Tools for
Understanding
g
Groundwater and Lake
Interactions
Wisconsin Lakes Convention 2008
TOOLS
• RESIDENT WORK (with a little help)
• EXPANDED WATERSHED STUDY
• MULTI-WATERSHED STUDY
• TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
• GRANTS
RESIDENT WORK
(WITH A LITTLE HELP)
• IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF LAKE
LAKE TYPE
Mounded
Lake
Drainage
Lake
Flow-through
Lake
Direction of local flow
Direction of regional flow
RESIDENT WORK
(WITH A LITTLE HELP)
• IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF LAKE
• MAP THE WATERSHED
MAP THE WATERSHED
MAP THE WATERSHED
J
BEULAH
ES
PICKEREL
ARMY
SWAN
BOOTH
20
43
RESIDENT WORK
(WITH A LITTLE HELP)
• IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF LAKE
• MAP THE WATERSHED
• MAP SITES OF INTEREST IN THE
WATERSHED
MAP SITES OF INTEREST
RESIDENT WORK
(WITH A LITTLE HELP)
• IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF LAKE
• MAP THE WATERSHED
• MAP SITES OF INTEREST IN THE
WATERSHED
• WATER LEVEL MONITORING
MONITOR GROUNDWATER
LEVELS
MONITOR GROUNDWATER
LEVELS
0.04
PUMP
ON
DRAWDOWN (FEET
T)
0.02
0 00
0.00
-0.02
-0.04
0.04
PUMP
OFF
-0.06
-0.08
-0.10
-0.12
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
TIME (MINUTES)
10000
12000
MONITOR
GROUNDWATER
LEVELS - GRADIENTS
MONITOR GROUNDWATER
LEVELS
0 600
0.600
0.500
GRA
ADIENT
0 400
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
-0.100
-0.200
1/0/00
1/5/00
1/10/00
1/15/00
DATE
1/20/00
1/25/00
RESIDENT WORK
(WITH A LITTLE HELP)
• IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF LAKE
• MAP THE WATERSHED
• MAP SITES OF INTEREST IN THE
WATERSHED
• WATER QUALITY MONITORING
MONITOR WATER QUALITY
EXPANDED WATERSHED STUDY
• PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE
¾ USGS
¾ DNR
¾ WGNHS
¾ CONSULTANTS
EXPANDED WATERSHED STUDY
• PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE
• STREAM FLOW MONITORING
STREAM FLOW MONITORING
GROUNDWATER MONITORING
EXPANDED WATERSHED STUDY
• PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE
• STREAM FLOW MONITORING
• LAKEBED TEMPERATURE
MONITORING
LAKEBED TEMPERATURE
MONITORING
65
TEMPERA
ATURE (F)
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
Nov-06
Dec-06
Jan-07
Feb-07
DATE
Mar-07
Apr-07
May-07
EXPANDED WATERSHED STUDY
• PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE
• STREAM FLOW MONITORING
• LAKEBED TEMPERATURE
MONITORING
• GROUNDWATER MODELING
GROUNDWATER MODELING
GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE
TO LAKE
LAKE WATER DISCHARGE
TO AQUIFER
GROUNDWATER MODELING
WATER LEVELS AT
DEPTH OF
WELL SCREEN –
NO PUMPING
WATER LEVELS AT
DEPTH OF
WELL SCREEN –
333 GPM
M
Multi
Multilti-watershed
t
h d studies
t di
Chuck Dunning,
g, USGS
Wisconsin Lakes Convention 2008
Dane County surface geology
T h i l Assistance
Technical
A i t
Chuck Dunning and Herb Garn, USGS
Wisconsin Lakes Convention 2008
Public Data
Streamflow Data
Ground-Water-Level Data
Ground-Water-Level Data
Groundwater
Flow Models
• Darcy’s Law - Water flows downhill
• Continuity – Mass Balance; IN=OUT
• Numerical equations representing streams,
wetlands, wells, etc.
• Extensive data requirements - “GI/GO”
• Quantifies system / Predictions
• Highlights areas where more and what type of
data are needed
Model Development
• “Take your best guess” - Interpretation
of hydrologic data
• “Draw a picture” - Conceptual model
development
• “Keep it as simple as possible” - one
layer?, multiple layers?
• “Build the machine” - Model
development
• “Constrain the arm waving” Calibration and sensitivity analysis
U.S. Geological Survey
Wisconsin Water Science Center
Lake Studies Program
Mission: To provide hydrologic
hydrologic, water
water-quality
quality, and
other scientific information to:
1. Describe current characteristics and conditions of
lakes,
2. Identify and understand water-quality problems,
3 Provide
3.
P id an understanding
d
di off in-lake
i l k processes, andd
4. Determine effective management
g
actions to pprotect
or restore lakes.
Detailed Lake Studies Conducted
by the U.S Geological Survey
Dead Pike
Lac du
Flameau
Whitefish
Shell
Kirby
Balsam
Silver
Lake St. Croix
Lac Courte
Oreilles
Red
Cedar
Primary Areas of Study
Little Rock
Muskellunge
Little St.
Germain
Clara
Green
Nutrient Budgets / Eutrophication
Water Level / Eutrophication
Aeration / Eutrophication
Pesticides / Trace Metals
Hydrology
Ground Water
Devils
D
il
Pike
Fish
Crystal
Fowler
Graber Whitewater,Rice
Delavan
Geneva
Wind
Powers Lauderdale
McCook
Lake Data
Funding for Lake Studies
• Lake Planning Grants (WDNR)
• Lake
L k Protection
P t ti Grants
G t (WDNR)
• Local Communities/agencies
• USGS Cooperative Funding