Winter Term 2015
SCHOOL OF
ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
TALKING
SENSE
www.usask.ca/sens
Talking SENSe
School of Environment and Sustainability
University of Saskatchewan
Kirk Hall, Room 323
117 Science Place
Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8
Executive Director
Toddi Steelman, PhD
Newsletter
Sharla Daviduik, MRM
Administrative Officer
Meagan Hinther, BSc
On the cover: The view of the Saskatchewan River from Renee Carrière’s front yard. Renee and her
husband, Solomon, visited SENS for the third annual Delta Day, and shared stories of their experiences of living on the river and through the 2013 flood. Read more about Delta Day on page 4.
Above: Students speak with Solomon Carrière during the Delta Day ENVS 990 seminar. Solomon
shared stories about his life in the Saskatchewan River Delta, and spoke about the impact that flooding has had on him and his family.
Communications Specialist
Please submit comments to
sens.info@usask.ca
3
Executive Director’s Message
3
Water Leaders of Tomorrow Poster Competition
4
Delta Day: Pictures Speak One Thousand Words
5
SENS Profiles
7
World Water Day
7
SENSSA Food Fair
8
Student Symposium Day
9
ENVS 990: Women’s Day
10
SENS Travel Diary: Budapest, Hungary
10
Important Dates
3
Executive Director’s Message
Leadership. What is your definition? I
have been thinking about this lately.
Leadership and followership are important qualities in any profession.
Knowing when to lead and when to follow, and doing both well, are essential to
the accomplishment of any goal, vision or
task. My definition of leadership encompasses creating or setting out a vision and
then motivating or inspiring people to
engage in or pursue that vision. I like
leading and I like following, but only when
the vision is worthwhile.
How are we leading in SENS? I think we
have a variety of examples that involve
our students, staff and faculty. We have
students who are pioneering new courses
in other countries: PhD candidates Jania
Chilima and Ayodele Olagunju took the
initiative to apply for a grant from Academics Without Borders. They were successful, and will be developing and teaching a course about environmental governance and decision-making at the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science
and Technology in Arusha, Tanzania. We
have staff who are recognized leaders in
our community: Administrative Officer
Sharla Daviduik has been a member of
Girl Guides of Canada for fifteen years,
and has been a Brownie leader in Saskatoon for thirteen of those. We have faculty who are recognized leaders on campus:
Professor Karsten Liber was awarded the
title of Distinguished Professor in 2014,
for his achievements as an aquatic toxicologist, and for his many contributions to
institution building at the University of
Saskatchewan, including moving the Toxicology Centre to a place of pre-eminence
in North America, playing a role in the
creation of the Global Institute of Water
Security, and serving as the first Executive
Director of SENS. We have faculty who
are sought out for their expertise abroad:
Assistant Professor Phil Loring recently
taught a short course on the topic of food
security at Central European University, in
Budapest, Hungary, for the Erasmus
Mundus Master’s course in Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management
(MESPOM). There are numerous other
examples I could cite.
The common element is that it all starts
with a vision. You have to have a vision
and then you need to figure out how to
achieve it. Within SENS, we are working
toward a collective vision of addressing
real world problems related to sustainability and the environment. We do this in
many ways and every person associated
with the School is essential to the accomplishment of this goal. Staff help students
and faculty. Students are building their
capacity to address complex problems.
Faculty lead by example in how they
teach and research.
Being part of a larger community that
pursues a collective vision is a human
trait. I believe we all desire to be part of
something larger than ourselves and that
we derive satisfaction from working together to achieve a common goal. The
stories highlighted in this version of the
newsletter do justice to the vision we
have for SENS and the many wonderful
ways our collective community is contributing to our overarching goals and vision.
Thank you all for what you do!
Toddi Steelman
Executive Director
Water Leaders of Tomorrow Poster Competition
Students and postdoctoral fellows involved in water research across campus
were invited to present posters at the
Water Leaders of Tomorrow poster competition on March 20, as part of the GIWS
World Water Day celebrations. Twentyfive student and six postdoctoral fellow
posters were judged by select GIWS and
Canadian Water Resources Association
members during a two-hour wine and
cheese reception. Congratulations to Noel
Galuschik, MES candidate, for finishing
first in the student category, and to Graham Strickert, research associate, for
placing first in the postdoctoral fellow
competition. Talking SENSe caught up
with Noel following her big win:
What was your research poster topic?
My research poster was about daily
changes in phosphorus that occur in small
freshwater reservoirs and how these small
changes can have a large impact on daily,
weekly, or monthly water quality monitoring regimes.
What tips could you give to fellow students on how to present a winning research poster? Every poster I've made,
I've tried to do something different. This
time I chose to present a question-driven
poster (e.g. how, what, why, etc.) as these
encourage dialogue. I would suggest to
those presenting posters to know their
three-minute elevator talk as well as answers to anticipated questions. Make sure
the poster is easy to follow and
that key information is clearly stated and
easy to find.
This was the first time I was presenting
this portion of my research and it was
humbling to finish in first place. I got a
chance to walk around to look at some of
the other posters and, as always, I am
impressed with the quality of work that
goes on at GIWS and those affiliated with
it.
Noel Galuschik and her winning
poster: Assessment of diel nutrient
dynamics in small headwater reservoirs.
Talking SENSe
Delta Day: Pictures Speak One Thousand Words
Contributed by Evan Andrews, MES student. Evan is studying perspectives on water quantity in the Saskatchewan River Delta, including how rights holders living downstream of dams understand levels
of water flow, and how they see themselves in decision-making processes.
SENS has many faculty and students conducting research in three
deltas: the Peace-Athabasca, the Slave Lake and River, and the
Saskatchewan River. On Delta Day, held the first Friday in February,
the School comes together to welcome and celebrate its partners
who live and work in these deltas. Delta Day provides the opportunity to share perspectives, make connections, and ultimately,
introduce the greater SENS community to the environmental champions the SENS delta researchers have come to appreciate. Without
these special guests and many others in their communities, SENS
delta research would not exist.
This year, Renee and Solomon Carrière, from the Saskatchewan
River Delta, joined us for the School’s ENVS 990 seminar to share
the joys and challenges of downstream life through the power of
the visual image. They were joined by three Grade 8 students from
Charlebois Community School in the Northern Village of Cumberland House. The students, Acagos Carrière, Seghen Carrière and
Courtney MacKay, proved that the delta’s youth have much to offer, as they carried themselves through a day of meetings, presentations, and new situations with courage and professionalism.
Renee and Solomon shared a photo essay about their home on the
Saskatchewan River. We witnessed a glimpse of a lifetime of love
and loss, and the fruitful co-existence of two people from different
worlds – Renee is of European descent, while Solomon’s heritage is
Métis. Solomon talked about arguing with Renee over how best to
navigate the river’s challenges. Renee called this “dialoging.” Renee
talked about the efficiency of language in her world, while Solomon
views language as a map. Through their photos, they showed us
how the fast-changing waters of the delta have fundamentally
changed their family and their way of life. The flooding in the last
ten years has been devastating.
Then, the “experiment” began. We wanted to know how images
could bring people together and allow presenters of all ages to express themselves. All five guests brought with them a photo, from
the Northern Village of Cumberland House and surrounding area, of
what water means to them:
• The Carriere family in the snow in front of a lobstick;
• The sun setting on the Saskatchewan River off the porch of
the Big Eddy Camp;
• Acagos taking a photo on the Cumberland House Bridge;
• A frozen hockey rink behind the Charlebois Community
School;
• The scorched bridge resting on the frozen Big Stone.
SENS students and faculty were divided into groups and took turns
interpreting the photos, before the presenters shared their perspectives. As the audience rotated through the photo stations, the
buzz in the room increased in volume, the youth presenters became
more confident, and the knowledge-bridging became apparent.
Thanks to the eighty people in attendance, including our presenters,
note-takers, and facilitators, we achieved something special. We
helped each other to understand.
5
Student Profile: Rong Shen, MSEM Program
Rong Shen is a student in the MSEM
program. She is working with the Meewasin Valley Authority to find improved
grassland management strategies.
Research interests: Environmental science, soil
science, and sustainability. My current research
evaluates management of grassland by assessing
plant species and vegetation types. This project
will be conducted in the Northeast Swale and my
community partner is the Meewasin Valley Authority (MVA). Grazing and burning have been
used as management strategies to recover and
maintain plant species diversity and vegetation
community structure. The results are expected to
show what kind and level of management will
lead to a healthier grassland. This will help the
MVA to improve their plans and future monitoring. This will also provide information about the
time, scale and resources needed for implementation of these management strategies.
Favourite music: I like pop music and I always want to
attend a concert of my favourite singer. I missed one
before. But when I return to China, I’ll go to see one
absolutely. And I also enjoy classical music.
Most significant achievement: It is hard to say,
because I don’t think I have learned much or
done much. Maybe the most significant
achievement is that I’m studying here. It has
always been my dream to study abroad one day
and I have realized it! Although life is not easy
now, I’m grateful that I can come here and meet
so many extraordinary people and experience so
many wonderful things. And I have a strong feeling that what I’m learning can be applied to my
job when I go back to China.
What impact do you hope your research will have? I
hope my project can help my community partners to
find a better management strategy for the grassland.
And for me, I hope this can teach me how to design a
project, communicate with people, how to make good
decisions, and of course, improve my English.
Influences: My parents and friends are my biggest
influences. My father is an artist and photographer.
He always took me to different places and my mother
encourages me to meet different people. This makes
me not afraid of going outside. I’m always curious
about everything. They always respect my decisions.
When I told them I wanted to study environmental
science, they didn’t stop me even though being an
environmentalist may not be a wise choice in China.
My friends are always my backup. They give me the
power to keep going.
How do you define sustainability? I think sustainability is to always remember that human beings share
the world. We are one part of the environment and
the planet. Before doing anything, making any decision, we need to think about the environment. We
cannot take resources from other beings or from the
next generations. And this is called sustainability.
Faculty Profile: Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt
Associate Professor Karl-Erich
Lindenschmidt’s research
focuses on numerical modelling of surface waters in cold
regions.
Research interests: Numerical modelling of surface waters in
cold regions with foci on ice processes, geomorphology, and
water quality. I was born and raised on the Canadian Prairies,
particularly seasoned by their harsh winters, a reason why I
enjoy carrying out research related to river and lake ice processes. Much of my upbringing occurred on the Canadian Shield
in eastern Manitoba, an area with many lakes and rivers, which
has influenced me to focus my research on surface water issues. The numerical modelling interest stems from my strong
technical background, including mechanical engineering (B.Sc.
Manitoba; M.A.Sc. – Toronto), environmental engineering
(Ph.D. – TU Berlin) and water resources management (Habilitation – TU Cottbus, Germany).
Place of Birth: Beausejour, Manitoba
Most Significant Achievement: I’ve travelled six of the earth’s
seven continents. Perhaps I’ll make it to Antarctica someday.
I’ve been told there are all kinds of ice types there – ice blink,
ice cap, ice cliff, ice crystals, ice floe, ice foot, ice sheet, ice
shelf, ice stream, ice tongue, iceberg ... fascinating!!
Favourite Music: Classic rock.
Influences: Rudyard Kipling’s poem “If”, excerpts of which are:
If you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too.
…
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster
And treat those two impostors just the same.
...
Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it.
What impact do you hope your research will have? To develop and provide methodologies to easily detect patterns in riverine landscapes.
How do you define sustainability? Managing natural systems sustainably provides
the maximum possible social and economic resilience against hazards by protecting
and working with the environment in a way which is fair and affordable both now
and in the future.
Talking SENSe
Alumni Profile: Matt Wolsfeld, Class of 2011
Matt Wolsfeld returned to the University of
Saskatchewan recently, but not to pursue
further studies. Rather, the MSEM graduate
has joined the Office of Sustainability, Facilities Management Division, as its Community
Engagement Coordinator. In this role, Matt
works to ensure that students, staff, and
faculty are aware of and engaged in the university’s sustainability initiatives. Some days,
this means meetings with building managers
or student groups to discuss sustainability
issues; on other days, it means spending
time in front of a computer designing marketing or communications materials for a
new initiative. “It’s a highly flexible position
that engages my critical thinking skills and I
couldn’t be happier with it,” says Matt.
Matt’s interest in sustainability began with a
childhood love of animals, which drew him
to biology for undergraduate studies. The
manner in which ecosystems are structured,
with interdependencies between plants and
animals, was fascinating to Matt. As he became more and more aware of events
around the world and the impacts they had
on the environment, he became deeply invested in learning more about the connections between plants and animals and how
to ensure their preservation.
So, how does this new staff member in the
Office of Sustainability define that oftenloaded term, “sustainability?” “It’s fairly
simple for me. I follow the Brundtland definition: sustainability means meeting the
needs of the present without compromising
the needs of the future. There are many
offshoots and derivatives of this definition,
but I believe keeping it simple allows for
creative solutions to traditional problems.
There is always the opportunity to hijack
these sorts of terms for negative purposes,
but if we allow that sort of activity to force
us into qualifying sustainability into irrelevancy, we are closing ourselves off to innovative solutions that may take us into better
and brighter futures. But it will be hard.
Sustainability is too often used as a
buzzword, and as a result, the general population believes it exists everywhere while not
actually exercising it anywhere. Be open to
differing interpretations of sustainability
without compromising the values that are
important to you.”
Matt has this advice for students who will
soon be leaving SENS and seeking employment. “Job opportunities that you may not
have originally considered can open new
avenues for you. Use all of the skills and
talents you have at your disposal; often the
things you love outside of your academic
life can be your greatest career assets. Finally, network, network, network. The
phrase ‘it’s who you know’ has never been
more apt. Don’t be afraid to use all of your
connections to find a place for yourself
outside of school.”
When asked about career prospects for
those in the environment and sustainability
field, Matt says, “On a long enough time
frame, sustainability will be a no-brainer to
most of the population, but the longer we
wait, the more work we’ll have cut out for
ourselves. The most important thing we can
do is advocate for sustainability in everything we do, not as privileged warriors, but
as fellow community members, friends, and
citizens. Sustainability is one of the few
fields where you can have a stake in creating your own job, so by engaging the community and increasing the priority of sustainability among communities and consumers, you can be your own best ally.”
Matt considers himself a creative and artistic
person – qualities that can be difficult to
express when studying the natural sciences.
But finding the places where these diverse
disciplines did intersect was very rewarding.
“SENS seemed to have the same interdisciplinary approach to learning that I did,” Matt
reflects. During the course of his MSEM
program, he was able to combine a scientific
approach to studying the environment with
artistic and social elements, which Matt feels
are “too often ignored.” However, Matt
found that this method allowed him to contextualize complex problems, making them
more accessible.
When asked to choose a favourite moment
from his time at SENS, Matt says he is hardpressed to pick just one. “I look at my entire
program as one big amazing experience. Our
whole program was a fairly tight-knit group
that spent a lot of time together, in school
and out. I’ve taken trips with SENS classmates, attended weddings, and seen people
develop and use the skills they gained at
SENS to find fascinating careers for themselves. I loved my learning experience at
SENS and took away so many important academic lessons, but the friends and life lessons I gained from the program will stick
with me forever.”
MSEM alumnus Matt Wolsfeld recently returned to the University of Saskatchewan as the
Community Engagement Coordinator in the Office of Sustainability, Facilities Management
Division.
7
World Water Day 2015
Every year around March 22, the Global Institute
for Water Security (GIWS) marks World Water
Day – a day designated by the United Nations as
a time to celebrate and protect the planet’s water resources.
Abdalla Karoyo, PhD in chemistry, was presented with the Best Doctoral Thesis Award in Water Security Research for developing new ‘smart
materials’ that have the potential to clean up
waterborne contaminants.
This year’s celebrations took place on Friday,
March 20, at the Diefenbaker Canada Centre and
included a Water Leaders lecture series and
poster competition. GIWS partnered with the
Saskatchewan chapter of the Canadian Water
Resources Association to host the events, and
the keynote presentation was included as part of
the SENS ENVS 990 Seminar in Environment and
Sustainability series.
“It feels great to be honoured by GIWS and I
hope this recognition inspires others to use
their research to solve practical problems in
environmental sciences,” said Karoyo.
The lecture series opened with presentations by
recipients of the inaugural Water Security Research Awards. The awards recognize outstanding GIWS member achievements in water research and advancement of U of S research activities.
Above: Interim President Gordon
Barnhart brought greetings on behalf of the university and spoke of
the importance of water research to
the U of S.
John Giesy, Canada Research Chair in Environmental Toxicology, received the Water Security
Research Excellence Award. Giesy’s list of
achievements are long and varied and include
being one of the most cited authors in environmental sciences research.
Below: GIWS Director Howard
Wheater (left) presents the Best
Doctoral Thesis Award in Water
Security Research to Abdalla Karoyo.
(right).
“Dr. Giesy is a world-leading scientist in water
research, and a very fitting first recipient of this
award,” said Howard Wheater, director, GIWS
and SENS faculty member. “I’m pleased to present him with this recognition.”
Community Through Diversity: The SENSSA Food Fair
Few events at SENS generate the kind of anticipation
that the SENSSA Food Fair does. But then, few events
bring people together to celebrate the cultural diversity of the SENS community the way the Food Fair does.
The third edition of the Food Fair was held on March
20 at the GSA Commons. Twenty-six volunteer cooks
(SENS faculty, staff, and students) brought homemade
dishes that were significant to their culture to share
with the more than fifty people in attendance. The
menu included fare from Bangladesh, Kenya, the
Ukraine, Uganda, Germany, and Canada. In all, fifteen
different cultures and ethnicities were represented.
After the meal, MES student Jason Maillet played
guitar and sang, and a prize draw for passes to Ground
Yoga and gift certificates from The Better Good and
Louis’ Loft was held for the cooks.
SENSSA wishes to thank the Food Fair cooks, who
contributed the incredible food for the event, as well
as everyone who helped with post-event clean up.
SENSSA is looking forward to continuing the Food Fair
tradition next year!
The Water Leaders lecture series finished with
ten minute presentations by students and
postdoctoral fellows showcasing their research and its fit with GIWS themes. SENS
presenters included Chrystal Mantyka Pringle,
postdoctoral fellow; Meghan Carr, PhD student, and Jenna Zee, MES student.
PhD student Jada Koushik enjoys the
diversity of dishes at the SENSSA food
fair.
Talking SENSe
Student Symposium Day
y
SENS celebrated student research with its second student
symposium day, held on March 27, 2015, in the Education
Building. More than forty-five students in the School’s three
graduate programs spoke about their thesis or project research, to their peers, to the School’s faculty, and to the
School’s community partners.
“I remember when SENS had 1 ½ offices in the Law Building,” Martin Phillipson, associate professor in the College of
Law, commented, as he introduced the keynote speaker, Dr.
Nancy Doubleday from McMaster University.
Indeed, the School has grown tremendously since those
early days in 2007. Still, the underpinning values that were
described in the original proposal to establish SENS – namely, interdisciplinarity, innovation, originality, and collaboration – have always been important at the School.
Dr. Doubleday, the Hope Chair in Peace and Health at
McMaster, spoke about interdisciplinarity as a process. She
noted that wicked problems don’t respect disciplinary
boundaries, and that to be effective and to have impact,
decisions need to be made with everyone at the table. “Interdependency is real,” she commented. “Partnerships and
sharing knowledge is beneficial, but we don’t often
acknowledge this.”
The importance of sharing knowledge beyond academia will,
no doubt, continue to be a focus for SENS going forward.
The symposium proved that the School’s students have the
professionalism and the understanding to do just that.
From top: Cara Baldwin, MSEM program; keynote
speaker Dr. Nancy Doubleday; Jordan Mihalicz, MES
program; Chelsea Oliphant-Recanski, MSEM program; and, Brett MacKinnon, MES program.
9
ENVS 990 for Women’s Day: Who is Heard? Who Gets to Say?
“SENS marks International Women’s Day because the ability for
women to participate equally in society and in the economy is
critical to efforts towards realizing a sustainable future,” said Executive Director Toddi Steelman, as she introduced ENVS 990 on
March 6. Although significant strides have been made regarding
women’s rights since International Women’s Day, which is on
March 8, began in the early 1900s, women do not have full equali1
ty in any country in the world.
Isobel Findlay, professor
of marketing and management in the Edwards
School of Business, gave
a special ENVS 990
seminar for Women’s
Day.
The speaker for the Women’s Day seminar, Isobel Findlay, professor of marketing and management in the Edwards School of Business, highlighted some of these inequalities, particularly as they
relate to Aboriginal women. The research she presented in the
seminar concerns untangling the current sustainability crisis (in
that it involves economic, social and environmental factors – the
three pillars of sustainability) and promoting democracy to reach a
sustainable future. Thus, the questions, “Who is heard? Who gets
to say?” become key – who are the participants in the democracy?
Dr. Findlay noted that the current view, which prioritizes wealth
generation as the driver of domestic and foreign policy, downplays
the importance of ecological interests and cultural traditions,
which leads to Aboriginal people being considered “in the way” of
resource development. This policy and other thinking have impoverished many Aboriginal communities. Within dominant performance metrics (including GDP), Aboriginal women are especially “invisible” – even though their levels of education and their
success in the workplace has increased, they still earn less than
their counterparts from other cultures.
When, for example, the history of North America and Africa are
considered, one will find that colonization of these continents by
European powers was viewed as progress, as reason, as civilization
obscured the irrationalities and disfigurements of a process that
cut all off from their socio-cultural roots and from the land, severed mind from body, and individualized and privatized experience. Africa was even referred to as “the dark continent.” We
know, however, that many distinct indigenous cultures were flourishing on these continents.
Thus, even though the path to modernity has been “marinated in
Eurocentric thought,” cultural diversity is viewed quite differently
by organizations such as UNESCO today. According to UNESCO,
“Cultural diversity is … an asset that is indispensable for poverty
2
reduction and the achievement of sustainable development.”
Similarly, empowering women is “smart economics,” according to
3
the World Bank and a source of sustainable development for the
4
United Nations.
Dr. Findlay provided several examples from her research where
Aboriginal people have used values other than that of wealth generation to redefine success. Arctic Co-operatives Ltd. uses cooperative principles, which have been used in Aboriginal cultures
for generations, to provide a form of self-determination in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. Neechi Foods, an Aboriginal
worker co-operative located in Winnipeg, has been tremendously
successful balancing commercial viability and social responsibility
by following eleven principles for healthy, sustainable communities. The North Saskatchewan Trappers’ Association Co-operative
has three thousand members, and operates as a sustainable
knowledge economy. In the Atlantic provinces, Mi’kmaq basket
makers have learned to live with and learn from the land, turning trees
into baskets in a respectful, reciprocal relationship, their strands of
knowledge weaving social relations of production in a co-operative
economy.
Clearly, based on Dr. Findlay’s research, success need not be measured
only in terms of resource development and wealth. The critical role
that culture can play is known and understood among Canada’s First
Nations, where women traditionally were agents of social change as
well as stewards of linguistic and biodiversity. By sharing lessons such
as this, goals of women’s equality and sustainable development will be
more easily realized.
1
UNESCO. International Women’s Day. 2015. “Did You Know?” Available
at: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/events/prizes-andcelebrations/celebrations/international-days/international-womens-day2015
2
UNESCO. 2014. Cultural Diversity. Available
at: http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.phpURL_ID=34321&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
3
World Bank. 2012. World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and
Development. Available at:
https://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWDR2012/Resources/77781051299699968583/7786210-1315936222006/Complete-Report.pdf
4
United Nations Development Programme. 2000. Millennium Development
Goals. Available at:
http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/mdgoverview.html
Talking SENSe
SENS Travel Diary: Budapest, Hungary
Assistant Professor Phil Loring recently travelled to Budapest
to teach a course in the Erasmus Mundus Master’s course in
Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management
(MESPOM). Here is his account of the trip.
I taught a class called "Comparative and Sustainable Food
Systems" to students in the Erasmus Mundus master's program at Central European University in Budapest. Many of
these students are in the MESPOM program that U of S
participates in, and so many are looking for options for thesis research in their third and fourth semesters. The students in my class were in their second semester. They were
a fantastic cohort, all very excellent students. The cohort
was very diverse, with students from all over Europe, as
well as Russia, Southeast Asia, and North and South America. The class was two weeks long; the first was a survey of
the history of food systems, from tribal systems through
pastoralism and different kinds of subsistence farming, with
a focus on what worked ecologically as well as socially, and
the modern circumstances that have made these systems
less sustainable. The second week focused on contemporary debates over chemically-dependent industrial agriculture, genetically modified crops, and the "local v. global"
debate.
Important Dates
•
Last Day of Classes for 2014/15 Regular Session – April 8, 2015
•
Earth Day – April 22, 2015
•
Spring Convocation – SENS Ceremony – June 2, 2015
Central European University,
St. Stephen’s Basilica, and
the Chain Bridge over the
Danube River. Photos courtesy Phil Loring.