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By Julianna Jack
Putting the Pat Williams Scholarship to Great Use:
Participating in the 2012 National Model United Nations conference, NYC
The National Model United Nations (NMUN) conference in New York City is an
academic opportunity like no other. College students from around the world convene to simulate
a session within the many different committees of the United Nations. Each committee is
dedicated to a different aspect of the global community, ranging from economic equality to
human rights, international security to environmental health, and a plethora of other areas of
great concern to international governance and foreign relations. For a political science student
such as myself, it was a dream to attend such a conference as NMUN, one that I had previously
thought was financially unattainable. Receiving the Pat Williams Scholarship made this
scholarly dream possible. It enabled me to travel with a dedicated group of fellow UM students
to represent the Kingdom of Bhutan, to confidently utilize my academic and leadership abilities
within the General Assembly Third Committee, and ultimately to have a portion of my work
from the conference forwarded to the actual UN General Assembly for consideration.
Participating in this stimulating conference gave me the opportunity to develop and apply my
political science knowledge outside the university walls and provided me an invaluable
experience that I will draw upon in my future academic and occupational endeavors.
Preparation for the conference was challenging, yet inspiring and encouraging. The
Montana Model United Nations (MMUN) travelling team has a long history of attaining awards
and recognition from the NMUN conference, and I wanted to be a key player in continuing that
track record. Our small team would meet once a week to drill our knowledge of parliamentary
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procedure, give impromptu speeches on various topics relevant to our specific committees, and
discuss strategies for establishing our roles as conference leaders in determining the conference
agendas, creating alliances and developing the structure of serious and realistic working papers
that we would be proud to present to the real UN if given the opportunity.
Our preparation was not confined to our weekly meetings, however. The great majority
of our groundwork was done as individuals. In between classes, as a study break from other
writing assignments in the evening, and during my duty shifts as a resident assistant at Pantzer
Hall’s front desk, I would heavily study the history of the UN, familiarize myself with its charter,
treaties and the resolutions that were relevant to my committee’s topics.
Most of the information I memorized for the conference correlated to the data and facts I
needed to accrue to collaboratively write the position paper. My fellow Third Committee
delegate, Nick Portratz, and I tackled the challenge of determining the Kingdom of Bhutan’s
stance on our committee’s three topics – transnational organized crime, the rights of indigenous
people, and combating human trafficking. We constructed this write-up in a way that identified
the historic and contemporary international actions regarding each topic and Bhutan’s recorded
actions and style of foreign diplomacy. Subsequently, we extrapolated this data to propose
policy prescriptions that would be realistic, effective and representative of the outlook of this
newly democratized nation. Nick and I worked diligently to discover the political stance of
Bhutan on these topics, a feat that was difficult to overcome because this small, secluded nation
only recently transformed itself into a multilaterally communicative democratic nation. After
completion, we were very proud of our paper and knew that our extensive research had well
prepared us to take charge within our committee during the conference in NYC. Our fellow
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teammates shared our confidence regarding their own preparation and we all anxiously awaited
the arrival of our spring break travels to the Big Apple.
When the day arrived to leave for New York City, I could not have been more excited. I
knew this trip would significantly shape my academic outlook and provide me the experience
and connections that could advance my career in the field of foreign public service. I remember
walking along the airport corridors with my teammates during our layovers, discussing
international current events and what we most looked forward to during this trip. Our plane
touched down late in the evening, and I remember how the city’s ever-present glow and steady
stream of headlights in trafficked-filled streets seemed to match the inner-glow I felt as we drove
to a hostel in Brooklyn.
We arrived two days prior to the conference so we could familiarize ourselves with the
city, do some extra preparation, and of course experience the diverse and rich character of NYC
and its surrounding boroughs. This portion of the trip proved to be just as influential as the
conference. My teammates and I listened to the fascinating stories of our fellow international
hostel guests (my favorite being the Irish radio-documentary producer), learned to navigate the
city transit systems, absorbed the knowledge and sights of amazing museums and galleries,
explored cultural areas where hand gestures were the only means of communication, and sat atop
the massive rocks of Central Park, watching the ebb and flow of New York life before our eyes.
These two days gave me insight into what my future would look like if I were to live in this
amazing city and work for the United Nations.
The time for the NMUN conference opening ceremonies soon arrived. I was filled with a
nervous excitement as I sat amongst the crowd of fellow delegates, two thousand strong and
originating from countries all around the world. Though only a simulation, the international
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makeup of a true UN conference was accurately reflected by the crowd of eager college students
present at the Sheraton Hotel. After the motivational messages from the conference’s SecretaryGeneral, Nick and I confidently strode to the General Assembly Third Committee’s conference
room, discussing last minute plans of action to influence the events that were about to unfold.
Seated in our chairs, placard in hand and materials ready to present, Nick and I awaited the
opportunity to speak before our delegation and argue the Kingdom of Bhutan’s preferred order of
topics and why our fellow delegates should support our order. Having prepared our argument in
advance, we knew the strength of its logic. Yet, we did not plan on the dais not recognizing our
request to speak until it was too late; the delegation soon called for a vote to be taken before we
had the chance to make our case. Rather than voting in favor of first addressing the overarching
topic of transnational organized crime, the majority voted to address combating human
trafficking.
Though the order of events was not preferential, my confidence was not shaken for my
portion of research had focused upon Bhutan’s stance on this topic. Once again, we raised our
placard immediately to be put upon the speaking list for the topic at hand, and once again we
were recognized after a great many other delegates were placed on the list before us. This meant
that our ability to influence the group heavily relied upon our interactions with fellow delegates
during the unmoderated caucuses, more so than we had previously anticipated.
Almost immediately, delegates separated into alliances on working papers regarding
combating human trafficking. However, it was not done according to realistic foreign relations.
The leaders of working papers were not the delegates of major players in the actual UN, but
rather the college students who had participated in this same conference multiple times and knew
the unfamiliar formatting of the papers at hand. Alliances were not primarily constructed based
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upon true regional interdependence or current political movements, but rather the pre-established
relations between the college students and personal academic abilities, which ranged more
greatly than I had expected. This meant that Nick and I needed to be adaptive in our strategies;
we needed to think on our feet and quickly reconstruct our speeches to best address the latest
delegates’ speeches and stances on human trafficking.
We separated ourselves into different working papers to better spread and promote the
views of Bhutan. The groups within which I worked to establish my influence seemed promising
at first. I took charge of a subsection in one working paper, created a substantial amendment to
another working paper, and influenced the direction of a few other working papers. Yet, I soon
found myself faced with several pacifying challenges. The fellow delegates whom were directed
to work with me on the subsection - women empowerment programs and educational media
campaigns - were not as well studied on current UN actions. Agreeing upon operative clauses
proved very difficult and progress was slow. I carefully guided the discussions, however, and
led the group to reach a point of collaboration and agreement upon a short, yet impactful set of
policy recommendations to be added to the working paper at large.
Continuously though, more challenges arose. The size of the group working on this one
position paper grew to a size that was larger than ideal; too many interests were trying to be
presented in one position paper. The outcome of the paper reflected the character of the group
that crafted its contents – it was a hodgepodge of good ideas, unrelated, clumsily stitched
together and distant from the quality of creation that would be acceptable by a true UN
committee. Also to my dismay, the strong amendment I crafted to be implemented into one of
the higher quality working papers failed to be inserted into the document, despite having
acquired the approval of every sponsor and a majority of the signatories. The most frustrating
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point of all, however, was the realization that my concepts for a detailed women empowerment
program were popping up in several working papers to which I neither directly contributed nor
gave permission for such adoption of my ideas. What I was experiencing was a juvenile version
of real life politics. Conferences, sessions, and caucuses do not function according to an
idealistic plan. Human interactions and emotions are best explained by the chaos theory, which
chiefly states that the functioning of organizations greatly relies upon immediate conditions in
addition to patterned interaction. This realization sunk in a bit more each day, and I realized that
I had to anticipate the unexpected; I had to work at the edge of the chaos and continually adapt
my strategies in order to foster my leadership and influence amongst the delegates.
Nick’s and my performance on the final day demonstrated our heightened understanding
of the communicative functioning of this conference. We adapted our speeches to not only
promote Bhutanese perspective, but also to address the current strategies on the floor, signifying
to our fellow delegates that we hear them, we understand them, and we are willing to synergize
our efforts in order to accurately reflect the multilateral communicative structure that is the
United Nations. During unmoderated caucuses, having few opportunities to make formal
speeches before the delegation, I created my own opportunity to give impromptu speeches. I
stood atop chairs, speaking to the concerns of the delegates around me about why they needed to
support the working papers to which I had been laboriously contributing. I was determined to
maintain the quality of this conference; I would not let my efforts to craft realistic, innovative
and multilateral policies be trumped by undemocratic interactions. I did the same for Nick’s
working papers, and he did the same for mine. Together, we gave one last great effort to
promote the interests of Bhutan and to foster a truly international political atmosphere within our
committee.
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The outcome of our written and spoken efforts was mixed. Having crafted what I would
argue was the most innovative and worthy position paper, Nick’s work on linking efforts in
combating human trafficking to anti money laundering initiatives did not receive a majority vote;
it did not become a resolution and was not given the chance to be recognized by the UN, as it
should have for it was an initiative that could truly be impactful. My passionate promotion of
strong women empowerment programs and media campaign initiatives succeeded and led to its
implementation into not only the hodgepodge working paper to which I contributed, but also to a
few other working papers that neither recognized Bhutan as a sponsor nor a signatory. My initial
frustration over plagiarized work quickly dissipated because I realized that my efforts had been
recognized and my ideas were deemed worthy by the committee at large. What mattered most of
all was that my endeavors to truly represent Bhutan and its multilateral style of foreign policy
succeeded. The large merger – including the subsection I guided – passed every level of voting
and will be forwarded to the UN General Assembly. Also, a couple of other working papers that
included echoes of my words and ideas became resolutions that passed each level of voting.
The conference was high paced, intimidating, difficult and strenuous. It was
unpredictable and dissimilar to my expectations. Yet, it was everything I could have hoped that
such an academic conference would be. The National Model United Nations Conference in New
York City broadened my perspectives on the human element to political interactions. This
conference tested my leadership abilities and gave me the opportunity to hone my capacity to
work under pressure, adapt my strategies and communication influentially. The research and
preparation gave me a deeper understanding for international governance and the numerous
occupational possibilities that exist within the UN. I established relationships with young future
world leaders who share my passion for international service and a style of governance that best
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serves the interests of our global community. Participating in the NMUN conference is most
definitely the highlight of my college career. It gave me wealth of knowledge to utilize in my
future academic and political endeavors. This opportunity would not have been possible without
the financial assistance of the Pat Williams Scholarship. For this, extend by deepest gratitude to
the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Center and to the sponsors of this scholarship. Thank you.
Delegation from
The Kingdom of Bhutan
Represented by
The University of Montana
Position Paper for the General Assembly Third Committee
The issues before the General Assembly Third Committee are: Combating Human Trafficking; Development of the
Rights of Indigenous Peoples; and Transnational Organized Crime. This committee has before it an array of issues
that are as compelling and daunting as ever before. These issues challenge the world's resolve to live in peace and
harmony, but the Kingdom of Bhutan remains ever hopeful, and looks forward to addressing these challenges.
I. Combating Human Trafficking
The exploitation of individuals takes many forms, the most prevalent being the trafficking of women and children.
According to the United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking (UN.GIFT), poverty, gender-based
discrimination, and historical sexual and physical violence are factors that make women and children particularly
vulnerable to exploitation; a high-profit and low-risk endeavor for traffickers. The Kingdom of Bhutan stands for
concerted and holistic action as prescribed in the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in
Persons (A/RES/64/293) to eliminate violence against women and children to attain societal harmony for all.
In the 2011 Report of the Special Rapporteur (A/66/283), Ms. Ezeilo states that discussions on the right to effective
remedy for trafficked persons tend to focus on compensation and restitution. It must be remembered that effective
remedy additionally encompasses recovery, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition, as well as the right to substantive remedies, such as legal, medical, psychological, social, administrative and other forms of assistance. Bhutan
supports this holistic set of remedial measures. Such reactionary efforts, however, will not overcome the issue of retrafficking or the difficulty of re-integrating into the society from which an individual was trafficked. The only way
to circumvent this cycle of injustice is to destroy its roots – the socio-political norms that promote gender inequality,
the most detrimental being sexual and gender-based violence; discrimination; social stigma; and communal/family
ostracism upon return to families and communities, which leads to re-victimization.
Bhutan remains a potential source of origin and transit for human trafficking, according to the UN Office on Drugs
and Crime (UNODC). Bhutan is an exemplary leader in reducing such activity, however, by taking such actions as
amending its constitution to guarantee complete equality for women and children, found in Articles 7 and 9; establishing a National Commission for Women and Children; ratifying the Convention on the Rights of the Child
(UNCRC) and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
(CEDAW/C/JPN/6); signing the Optional Protocol to the UNCRC on the sale of children, child prostitution and
child pornography; and joining the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Convention on
Regional Arrangements for the Promotion of Child Welfare In South Asia. Bhutan also stresses the actions of the
UN, such as establishing the Inter-agency Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons and the UN Global
Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons (A/RES/64/293), to be assessed in 2013. These actions remove
political inequalities and make possible the social mobilization of women, thus decreasing their susceptibility to
trafficking.
The equal integration of women and children will not be realized until the aforementioned cultural restrictions are
addressed. Therefore, Bhutan proposes that regionally-supported campaigns and workshops– such as those held by
the Bhutanese NGO RENEW (Respect, Educate, Nurture, & Empower Women) – be enacted worldwide to restructure norms that hinder social equality. Further, Bhutan calls for the integration of national databases and the regular
exchange of information via the UNODC to collaboratively address human trafficking mapping. As detailed in
A/RES/64/178, it is vital that information is disaggregated by types of trafficking in persons, sex and age to increase
the efficacy of resulting plans of action. This communication infrastructure will be financed by expanding the current number of Member States pledging to contribute .7% of their GDP to official development assistance (ODA).
II. Development and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
The Kingdom of Bhutan wishes to express its support for concepts of development that encourage indigenous peoples, cultural preservation, and traditional knowledge; this has been a primary pillar of the Bhutanese concept of
Gross National Happiness (GNH) as an alternative to traditional measures of development.
Previously, Bhutan has supported initiatives such as the Draft Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
(A/C.3/61/L.18/Rev.1) and the International Decade of the World's Indigenous People (A/C.3/51/L.30). Further,
although the Kingdom of Bhutan fully embraces the rights of all individuals, in particular indigenous and traditional
people, to retain the cultural and traditional facets of their livelihood, Bhutan does not endorse current international
agreements such as the Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples or the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention. Despite valuable principles expressed throughout these documents (e.g. using traditional knowledge in
promoting biodiversity, environmental protection, and sustainable development), Bhutan has reservations regarding
the ambiguity of the term "indigenous peoples" within these initiatives.
Since the adoption of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous People and the Second Decade of the
World's Indigenous People, the international community has made great strides in the recognition of indigenous
rights. In some states, however, no clear indigenous groups can be identified, and under codified definitions of "i ndigenous," may have societal schisms forced on them via international expectations. Bhutan is home to a multitude
of people considered to be "indigenous" as defined by international definitions, including self-identification, traditional customs, and religious practices. Bhutan has worked arduously to ensure that all Bhutanese citizens are provided with access to social programs and political input. The Constitution of Bhutan ensures political equality and
service distribution to all Bhutanese without discrimination. Bhutan's institutions, such as the Ministry of Cultural
Affairs, the GNH Commission, and the Agency for the Promotion of Indigenous Crafts are each tasked with propagating the ideals of GNH and cultivating traditional and culture-based development that incorporate willing indigenous peoples. Bhutan's development is founded on GNH, underpinned by four pillars – Sustainable and Equitable
Socio-Economic Development, Conservation of the Environment, Preservation and Promotion of Culture, and Good
Governance (via regional devolution) –, each promoting indigenous and traditional knowledge in development.
Bhutan supports methods of development that foster tradition and culture as foci of economic and social progress.
The utilization of GNH and indicators not solely based on economic growth provides states with an emphasis on
equitable service distribution that recognizes the individuality of indigenous and traditional cultures. Bhutan holds
that if states aim to improve their citizens' well-being, their policies will encompass people from all sectors of society and consider their unique needs. Thus, Bhutan proposes the creation of an ECOSOC GNH Advisory Committee,
tasked with promoting the development and implementation of GNH, and researching its usefulness in protecting
indigenous rights, with funding by voluntary contributions. Through Gross National Happiness, states are provided
with the potential to achieve development that is inclusive and protective of indigenous rights.
III. Transnational Organized Crime
Transnational organized crime poses an increasingly pernicious threat to the world, particularly in cases where globalization and development foster the emergence of new forms of crime. The Kingdom of Bhutan recognizes these
threats, but, similar to many developing states, lacks resources to establish the institutions necessary to abate transnational criminal activity. Bhutan particularly references money laundering and corruption as catalysts for other
crimes, and emphasizes the need to address these two issues specifically.
Bhutan emphasizes the importance of technical assistance and advisory services from UN bodies and developed
states as affirmed in the resolutions Strengthening the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme (A/C.3/65/L.15) and International Cooperation in the Fight Against Transnational Organized Crime Assistance to States in Capacity Building (A/C.3/59/L.9). Bhutan further underlines these resolutions' focus on preventing
crime to promote social and economic development. Also, Bhutan highlights Strengthening International Cooperation in Combating the Harmful Effects of Illicit Financial Flows Resulting from Criminal Activities (A/C.3/66/L.2),
as it recognizes that abrogating money-laundering and illicit financial flows will inhibit transnational crime.
The international community has taken numerous measures to address various forms of criminal activity, such as the
Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption (CAC/COSP/2008/2). The
UNODC states that "[c]orruption undermines democratic institutions, slows economic development and contributes
to governmental instability." Ergo, corruption weakens the very institutions capable of preventing transnational
crime. Further, according to the UNODC "[m]oney is the prime reason for engaging in almost any type of criminal
activity." E.g. "[t]errorists and terrorist organizations...rely on money to sustain themselves and to carry out terrorist
acts." Hence, Bhutan perceives allaying corruption and money laundering as incipient necessities to combating
transnational crime and promoting socioeconomic development. Bhutan continues to work through regional and
international organizations such as INTERPOL, SAARC, UNODC, Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development, Asian Development Bank, and Asia/Pacific Group, especially in addressing corruption and supporting
Anti-Money Laundering (AML) initiatives. Further, many actions are taken to stymie organized crime in Bhutan
through domestic agencies, such as the Anti-Corruption Commission, and laws, such as the Bhutan Penal Code Act
in 2004, a domestic AML law. Although Bhutan commends the actions of the aforementioned IGOs and adheres to
the requests of the Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption, the effectiveness of the Conventions actions remains weak and member state participation is deficient. In order to achieve
the great potential of this convention in mitigating corruption, Bhutan calls upon the UN to create a Special Rapporteur for the purpose of aiding Member States in the implementation of the Convention and the dissemination of information regarding programs, plans, practices and legal and administrative measures taken to implement the Con-
vention. Finally, Bhutan encourages Member States to participate in regional AML systems, as this problem necessitates multilateral trafficking, legal enforcement, and deterrence of illicit funds and money-laundering.
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!
Code: GA1/1
Committee: General Assembly First Committee
Subject: Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in Africa
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Alarmed by the fact that according to the African Union Department on Small Arms, one hundred
million out of the five hundred million illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) in
circulation are currently found in Africa and further observing difficulty of tracing unregistered
weapons,
Deeply regretting the illicit manufacture, transfer, and circulation of SALW and their
accumulation and spread within Africa as a threat to international peace and stability and a major
factor of incidence in impoverishment of this continent,
Reaffirming the legitimacy of legal trade, manufacturing, and ownership of arms as the right of
each Member State to acquire weapons for self-defense purposes as stated in Article 51 of the
United Nations Charter,
Recalling the obligation of Member States to fully comply with arms embargoes as enacted by
the United Nations Security Council resolutions such as S/RES/1493 (2003) and S/RES/1556
(2004) in accordance with Chapter VII of the UN charter,
Taking note that the Cotonou Agreement (2000), which establishes the need to train civil society
and national organizations while assisting Member States in their efforts in combating the illicit
trade of SALW,
Expressing its appreciation to the efforts of Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in
developing programs to provide education and job training for former militia fighters, as well as
for civilians, in order to improve their literacy and self-sufficiency in order to better enable their
reintegration into civil society,
Recalling Resolution A/RES/61/89 (2006), which identifies the absence of a common
international standard on the import, export, and transfer of conventional arms contribution,
leading to increases in the number of refugees, internally displaced persons, and children
involved in conflict,
Recognizing with approval the precedents established by existing national legislations in the
implementation of UN policies, yet acknowledging that such legislations can be improved by
Member States through coordination of said legislation with regional and international bodies,
Realizing that the tackling of the illicit trade of SALW can be improved not only by monetary
assistance from other Member States, but also by sharing intellectual expertise of Member States
wishing to implement policies,
Seriously concerned by the close link between terrorism, organized crime, drug trafficking and
the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons,
Noting with satisfaction the effectiveness of bilateral and multilateral approaches in the
destruction of small arms and light weapons promoted by Article 19 of the Programme of Action
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to Prevent, Combat, and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons In All Its
Aspects (PoA) of 2001,
The General Assembly,
1) Calls upon all Member States to reaffirm their commitment to combat the illicit trade of
small arms and light weapons as stated in the PoA ;
2) Encourages Member States to ratify international treaties against illicit arms trade, such
as but not limited to, the pending Arms Trade Treaty, the UN Firearms Protocol(2001),
and the Wassenaar Arrangement (1996), under which signatories agree to refrain from
exporting weapons to conflict areas where they are likely to fall into the hands of militias
and criminal organizations;
3) Recommends increasing support and funding, on a voluntary basis, for NGOs,
governments, and international organisations across Africa the reintegration and
rehabilitation of former militia members, SALW disarmament and demobilization
through:
a) Expanding educational and job training programs through the UN
Development Programme (UNDP) to improve the literacy and self-sufficiency
of former militia members, in order to better enable their reintegration into
civil society, thereby reducing the misuse of SALWs and weakening the
militias that commit atrocities and provide the majority of the demand for more
SALWs;
b) The voluntary participation of Member States in training, upon request,
African governments under the supervision of the UN Office on Drugs and
Crime (UNODC) in effective law enforcement measures such as better control
techniques and more efficient police tactics aimed at curbing the illegal flow of
small arms purchased by militias, terrorist groups, drug traffickers, and other
illegitimate organizations;
c) The development of domestic educational campaigns to promote awareness to
its citizens about what illicit arms trade entails and its impact on the world by
following the models of similar awareness campaigns in Latin America in
conjunction with Amnesty International;
4) Suggests Member States who have dealt with these matters previously, as well as NGOs,
who are specifically invested in the issue, to offer not only monetary assistance to the
matters of SALW but also offer regional experts who can advise through their counseling
and expertise to any willing African Member State on:
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Helping the Member State with enhancing transparency in their policies on
SALW and facilitating the information flow between all Member States;
b. Training established police and military forces to be more effective at
combating the illicit arms trade;
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c. Recommendations of further regular voluntary status reports in full faith of
compliance with all participating organizations;
5) Further recommends the establishment and advancement of security sector reforms and
initiatives in affected Member States so as to provide a better security climate and remove
the need for SALW through:
a. Increasing the training of police and reforming the judicial systems to provide
an effective rule of law to be determined by the experts and representatives of
participating Member States;
b. The professionalization and anti-corruption training and governmental
assistance by:
i. Strengthening ties and relationships between all levels of
government staff;
ii. Increasing the transparency and accountability with the actions of
said governments;
iii. Helping said governments maintain the consistency of the
implemented policies amongst their national executors;
6)
Encourages multilateral cooperation for the destruction of stockpiles of illegal weapons,
including the disarmament of illicit organizations within Africa by:
a) Calling upon the UN Office of Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) to assist any
African Member States that desire help in destroying those stockpiles;
b) Supporting bilateral partnership between developed and developing Member States
in the creation of efficient weapons destruction programs.
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Code: GA1/1/2
Committee: General Assembly First Committee
Subject: Illicit Trade of Small Arms and Light Weapons in Africa
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Alarmed by the large numbers of casualties in African states and many others countries among
the world as a result of the use of illicit small arms and weapons,
Reaffirming the vital importance of the 2000 Bamako Declaration and the United Nations
Program of Action (PoA) as robust international documents, which are essential in mobilizing
political will at an international level and aimed at addressing the multi-faceted challenges and
developments of illicit trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW),
Deeply concerned by the illicit manufacture, transfer, and circulation of SALW and their
excessive accumulation and uncontrolled spread in many regions of Africa with its wide range of
humanitarian and socio-economic consequences, as well as the close link between terrorism,
organized crime, trafficking in drugs and precious minerals that affects all citizens,
Bearing in mind the right of Member States to manufacture, import, and retain small arms and
light weapons in exercising their inherent right to individual and collective self-defense in
accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter,
Emphasizing that governments bear the primary responsibility for preventing, combating, and
eradicating the illicit trade of SALW in all its aspects,
Stressing the importance of international cooperation and efforts aimed at combating illicit trade
from both a supply and a demand perspective,
Recognizing the need to strengthen international legal frameworks, such as the Disarmament,
Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) in Africa to maintain control over private ownerships
of small arms,
Reaffirming Resolutions A/RES/46/36 (1992), A/RES/50/70 B (1995), A/52/298 (1997),
A/54/258 (1999), and A/RES/61/90 (2006),
Further reaffirming Resolution A/RES/64/48 (2009),
Taking into account the Group of Governmental Experts established by the General Assembly
Resolution 56/24 (2001),
Believing in the Bamako Declaration (1997) that appeals for an African Common Position on the
illicit propagation, distribution, and trafficking of SALW,
Considering The Nairobi Protocol (2004) as one of the best practice guidelines that specifies the
criteria for the transfer of arms,
Noting the link between illicit drug trafficking and firearms trafficking,
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Reaffirming the Economic Community Of West African States (ECOWAS) Convention that
establishes a ban on all international SALW transfers, except those required for legitimate self­
defense and security needs or for peace support operations,
Recognizing the work of the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA), which is
effective and places all its efforts towards defining its terms to the International Commission,
The General Assembly,
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Encourages the Community Arms and Destruction Program of Sierra Leone to develop
and build capacity among African stakeholders by developing a regular and sustainable
evaluation process, exchanging education and jobs for arms in Africa, while also providing
technical support;
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Calls the African Union to act as a mediator in order to provide a more constructive
dialogue between African states and the international community in the future;
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Further invites Member States who have not yet submitted their UNPoA national report
on SALW, which was due in 2011, to do so by the end of 2012;
4) Emphasizes the importance of addressing this issue by starting with strong national
measures, such as strict regulations of arms control, trade, exports and imports in the
establishment, purchase, and sale of SALW licenses;
5) Highlights the need to improve and expand the pre-existing and cost-effective SALW broker
register system under the United Nations Regional Center for Peace and Disarmament
(UNREC), for the purpose of preventing legalized arms from being transported to
unauthorized destinations:
a. Brokers are those who are involved in the buying, selling, and arranging of arms, or
involved in negotiations dealing with the transfer of SALW between states, and
should submit information including but not limited to the name of the broker or
broker entity, the address of the register applicant, and contact number of register
applicant;
b. The registered list of brokers should be disclosed to customs offices to enhance
coordinated action from different state actors;
c. The registered information should be reviewed by United Nations Office for
Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) on a three-year basis;
6) Suggests that Member States implement national legislation to regulate brokering activity
related to the licensing of SALW;
7) Further recommends all Member States to harmonize the licensing system of arms under the
United Nations Register on Conventional Arms (UNRCA), which should be expanded to
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include SALW, for the purpose of implementing International Tracing Instruments (ITIs),
making weapons more traceable, and disarming civilians who do not have the proper
licenses while extending the system to where:
a. Trace markings on SALW should be able to provide user information, the countries
of origin and destination, and the date of the certificate;
b. National reports on arms licenses should be disclosed, with information on the
number of licenses issued, the value of issued licenses, the value of all arms exports;
c. UNODA OR INTERPOL would come to the assistance of the Member State should
an unauthorized user of a SALW is identified;
8) Considers that information of the license should be provided to Members States, especially
states of the African region, in order to ensure transparency;
9) Invites all Member States to conduct further research on the building of an international
biometric tracing instrument recommended by the Program of Action (2005) in addition to
the full implementation and the improvement of pre-existing ITI’s:
10) Encourages manufacturing countries, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament
Research (UNIDIR) and the Register of Conventional Arms of the UNODA, and other UN
and international bodies concerned with disarmament, to conduct advanced research into the
development of durable serial numbers and tracking devices for SALWs;
11) Recommends the formation of National Focal Points (NFPs) for each Member State in
Africa for the purpose of collecting illicit weapons from citizens throughout their specific
Member States:
a. Emphasizing that the Member State’s government must first give its consent so as to
not impose on national sovereignty;
b. Inviting UNODA to provide a trained expert in education, technologies, and health
for each participating Member State in order to enhance understanding and develop
recommendations, so as well as to oversee the actions of the committee and confirm
they are legitimate;
c. Recommending the UNPoA to provide supplies after receiving documented proof,
evidencing the needs of the individual, including but not limited to: food, such as
rice; medicine; education; technological support and provisions, such as mosquito
nets;
d. Calling upon Member States to donate to the mentioned bodies if they have the
capacity to do so on a voluntary and suggested yearly basis, particularly those
Member States producing weapons;
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e. Further recommending a year-long test period of the systems to be reviewed and
evaluated by experts, NGOs such as UNODA, UNICEF, United Nations
Development Program, and UNREC in order to test its benefits and deficiencies
before implementing it in the whole of Africa;
f. Advising that such collected weapons are to be properly disposed of by destroying
and recycling them for their raw materials;
12) Encourages Member States to enhance efforts to collect, maintain, and share key
socioeconomic indicators as an acknowledge that security and development are
interconnected;
13) Recommends that the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) guides the sharing and
collection of such information to be provided by African states on a voluntary basis;
14) Authorizes the UNODA to conduct training for the African customs staff in order to increase
local customs staffs’ ability to respond to the situations of illicit trade forthcoming and to
put special attention on the promotion on mutual respect for the principles of sovereignty,
integrity, and transparency;
15) Further requests the promotion of voluntary and cooperative border controls without any
monetary obligations, including maritime and air transfer regime under the guidance of the
United Nations Regional Center for Peace and Disarmament (UNREC) and World Customs
Organization (WCO);
16) Considers strengthening cooperation among relevant sanctions using monitoring groups and
databases that will be guided by intelligence agencies, peacekeeping missions, Member
States, and relevant regional and international organizations, as structures that can help to
reduce the illicit trade of SALW in Africa;
17) Encourages the African Union and regional bodies to work with the United Nations
Children's Fund, United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) the
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) to implement community programs which
focus on reducing the impact of illicit SALW trade on a community level;
18) Further invites all Member States to reinforce their national legislation and administrative
controls in order to prevent the misuse of SALW;
19) Believes that the storage of SALW should be addressed through the management, marking,
tracing, and record-keeping of stockpiles in order to prevent SALW from falling into the
hands of belligerent regimes and non-state actors;
20) Fully believes that ad-hoc transitional justice is paramount to the completion of the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in post conflict African states, with measures
including prosecutions, truth commissions, reparations, and institutional reforms:
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a. Recommending prosecutions or the granting of amnesty of persons suspected of
human rights violations as a means of achieving the Millennium Development
Goals;
b. Further recommending truth commissions at local and national levels to inquire into
previous abuse patterns, including but not limited to war crimes and human rights
violations;
c. Suggesting reparations on behalf of victims against perpetrators in order to promote
transparency and trust among citizens and governments;
d. Emphasizing the importance of institutional reforms aimed towards the prevention of
violent conflicts, crimes, and human rights abuses by transforming the climate where
such conflicts arise.
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Code: GA1/3
Committee: General Assembly First Committee
Subject: Illicit Trade of Small Arms and Light Weapons in Africa
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Recalling Article 2 Section 1 of the United Nations Charter which upholds the sovereignty of
every Member State as inalienable and inherent,
Fully believing that each Member State has an inherent right of self-defense in accordance with
Article 51 of the UN Charter,
Deeply Concerned by the violence and human suffering caused by the continued circulation of
illicit small arms and light weapons, which is in part magnified by the inadequate control and
collection mechanisms of small arms and light weapons in circulation around the world,
Alarmed by the inadequate control and collection mechanisms of small arms and light weapons
(SALW) in post-conflict situations,
Recognizing the imperative need for African states to play a leading role in proposed counter­
SALW activities on the African continent;
Stressing the importance of the implementation and follow-up of the 2000 Bamako Declaration
for its denouncement of the proliferation concerning armed conflicts in Africa;
Further stressing the 2010 Kinshasa Convention that calls for a control of SALW in Central
Africa and the 2006 Economic Community of West African States Convention (ECOWAS),
whose mission is to promote economic integration in all fields of economic activity,
Applauding the sessions of the Conference on the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) and the negotiations
between Member States on the eradication of a broad spectrum of weapons, including small arms
and light weapons,
Fully supporting the 2001 United Nations Program of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate
the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (PoA), commending the
progress in the mitigation of the proliferation of SALW,
Welcoming the efforts of Member States that have displayed a strong commitment to the
implementation of the PoA despite the financial constraints they may be undertaking given the
current financial crisis,
Deeply convinced that the Submission of voluntary Reports is a crucial Aspect to the
implementation and monitoring of the PoA,
Emphasizing the need for cooperation and peer review within regional blocks to ensure that states
are incompliance with SALW eradication initiatives,
Underlining the African Union Strategy on the Control of Illicit Proliferation, Circulation and
trafficking of small arms and light weapons adopted in September 2011,
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Recognizing the importance of strict stockpiling in preventing the illicit trade of small arms and
light weapons,
Welcoming the establishment and accomplishments of the 1985 United Nations Regional Centre
for Disarmament and Peace in Africa (UNREC),
Gravely concerned about the casualties, collateral damage, and violence that take place as a result
of the illicit trade of SALW in Africa, as laid out in the Secretary General Report on Small Arms
(S/2011/255),
Recalling Resolution A/RES/55/255 (2001),
Keeping in mind the Report of the Open-ended Working Group to Negotiate an International
Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small
Arms and Light Weapons A/RES/60/88 (2005),
Further recalling resolutions A/RES/61/89 (2006) and A/RES/64/48 (2010), both of which calls
for the necessity of developing and implementing international common standards for arms
transfer and trade, and especially of a legally binding document, as well as the Report of the
Group of Governmental Experts A/RES/63/334 (2008) on the subject,
Further recalling resolutions A/RES/65/64 (2011) and A/RES/66/47 (2012) on Illicit Trade in
Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, as well as the resolution A/RES/63/23 (2009)
on Promoting Development through the Reduction and Prevention of Armed Violence,
Further recalling resolution A/RES/66/49 (2012) regarding Compliance with non-proliferation,
arms limitation and disarmament agreements and commitments,
The General Assembly,
1) Recommends a top-down approach to implement increased border and internal
security measures available to all Member States upon request, which would entail:
a. Providing technical assistance by expert panels such as the Global Disarmament
and Arms Control (CODUN) and the Informal Council Working Group on Arms
Control (COARM), support for the Economic Community of West African States
(ECOWAS) initiatives;
b. Advising all African states to collaborate and exchange information to enhance
customs legal framework uniformity among bordering Member States;
c. Strengthening the implementation of the measures in the PoA regarding advanced
training policies as measures to ensure population security and lead to a lesser
demand for small arms and light weapons;
2) Encourages African states to enforce previously existing protocols under the PoA
with regards to weapons collection programs to dispose and dismantle weapons
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stockpiles and arms in post conflict societies and to facilitate the recovery of lost or
stolen weapons to reduce their accessibility;
3) Decides to establish an Ad-hoc Liaison Stockpiling Instructor Groups (LOCKINGS)
aimed at the long-term abolishment of stockpiling deficiencies by:
a. Assisting Member States experts in the search for applicable stockpiling sites as
well as management and control of said stockpiles;
b. Training personnel in order to enable African states to maintain stockpiles safely;
c. Administering stockpiles of SALW, under the auspices of the Regional Centre for
Peace and Disarmament in Africa (UNREC) of the United Nations Office for
Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) in Africa;
d. Requesting the allocation of funds from the United Nations Office of Programme
Planning, Budget and Accounts;
4) Recommends the LOCKINGS initiative to be administered by a special LOCKINGS
Coordinator who will be appointed by the UNREC for a three-years term and whose
mandate will include:
a. Collecting and publishing annually-written statements at the PoA Review
Conferences from all volunteering Member States willing to share expertise and
knowledge in the area of stockpiling;
b. Requesting assistance from those Member States willing to help African states;
c. Mediating Member States’ assistance with requests from recipient African states;
d. Implementing all mission specifications of LOCKINGs on a case-by-case basis;
5) Instructs Member States’ to implement domestic initiatives to demobilize foreign
agents engaged in the illicit trade of SALW;
6) Encourages Member States to reconsider their respective trade embargoes, sanctions
and related policies to support information and technology sharing for better
management of post-conflict societies while providing access to security tools for
improved border control and stockpiling management;
7) Recognizes the trade of small arms and light weapons to be legal:
a. When involving recognized governments;
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b. Where the trade of SALW is undertaken within the exercise of the sovereign right
of Member States;
c. In strict respect with the right of self-defense held by all Member States as
recognized under Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations;
8) Suggests Member States to analyze the possibility of implementing an amnesty
program whereby civilians in possession of illegal arms would be allowed to turn in
their weapons and placing them under control of the respective government without
fear of prosecution;
9) Further recommends the consideration of developing an advanced tracking device
technology such as Radio-Frequency Identification chips (RFID) chips as a viable tool
to track weapons so as to:
a. Simplify and streamline the process of maintaining said weapons database;
b. Help ensure accountability in the trade of SALW;
10) Recommends the implementation of the Find-Account-Recycle Strategy (FAR) which:
a. Calls for the stockpiling of acquired weapons in secure areas, or safe weapons
deposits (SWD) recognized as secure by the African Union, utilizing the UN
Register of Conventional Arms as a comprehensive source of all acquired weapons
in order to keep track of their circulation or previous distribution;
b. Encourages Member States to implement melting and recycle programs for
acquired weapons in an environmentally friendly manner;
c. Promotes Member States to refrain from producing new arms by using the melted
metal of recycled weapons;
11) Encourages continued innovation in preventive technologies in the firearms industry,
as they are essential in securing the safety of Member States, through:
a. Encouraging the dissemination of biometric firearms safety technologies to private
and state arms manufacturers to prevent the use of illicitly gained small and light
firearms;
b. Applying RFID technologies as a stepping stone in the direction of adopting
biometric firearms safety technologies as an economic and practical technology;
c. Encouraging the transparent development and dissemination of tracking and
electronic access control mechanisms technologies while respecting the rights of
intellectual property of states and private industries;
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d. Recommending Member States to provide economic incentives for states,
independent manufacturers and individuals to develop firearms safety control
mechanisms technologies;
e. Recognizing the voluntary adoption of these technologies as gestures of good will
and humanitarianism;
12) Suggests Member States to ratify the Arms Trade Treaty upon its ratification;
13) Requests Member States, especially those who have yet to do so, to continue to
provide national progress reports to the PoA-ISS, UN Commodity Trade database,
and UN Register on Conventional Arms, so as to enable Member States to
communicate their specific assistance needs as well as rendering assistance if enabled
to do so;
14) Recommends all Member States that have not yet done so to establish or designate, as
appropriate, a point of contact to act as liaison on matters relating to the
implementation of the UNPoA and International Training Instrument (ITI), with the
aim to:
a. Encourage the subsidiaries of the PoA to work with liaison offices at the regional
level followed by national level processes;
b. Create and implement an overseeing body under the United Nation Office for
Disarmament Affairs (UNODA):
c. Consolidate the efforts of South African Development Community, Regional
Center on Small Arms, United Nation Commission on Criminal Prevention and
Criminal Justice, to create a more comprehensive and open organization to
increase overall efficiency and decrease the likelihood of corruption;
15) Calls upon the aforementioned organizations to maintain consistent and open
communication and file bi-yearly reports consisting of their programs, successes,
failures, and future recommendations;
16) Requests that funding for these SALW initiatives be:
a. Provided on a voluntary basis by willing donor states and international
disarmament funds;
b. Provided in such a manner that each state contributes a percentage of less than
100% to a given program wherein the full 100% of required funding shall be met
by several different states, but preventing any one of the several states from
arbitrarily dictating the conditions of the funding;
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c. Given to recipient states as a condition of their continuous participation with the
United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) Conventional Weapons
Register, and compliance with aforementioned regional disarmament offices and
databases, which shall include accurate and truthful record keeping updates;
d. Given to assist states in implementing the ECOWAS Convention and Moratorium,
the West African Action Network on Small Arms (WANSA), and South African
Development Community Initiative (SADC) firearms protocols;
e. Only applicable to SALW programs contained within this resolution so that pre­
existing funding channels are not subject to these funding controls and these new
funding regulations only apply to funds for programs described in the present
document;
f. Directed towards improving the capacity of Member States to enact counter­
SALW operational measures, including but not limited to increased border
security, Sustained Silent Readers (SSR), Digital Rights Management (DRM)
programs, joint operations exercises, increased training and technical assistance,
material support, and transnational communications assistance;
g. Undertaken by the African Union and the African Development Bank to expand
the jurisdiction of the New Partnership For Africa’s Development Program
(NEPAD);
h. Be responsible for collecting funding from donors and consolidating all funds into
the Grand African Disarmament Fund (GADF) which shall then be disbursed
through regional disarmament offices and used for SALW initiatives on counter­
SALW activities;
17) Encourages Member States to initiate SALW aid-for-arms programs that will be
implemented once states have shown substantial success, at which point these
programs will recommend opening the opportunity for investment into such a
program to the military organizations of Member States and any private sector
corporations currently engaged in the trade of SALW through production, distribution
or sale:
a. Additionally, governments and corporations would be able to purchase SALW for
any purpose including but not limited to melting the weapons into reusable
materials;
b. These materials may be used within afflicted states to further develop their
infrastructure or be sold in traditional manners;
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c. All payments in this manner shall be funneled through regional NGOs and
allocated to the supplying party in the form of aid- such as food, medical supplies,
and other basic fundamental needs;
18) Suggests that Member States analyze the possibility of implementing an amnesty
program where civilians in possession of illegal arms would be allowed to turn in their
weapons without fear of prosecution and placing them under control of the individual
states;
19) Further recommends the regulation of aforementioned private sector corporations by
requiring contracts to be allocated through an overseeing body:
a. For the purchase of SALW, organizations shall pay a modest surcharge if the
SALW are sold to a location outside the borders of the state selling the weapons;
b. This surcharge shall be paid to the regional organizations and NGOs, to aid the
development of that state;
c. All surcharge payments shall be primary allocated to fund the programs suggested
by this resolution;
20) Requests that all bodies and organizations partaking in the aid for arms program will
uphold the tagging and marking procedures previously stated, upon receiving said
purchased weapons;
21) Affirms the importance of regulating such aid for arms purchases by creating a
standard quota of which states can participate in the purchase of these weapons and
the number of contracts that can be held or issued to each Member State:
a. All interested private sector corporations should be thoroughly screened as to
affirm their legitimacy and uphold the goals of this committee;
b. Countries residing in conflict areas in general will be highly limited in the
purchase of such previously illicit SALW, so as to decrease the overall amount of
SALW in Africa;
22) Calls for a wider and improved implementation of the ITI by:
a. Urging the addition of weapon tracing to be put on the a mandate of Peacekeeping
troops;
b. Requesting Member States to seek the widest possible exchange of information to
trace illicit trading in SALW;
c. Encouraging Member States to provide greater technical assistance in ITI
implementation;
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d. Emphasizing the importance of cooperating with INTERPOL when it pertains to
tracing mechanisms and weapon data-basing;
23) Strongly emphasizes the creation of databases on the national level in all African
states;
24) Calls for a regional standardization in arms marking in Africa for the establishment of
user certificates under the existing ITI standards in order to mark and periodically
control SALW with the goal of establishing an export license authority:
a. A listing of the arms sales by producers should be provided to states in order to
ensure transparency and allowing the UN to hold discrepancy over definitions of
illegal and legal trade. This listing will be submitted to UN Register of
Conventional Arms;
b. Export licensing authorities should collect information on the exporter, the end
user, the dates of shipping, the countries of origin and destination, and measures to
prevent sales to a third party;
c. The regional standard framework will be monitored by the African Union (AU)
and its Secretariat;
d. Regional recognized manufacturers of SALW would be required to abide by this
standardization;
25) Recommends that the ATT extend their mandate to include a body to address
monitoring, marking and tracibility of SALW;
26) Encourages the creation of a working group in the PoA devoted to expanding the
Wassenaar Arrangement so as to facilitate greater responsibility and transparency
amongst SALW exporting states, and to investigate the possibility of including SALW
importing states as well as further exporting countries in the aforementioned
Arrangement;
27) Supports militia reintegration programs to be established within willing sovereign
African states to curtail the demand of illicit arms trade by obtaining aid from the
Small Arms Survey, considering that Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration
(DDR) are essential foundries and that Security Sector Reform (SSR) are the basic
elements to be addressed;
28) Emphasizes the required Security Sector Reforms and Disarmament, Demobilization,
Reintegration in order to create a more ethical police and military force which will be
aimed at curbing corruption incidence within these institutions;
29) Expresses its hope to see regional and sub-regional cooperation between African
states to insure the success of the implementation of the PoA, and thus believes states
will, on a voluntary basis, acquire benefits by initiating peace accords between all
parties of a conflict in order to conform with the predispositions of DDR, program
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that can only be implemented in a context of negotiated settlement, ceasefire or peace
agreement, which are:
a. Safe environment in the post-conflict zones including ceasefire, respect for
public order and equitable implementation of the disarmament program under
the assistance of UNRWA or any other external observer and peacekeeper;
b. All parties should be included simultaneously in the DDR program where no
discrimination against ownership would be present;
c. Instauration of political agreement defining the end of hostilities and
reinforcing the agreement as a form of security guaranty and confidence
building measures;
d. Efficient coordination of local and national actors;
e. Sufficient fund for the implementation of the DDR program;
30) Invites the international community to participate in a global summit in Nairobi on
June 2012, which will ultimately highlight the details of this resolution and welcome
multilateral cooperation and negotiation.
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Code: GA 1/4
Committee: General Assembly First Committee
Subject: Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in Africa
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Recognizing the need for regulation of illicit trafficking of Small Arms and Light Weapons
(SALW) and reducing the existing supply thereof in the African continent, as stated in
A/RES/63/52 (2008) and A/RES/66/30 (2011),
Observing the devastating effects of the illicit trade of SALW, which has caused an estimated 60
to 90% of casualties in armed conflicts,
Alarmed by the capacity of the illicit trade to sustain numerous illegal operations such as drug
trafficking, organized crime and terrorism leading to human rights violations,
Realizing Member States’ capabilities to govern their own people and secure their own
territories, but also acknowledging the lack of international guidelines for border control,
Emphasizing the importance of the 2001 Program of Action to Prevent, Combat, and Eradicate
the Illicit Trade of Small Arms and Light Weapons in All of Its Aspects (PoA), specifically
clause 13, which emphasizes state responsibility as primary,
Reaffirming clause 15 of the Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit
Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects (A/CONF.192/15), which reaffirms
international cooperation as paramount in the disarmament process,
Deeply concerned over the important nature of the continuous recognition of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), and more specifically Articles 3, 5, and 12 dealing with a
person’s right to life and safety,
Recalling that illicit trade in SALW prevents effective use of humanitarian and economic
resources, thereby increasing the number of refugees, criminal activities and child soldiers,
Bearing in mind the lack of funding and the increasing need for assistance and partnerships in the
African continent,
Recognizing the efforts made by the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR)
program in the contexts of children soldiers in Africa,
The General Assembly,
1) Condemns the illicit proliferation of SALWs throughout the African continent, which
causes the deaths of hundreds of thousands of innocent people annually;
2) Calls upon the United Nations Development Programme to assist African states in the
establishment and strengthening of ammunitions depots by providing knowledge and
expertise in the development of dismantling facilities and the training of personnel;
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3) Promotes an incentive, known as Define, Strengthen, Promote (DSP), which will work
towards defining specific regulations to create transparency in the manufacture, purchase,
ownership, and trade of SALW through:
a. Strengthening the International Tracing Instruments (ITI) with more
responsibility and power in reporting the stockpiles of weapons and
ammunition to the United Nations;
b. Promoting collective foreign investment by creating partnerships between the
World Bank and African Development Bank to centralize loans and to prevent
improper influence of external forces;
4) Invites African Member States to work with United Nations agencies and other regional
organizations in the development of efficient border controls through capacity-building in
expertise and technology;
5) Recommends the expansion of the UN Register of Conventional Arms within the purview
of the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs Information and Outreach branch;
the expansion of the Register will be at the disposal of the African Union as well as other
regional IGOs to included an eighth category to the Register focused on SALWs to
further assist in transparency in tracking SALWs;
6) Urges manufacturers and importers to adopt the practice of uniquely marking each small
arm to improve transparency in the arms industry;
7) Calls upon Member States to increase funding in aid to Africa, paying special attention to
programs and measures that promote arms awareness;
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Code: GA2/1/1
Committee: General Assembly
Subject: Fresh Water Management and Economic Development
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Reaffirming UN Resolution A/64/292 which declares access to clean water as a universal human
right,
Recalling the success of UN Resolution A/55/L.2, which seeks to halve the number of people
without access to clean water and sanitation as one of the Millennium Development Goals,
Noting that the goal for access to clean water has been reached, but that efforts need to be
redoubled on sanitation,
Recalling UN Resolution A/58/217, which declares 2005-2015 the International Decade for
Action, “Water for Life,”
Deeply regretting that lack of access to freshwater and sanitation disproportionately affects those
who live in rural areas, who are twice as likely to lack access to clean water,
Recognizing the difficulties of rural areas to participate in knowledge sharing and network
building due to insufficient information technology infrastructure,
Acknowledging the system of Gross National Happiness, which places emphasis on Good
Governance, Equitable and Sustainable Development, Conservation of the Environment and
Preservation of Culture,
Guided by the principle that environmentally conscious decisions serve to promote clean water
access in the future, as well as prevent the situation from deteriorating due to global climate
change, drought, and other environmental hazards,
Fully realizing the economic impediments in linking rural areas with investors,
Encouraged by the positive effects of microfinance and its potential impact upon the
development of freshwater management projects, especially in rural areas, and
Recognizing the need for increasing levels of financing for water management projects, as well
as appropriate recording of these, as recommended by the United Nations Conference on
Sustainable Development,
The General Assembly,
1. Calls upon all Member States to continue to contribute to the surveys of the UN
Commission on Sustainable Development to make the Rio+20 Water Resource Report
more comprehensive and evidence-based, with special emphasis on rural regions and the
Least Developed Countries in order to identify areas that would benefit most from
economic aid;
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2. Calls upon the UN Water Activity Information System (UNWAIS+) to expand its
existing virtual database to include the new United Nations Initiative for Technology
Transfer and Engagement in the Development of Water (UNITED WATER), in order to
increase all types of water management project financing and their information network,
especially in rural areas, by:
a. Allowing for the creation of water management potential project profiles by
governments, civil society and non-governmental organizations to be available to the
public at large, including private and public creditors and donors to further encourage
the development of water management projects, empower civil society, and enhance
communication between the parties involved about the investment and funding
opportunities available;
b. Encouraging donors to post the outlines of potential water management project grants
or loans that they are willing to fund partially or wholly, in an effort to better connect
all available project ideas and funding possibilities, paying special attention to rural­
area projects and microfinance as a way of making these projects self-sustainable;
c. Incorporating an evaluation and scoring mechanism for borrowers and lenders based
on criteria that can be chosen and sorted by prospective users of the program, but
ultimately chosen at the discretion of UNWAIS+, in order to promote transparency of
the funding process and project development and therefore increase the likelihood of
financial activity;
d. Encouraging a preference for funding for projects that take into account human
survival first before all others;
e. Connecting governments, civil society, non-governmental organizations, creditors
and donors in an effort to make water development projects more accessible both at a
macro and microeconomic scale;
f. Promoting transparency and good faith by encouraging Member States to allow
access to representatives of UN WATER in order to evaluate the use of finances
channeled through UNITED WATER at least once annually or as recommended by
UN WATER, or at the request of recipient nations;
3. Further calls upon UN Water, non-governmental organizations and Member States to
utilize pre-existing infrastructure and information channels whenever possible to enable
rural stakeholders’ use of this database by:
a.
Establishing an information campaign that raises awareness of this database in
rural areas;
b.
Furthering the effectiveness of water-saving techniques by providing information
on less water-intensive rural industries and methods to use water efficiently and
properly to ensure the least amount of economic waste;
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Providing workshops on how to best utilize the data base and its potential
benefits;
d.
Dispatching representatives of UN Water to remote areas without internet access
to serve as an intermediary between UNITED WATER and rural areas as
requested by recipient nations;
4. Encourages Member States and prospective users of UNWAIS+ to consider
environmental approaches and:
a. To build on the 2011 International Year of the Forest, and encourage reforestation
and preservation efforts, as trees prevent flooding, erosion, and climate change as
well as preserve water sheds and filter out contaminants, to be guided by the
principles of the United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing
Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries;
b. To promote the development of alternative energy sources such as solar
geothermal, hydroelectric and wind power through the United Nations
Department of Economic and Social Affairs;
c. To further promote environmental stewardship by facilitating the development of
small-scale sanitation enterprises and provide education on the proper usage of
fertilizers and other industrial materials, utilizing the lessons learned UN­
HABITAT Sanitation and Trust Fund;
5. Calls upon non-governmental organizations, lending nations, and microfinance
organizations to offer lending opportunities regardless of unique cultural values,
including, but not limited to religious or irreligious affiliation;
6. Encourages the consideration of microfinance programmes as an effective and efficient
tool for the empowerment and accountability of the communities, particularly its female
members, involved in the water development projects, especially allowing rural
stakeholders' access to capital needed for water management programmes that would
allow for increased economic activity and the possibility to provide alternate, less water­
intensive industries, including but not limited to:
a. Irrigation systems that will ensure the possibility of growing otherwise
unavailable crops;
b. Flood control programmes that will ensure the possibility of protecting businesses
and furthering economic stability;
c. More effective systems for water sanitation such as re-use of water where
applicable.
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Code: GA2/1/2
Committee: General Assembly
Subject: Fresh Water Management and Economic Development
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Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and A/RES/64/292, proclaiming
the right to access for fresh and potable water as an integral component of the realization
of all human rights as well as the great importance of our world's fresh water systems
with respect to sustainable development, equitable access and environmental protection,
Guided by the principles of A/RES/55/196, which proclaimed 2003 the International Year
of Freshwater, A/RES/58/217, which recognizes 2005-2015 as the International Decade
for Action, “Water for Life,” A/RES/61/192, which declared 2008 the International Year
of Sanitation, A/RES/65/154, which identifies 2003 as the International Year of Water
Cooperation, and A/RES/64/198 regarding the midterm comprehensive review of the
implementation of the International Decade for Action, which altogether urge greater
focus on water-related issues at all levels and on the implementation of water-related
programs and projects aimed at the achievement of the internationally agreed water­
related goals incorporated into Agenda 21,
Acknowledging that water management is necessary for sustainable development, and
facilitates the survival, cleanliness, and health of agriculture and food resources,
industries and energy,
Noting the report of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) stating
that the "judicious management of increasingly scarce resources is needed if benefits in
economic growth, hunger reduction, lifting individuals out of extreme poverty, and
ensuring environmental sustainability,"
Stressing the importance of the free flow of knowledge, of providing water management
education to citizens and of utilizing and managing water resources to the fullest, such as
the implementation of irrigation systems in agriculture,
Welcoming the roles of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund
(UNICEF), non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and regional entities in attaining the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),
Appreciating the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) for facilitating the
ecological projects for water supply, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
for implementation of MDGs concerning water and the United Nations Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO) for working collaboratively with Member States in
providing fresh water management in agriculture,
Recognizing the success of summits in addressing relevant environmental and resource
issues such as the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention to Combat
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Desertification (UNCCD) in Spain and Senegal and the International Symposium on
Water in Gabon,
Bearing in mind the specific needs and special situations of the least developed countries
in their actions with regard to funding and transfer of technology, as mentioned in Article
4 of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change,
Noting with deep concern that millions still lack access to an improved drinking water
source and the current indicators of drinking water access do not account for reliability or
sustainability,
Alarmed by increases in water-borne illness and the long-term costs to society due to
such diseases,
The General Assembly,
1. Emphasizes that discussions in regards to pollution control, management and
development of fresh water resources, the reusing and recycling of wastewater in
industrial and agricultural systems and the education and awareness of fresh water
should be maintained via regional discussions between Member States with viable
stakes to said water resource;
2. Recommends the role of the Human Rights Council in the protection of human
rights obligations related to safe drinking water and sanitation;
3. Calls for the continued acceptance of international treaties and law in regards to
water usage as stated in A/RES/63/124 on the Law of Transboundary Aquifers
and encourages Member States to discuss the allocation of said regional resources
through bilateral or regional arrangements such as the United Nations Water Task
Force on Transboundary Waters as well as the Southern African Development
Community to promote regional infrastructure development projects through
coordination between states which possess stakes in that water source and
recommend other Member States formulate and update water treaties as in the
instance of Sudan and South Sudan in reforming the 1959 Nile agreement
between Arab Republic of Egypt and Sudan within the Nile River Water Basin to
promote water sharing, and in an event of a disagreement between any Member
State which shares similar stake to a supply of water, the method of mediation
will be determined by the Member States involved in order to alleviate any
disagreement especially in the interest of regional security;
4. Calls upon Member States and international organizations to provide financial
resources, capacity-building, technical assistance and technology transfer
measures through international assistance and cooperation, in particular to
developing countries, in order to scale up efforts to provide safe, clean, accessible
and affordable drinking water and sanitation for all;
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5. Recommends Member States promote national education systems to improve
awareness and knowledge of their citizens managing fresh water resources;
6. Calls for UN-Water and NGOs, including the Water Education Foundation, to
take a more active initiative in educating citizens on fresh water management
including ways to promote efficient water usage and polluted water cleaning
techniques;
7. Encourages regional bodies to provide short-term solutions for situations
involving emergency shortages of water to aid against water rationing while
preventing inflationary spikes in the cost of attaining water;
8. Suggests that the UN funds and programs, including UNESCO, UNDP, UNEP
and FAO actively participate in knowledge-transfer programs in cooperation with
specialists in fresh water management and NGOs within Member States:
a. To transfer the technologies in frame of the mentioned programs;
b. To sensitize the public opinion of the Member States facing problems with
fresh water management by education programs in collaboration with
UNESCO specifying on the following issues such as:
i. The prevention of waste of drinking water and providing an access to pure
drinking water;
ii. The economic approaches to fresh water management including regional
management, public-private partnerships and attraction of investments in
this sector;
iii. The diversification of water usage in industrial, agricultural and domestic
sectors;
iv. Providing information on basic sanitation and prevention of pollution of
water;
v. Participating in regional cooperation in implementation of water education
programs;
9. Strongly recommends Member States, working together, implement a new,
independent body, the “Global Fund for Water Management and Agriculture
(GFWMA)” as modeled after the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and
Malaria (GFATM) by establishing public-private partnerships to fund the
development of region-specific crop biotechnology in order to:
a. Create sustainable crop varieties through advanced breeding techniques that
are less dependent on inputs, especially water, which has found prior success
via United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID);
b. Develop crops with funding from GFWMA, which shall be publicly-owned
technology to allow for quick and efficient dispersion of research and
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development discoveries through the use of an international network with
detailed information of current programs;
c. Implement private-public partnerships that would be entirely voluntary
between GFWMA and either public or private entities and that do not
overrule existing intellectual property protections as embodied by TRIPS and
bilateral agreements;
d. Act as a central point for receiving agricultural development aid and
allocating funds for region-specific research initiatives;
e. Promote irrigation technology, dry land forests and soil management
techniques, which must occur in unison with biotechnology to fully utilize
water resources, combat desertification and preserve aquifers;
f. Work in collaboration with FAO and NGOs in improving agricultural
practices for both subsistence and commercial farming by:
i. Reducing the amount of crops planted in locations that are otherwise too
barren to naturally sustain healthy harvests;
ii. Decreasing the number of flooding-based irrigation techniques;
iii. Finding additional methods of recycling and using waste water for
irrigation, especially in regions where large amounts of waste water are
generated and not disposed of properly;
iv. Providing opportunities for citizens to practice agriculture when adequate
resources and inputs are already available;
10. Endorses individual water processing facilities with respect to local geographies
and water sources by means of assessments by UN bodies such as UNEP or
NGOs endorsed by national parties on the local geography, especially for
developing states, including islands, which often have scarce fresh water sources,
and evaluating individualized solutions while explicitly avoiding general, across­
the-board solutions that may be detrimental to the local environment with the
purpose of ensuring that the member states are meeting the MDG7;
11. Recommends that Member States facing problems with fresh water management
to facilitate foreign direct investments and increase the private business
involvement into the water protection sectors in coordination with national
governments using fiscal mechanisms such as, but not limited to:
a. Tax deductions on capital investments and operational expenses to water
protection and security projects;
b. Subsidies and donation assistance to small and medium enterprises involved
into water;
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12. Calls for joint efforts to construct purpose-designed facilities recommended by
the assessment mentioned in the previous clause to address specific demands;
13. Recommends Member States to enforce national regulations and penalties to
curtail mismanagement of water resources;
14. Highlights the potential of urban agriculture for becoming an effective tool in
Integrated Water Resource Management and economic progress and urges
Member States to promote the implementation of urban agriculture projects via
such organizations as the FAO, UNDP and World Health Organization (WHO);
15. Requests the WHO/UNICEF Joint-Monitoring Program for Water Supply and
Sanitation to develop indicators to measure drinking water reliability,
sustainability, equity and non-discrimination;
16. Encourages Member States to collaborate with regional organizations in
providing annual UN-Water Activity Information System (UNWAIS+) reports on
water regulations, standards, laws and planning for water resources development
in order to facilitate common water projects between Member States.
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Code: GA2/1/3
Committee: General Assembly
Subject: Fresh Water Management and Economic Development
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Affirming the Declaration of 2005-2015 as the international decade of “Water for Life” according
to General Assembly Resolution A/RES/58/217 in 2003, to promote and facilitate efforts to
fulfill International commitments made concerning water by 2015,
Commends the United Nations-Water, covering programs and projects aimed at improving the
management of the world’s shared water resources, with the ultimate goal of supporting the
achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), in particular the seventh goal
concerning access to safe drinking water,
Congratulates the 2001 International Conference on Freshwater in Bonn for harmonizing views
of the developed and developing world and “impartially divulging practical implementation
problems”,
Noting the need for cooperation between developing and developed states, and the progress of
the Bonn Recommendations in the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) plan of
Implementation,
Bearing in mind that water is a scarce resource and that many regions of the globe are lacking
sufficient reserves to ensure the wellbeing of their populations,
Reiterating Article 3 section 17 of A/RES/55/2 of the Millennium Declaration, which recognizes
specific needs of small island states,
Considering that many countries today, particularly least-developed countries, are facing great
challenges regarding the access to clean water and its prevention from pollution due to the lack
of appropriate technology and infrastructure in managing freshwater,
Recognizing the importance of education in regards to the effective management of
fresh water resources,
Encouraging effective sharing of knowledge and technology between nations, in an effort to
optimize water usage,
Noting the sixth World Water Forum in Marseille, France, where water management was
prioritized by the participating nations and NGOs,
Convinced that further collaboration of between Member States and private institutions is fruitful
for the research and development of feasible solutions,
Remaining concerned by the slow and uneven progress on the issue of fresh water management
and sanitation, the Member States agree that sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic
sanitation must be provided,
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The General Assembly,
1. Suggests the establishment of a sub group, the Short-Term Water Assessment Team
(SWAT), under the UN Water agency and in conjunction with the Red Cross, to rapidly
diagnose and stabilize areas in critical short supply of freshwater such that:
a. SWAT will apply short term capacity building tools in the area to improve and
increase production of existing water supplies, such as, but not limited to:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
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Irrigation controllers;
Water Recycling;
Low voltage wiring;
Irrigation points of connection;
Water service pressure regulating valves;
Chemical application devices;
Filters for drip irrigation system;
Offering financial assistances, such as low interest loans and emergency funds, to
states suffering from water related crises;
ix. Adjudicating disputes between neighboring states in order to promote fair and
equitable use of water resources;
b. The logistical and financial support of SWAT can be facilitated by existing UN-Water
funds which the General Assembly Fifth Committee may increase in order to support
this project;
c. The executive management of SWAT should be under the UN Water agency where:
i. The UN Water Agency will receive national assessments from countries in need that
will detail water scarcity “danger zones” that will be defined by areas seasonally
plagued by droughts, areas without proper infrastructure to facilitate water filtering
and water collection and areas prone to water related disasters;
ii. The UN Water Agency will then assimilate biannual reports on the respective
national assessments and will determine which regions shall receive the deployment
of SWAT, the mandate of said deployment in terms of mission and time tables, and
the financial estimates of the respective deployment;
d. The action of SWAT be assessed by the World Water Assessment Program and a
concrete analysis be included in the UN World Water Development Reports in
regards to:
i. Progress achieved in regions which receive the deployment of SWAT;
ii. Issues in need of improvement or further development;
e. The UN Water Agency should supervise and collect progress data four times a year,
detailing:
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i. The efficiency of funds used in creating short term capacity infrastructure in the
region;
ii. The adherence to the previously set mandate for the respective deployment mission;
iii. Recommendations for adjustment of set mandate for the respective deployment;
iv. Recommendations for adjustment of finances and deployment times for the
respective deployment;
!" Encourages governments to strengthen their commitment to water management by
establishing a National Water Management Strategy where:
a. The strategy should define national priorities in water management and targets
regarding:
i. The access to water for the whole population;
ii. The efficient use and reuse of water in production, especially in agriculture and
water-dependent industries;
iii. The enhancement of water treatment and recycling facilities;
iv. The reinforcement of regional cooperation, in particular regarding trans-boundary
waters;
v. Funding mechanisms to finance the implementation of the strategy and cooperate
with the private sector;
vi. Integrating Non-Governmental Organizations and the civil society;
vii. Raising public awareness with regards to responsible water use;
b. And includes a timeline with specific objectives;
#" Recommends member states to use existing advisory programs within UN-Water to
obtain advice on how to implement their respective strategies or final solutions to specific
issues;
$" Endorses all Member States to build regional cooperation on freshwater management
focusing on:
a. Water preservation through improved water-use efficiency and waste minimization
schemes for all users, including the development of water-saving devices;
b. Forming networking and collaborative action such as, bilateral and multilateral
agreements, working towards the practical implementation of integrated water
resources management;
c. Promotion of education for water users, such as:
i. Water saving devices;
ii. Media advertisements;
iii. Advices about seasonal water use efficiency ideas;
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iv. Promotion of educational awareness campaigns in schools and universities in order
to promote water-use efficiency and wastage minimization;
v. Dissemination of information through the International Environmental Technology
Center (IETC) under the UN Environmental Program;
d. Supporting and facilitating exchange of relevant expertise, technology and know how
among water resource agencies of Member States;
!" Expresses its conviction that the key towards self-sufficiency of freshwater management
in developing countries lies in a transfer of technology from external sources and hence:
a. Encourages the use of an voluntary patent pool system according to local needs, in
order to attract foreign direct investments and spread of technical know-how from
successful and affordable water management systems, which:
i. Recognizes the effectiveness of a patent pool system and seeks to facilitate greater
access to patents and technologies for developing countries and Least Developed
Countries (LDC);
ii. Harmonizes the involvement of both the public and private sectors;
b. Calls upon member states to legally and voluntary transfer of information technology
to developing nations, allowing them greater access to ground water, such that:
i. The International Environmental Technology Center (IETC) of the United Nations
Environmental Program will serve as an institution to support the transfer of
information technology from developed to developing and least developed nations;
ii. The transfer of this technology will allow for a greater institution capacity,
enabling nation to become more self sufficient in providing its citizens with access
to clean and sustainable water resources;
c. Seeks the organization of a round table donor conference to attract funding from
relevant UN bodies, as well as collaborating partners such as regional monetary
authorities (eg. African Development Bank);
#" Recommends the improvement of the FAO's Information System on Water and
Agriculture (Aquastat), and thus to extend the purpose of its current researches to the
fields of:
a. Water reutilization techniques;
b. Water sanitation and civil sewage treatment techniques;
c. Industrial management of freshwater;
$" Recommends that micro savings and credit programs and financial institutions be invited
to establish community financial sustainability in the form of:
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a. Loans with a requirement of specific savings allocation to:
i. Combat short term water shortages;
ii. Establish a society of saving towards the future;
b. Weekly communal meetings to discuss:
i. Long term financial issues;
ii. Education on water conservation and efficiency;
iii. Water infrastructure projects;
c. Orientating certain microcredit initiatives towards various aspects of freshwater
management,
!" Proposes programs for educating communities on the topics of:
a. Using crops that may be either genetically modified to increase their yield with the
use of less water or techniques that increase yield while minimizing fresh water
consumption for use in both subsistence farming and industrial farming;
b. Programs that enable farmers to use more effective and efficient technologies with
regards to irrigation techniques, in order to minimize mishandling of fresh water
resources;
c. Wasteful domestic use of fresh water and encouragement in a more sustainable
fashion;
d. Implementation of programs directed to small communities in the basic use of foreign
technologies intended specifically for the sanitation of water and irrigation;
#$" Encourages regional collaboration on the production and trade of those specific
agricultural products that are most suited to a particular region’s climate and in this mode
of production water usage is optimized;
##" Recommends the use of performance indicators in the form of the aforementioned
progress reports to gauge the degree of realization of short term goals and to begin the
implementation of long term portfolios;
#%" Further reminds member states that each nation has a sovereign right to decide how to
most efficiently distribute its water, whether that is through government avenue, the
private sector, or a mixture of the two;
#&" Encourages all member states to develop new and alternative sources of water-supply
such as sea-water desalination, artificial groundwater recharge, waste-water reuse and
water recycling, such that:
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a. These initiatives will be funded through each member state Official Development
Aid;
b. The technology and best practices needed to develop these new initiatives will be
provided by the International Environmental Technology Center (IECT), which is
under the mandate of UNEP;
!"# Supports the promotion of industrial integrated water management, a critical issue of
sustainable development, made possible by reusing resources such as raw water,
wastewater and biological treatment capabilities and satisfying the increased demand for
fresh water during industrial processes;
!$# Emphasizes the importance of sufficient, sustainable, and eco-friendly access to water
supplies for countries dependent on agricultural production, and hence urges the FAO in
particular, with regard to the International Programme for Technology and Research in
Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID) and the FAO Water programme, to intensify its efforts
to:
a. Decrease dependence on chemical-based pesticides and fertilizers as they increase the
costs of waste water treatment and significantly contribute to the pollution of scarce
water resources;
b. Support innovative and efficient approaches of enhancing irrigated agriculture,
including the usage of partially treated or untreated wastewater as well as urban and
peri-urban agriculture;
c. Promote agricultural research, including the development of more efficient
agricultural techniques, including more resistant and less-water dependent seeds;
!%# Encourages UNESCO to establish and conduct an annual International Forum of Fresh
Water Management and Agricultural Technology Transfers (IFFMAT), attended by
experts of all Member States as well as UN-Water Members and Partners, which shall
complement and contribute to the activities of UN-Water’s World Water Assessment
Programme by:
a. Facilitating the transfer of technologies related to the enhancement of fresh water
management and agriculture;
b. Discussing possibilities of enabling the rural population to achieve self sustainability
through better provision of water, which will ultimately lead to improved agricultural
productivity;
c. Resolving current conflicts in the field of fresh water management with regard to
agricultural production;
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d. Elaborating regional, national and international policy guidelines for the sustainable
use of fresh water for agricultural purposes;
e. Summarizing the findings and the outcome of IFFMAT in a final report to be
submitted to the participants and the to United Nations Secretariat;
!"# Recommends pursuing a twofold approach for capacity building of least developed
countries to encourage initiatives by the Member States in solving the problem of water
resource management and sanitation, in addition to implementing infrastructure reforms
and encouraging research and development in the affected countries by:
a. Encouraging streamlined allocation of development aid via United Nations (UN)
bodies concerned with water resource managements, such as UN-Water, UNICEF,
and UNDP, to promote research and development of techniques and policy for
sustainable development of infrastructure, agricultural and industrial sectors of the
Member States;
b. Calls for North-South and South-South cooperation to facilitate the transfer of
knowledge and foreign direct investments (FDI);
!$# Calls for the investigation by UN Water into alternative mechanisms of the conception to
value water to allow for more efficient allocation and easier trade of products that use
water to truly understand their value, such that:
a. The investigation promotes UN water to designate value in the manner that they deem
reasonable;
b. The investigation on the concept of alternative instruments including that of virtual
water for the identification and assessment of policy options in scientific and political
discourse;
c. Alternative mechanisms to value water trade, including virtual water, be implemented
in a sustainable and economic fashion to provide everyone with accurate information;
d. Virtual water systems be specifically designed to encourage private sector
investments to water supply treatment and delivery.
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Code: GA2/1/4
Committee: General Assembly
Subject: Fresh Water Management and Economic Development
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Affirming Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognizing water as a
fundamental right,
Keeping in mind that there are efficient programs to facilitate improvements of water
management systems,
Emphasizing that in order to achieve an international efficient and equitable distribution of
water, international cooperation and transparency is tantamount, and recognizing that funding
for improvement of water-related infrastructure is not as available as it could be,
Draws attention to the advancement of economic development through agricultural
management of water, as outlined by the completed Goal 7C of the Millennium Development
Goals, that has halved the amount of people without access to sustainable life water,
Believing that the relationship between economic development and fresh water management
systems are a potential untapped resource for global economic development,
Guided by our conviction that deleterious situations occur where sections of the population are
being deprived of water due to cost or lack of effective infrastructure that states ensure that
water resources and the relevant infrastructure to distribute them remain the sovereign
responsibility of the state,
Noting the need for Member States to share information regarding the creation of access to
more amounts of water throughout the world,
Recalling the commitments made during the Monterrey Conference in 2002 regarding the
investment of 0.7% of the GDP for Official Development Assistance (ODAs) and further
recalling the Doha Declaration (A/63/L.57) of 2008,
The General Assembly,
1) Emphasizes that discussions in regards to pollution control, management and
development of freshwater resources, the reusing and recycling of wastewater in
industrial and agricultural systems and the education and awareness of freshwater
should be maintained via regional discussions between Member States with viable
stakes to said water resource as it is a fundamental human right;
2) Endorses the utilization of already existing systems for better water management
including UN-Water’s Operational Guidelines, UN-Water’s Senior Program Managers
(SPMs), World Water Assessment Program, UN-Water Decade Program on Capacity
Development and the UN-Water Decade Program on Advocacy and Communication;
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3) Draws attention to the pre-established Task Forces of UN-Water to efficiently produce
comprehensive water management programs by:
a) Encouraging Member States to create short and long term reachable goals for
equitable and efficient water distribution by using the benchmarks set out in the
2006 Water Monitoring Report Millennium Development Goals Targets and
Indicators and Global Annual Assessment on Sanitation and Drinking Water
(GLASS);
b) Supporting and suggesting that Member States submit an annual report regarding
their water sanitation progress and processes to UN-Water in order to address
shortcomings including total actual renewable water resources per capita, dam
capacity per capita, percent of freshwater resources withdrawn, municipal water
withdrawal as a percent of total withdrawal, industrial water withdrawal as a
percent of total withdrawal, agricultural water withdrawal as a percent of total
withdrawal, percent of population with access to improved water sources, percent
of population with access to improved sanitation;
4) Calls upon the international community to work in tandem with one another regarding
the equitable and efficient distribution of water by:
a) Urging international institutions to provide more financial assistance to those states
seeking to improve water related infrastructure on a revised set of criteria including
but not limited to a scaling back of conditions required to be met by states seeking
assistance;
b) Requesting the international community to place greater emphasis upon regional
institutions as a potential means of finance for those nations seeking to improve
water management without the attachment of extensive commitments;
c) Encouraging the creation of incentive programs for projects that will aid creation
and maintenance of water management systems;
5) Have resolved that water management is an integral tool in the advancement of each
nation’s economy and implores Member States to realize that the empowerment of
local actors is an important step toward better water management;
6) Solemnly affirms that the use of microcredit, microinsurance and foreign direct
investment can further establish better water management and suggests that terms of
loan and microinsurance for local actors should include fresh water management
practices at the local level such as the utilization of drought resistant crops, better
irrigation practices, and other suggestions put forth by AQUASTAT from the FAO;
7)
Further proclaims that this is the first step to alleviating extreme poverty and has the
potential to create jobs and save lives while limiting the existence of waterborne
illnesses and other issues that arise from poor water management as recognized by
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many figures and statistics that include hydropower, rainfall management, limitation of
loss of working days, and industrial projects;
8) Recommends that member states support entrepreneurs and individuals who understand
local agricultural projects to better manage water and crops in the hopes of allocating
the fresh resource of water and also being able to feed 9 billion by 2050 whose
progress should be followed by the FAO;
9) Further invites Member States to encourage grass roots organizations under the
auspices of national governments to assist in water distribution on a local level,
especially in those cases where conventional methods of distribution prove impractical
through the provision of state funding and relevant expertise and technology, and on an
approach that will take into account the availability of freshwater regardless of source
as different regions or areas rely on different sources for freshwater;
10) Expresses its hope that Member States should work in conjunction with one another
while respecting each other’s sovereignty by utilizing UN-Water, FAO Water and
other available resources
11) Encourages international cooperation in trans-border disputes over bodies of fresh
water and hopes that the fundamental human right of access to water can be equitably
achieved;
12) Proclaims that information pertaining to desalination, purification, improved
technologies and other forms of proper water management should be available to all
Member States, with special interest taken to protect developing countries, small island
nations, and Member States suffering from failed policies with detrimental
implications while:
a) Bearing in mind that there is a myriad of services and resources available at UN­
Water and encourages a collaboration with developed countries in order to allow
foreign direct investment to facilitate the transfer of knowledge and cooperation in
regards to water management practices;
b) And noting that education regarding fresh water management for citizens of
Member States be distributed through materials established by the UNESCO’s
Institute for Water Education;
13) Encourages the international community to reconsider and further fulfill their
commitments to international aid, bearing in mind the Monterrey Consensus and Doha
Declarations while:
a) Recommending to assign 1/7 of the 0.7% GDP as agreed upon in the Monterrey
Consensus as water-relates Official Development Assistance (ODAs);
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b) Encouraging a Follow-up Conference to the Doha Declaration and further proposes
the Follow-up Conference to especially focus on water management and
development.
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Code: GA2/1/5
Committee: General Assembly
Subject: Freshwater Management and Economic Development
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Expressing appreciation of the successes of the international community in achieving
Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 7C, to ensure environmental sustainability by reducing
by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic
sanitation,
Emphasizing the international community’s commitment to maintaining these successes,
Recognizing the role that water plays in all Member States in preserving our ecosystems and in
providing fundamental improvements in the quality of life,
Guided by the statements of Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon, emphasizing that feeding a global
population is dependent on ensuring the sustainable use of our most critical finite source - water,
Acknowledging the Global Human Development Forum’s declaration to reset the global
development agenda to strengthen its commitment to sustainable development,
Recalling the commitments made by national governments during the Monterrey Consensus in
2002 to invest 0.7% of the GDP for Official Development Assistance (ODA),
Applauding international collaborative public-private efforts to improve access to water, and
their continued cooperation with local and regional governments,
Further applauding regional efforts towards improved communications on transboundary fresh
water management,
Observing the importance of trans-boundary water resource management in the development of
agriculture, industry and energy, and thus economic development,
Noting with approval the World Water Council declaration, stating that “the right to water is the
right, for each human being, to have access at an affordable price to sufficient amount of safe
drinking water as well as to adequate sanitation in order to live in dignity”,
Taking into consideration the regional challenges faced by differing Member States, in particular
the Small Island Developing States as stated in A/RES/64/199,
Bearing in mind the Global Compact that supports the MDGs to promote best business practices
in regard to public-private partnerships (PPPs),
Reiterating the international emphasis on self-directed assessment, defined by the United Nations
Environmental Programme (UNEP) report Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA): Towards an Integrated Approach as an
internationally recognized important measure by which private sector proponents and
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government agencies responsible for development are made accountable for their environmental
decisions and actions, with sovereign respect to differing countries and jurisdictions,
Endorsing A/RES/65/151, which declares 2012 the International Year of Sustainable Energy for
All and the UN Secretary-General’s initiative Sustainable Energy for all, which promotes a
multilateral approach regarding access, efficiency and equal distribution of energy,
Welcoming the guidance and expertise of the Commission on Sustainable Development which
focuses on water and food security at its next meeting,
The General Assembly,
1) Endorses Member States to adopt an integrated sectoral water management approach by
increasing infrastructure development initiatives, specifically in the sanitation,
purification, treatment and distribution phases of hydro-development infrastructure,
leading to:
a. Increased and improved facilities for waste management and water treatment for
agricultural, industrial and domestic use;
b. Purification techniques including desalinization, deionization, chemical and manual
filtration in Member States that this is feasible for;
c. Increased and improved irrigation systems, such as treadle pumps and biodegradable
drip irrigation systems;
2) Approves the necessity of state-coordinated public-private partnerships (PPPs) for the
development of infrastructure and utility for sustainability with the following steps
where:
a. Member States and their selected private partners assess potential projects to ensure
that investment decisions are well based as defined by the sustainable principles of
the Global Compact, and that projects are feasible and thoroughly planned under the
parameters of self-directed integrated Environmental Impact Assessment and
Strategic Environmental Assessment as defined by the UNEP;
b. Assessments will structure projects including procurement strategies and
implementation mechanisms for success to include:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Analyzing project risks;
Arranging project financing;
Conducting project negotiations;
Assessing project deadlines;
c. Member States and their selected private partners execute said projects cooperatively
to ensure that financing, delivery, and operation are in time and on budget and
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evaluate project success at the discretion of the time table determined by both parties
and make changes accordingly;
3) Implores that UN-Water utilize designated budgets to support lesser developed states as
they strive to increase economic successes by improving water-related infrastructure;
4) Stresses the importance of access to water in local communities through practices such as
PPPs towards:
a. A domestic targeting of communities with lower accessibility to determine in what
areas are improvements in groundwater and sanitation systems necessary, and in what
areas are said systems to be constructed;
b. Empowering communities with greater accessibility to water by providing financial
assistance and capacity building tools by encouraging the expansion of regional and
domestic programs, non-profit, for-profit and governmental institutions alike;
c. Fostering gender parity and encouraging public participation and mutual
responsibility for water resources, research and logistical management;
d. Establishing skills training and opportunities for education programs to encourage
regional specialization in new technology;
5) Emphasizes that said investment into hydro-related infrastructure in Member States
should serve as a catalyst for economic development by creating jobs and promote
capacity building as a means to ensure a healthy populace and workforce;
6) Requests the United Nations Development Programme to emphasize the importance of
UNDP project Sustainable Energy for All, moving towards a global commitment to
utilizing cleaner and more efficient energy sources, most specifically liquidized natural
gas and other sustainable technologies, in order to power all hydro-related facilities;
7) Calls upon the Food and Agriculture Organization to work with Member States to
develop regional plans, encouraging:
a. Multinational corporations in the manufacturing and agricultural industries to use best
business practices and a coordinated public-private approach to manage, develop and
implement hydro-related technologies and innovations;
b. Regional infrastructure development for agriculture purposes to help sustain the
growing global population and meet and exceed food demands and nutrition
requirements;
c. An increase in investment and international trade relationships by supporting waterrelated innovative regional infrastructure projects, such as the Trans-Asian Corridor
of Development;
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8) Suggests regional decision making bodies coordinate efforts in:
a. Managing shared water resources for long-term economic and humanitarian
successes;
b. Promoting further agreements on the mutual use of common water resources;
c. Participating in bilateral and multilateral information sharing and technology transfer;
9) Further Suggests that the UNEP expand the purview of its already existing reports to
include a specialized focus on improving and maintaining positive developments in
transboundary water management efforts by focusing on the unique geographical
circumstances of all Member States to assist the international community in defining
common standards for shared water resources;
10) Invites all Member States to continue to strive towards a coordinated effort to achieve
international successes in freshwater management and economic development.
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Code: GA3/1/1
Committee: GA3
Subject: Combating Human Trafficking
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Guided by General Assembly Resolution 55/25, the United Nations Convention against
Combatting Human Trafficking, and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish the
Trafficking of Persons,
Recognizing the efforts of the United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking
(UN.GIFT) and the Blue Hearts Campaign,
Acknowledging the efforts of the United Nations Office of Drug and Crime (UNODC) to protect
and rehabilitate victims of human trafficking through the creation of materials such as the Victim
Translation Assistance Tool and use of the UNODC Electronic Toolkit to Combat Human
Trafficking,
Aware of the importance maintaining national sovereignty while promoting cooperation in
combating human trafficking,
Reaffirming the need for financial support and resources for developing states in order to
implement the necessary rehabilitation programs within their own borders,
Noting the Convention of the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol on the Rights of the
Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography,
Recalling the Work Plan against Trafficking in Persons in the Western Hemisphere, resolution
2551 (XL-O/10),
Further Recalling the UN Global Plan of Action to combat Trafficking in Persons, General
Assembly Resolution 64/293,
Taking note of the three-step approach used by the Organization of American States (OAS),
which includes prevention, prosecution, and protection,
Recognizing General Assembly Resolution 58/137, which aims to strengthen international
cooperation protecting victims from trafficking,
The General Assembly,
1) Calls upon Regional Intergovernmental Commissions working in conjunction with the
UNODC that will:
a. Classify and examine human trafficking violations;
b. Work under the supervision of already existing regional bodies in order to address the
issues of human trafficking and other human rights violations;
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c. Encourage neighboring states to adhere to the standards of:
i. Autonomy;
ii. Promotion of national sovereignty;
iii. Avoiding unnecessary intervention on behalf of the international community;
d. Provide international assistance in cases of human trafficking or human rights
violations, upon the request of the Regional Intergovernmental Commission;
2) Recommends that the United Nations support Regional Intergovernmental Commissions to
oversee and examine indictments of human trafficking and human rights violations by:
a. Carrying out investigations within the staff of the regional commissions;
b. Warranting admittance to law enforcement records when necessary to efficiently
investigate the degree of prospective corruption;
c. Collaborating with United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to provide a way to
further implement the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in
Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations
Convention against Transnational Organized Crime;
3) Stresses regional intergovernmental bodies and NGOs already in place to effectively address
human trafficking violations, including, but not limited to:
a. African Union (AU);
b. European Union (EU);
c. Arab League;
d. Organization of American States (OAS);
e. Caribbean International Community (CARICOM);
f. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN);
g. Pacific Islands;
4) Endorses the existing efforts of regional intergovernmental bodies to submit annual regional
evaluations on the status of human trafficking victims within any given state through:
a. Addressing human trafficking activities;
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b. Recommending a plan of action to the states involved;
c. Developing and implement instruments to address human trafficking;
d. Promoting collaboration between states to combat human trafficking;
5) Calls for the establishment and promotion of the “Vigilance Program” to disclose
information and release update, when necessary, on the current state of human trafficking
within any given state so as to inform the international community of:
a. Preventative strategies;
b. Specialize training programs;
c. Progress in prosecution and rehabilitation;
6) Designates the issue of corruption through regional oversight in collaboration with
preexisting regional international organizations which would:
a. Work with such regional intergovernmental commissions as the African Union (AU),
European Union (EU), Arab League, Organization of American States (OAS),
Caribbean International Community (CARICOM), Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN), and their organs, including but not limited to:
i. The Court of Justice;
ii. The Advisory Board on Corruption;
iii. The Peace and Security Council;
iv. The Economic, Social, and Cultural Council;
b. Establish local governmental stability through:
i.
Assessing the legitimacy and ability for local officials to do their jobs by
national officials of that country;
ii.
Proper information sharing on the local level;
iii.
Overseeing of local government by national governments;
iv.
Collaboration with international bodies, such as the United Nations
Development Program and other relevant, United Nation bodies to give
access to numerous beneficial resources that could aid in the regulation of a
government;
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7) Seeks to diminish the trafficking of persons through the creation of regional groups of
Member States for the purpose of establishing a system of checks and balances based on:
a. A high level of financial need for resources to combat human trafficking;
b. Maximum compliance from individual governments;
c. Degree of participation in anti-trafficking efforts with compliance with these criteria
Member States would have access to a regional fund created through a contribution
from each Member State based on each individual country’s GDP;
d. Establishing a collaborative relationship with the United Nations Voluntary Fund for
Human Trafficking in order to ensure that compliance with existing monetary
regulations is being enacted, and to reassure that allotted funds are being used
appropriately;
8) Suggests the addition of an sub-committee within the group of member states dealing with
the education of individuals on human trafficking which:
a. Will be determined by a country’s GDP, which also determines the proportion of
funds, or contribution, given to the cause of fighting human trafficking;
b. Include overseeing the direction of monetary distribution;
c. Grants these members authority in the final decision making process;
9) Emphasizes bolstering the awareness of human trafficking among the youth in nations in
which recruitment is higher, with the help of UNICEF and the UNODC, by:
a. Establishing an education system that teaches young students not only about their
rights, but also about the dangers and possible profile of human traffickers;
b. Urging cooperation among NGOs, i.e. such as the African Association of Education
for Development (AAED) and local officials, to bolster the education system in
developing countries by offering children opportunities other than human trafficking;
10) Encourages the creation of the World Ladder Program (WLP), will be aimed at:
a. Proliferating education about human trafficking to:
i. Elementary schools;
ii. Middle schools;
iii. High schools;
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iv. Vocational schools;
v. Professional institutions / Universities;
b. Formulating an evolution of the WLP to the regional and then international
community;
11) Suggests creating the Organization Against Trafficking Humans (OATH), an educational
awareness foundation to raise awareness of human trafficking, especially to vulnerable
populations such as women, children, displaced persons, and racial and ethnic minorities
specifically in impoverished areas that will include:
a. An educational campaign implemented through public school curriculums at various
levels, as seen fit by individual state, whereby having:
i. Once a week class lectures that will discuss human trafficking awareness;
ii. A showcase by the students that will exemplify using their creativity and
ingenuity as a healthy alternative to human trafficking;
b. A weeklong convention held twice a year that will promote an above the influence
lifestyle by:
i. Having full media coverage of the negative effects of human trafficking and
possible alternative opportunities through all aspects of media such as
billboards, commercials, flyers, posters and radio announcements with the
OATH message;
ii. Creation of a hotline as a resource for preventative advice for potential
victims;
iii. Selling of OATH merchandise, in which the proceeds will go to WLP;
12) Further Recommends the establishment of a scholarship program, funded by the regional
funds of the Member States, that will fall under the auspice of OATH by:
a. Providing scholarships at elementary through collegiate level schools specifically
aimed for students of low income or living in rural areas;
b. Having an application process for scholarships that will include an essay contest that
is specifically aimed at regional solutions to curve human trafficking;
13) Reiterates worldwide awareness campaigns of human trafficking, working in conjunction
with UNICEF, UNODC, and the Human Rights Council, through:
a. Developing the Blue Heart Campaign on an international scale whereby inviting all
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the nations to launch their own Blue Heart Initiative, following the example of
Mexico and Spain;
b. Establishing the “We Are All Responsible” campaign providing awareness of their
responsibility towards victims of Human Trafficking;
c. Organizing a worldwide forum to alert the international community on the effects of
human trafficking, specifically sexual tourism and child abuse;
14) Affirms the mandatory education and training for professionals in terms of victim
identification through:
a. Training of medical and legal professions in the treatment and identification of the
symptoms of trafficked being;
b. The complete education of national border patrol officers on their neighboring
countries whereby education would focus on making sure the officers know the
language of their neighboring countries as well as the culture, political issues, and the
type of trafficking taking place outside of the country;
c. Further training of law enforcement, customs officials, and border control to
recognize and prosecute human trafficking in their own nations by building upon pre­
existent programs to meet the standards of the UNODC;
15) Requests the support of governments for the trafficking victims that arrive in their country
through the providing of temporary housing permits that are six months in length to allow for
the proper care of the trafficking victim;
16) Appeals to Member States to provide resources, aid, and protection to the victims by:
a. Social reintegration;
b. Medical services such as disease testing, wound care, and nutrition and diet
improvement;
c. Drug rehabilitation programs;
d. Psychological care and services;
e. Temporary food and shelter;
f. Legal assistance;
17) Urges Member States to emphasize job training as an essential aspect of rehabilitation for
victims of human trafficking which bolsters the economies of individual states through the
creation of a productive and legal workforce by:
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a. Partnering with international, specialized NGOs focusing on developing skills such as
farming, craftsmanship, jewelry making, technological proficiency, sewing, etc., to
help victims of human trafficking earn a living wage and acquire social respect;
b. Creating a network of existing businesses and entrepreneurs to provide work
placements when available for victims of human trafficking in skilled areas;
18) Encourages the establishment of regional training centers utilizing the materials developed
by the UNODC and micro-financing, funded by the regional fund of the Member States, in
order to:
a. Create a team of trained individuals within each state for the purpose of promoting
local compliance with rehabilitation programs;
b. Offer micro-loans to individuals in communities where standards have been met,
thereby enabling them to actively participate in their local economy and expand upon
the skills they have received in job training;
19) Further requests the formation of specialized governmental procedures in regards to:
a. Member states granting asylum to those that have been affected by human trafficking,
thereby recognizing the involuntary nature of their condition and placing them in a
separate category from illegal migrants;
b. Providing assistance regardless of immigration status in order to prevent re­
victimization;
c. Individual states strengthening its own travel procedures and regulations in order to
diminish the likelihood of forged documents;
d. The processing of human trafficking victims within the state from which they were
rescued by documenting the victim’s country of origin, ethnicity, age, and purpose for
which they have been trafficked, such as organ removal, sex work, manual labor, by:
i. Collecting this data into a national database that can be utilized for the
creation of a regional database under the jurisdiction of the UNODC for the
purposes of furthering research to prevent human trafficking and victim
rehabilitation across borders;
ii. Recording private victim’s statements to aid in the prosecution of perpetrators
of human trafficking;
iii. Protecting the identity of victims by not requiring them to testify publicly
against their traffickers.
Code: GA3/1/2
Committee: General Assembly Third Committee
Subject: Combating Human Trafficking
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Confirming the current definition of Human Trafficking as set forth in the Protocol to Prevent,
Suppress, and Punish trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children,
Recalling General Assembly resolutions A/RES/63/156, A/RES/63/194 and Human Rights
Council Resolutions A/HRC/RES/11/3 and A/RES/55/25 adopted in November 2000, which
created the first collective international instrument seeking to combat human trafficking,
Deeply disturbed by the commodification of humans for monetary gains through human
trafficking,
Alarmed that the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) estimated that 2.5
million people from 127 different countries are being trafficked into 137 countries around the
world,
Noting that human trafficking is a problem which affects mostly women and girls, who are
forced to work primarily in the sex industry,
Bearing in mind the particular needs of high-risk regions troubled by human trafficking, such as
Africa, Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe and South America,
Recognizing the need to implement short-and-long term solutions to aid current victims and
target the root causes of trafficking,
Noting further the transnational dynamic of human trafficking which requires the active
participation of all states,
Emphasizing UNODC’s assistance to many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in their
fight against human trafficking, and UNODC’s successful use of public service announcements
to provide access to information regarding human trafficking,
Appreciating the work being done by the United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human
Trafficking Knowledge Hub (UN.GIFT) in raising awareness and in coordinating a multi­
stakeholder strategy between governments, businesses, civil society and the media,
The General Assembly Third Committee,
1. Urges Member States’ governments to take measures to promote the prevention and
prosecution of human trafficking incidents through law enforcement reforms by:
a. Providing and strengthening training for law enforcement, immigration, and other
relevant criminal justice organizations in cooperation with the International
Organization for Migration for Member States that require assistance, in
accordance with their ranking on the Anti-trafficking Policy Index,
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b. Imposing more effective penalties against traffickers and the full implementation
of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons,
Especially Women and Children and its requirements;
c. Developing systems for victim identification with maximum confidentiality,
providing victims of crimes committed involuntarily or under coercion to exercise
their right to amnesty and to submit asylum claims under international refugee
law;
d. Voluntarily providing information to UN.GIFT for the purpose of information
sharing about offenders crossing international borders;
2. Reiterates the importance of governments cooperating with each other and with any
relevant inter-governmental and NGOs in order to establish an effective international
response to the prevalence of human trafficking and to further strengthen the existing
channels and mechanisms of international cooperation by:
a. Enhancing judicial frameworks and limiting the institutional obstacles that hinder
the extradition of criminals to their countries of origin by encouraging extradition
and mutual legal assistance treaties;
b. Improving the exchange of information pertaining to knowledge on human
trafficking and related transnational organized crime, between the relevant
institutions, in origin and destination countries, such as Interpol, Europol and
Frontex, in order to enrich knowledge by implementing increased data collection,
analysis and the creation of an evidence-based report on global trafficking trends;
c. Calling for a linkage of the existing national human trafficking criminal record
databases in order to exchange domestic information regarding policies about the
prosecution of human traffickers and encourage the collection of data from these
databases such as Interpol to establish a scale between low-risk and high-risk
states to be determined by UNODC;
d. Encouraging all Member States to submit comprehensive yearly reports of human
trafficking violations in their state to the UN.GIFT in order to facilitate effective
communication regarding the global reach of human trafficking;
3. Supports expanding UN.GIFT by:
a. Increasing funding to UN.GIFT from developed countries such as the United
States, France, Japan, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Italy, New Zealand,
Australia, Republic of Korea, and the United Kingdom;
b. Coordinating between governments, NGOs and national civil society groups that
work in the field, especially in the initiative of public-private partnership at the
national level;
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c. Encouraging all Member States to provide disaggregated data by age, gender,
nationality, ethnicity, ability, socioeconomic status and form of exploitation;,
d. Recommending that the Women Leaders’ Council be utilized for connecting local
and international women leaders for the purposes of raising awareness and
promoting education, and to be a model for national women’s empowerment
organizations in training survivors of human trafficking to speak within their
communities on the dangers which human trafficking poses to individuals and to
their societies;
4. Suggests that UN.GIFT be used to promote a larger international effort towards a
culturally-sensitive global educational initiative by:
a. Creating a basic educational template for regional organizations to adapt for use
in a large-scale initiative to raise awareness regarding human trafficking, the
dangers it poses, and efforts to eliminate it,
b. Recommending that UN.GIFT establish an educational campaign against forced
labor, slavery, and sexual exploitation which provides informational
advertisements in places such as airports, public transportation, and metropolitan
areas using relevant testimonies from victims of human trafficking and pre­
existing emergency telephone numbers available to report suspicious behaviours
and other useful details,
c. Promoting public conventions, in association with states, for schools,
communities, and recreational events where past victims are given the opportunity
to speak and encourage citizens to bring about a social change,
d. Fostering relationships between local and regional organizations and the various
educational campaigns under the auspices of the UN to develop more effective
culturally-specific awareness campaigns,
e. Calling upon third party groups and NGOs, such as the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the United Nations Children’s
Fund, and United Nations Women, to take a more active role in raising awareness
of the inherent dangers of human trafficking, particularly in countries lacking the
means to provide the necessary education and information required to address this
issue globally;
5. Invites all Member States to create regional programs which could be implemented at the
national level with the support of NGOs and civil society such as the Asian Pacific
Islander Legal Outreach Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking, and for victim
support focused on:
a. Professional and social reinsertion through skill-building programs and courses in
order to achieve individual economic autonomy,
b. Psychological, medical and legal assistance to victims,
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c. Short term residency and shelter in destination countries,
d. Assistance repatriating victims to their home countries;
6. Reiterates the importance of eliminating the root causes of human trafficking by:
a. Expanding specialist educational and communication programs of the UNODC to
empower vulnerable groups, especially women and children, against traffickers,
b. Calling upon Member States, NGOs, civil societies and relevant United Nations
organizations to implement capacity building measures to reduce the vulnerability
of high-risk groups, especially women and children,
c. Promoting the role of microcredit as a method of deterrence as it may act to
decrease incidences of trafficking by providing vulnerable individuals the
opportunity to become self-sufficient,
d. Emphasizing the importance of Member States adoption of the Blue Heart
Campaign as their official human trafficking awareness program;
7. Appeals to all Member States to improve their border security in order to prevent the flow
of human trafficking across states by:
a. Reforming visa regulations, such as the expansion of quotas for Temporary
Protected Status and residence permits, in order to provide additional protection to
immigrants’ rights,
b. Instigating national anti-corruption programs,
c. Collaborating with the International Organisation of Migration to improve
counter-trafficking and border management measures, and, at an operational level,
to increase police capacities at the borders to prevent illegal migration,
d. Encouraging a comprehensive cooperation between relevant institutions to
improve border security in light of human trafficking violations through the
creation of an inter-connected network of financial and personnel support by
empowering the UNODC as a mediator agency between high-risk and low-risk
states on a voluntary bases only.
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Code: GA3/1/3
General Assembly Third Committee:
Subject: Combating Human Trafficking
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Guided by Article IV of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, which states “no one shall
be held in servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms,” as well as
Libreville 2000 Common Platform for Action on Child Trafficking, which proposes strategies to
prevent trafficking in children and states the main responsibility for combating trafficking in
national governments,
Recalling the heavy emphasis on human trafficking within General Assembly resolution 55/25 as
well as the Abolition of Forced Labor Convention,
Bearing in mind that there are cultural and geographical barriers when dealing with human
trafficking,
Fully aware of its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity
of each state in accordance with Article II, Section 1 of the Charter of the United Nations,
Emphasizing the urgency of implementing the United Nations Trafficking Protocol and Security
Council resolution 1612 on Children in Armed Conflict,
Acknowledging that ineffective border control mechanisms are factors that lead to the ease of
human trafficking,
Noting with appreciation the collaborative initiatives set forth by UN.GIFT to combat human
trafficking,
Recognizing that those mainly targeted by human traffickers are vulnerable peoples, including
but not limited to refugees, internally displaced peoples, the homeless, indigenous people and
ethnic minorities,
Deeply concerned by the fact that transnational crimes such as the drug trade and the smuggling
of small arms and light weapons are used to further subjugate victims of human trafficking,
especially in regions such as West and Central Africa,
Believing that a multilateral solution encompassing local, regional and international efforts will
be the most efficient means of addressing the global challenge of human trafficking,
The General Assembly,
1) Urges Member States to utilize technical experts from the United Nations Children’s
Fund and United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, respecting
state sovereignty, to incorporate human rights and the trafficking in persons into their
educational curriculum through:
a. primary schools;
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b. secondary schools;
c. advanced education;
2) Notes with concern the need for an international framework of educational programs and
rehabilitation centers, through and supported by Small Grants Faculty and intended to
address interregional and cross-border victim support initiatives and to provide effective
remedies for victims of human trafficking, as started by VITA, which:
a. provide counseling services,
b. provide educational, occupational, and technical training,
c. provide individuals with the tools to be reintegrated in their Member States of
origin when possible;
3) Requests Member States to implement said framework within a national context within
the boundaries of their national capabilities;
4) Recommends that the Women Leaders’ Council (WLC) created by UN.GIFT to be
expanded and further utilized as a tool to combat trafficking of women, with a focus on
connecting local and international family leaders for the purposes of raising awareness
and promoting education by:
a. enacting measures of identification and selection of influential victim recovery
and rehabilitation leaders from each regional bloc, for the purpose of convening a
biannual think-tank that will utilize the local knowledge of such individuals in
creating specified measures to combat human trafficking;
b. strengthening the system of communication currently used by UN.GIFT to
include all existing non-governmental organization (NGOs), inter-governmental
organizations (IGOs) and other organizations for women empowerment, with a
focus on combating trafficking of women;
c. using the WLC as a model and its existing fund for national women’s
empowerment organizations that would train survivors of human trafficking to
speak within their communities on the dangers that human trafficking poses to
individuals and communities;
d. endorsing the allocation of further funds for the WLC to come from UN and NGO
groups that have striven to improve conditions of women, willing states, and other
local and international sources at their discretion;
5) Calls upon each Member State to develop strong anti-trafficking legislation to:
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a. protect victims and provide them with information about their rights, with the
collaboration of NGOs and existing UN agencies;
b. prosecute criminals through the adoption of Article III of the Trafficking in Persons
Protocol in accordance with each Member State's domestic legal system and through
the reinforcement of Article V, which punishes the conduct set in Article III be
criminalized in domestic legislation;
6) Suggests that the Polaris Project be used as a stepping stone to promote greater international
efforts towards a culturally sensitive global education by:
a. the creation of a basic educational curriculum which would serve as a template for
regional organizations to adapt for use in educational initiatives to raise awareness
about the phenomenon of human trafficking and the dangers it poses, through the
Polaris International and Regional Programs;
b. Fostering relationships between local and regional organizations and the various
educational campaigns under the auspices of the UN to create a more effective and
culture-specific awareness campaign;
7) Invites Member States to increase efforts toward protecting vulnerable groups, particularly
women and children, through public outreach programs and awareness campaigns that would
address issues in a preventative manner;
8) Stresses that Member States participating in the outreach and awareness campaigns as
outlined above, to submit voluntary reports to the UNODC and the UN.GIFT after the first
year of the program’s implementation to increase transparency relative to specific operational
progress and cost expenditures to guarantee accountability and operational efficiency;
9) Recommends the direction of the proposed tasks should follow the indicated
recommendations of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, specifically the
Trafficking in Persons Protocol, and to inform about proper measures to combat human
trafficking;
10) Endorses the expansion of Regional Training Groups (RTGs) modeled after existing Asia­
Pacific ESCAP training groups, and under their auspices specifically designated for:
a. operating primarily in Western and Central Africa;
b. specifically combating this region’s egregious human trafficking issues;
c. promoting the collaboration with NGOs to assist local and regional bodies
ensuring the protection of groups most vulnerable to trafficking, specifically
women and children;
11) Further proclaims that the RTGs have limited powers, with limitations including:
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a. not entering into a country as an independent law enforcement unit to investigate and
arrest suspected violators;
b. a requirement to report to the United Nations;
c. providing countries with the ability to opt-in for the services offered by the groups;
12) Designates that the members of the RTGs will include but not be limited to groups
constructed by the:
a. Human Rights Council,
b. UNODC,
c. Peacebuilding Commission;
13) Calls upon the cooperation and communication between Member States through bilateral
agreements, taking into account special regional circumstances between certain countries
concerning human trafficking;
14) Further requests the evaluation of infrastructure and border facilities from within each
country in order to recognize where improvements must be made and call upon assistance if
necessary with regards to human trafficking;
15) Encourages Member States looking to improve upon border management skills with regards
to preventing and stopping human trafficking to attend a global and holistic conference under
the auspices of UN.GIFT by:
a. Creating an biannual conference be named: “Forum for Finding Resources to Engage
National Directives for Security” or UN.FRENDS;
b. For the purpose of creating a structure that opens the floor to dialogue and presentations
by willing participants at their discretion and using their own means, to work towards a
framework that effectively combats human trafficking;
c. Specifically with regards to relevant and efficient measures to strengthen border
initiatives that prevent and combat human trafficking;
16) Further calls for this forum to be held in Moscow, Russia for two weeks of dialogue starting
on January 15th 2013, to fulfill the aforementioned mandate;
17) Requests the technical and logistical sponsorship of the Russian Federation and any willing
members for the purpose of establishing this conference;
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18) Recommends that the aforementioned conference will include, but not be limited to these
participants:
a. Member States;
b. Experts in the study of relevant fields;
c. UN bodies;
d. Private Corporations and Foundations;
e. Civil Society Organizations;
f. IGOs;
19) Further proposes that the attending members of the conference will nominate and vote upon
a future place, time and agenda for the next conference;
20) Stipulates that at the conclusion of the forum the conference will produce an informative
handbook that includes but is not limited to all discussions and arguments raised during said
forum to be reported to UN.GIFT in a year’s time to help further their initiatives.
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Code: GA3/1/4
Committee: General Assembly
Subject: Combatting Human Trafficking
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Having adopted the Universal Declaration on Human Rights Article 4 which bans all forms of
slavery which now encompasses human trafficking,
Bearing in mind General Assembly Resolution A/RES/64/293,
Affirming the definition of trafficking in persons from the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and
Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, supplementing the United
Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,
Recognizing the challenges and threats that human trafficking poses to the political, social and
economic development of the international community,
Believing in the shared responsibilities of all states whether of origin, transit, or destination of
victims of human trafficking,
Acknowledging that the cause of human trafficking often lies in a lack of awareness, education
and resources in most developing countries,
Emphasizing the importance of establishing bilateral and multilateral cooperation to eradicate the
trafficking of persons, especially women and children,
Recalling Human Rights Council Resolution HRC/11/3 of June 17, 2009 on Trafficking in
persons, especially women and children,
Recognizing the links of poverty, gender and ethnic discrimination to human trafficking,
Expressing its appreciation for all governments for launching effective campaigns such as the
Blue Heart Campaign held by Spain and Mexico with the support of the United Nations Office
on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and the Republic of Peru for its Not for Sale campaign,
Appreciating the efforts by the UNODC to raise the awareness of human trafficking,
Strongly convinced that the United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking
(UN.GIFT) is an effective tool as the necessary framework for international cooperation in
combating human trafficking,
Encourages Members States to support each other in training customs, border and law
enforcement officials as well as local authorities to better recognize and combat human
trafficking in an effective and humane manner;
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Convinced that combating human trafficking will help the international community in achieving
the third Millennium Developmental Goal (MDG) of promoting gender equality and
empowering women,
Alarmed by the lack of awareness through education about human trafficking,
Strongly supporting the utilization of existing organizations within the United Nations such as,
but not limited to, Interpol, UN.GIFT or the International Labor Organization (ILO) to further
the protection and promotion of international human rights law and its applicability to national
legislation,
Welcoming the decision of the UNODC to publish a global report on Trafficking in Persons in
2012 and biennially after that, according to the UNODC Comprehensive Strategy to Combat
Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants,
The General Assembly,
1) Calls upon all states to become signatories of and to ratify the United Nations Convention
against Transnational Organized Crime and the protocols thereto and especially the
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and
Children;
2) Reminds the Member States to enact policies in accordance with the UN Recommended
Principles and Guidelines on Human Right and Human Trafficking;
3) Requests that countries look into the establishment of safe houses and care centers for the
victims of human trafficking in order to provide medical care, psychological care, shelter,
lodging, and temporary residence, higher educational opportunities, reintegration
programs and access to legal services;
4) Expresses the hope that industrialized countries will offer assistance to developing
countries in order to combat poverty and underdevelopment;
5) Calls upon for all Member States as well as the members of Inter-Agency Coordination
Group Against Trafficking in Persons (ICAT) to share information with the UNODC
Human Trafficking Case Law Database and the IOM Counter Trafficking Module
Database with the purpose of improving international cooperation and streamline
responses by utilizing all forms of available technology;
6) Invites the international community to improve the living and labor conditions of victims
of human trafficking by enforcing general labor standards and industrial safety
regulations in destination countries;
7) Recommends Member States to grant temporary residency of at least ninety days, which
can be extended, to victims of human trafficking and during which victims are protected
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from expulsion and receive access to humanitarian services without being forced to
publicly testify against their traffickers;
8) Calls upon all Member States to delay deportation of individuals suspected of trafficking
at least until it has been verified through a legal process;
9) Highly recommends the promotion of the Annual Human Trafficking Awareness Day
through acts of education, legislation, and enforcement on January 11 of each year;
10) Further Recommends that Member States establish awareness campaigns similar to the
Not For Sale Campaign;
11) Emphasizes the need to expand programs providing access to basic social services, such
as higher educational and employment opportunities, in cooperation with the UNDP in
order to achieve the first Millennium Development Goal of eradicating poverty and
hunger;
12) Urges governments of every Member States to look into the implementation of social
programs, such as the Red de Oportunidades, currently active in several Latin American
Member States;
13) Stresses the importance of grassroots campaigns and civil society in the increase of
awareness.
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'
Code: HRC/RES/1/1
Committee: The Human Rights Council
Subject: Combating Violence and Discrimination against Persons based on Sexual
Orientation and Gender Identity
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Guided by General Assembly Resolution 60/251, which created the Human Rights
Council and charged it with promoting and protecting civil, political, economic, social,
cultural, and development rights,
Bearing in mind the pluralistic nature of the United Nations and the importance of a
diversity of voices,
Welcoming the international efforts to protect and promote human rights and viewing
with appreciation the creation of the Panel on the Promotion and Protection of Human
Rights in a Multicultural Context, including through combating Xenophobia,
Discrimination and Intolerance, established by Human Rights Council resolution 18/20,
Taking note of the Charter of the United Nations Article 1 (7), which states “nothing
contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters
which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state,”
Emphasizing the duty of all Member States to protect all their citizens from human rights
violations,
Reaffirming efforts against discrimination on the grounds of race, color, language, sex,
religious belief, political affiliation, social status or other considerations, as stated in the
Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam,
The Human Rights Council,
1) Affirms the sovereignty of Member States as defined as non-interference in their
internal affairs;
2) Proclaims that the goals of human rights protection and promotion are primarily
a domestic prerogative and may be achieved through the combined efforts of:
a. national human rights bodies which consolidate and protect human
rights in the state on the levels of thought and practice;
specialized judicial institutions which provide protection, assistance and
empowerment to the victims of human rights violations
b. state-sponsored educational systems and community trainings which
raise awareness and educate on human rights;
3) Reminds all Member States that sexual orientation and gender identity are a
matter that falls into the domestic jurisdiction of Member States;
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4) Encourages improvements in the combat against any form of discrimination,
within a Member State’s legal framework;
5) Supports raising awareness on the diversity of traditional values and cultural
differences in order to promote tolerance among Member States;
6) Welcomes regional and international organizations as consultative players to
achieve these goals, as illustrated by:
a. the constructive role of the Doha Conference of Interfaith Dialogue;
b. the work of the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations toward
improvement of relations across cultures and combating prejudice;
7) Emphasizes the importance of cultural sovereignty, including but not limited to:
a. the freedom and respect of faiths and beliefs;
b. the protection of traditional values and customs;
c. the choice of educational policy;
8) Further encourages a vision of progress and cooperation among Member States
in regard to human rights, with respect to cultural, religious and political
traditions.
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Code: HRC/RES/1/4
Committee: The Human Rights Council
Subject: Combating Violence against Persons based on Sexual Orientation and Gender
Identity
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Guided by the Yogyakarta Principles, the International Covenants on Human Rights, and
other relevant international documents,
Realizing the need to combat violence and discrimination against persons based on sexual
orientation and gender identity,
Noting the report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights regarding
discriminatory laws, practices, and acts of violence against individuals based on their
sexual orientation and gender identity as reported in Human Rights Council (HRC)
resolution 19/41 (2011),
Recognizing Article 2 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR) which
guarantees all human beings equal rights,
Understanding the need for proper service-based resources, which means promoting
programs and assistance aimed at encouraging the welfare of all groups within society so
that equality can be achieved through state initiatives that foster the people as stated by
Article 25 of the UDHR, which means promoting programs and assistance aimed at
encouraging the welfare of all groups within society so that equality can be achieved
through State initiatives that foster the people, as stated by Article 25 of the UDHR,
Acknowledging the different needs of each component of the LGBT community,
Aware of the cultural sensitivity of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Issues
(SOGI),
Conscious of the effect of HIV/AIDS on the LGBT community,
Fully believing in the importance of Millennium Development Goal Six to combat
HIV/AIDS,
Encouraging the already existing resources of UNAIDS to be made further available to
the LGBT community,
Lauding the efforts made by Member States to advance the cause of LGBT rights and
encouraging further steps in this direction,
The Human Rights Council,
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1) Recommends the sensitization of the public sector, such as the security taskforces,
the employment sector, or the education sector, in order to decrease violence and
discrimination against the LGBT community;
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4) Suggests establishing the United Nations Program for Respect of Sexual Identity
and Promotion of Diversity through Education (UNPRIDE) as a permanent
program within the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization’s (UNESCO) human rights education sector, which shall be funded
through UNESCO’s annual budget and shall be available to Member States upon
request to:
2) Proposes to organize a panel discussion at the HRC in Geneva, Switzerland,
which will be staffed by delegates of the HRC according to equitable
geographical allocation during the next regular session, which will address the
issues regarding definitions of sexual orientation and gender identity and shall
produce a report regarding the deliberations;
3) Further proposes the establishment of a panel focusing on transgender health care
issues during the next regular session of the HRC and staffed by delegates of the
Council according to equitable geographical allocation, which shall be hosted in
Geneva, Switzerland, and which shall suggest a set of healthcare standards in the
form of a report aimed at ensuring adequate medical services for transgender
identified individuals in operation and post-operation care, especially referring to:
a) insuring qualified healthcare providers and facilities for those undergoing a
process of gender reassignment;
b) full disclosure of the physical and psychological process of gender
reassignment and its implications;
a) provide information on SOGI and related topics to the public in order to
enhance understanding and promote tolerance to the public;
b) train teachers and other educational staff, so that this personnel will be
sensitized for the special needs of the LGBT youth and will interact with them
accordingly;
c) further educate the general youth through the promotion of tolerance and
equality by developing age-appropriate education material, e.g. animated
films;
d) encourage initiatives that address the possible forms of discrimination that
LGBT people may face in the workplace;
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e) UNPRIDE shall be locally coordinated by UNESCO field offices;
f) facilitate general information on the development and exchange of health care
services concerning LGBT communities and supporting volunteer work
concerning sexual diseases especially but not limited to the field of
HIV/AIDS;
5) Further encourages Member States to remain actively engaged in insuring
adequate service based resources, such as the aforementioned initiatives, to the
LGBT community.
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Code: HRC/RES/1/3
Committee: The Human Rights Council
Subject: Combating Violence against Persons based on Sexual Orientation and Gender
Identity
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Defining the LGBTI community as: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual, and Intersex;
Noting that Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights requests equal
treatment for all humans and thereby forbids attributing different values to individuals on
the grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity,
Acknowledging the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a guiding document to
protect inherent human rights, specifically Article 2, which states that every person is
entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in the Declaration,
Recalling Human Rights Council (HRC) resolution 17/19 which noted the priority of this
issue,
Further acknowledging that peace and security, development, and human rights are the
pillars of the United Nations system and are the foundation for collective security and
well-being, and recognizing that they are interlinked and mutually reinforcing,
Recognizing that criminalizing private consensual acts violates an individual’s right to
privacy and non-discrimination and constitutes a breach of international human rights
law,
Bearing in mind state sovereignty and the respect for cultural sovereignty,
Further recognizing that sanctions which punish LGBTI rights further emphasize existing
prejudices and discriminatory practices,
Noting with satisfaction the valuable contribution made by the Universal Periodic Review
(UPR) in monitoring and compiling information regarding human rights, including those
related to the LGBTI community,
Reaffirming the Commission on Human Rights resolution 2003/53 that addresses
Member States’ obligations to ensure the protection of the inherent rights to life of all
persons under their jurisdiction,
Deeply concerned about the criminalization and lethal punishment of same-sex practices;
Affirming the right to privacy of all humans, including members of LGBTI community,
The Human Rights Council,
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1) Affirms the need for all Member States to continue international efforts to enhance
positive and progressive discourse that moves toward the decriminalization of
conducts associated with sexual orientation and gender identity;
2) Draws attention to the ongoing violence towards LGBTI communities throughout
the international community which violates their rights as outlined in the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights;
3) Encourages Member States to reexamine and consider modifying their own
domestic legislation in order to address discrimination;
4) Urges all Member States to take all necessary measures to protect and preserve
citizens’ rights including but not limited to;
a) freedom from arbitrary deprivation of liberty;
b) security of the person;
c) full access to the judicial system;
d) privacy;
e) freedom of peaceful assembly and association;
f) freedom of opinion and expression;
g) freedom of thought, conscience and religion;
h) protection of life;
5) Endorses the work of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights:
a) to further support the UPR mechanism;
b) to aid in the drafting of new laws that uphold the protection of the LGBTI
community;
c) to work with human rights academics, experts and research institutions not
related to any political entity thereby strengthening the effectiveness in
dealing with the issue;
d) in deploying fact-finding missions to existing or developing crisis zones and
inquiries into serious human rights abuses against LGBTI citizens;
e) in identifying any future situations that continue to renew the struggle for
human rights;
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6) Strongly recommends the creation of a Working Group on the Status of LGBTI
Citizens that will report to the Human Rights Council and the United Nations
High Commissioner for Human Rights in order to:
a) Evaluate the process of implementing decriminalization of LGBTI practices
among States that endeavor to do so and recommend any assistance required
in the process;
b) Observe the policies and cultural values of Member States that face greater
difficulties in providing universal human rights for their LGBTI population,
and mention the conclusions in its report in order to facilitate fuller
understanding and further discussion on this extremely sensitive matter;
7)
Draws attention to the existing violence towards LGBTI individuals throughout
the international community, specifically drawing attention to extrajudicial
killings based on sexual orientation and encourages those responsible for such
killings to be brought to justice before an independent and non-partial jury;
8)
Calls upon the Member States to cooperate and coordinate their efforts in order
to empower member states who wish to take action for the enhancement of the
LGBTI community’s living conditions to have access to the best practices by:
a) creating on OHCHR-administered database on best practices and policies
where all member states should report about action taken to target
discrimination;
b) holding an annual panel discussion about this topic with representatives from
national administrative and legislative bodies ;
c) forming a program overseen by the OHCHR that provides special training to
administrative, police and other official staff that empowers them to deal with
LGBTI issues more effectively and sensitively;
d) encouraging further bilateral solutions such as round tables, mutual expert
training and policy advice.
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Code: HRC/RES/1/4
Committee: The Human Rights Council
Subject: Combating Violence against Persons based on Sexual Orientation and Gender
Identity
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Guided by the Yogyakarta Principles, the International Covenants on Human Rights, and
other relevant international documents,
Reaffirming the outmost importance of the A/HRC/17/L.9/Rev.1 resolution and the
relevance of the consequent panel discussion on sexual orientation and gender identity
(SOGI) of the 19th session of the Human Rights Council (HRC),
Further noting the November 2011 report of the United Nations High Commissioner for
Human Rights on Discriminatory laws and practices and acts of violence against
individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity contained in HRC
resolution 19/41,
Taking into account the fundamental individual right to privacy, as encompassed within
Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 17 of the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,
Reaffirming the predominance of the principal of equal sovereignty of all Member States
as contained in Article 2 of the Charter of the United Nations,
Noting the importance of preserving cultural sovereignty for member-states, and the
necessity to promote a spirit of mutual understanding and respect for cultural and
traditional values of each member-state,
Noting the work of the United Nations Development Programme and the success of the
Global Human Rights Strengthening Programme in relation to building democratic
societies inclusive to all groups of people,
Guided by the Universal Declaration on Human Rights and the principle that “All the
human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights...without distinction of
any kind”,
Keeping in mind the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action that calls upon states
“to promote and protect all human rights and fundamentals freedoms”,
Taking into consideration the need to encourage the protection and promotion of
universal human rights specifically in the developing world and in inaccessible or rural
communities;
Deeply alarmed by the continuation of violence and discrimination against persons
based on sexual orientation and gender identity throughout the world,
Recalling the outcome of the UNHRC 19th session, specifically the
recommendations for a future panel discussion on SOGI and report to be
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conducted by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR),
Deeply convinced that discriminatory practices are barriers to mutual
understanding and cooperation between different cultures, and limits social and
economic development,
Expresses its hope in the potential for reconciliation between national governments and
LGBTI communities, to be achieved by means of implementation of measures for the
protection of universal human rights,
The Human Rights Council,
1) Recommends that future policies and actions on the topic of respect for universal
human rights for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual, and Intersex (LGBTI)
communities strive to foster a culture of mutual understanding and cooperation
between national governments and LGBTI advocacy groups;
2) Further resolves the establishment of a multilateral partnership for information­
sharing between the International Jurists Commission, the Human Rights Council
Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary, or Arbitrary Executions, and
national governments, so as to:
a. encourage international collaboration and the effective investigation of hate
crimes and extrajudicial executions;
b. work under the purview of the Universal Periodic Review and the Office of the
High Commissioner on the Human Rights;
c. enable member-states to address extrajudicial executions and crimes in
collaboration with the assistance of the Office of the High Commissioner on
Human Rights (OHCHR), at the behest of nations;
3) Recommends regional bodies, such as the European Commission of Human Rights,
the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, the African Commission on
Human and Peoples’ Rights, and the Asian- Pacific Forum of National Human
Rights Institutions, work in collaboration so as to promote universality in human
rights;
4) Encourages the training of police and law enforcement, with the purpose of fostering a
more progressive relationship between local authority and civilians, to be achieved by
means of a multilateral partnership between national governments, regional
organizations, and UN Police (UNPOL);
5) Further recommends that aforementioned training of law enforcement and national
police forces, at the behest of nations and member-states, have the following purpose:
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a. improve the sensitization of law enforcement towards hate crimes and acts of
violence targeting LGBTI communities;
b. promote a spirit of mutual understanding and tolerance;
c. aforementioned principles should guide future collaboration in the arena of
police sensitization targeting discriminatory practices, established under the
auspices of the UN;
d. enable national and local authorities to access UNPOL sensitization training
and engage in information-sharing, upon member-state request, so as to foster
self-sustainability of police forces for the future;
6) Further invites partnerships between national governments and UN organizations,
such as United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations Population Fund
(UNFPA), so as to support the establishment of Youth for Openness, an extracurricular
program with the mandate of encouraging awareness of universal human rights among
adolescents and the youth, by:
a. providing educational lessons on universal human rights, including but not
limited to:
i. right to Sustainable Peace;
ii. freedom of Expression;
iii. freedom of Choice;
iv. right to Security of the Person;
v. right to Equality and Non-Discrimination;
b. working with secondary schools and providing lessons and promoting
discussion on human rights;
c. creating a university education program, with a focus on the promotion of
universal human rights, including the rights of all people irrespective of any
classification, and providing scholarships and grants for university programs;
d. fostering collaboration between local communities, minority groups, and the
youth;
e. functioning under the budgetary allocation of the UNDP’s Democratic
Governance Thematic Trust Fund;
7) Further suggests the implementation of an international education campaign, UN
Educational Program for Anti-Discrimination and Tolerance of Minority Groups, under
the auspices of UNESCO’s current fight against discrimination, with the purpose of
educating the youth and adolescents on discriminatory practices and laws, including:
a. hate crimes;
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b. bullying;
c. national laws and policies pertaining to discrimination and universal human
rights;
8) Recommends that aforementioned educational programs, Youth for Openness and the
UN Educational Program for Anti-Discrimination and Tolerance of Minority Groups,
function as complementary programs for the advancement of education to tackle
discriminatory practices among the youth;
9) Expresses its hope for the advancement of community discussions between national
governments, local authorities and LGBTI advocacy groups and organizations, such as
the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, with the purpose of:
a. establishing a culture of openness and tolerance in communities;
b. organizational partnerships with UNESCO and aforementioned UN
Educational Program for Anti-Discrimination and Tolerance of Minority
Groups;
c. raise awareness of LGBTI rights so as to increase national and community
level discussion on the protection of universal human rights;
10) Supports the necessity to address discrimination in the workplace directed towards
LGBTI community or any other individuals, to be achieved by:
a) developing policies in order to empower all individuals in their communities
and in local decision-making;
b) actively supporting equal opportunity and right to development without
discrimination of any kind;
11) Invites member-states to participate in an annual panel discussion on the issues of
equality in universal human rights, including rights for LGBTI communities and
individuals and their rights, with the following stipulations:
a. conduct annual reports on the status of the protection of universal human
rights for LGBTI communities and individuals, in cooperation with the
Council so as to ensure an equitable and productive discussion;
b. establish a forum for dialogue and sharing of best practices in combating
discriminatory practices and violence;
c. promote sensitization and foster a spirit of intercultural awareness between
participating member-states;
d. the location of the panel discussion, hereafter titled The Panel for
Reconciliation on Discrimination, shall be determined on an annual rotating
basis by participating member states;
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12) Further encourages that aforementioned reports, to be conducted by the Panel for
Reconciliation on Discrimination, functioning in collaboration with the Council , address
the following issues areas:
a. status on the implementation of recommendations presented within the
report of the OHCHR on discriminatory laws and practices
A/HRC/19/41;
b. equality in access to basic resources for human development and
productive engagement in society, including:
i. primary, secondary, and higher level education;
ii. access to basic healthcare services;
iii. equal opportunity for employment and personal development;
iv. equality in freedom of expression;
v. right to seek asylum on the basis of discrimination;
c. best practices for addressing violence and discriminatory practices
targeting the LGBTI community;
d. future report to be conducted by the OHCHR on the role of
international human rights law in ending violence on the basis of
sexual orientation and gender identity;
e. eradication of Female Genital Mutilation and sexual and gender-based
violence;
13) Recommends member-states increase awareness on the health and wellbeing of
victims of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), including those of the LBGTI
community, and promoting the prevention of said violence, by means of:
a. workshops;
b. ministerial discussions;
c. cooperation with the aforementioned Panel for Reconciliation on
Discrimination, so as to share best practices in addressing SGBV targeting the
LGBTI community;
16) Affirms that acts of violence and discrimination do not constitute legitimate
expressions of opinion, but rather unlawful acts or offences;
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17) Expresses its hope in that member-states will consider measures to introduce anti­
discriminatory laws and legislation inclusive to all minorities, including sexual minority
groups;
18) Encourages the Human Rights Council to strengthen the role of the Independent
Expert on Cultural Rights so as to include multilateral advocacy for universal human
rights as a means by which to promote intercultural awareness and reconciliation with the
culture of the LGBT community;
19) Declares accordingly that all future references to the conceptualization of gender
identity and sexual orientation be guided by the definition provided for in the Yogyakarta
Principles.
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