THB CHINA HANDS' LEGACY: INAUGURAL EVENT: MAUREEN and MIKE MANSFIELD CENTER
A CONFERENCE: APRIL 1.9·20, 1984,
UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA
JOHN PATON DAVIES, former foreign service officer, China
JOHN FREMONT MELBY, former foreign service officer, China
JOHN W. POWELL, former editor, China Weekly Review, Shanghai
PAUL GORDON LAUREN, professor of history, University of Montana
ERNEST R. MAY, Charles Warren Professor of history, Harvard University
AKIRA IRIYE, Distinguished Service Professor of history and chairman,
Department of History, University of Chicago
IMMANUEL C.Y. HSU, professor of history, University of California,
Santa Barbara
American foreign service officers and journalists suffered personally and
professionally for reporting events as they saw them in China during and
after World War II. Forty years later, their experiences provide a case
study for the exploration of the ethical dilemmas posed when an individual
is caught between the policy of his government and what he considers
the empirical truth.
Partially fUnded by the Montana Committee for the Humanities
John Paton Davies
John Paton Davies was born in China in 1908 to
American missionaries. He earned a B.S. from
Columbia University in 1931, then joined the U.S.
Foreign Service. He had assignments in several
Chinese cities. During World War II he was political
adviser to General Joseph W. StilwelL commanding
general of the U.S. Forces in the China-India-Burma
Theater. He won the Medal of Freedom following a
parachute jump into the Bum1ese jungles. From
1947 to 1951 he worked on tl1e Policy Planning Staff
of the Department of State. Caught up in the
McCarthy-era controversy over "the loss of China,"
he was fired in 1951 by Secretary of State John
Foster Dulles. His security clearance was restored In
1969. Mr. Davies is the author of Foreign & Other
Affairs and Dragon by the TaiL
John Fremont Melby
John Fremont Melby was born in Portland, Oregon.
He received his doctorate from the University of
Chicago. He served in China as aU.S. Foreign Service
officer. He was director ofthe U.S. Educational Foun­
dation in China in 1948 and chairman of military
assistance missions to the Philippines and
Southeast Asia from 1949 to 1950. He was the
principal author of United States Relations with
China, known as the China White Paper. His other
books include The Mandate oflfeaven: Record ofa
Civil War, China 1945·49. In 1966 Professor Melby
became chairman of the Department of Political
Studies at the University ofGuelph in Ontario. Now a
professor emeritus, he continues to teach and do
research.
John W. Powell
John W. Powell was born in Shanghai. .Educated at
the University ofMissouri, Mr. Powell worked in 1940
as a newsman in China before joining the U.S. Office
ofWar Information as an editor attheoutsetofWorld
War II. In 1943 he was assigned to China. From 1945
to 1953 he edited the China Weekly Review in
Shanghai and was described in the American press
as "a fearless newspaperman" and one of the best-
informed young newsmen on conditions in China.
Having returned to the United States in the 1950s, he
was charged by the U.S. government with sedition
because ofhis articles opposing the Korean War. The
charges were eventually dropped. Mr. Powell now
lives in San Francisco and writes about Chinese and
Japanese affairs.
Paul Gordon Lauren
Paul Gordon Lauren was named the first Professor of
the Ambassador Mansfield Course on International
Relations at the University of Montana. He has
published two books, Diplomacy: New Approaches
in lfistory, Theory, and Policy and Diplomats and
Bureaucrats, in addition to numerous articles on
diplomatic history, International politics, crisis
management. and national security questions in
Diplomatic lfistory, International Studies Quar­
terly, Journal of Conflict Resolution, International
lfistory Review, and lfuman Rights Quarterly. Pro­
fessor Lauren received his doctorate from Stanford
University where he was a Woodrow Wilson Fellow
and where he has taught on several occasions. He is
a professor of history at the University of Montana.
Akira Iriye
Akira lriye was born in Japan in 1934. He received his
Ph.D. in U.S. and Far Eastern history from Harvard in
1961. He has taught at Harvard, the University of
California at Santa Cruz, the University of Rochester
and the UniversityofCalifornia atBerkeley. Hejoined
the faculty at the University of Chicago in 1969 and
has been chairman of the history department since
1979. In 1983 he was named Distinguished Service
Professor of American Diplomatic History. He is
chairman of the Committee on Ametican·EastAsian
Relations ofthe American Historical Association. He
has written eight books. including Power and
Culture: the Japanese-American War, 1941-1945.
He won Japan's Yoshida Shigeru Prize for the best
book in the field of international relations in 1979.
Immanuel C.Y. Hsu
Immanuel C.Y. Hsu was born in Shanghai in 1923.
He earned a B.A. from Yenching University in Peking
in 1946 and a Ph.D. from Harvard in 1954. He has
been a member ofthe history faculty at the University
of California. Santa Barbara, since 1959. He has
received Guggenheim and Fulbright fellowships and
was sent to China in the spring of 1983 by the
National Academy of Sciences as a distinguished
scholar. In 1971, he was designated a faculty
research lecturer, his university's highest faculty
distinction. Professor Hsu is the author of several
books, including China Wit/tout Mao: The Search for
a New Orderand China's Entrance into the Family of
Nations: The Diplomatic Phase. 1858-1880. His
book The Rise of Modem China won the
Commonwealth Literary Prize of California in 1971.
Ernest R. May
Ernest Richard May received his Ph.D. from the
University of California at Los Angeles in 1951, and
began teaching at Harvard in 1954. He was dean of
Harvard College from 1969 to 1971, director of the
Institute ofPolitics from 1971 to 1974 and chairman
of the Department of History from 1976 to 1979. He
was named Charles Warren Professor of History in
1981. Professor May is a member of the Council on
Foreign Relations and a fellow of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences. His books include
The World War andAmerican Isolation, 1914-17, for
which he won the George Louis Beer Prize of the
American Historical Association In 1959; The
Ultimate Decision: The President as Commander-in­
Chief. 1960; and Lessons of the Past: The Use and
Misuse oflfistory inAmerican Foreign Policy, 1973.
THURSDAY APRIL19,1984 9 a.m. Address
"The China Hands In Practice: The Personal Experience." John Paton Davies. former U.S. Foreign Service officer, China. Underground Lecture Hall. Luncheon
Noon
''McCarthyism: An Overview. " John Fremont Melby. former U.S. Foreign Service officer and former chairman , DepartmentofPolitical Studies, UniversityofGuelph, Ontario. University Center Ballroom. Address
"The China Hands in History: American Diplomacy in the Far East."
Akira lriye. Distinguished Service professor of history
and chairman , Department of History, University of Chicago.
Underground Lecture Hall.
Keynote Address
"The China Hands in Perspective: Ethics, Diplomacy and Statecraft."
f:mest R. May. Charles Warren professor of history,
John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.
University Center Ballroom.
FRIDAY APRIL 20, 1984
9 a. .
Symposium
"Ethics and Diplomacy: The China Hands' Experience as
Lesson and Legacy."
University Center Ballroom.
Moderatol'r Paul Gordon Lauren. professor of lristory,
University of Montana.
Panelists: Immanuel C.Y. Hsu. professor of history
University of California, Santa Barbara.
John W. Powell. former editor, China Weekly Review,
Shanghai.
John Fremont Melby
John Paton Davies
Akira lriye
f:rnest May
Discussion
"The China Hands and Chinese History." Immanuel C.Y. Hsu, author of The Rise of Modem China. Montana Rooms, University Center. Discussion
"The China Hands and the Press: A Journalist's Retrospective." John W. Powell School of Journalism Ubrary. A Selected Bibliography of Source Material on
THE CHINA HANDS' LEGACY: ETHICS AND DIPLOMACY
Available From the Mansfield Library
(Materials will be located in
~he
Reserve Readi.ng Room during the Conference)
Acheson, Dean. Present at the Creation: My Years in the State Department. New
York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1969. (327.73/A17722)
American-East Asian Relations: A Survey. Contributions by Burton F. Beers (and
others): Edited by Ernest R. May and James C. Thomson Jr. Cambridge, Mass.:
Harvard University Press, 1972. (327.73059/A5123)
Barrett, David D. Dixie Mission: The United States Army Observer Group in Yenan,
1944. Berkeley: China Research Monographs, University of California, 1970.
(327 .730951 /B27 4d)
Bok, Sissela. Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life. New York: Pantheon
Books, 1978. (177.3/B6861)
Borg, Dorothy. The United States and the Far Eastern Crisis of 1933-1938.
Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1964. (951.8/B732u)
Buhite, Russel D. Patrick J. Hurley and American Foreign Policy. lthica: Cornell
UAiversity Press, 1973. (327.73/H965Zb)
Clubb, 0. Edmund. Twentieth Century China. New York: Columbia University Press,
1978. (951.04/C649t/1978)
Davies, John Paton, Jr. Dragon by the Tail: American, British, Japanese and Russian
Encounters with China and One Another. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1972.
(327.51/D256d)
- - - · Foreign and Other Affairs. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1964.
(327.73/D256f)
Dulles, Foster Rhea. American Policy toward China: The Historical Record. New
York: T.Y. Crowell, 1972. (327.730951/D883a).
Feis, Herbert. The China Tangle: The A'merican Effort in China from Pearl Harbor to
the Marshall Mission. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1953.
(327.730951 I F299c)
Hoffmann, Stanley. Duties Beyond Borders: On the Limits & Possibilities of Ethical
lnternatioryal Politics. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1981. (on order)
Heopes, Townsend: The Devil and John Foster Do1/es: The Diplomacy of the
Eisenhower Era. Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press-Little Brown, 1973.
(327 .73/D883zh)
Hsu, Immanuel Chung-yueh. The Rise of Modern China. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1970. (951.03/H8733r)
lriye, Ak.ira. The Cold War in Asia; A Historical Introduction. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:
Prentice-Hall, 1974. (327.5/168c)
Kahn, Ely Jacques, Jr. The China Hands: America's Foreign Service Officers and
What Befell Th.em. New York: Viking Press, 1972. (327.730951/K12c)
Keeley, Joseph C. The China Lobby Man: The Story of Alfred Kohlberg. New
Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1969. (973.91/K794zk)
Kennan, George F. Memoirs: 1925-1950. Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press-Little
Brown, 1967. (327.73/K34z)
·
Kubek, Anthony. How the Far East Was Lost: American Policy and the Creation of
Communist China, 1941-1949. Chicago: Henry Regnery Co., 1963.
(327.730951/K95h)
Latham, Earl. The Communist Controversy in Washington: From the New Deal to
McCarthy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1966. (335.43/L352c)
Lefever, Ernest W., ed. Ethics and World Politics; Four Perspectives. Baltimore,
Johns Hopkins Univers,ity Press, 1972. (172.4/E84)
Mao Tse-tung. Selected Works. Peking: Foreign Language Press, 1965.
(951.04/M296ab.E/1965)
May, Ernest R. Lessons of the Past: The Use and Misuse of History in American
Foreign Policy. New York: Oxford University Press, 197.3. (327.73/M4661)
Melby, John F. The Mandate of Hepven. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1968.
(951.042/M5319m)
- - -· "The Origins of the Cold War in China." Pacific Affairs, Spring, 1968.
(327.9/P117)
The Reporter. Articles on the China Lobby. April 29, 1952. (051/R425)
Service, John S. "Edgar Snow: Some Personal Reminiscences." China Quarterly,
April-June, 1972. (951.005/C539)
Service, John S. and Akira lriye. Lost Chance in China, Edited by Joseph W.
Esherick. New York : Random House, 1974. (320.951/S4911)
Shewmaker, Kenneth E. Americans and Chinese Communists, 1927-1947: A
Persuading Encounter. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1971.
(327.730951 /S554a)
Snow, Edgar. The Other Side of the River: Red China Today. New York: Random
House, 1962. (951.05/S674o)
Stanton , Edwin· F. Brief Authority: Excursions of a Common Man in an Uncommon
World. New York: Harper & Bros., 1956. (951.04/S792b)
Terrill, Ross. "When America 'Lost' China." The Atlantic, November, 1969.
(051 / A881)
Tsou, Tang . America's Failure in China: 1941-1950. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1963. (327 .730951/T882a)
Tuchman , Barbara W. Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911-45. New
York : Macmillan, 1971. (973.91 / S857Zt)
United States Government. Hearings, U.S. Senate, 89th Congress, 2d Session,
before Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Policy with Respect to Mainland
China. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966.
(Y/4.F76/2:C44/5)
- - -· Hearings, 92d Congress, 1st Session, The Evolution of U.S. Policy Toward
Mainland China (includes Hearings, Committee on Foreign Relations, 79th
Congress, 1st Session, The Situation in the Far East, Particularly China.)
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971. (Y/4.F76/2:C44/7)
___, The China White Paper, A Summary with Commentary of the Department of
State 's "United States Relations With China." Washington, D.C.: The Library of
Congress, 1949. (LC14.9:77-81, 83)
Van Slyke, Lyman P. (ed.). The Chinese Communst Movement: A Report of the
United States War Department, July, 1945. Stanford: Stanford University Press,
1968. (335 .430951/V 58c)
White, Theodore H. (ed.) The Stilwell Papers. New York: William Sloane Associates,
1948. (940.54/S857s)
___ (with Annalee Jacoby). Thunder Out of China. New York: William Sloane
Associates, 1946. (951.0425/W589t)
Wolfers , Arnold. "Statesmanship and Moral Choice," Discord and Collaboration;
Essays on International Politics. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1962.
(909.82/ W855d)
A display of China Hands information. as well as artifacts from the Mansfield
collection. will be on display during the conference.
MAUREEN AND MIKE MANSFIELD CENTER This inaugural event of the Maureen and Mike Mansfield
Center at the University ofMot:ttana embraces the center's two
primary areas of interest - Asian Studies and Ethics in
Public Affairs, subjects with which Mike Mansfield has
long been identified. A University of Montana alumnus and
former faculty member, Mansfield seiVed Montana for 10
years in the Honse of Representatives and for 24 in the
Senate. When he retired from that body in 1976, he had
become the longest-seiVing Senate Majority Leader in
the nation's history. Since 1977, he has been U.S.
Ambassador to Japan. His wife, Maureen, whom Mansfield
credits with being responsible for much of his success,
is also a graduate of the University of Montana. The
Maureen and Mike Mansfield Center was established to
recognize the Mansfields' public seiVice contributions over
more than four decades.
China Hands Conference Committee
Charles E. Hood, dean, School ofJournalism (chairman)
James J. Lopach, chairman, Department ofPolitical Science
Thomas P. Huff, chairman, Department ofPhilosophy
Mark Clark, professor of health and recreation
Ruth J. Patrick, dean ofLibrary Services
Paul Gordon Lauren, professor of history
John 0. Mudd, dean, School of Law
Graphic Designer
Patricia J. Reksten, visiting lecturer, School ofJournalism
Poster Artist
Monte Dolack
· Special Thanks to
'Karen Kaley, secretary, School ofJournalism, for her many hours ofwork in support ofthis conference.
This conference is being videotaped for future broadcast by the University of Montana Department of Radio-Television. ~" 6335-UM Printing Services