United States
Department of
Agriculture
Forest Service
Recent Publications
of the Pacific Northwest Research Station
Pacific Northwest
Research Station
RE
TU
DE PA
RT
Fourth Quarter, 2011
MENT OF AGRI C U L
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cover for more
information.
Contents
About the Pacific Northwest Research Station .................................................... 1
Subscribe to Our RSS Feeds .................................................................................... 2
Locate Publications by Using Treesearch ............................................................ 3
Station Publications ................................................................................................... 4
Journals and Other Publications ............................................................................10
Order Form .................................................................................... I nside back cover
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Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fourth Quarter, 2011
The Pacific Northwest Research Station
The Pacific Northwest (PNW) Research Station is one of 11 research units in the
USDA Forest Service. The research units collectively conduct the most extensive
and productive program of integrated forestry research in the world. The PNW
Research Station was established in 1925. The station has its headquarters in
Portland, Oregon; 11 research laboratories and centers in Alaska, Oregon, and
Washington; and 11 active experimental areas (watershed, range, and experimental
forests). The station also conducts research in more than 20 research natural areas.
Our mission is to generate and communicate scientific knowledge that helps
people understand and make informed choices about people, natural resources,
and the environment.
PNW Research Station Laboratories and Centers
Anchorage
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
3301 C Street, Suite 200
Anchorage, AK 99503-3954
Corvallis
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
3200 SW Jefferson Way
Corvallis, OR 97331-4401
Fairbanks
Boreal Ecology Cooperative
Research Unit
University of Alaska Fairbanks
P.O. Box 756780
Fairbanks, AK 99775-6780
Juneau
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
11305 Glacier Highway
Juneau, AK 99801-8545
La Grande
Forestry and Range Sciences Laboratory
1401 Gekeler Lane
La Grande, OR 97850-3368
Olympia
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
3625 93rd Avenue SW
Olympia, WA 98512-9193
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Forestry Sciences Laboratory
620 SW Main, Suite 400
P.O. Box 3890
Portland, OR 97208-3890
Prineville
Western Wildland Environmental
Threat Assessment Center
3160 NE 3rd Street
P.O. Box 490
Prineville, OR 97754
Seattle
Pacific Wildland Fire Sciences
Laboratory
400 N 34th Street, Suite 201
Seattle, WA 98103
Sitka
Alaska Wood Utilization Research
and Development Center
204 Siginaka Way
Sitka, AK 99835-7316
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Forestry Sciences Laboratory
1133 N Western Avenue
Wenatchee, WA 98801-1229
1
PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
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Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fourth Quarter, 2011
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PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
Station Publications
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Bibliographies
12-001M
►Pacific
Northwest Research Station. 2011.
Recent publications of the Pacific Northwest
Research Station, second and third quarter, 2011.
Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.
20 p.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/2-3q11.pdf
Climate Change
11-219S
►Peterson,
David L.; Millar, Connie I.; Joyce, Linda
A. [et al.]. 2011.
Responding to climate change in national forests:
a guidebook for developing adaptation options.
Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-855. Portland, OR: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific
Northwest Research Station. 109 p.
This guidebook contains science-based principles,
processes, and tools necessary to assist with developing adaptation options for national forest lands.
The adaptation process is based on partnerships
between local resource managers and scientists who
work collaboratively to understand potential climate
4
change effects, identify important resource issues,
and develop management options that can capitalize
on new opportunities and reduce deleterious effects.
Because management objectives and sensitivity of
resources to climate change differ among national
forests, appropriate processes and tools for developing adaptation options may also differ. Regardless of
specific processes and tools, the following steps are
recommended: (1) become aware of basic climate
change science and integrate that understanding
with knowledge of local resource conditions and
issues (review), (2) evaluate sensitivity of specific
natural resources to climate change (rank), (3)
develop and implement strategic and tactical options
for adapting resources to climate change (resolve),
and (4) monitor the effectiveness of adaptation
options (observe) and adjust management as needed.
Results of recent case studies on adaptation in
national forests and national parks can facilitate
integration of climate change in resource management and planning and make the adaptation process
more efficient. Adaptation to climate change will
be successful only if it can be fully implemented in
established planning processes and other operational
aspects of national forest management.
Keywords: Adaptation, climate change, national
forests, national parks, science-management
partnership, vulnerability assessment.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr855.pdf
Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fourth Quarter, 2011
Economics
11-341S
►Warren,
D. 2011.
Harvest, employment, exports, and prices in
Pacific Northwest forests, 1965–2010. Gen.
Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-857. Portland, OR: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific
Northwest Research Station. 17 p.
Provides historical information on log harvest;
employment in the forest industries; international
trade in logs, lumber, and chips; and volume and
average prices of sawtimber stumpage sold by
national forests.
Keywords: Log harvest, employment (forest
products industries), exports (forest products),
stumpage prices.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr857.pdf
Fire/Fuels
11-322S
►Werth,
2011.
P.A.; Potter, B.E.; Clements, C.B. [et al.].
Synthesis of knowledge of extreme fire behavior:
volume I for fire managers. Gen. Tech. Rep.
PNW-GTR-854. Portland, OR: U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Research Station. 144 p.
The National Wildfire Coordinating Group definition of extreme fire behavior (EFB) indicates a
level of fire behavior characteristics that ordinarily
precludes methods of direct control action. One or
more of the following is usually involved: high rate
of spread, prolific crowning/spotting, presence of
fire whirls, and strong convection column. Predictability is difficult because such fires often exercise
some degree of influence on their environment and
behave erratically, sometimes dangerously. Alternate
terms include “blow up” and “fire storm.”
Fire managers examining fires over the last
100 years have come to understand many of the
factors necessary for EFB development. This work
produced guidelines included in current firefighter
training, which presents the current methods of predicting EFB by using the crown fire model, which is
based on the environmental influences of weather,
fuels, and topography. Current training does not
include the full extent of scientific understanding.
Material in current training programs is also not
the most recent scientific knowledge. National Fire
Plan funds have sponsored newer research related
to wind profiles’ influence on fire behavior, plume
growth, crown fires, fire dynamics in live fuels, and
conditions associated with vortex development. Of
significant concern is that characteristic features
of EFB depend on conditions undetectable on the
ground, relying fundamentally on invisible properties such as wind shear or atmospheric stability.
Obviously no one completely understands all
the factors contributing to EFB because of gaps in
our knowledge. These gaps, as well as the limitations as to when various models or indices apply
should be noted to avoid application where they are
not appropriate or warranted. The objective of this
project is to synthesize existing EFB knowledge in a
way that connects the weather, fuel, and topographic
factors that contribute to development of EFB. This
synthesis will focus on the state of the science, but
will also consider how that science is currently
presented to the fire management community,
including incident commanders, fire behavior
analysts, incident meteorologists, National Weather
Service office forecasters, and firefighters. It will
seek to clearly delineate the known, the unknown,
and areas of research with the greatest potential
impact on firefighter protection.
Keywords: Extreme fire behavior, fuels, fire
behavior.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr854.pdf
5
PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
Landscape Ecology
11-361M
►White,
R. 2011.
Landscape models: helping land managers
think big. Science Update 21. Portland, OR: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific
Northwest Research Station. 12 p.
What’s a land manager to do with limited financial
resources when fire risk is already unacceptably
high in forest stands home to federally protected
species, and an insect outbreak occurs on neighboring land? A challenge like this calls for a strategic,
coordinated effort among ownerships across the
landscape. The Integrated Landscape Assessment
Project (ILAP), led by scientists with the Pacific
Northwest Research Station, is working with public
and private land managers in Arizona, New Mexico,
Oregon, and Washington to help prioritize land
management at the watershed scale. ILAP models
let users evaluate potential scenarios and develop
a pathway through complex problems toward a
decision. ILAP can be used to assess wildlife
habitat, community economics, fire risk, vegetation
development, and likely effects of climate change.
Keywords: Integrated landscape management
project, ILAP, interagency mapping and assessment
project, IMAP.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/science-update-21.pdf
Monitoring
11-269S
►Moeur,
2011.
M.; Ohmann, J.L.; Kennedy, R.E. [et al.].
Northwest Forest Plan—the first 15 years (1994–
2008): status and trends of late-successional
and old-growth forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNWGTR-853. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Research Station. 48 p.
Late-successional and old-growth (LSOG) monitoring characterizes the status and trends of older
forests to answer such questions as: How much older
forest is there? Where is it? How much has changed
and from what causes? Is the Northwest Forest
6
Plan (the Plan) maintaining or restoring older forest
ecosystems to desired conditions on federal lands
in the Plan area? This assessment is the second in a
continuous monitoring cycle. We initially reported
on LSOG status and trends from 1994 to 2003 in
the “10-year report.” This document, the mid-cycle
“15-year report,” updates the assessment to 2006 in
Washington and Oregon and to 2007 in California.
The next major assessment will be the 20-year
report.
We used maps of forest vegetation and
change and regional inventory plot data to assess
the distribution and trends of LSOG on federal and
other lands in the Plan area over the monitoring
periods 1994 to 2007 in California and 1996 to
2006 in Washington and Oregon. We used statistical
mapping techniques to develop maps of forest
composition and structure at the two monitoring
cycle endpoints (“bookend” maps), and yearly maps
of forest disturbance. From the two bookend maps
we assessed changes in the amount and distribution
of LSOG (defined as average diameter of overstory
conifers >20 in and conifer canopy cover >10
percent) over time. We used the disturbance maps to
characterize the agents of change (harvest, wildfire,
and insects/disease) associated with areas mapped as
LSOG loss from the bookend maps. To corroborate
the mapped information, we estimated LSOG area
from two successive forest inventories from which
such data were available (Forest Service and Oregon
Bureau of Land Management lands), and compiled
the first Plan-wide estimates of LSOG on all ownerships from a regionally consistent inventory design.
The bookend maps suggested a slight net loss
(-1.9 percent) of LSOG from federal lands in the
Plan area, from 33.2 percent of federal forest to 32.6
percent (from 7.3 to 7.1 million ac). Trends varied
by province, but in all cases, the net changes were
small relative to the sources of error and uncertainty
in the estimates, which limit our ability to estimate
the precise amount of LSOG change. Nevertheless,
strong evidence suggests that >200,000 ac of LSOG
were lost to stand-replacing disturbance (mostly
wildfire) on federal lands. Almost 90 percent of the
loss of federal LSOG was from reserves. The losses
apparently were roughly balanced by recruitment,
although recruitment is much more difficult to
estimate than disturbance with available data and
technology. Recruitment was most likely through
incremental stand growth over the 20-in threshold,
Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fourth Quarter, 2011
or from understory disturbances that eliminated
smaller diameter trees and increased average stand
diameter. Increases in the area of forests of much
larger and older trees are unlikely to occur over the
10- to 14-year monitoring period.
The results support the assumption made
in the Plan that the primary responsibility for
maintaining or restoring LSOG and related habitats
in the Pacific Northwest would fall to public lands.
Wildfire was the most significant change agent
for LSOG on federal lands over the Plan area, and
will continue to be a key consideration for policies
affecting older forests, associated species, and
watershed conditions.
Keywords: Old growth, forest monitoring, Gradient
Nearest Neighbor imputation, LandTrendr change
detection, Pacific Northwest.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr853.pdf
2011.
►Donnegan,
B.A. 2011.
J.A.; Butler, S.L.; Kuegler, O.; Hiserote,
Federated States of Micronesia’s forest resources,
2006. Resour. Bull. PNW-RB-262. Portland, OR:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Pacific Northwest Research Station. 50 p.
The Forest Inventory and Analysis program collected, analyzed, and summarized field data on
73 forested field plots on the islands of Kosrae,
Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Yap in the Federated States
of Micronesia (FSM). Estimates of forest area, tree
stem volume and biomass, the numbers of trees,
tree damages, and the distribution of tree sizes were
summarized for this statistical sample. Detailed
tables and graphical highlights provide a summary
of FSM’s forest resources and a comparison to prior
vegetation mapping and inventory work.
Resource Inventory
Keywords: Federated States of Micronesia, Kosrae,
Chuuk, Pohnpei, Yap, biomass, damage, Forest
Inventory and Analysis, forest inventory, volume.
J.A.; Trimble, S.T.; Kusto, K. [et al.].
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_rb262.pdf
11-172S
►Donnegan,
11-173S
Republic of the Marshall Islands’ forest
resources, 2008. Resour. Bull. PNW-RB-263.
Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.
29 p.
The Forest Inventory and Analysis program collected, analyzed, and summarized field data on 44
forested field plots for the 10 largest atoll groups in
the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI): Ailinglaplap, Arno, Jaluit, Kwajalein, Likiep, Majuro,
Maloelap, Mili, Rongelap, and Wotje. Estimates
of forest area, tree stem volume and biomass, the
numbers of trees, tree damages, and the distribution
of tree sizes were summarized for this statistical
sample. A variety of tables with graphical highlights
provide a summary of RMI’s forest resources and a
comparison to prior vegetation mapping and inventory work.
Keywords: RMI, Ailinglaplap, Arno, Jaluit,
Kwajalein, Likiep, Majuro, Maloelap, Mili,
Rongelap, Wotje, biomass, damage, Forest Inventory
and Analysis (FIA), forest inventory, volume.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_rb263.pdf
11-174S
►Donnegan,
B.A. 2011.
J.A.; Butler, S.L.; Kuegler, O.; Hiserote,
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands’
forest resources, 2004. Resour. Bull. PNW-RB-261.
Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.
40 p.
The Forest Inventory and Analysis program collected, analyzed, and summarized field data on 37
field plots on the islands of Rota, Tinian, and Saipan
in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
Islands (CNMI). Estimates of forest area, tree stem
volume and biomass, the numbers of trees, tree
damages, and the distribution of tree sizes were
summarized for this statistical sample. Detailed
tables and graphical highlights provide a summary
of the CNMI’s forest resources and a comparison to
prior vegetation mapping work.
Keywords: CNMI, biomass, damage, Forest
Inventory and Analysis, forest inventory, volume.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_rb261.pdf
7
PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
Social Sciences
Threatened, Endangered,
Sensitive Species
12-020M
►Kirkland,
J. 2011.
Growing quality of life: urban trees, birth
weight, and crime. Science Findings 137. Portland,
OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Pacific Northwest Research Station. 6 p.
City dwellers can find many reasons to value
neighborhood trees. Urban greenery provides relief
from the built environment that many people find
appealing. In fact, a previous study found that a tree
in front of a home increased that home’s sale price
by more than $7,000. Two new studies explore the
measurable effects that urban trees and green spaces
have on human health and crime rates. Geoffrey
Donovan, an economist and research forester with
the Pacific Northwest Research Station, used public
health data, crime statistics, tax records, aerial photos, and other information in the two recent studies.
He found that women who live in houses with more
trees are less likely to have underweight babies. The
study on crime revealed a more complex relationship. Larger trees, including trees located near the
street, are associated with a lower incidence of
property crimes. Larger numbers of smaller trees—
especially trees planted near the home, which may
provide a screen for burglars—are associated with
higher crime. Cities within the Portland, Oregon,
metropolitan area are using this information as they
rewrite street tree regulations. Likewise, local crime
prevention programs and tree planting advocates are
sharing the findings with urban residents.
Keywords: Urban trees, green spaces, human health,
birth weight, crime, Portland, Oregon.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/sciencef/scifi137.pdf
12-005M
►Parks,
N. 2011.
Engineering a future for amphibians under a
changing climate. Science Findings 136. Portland,
OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Pacific Northwest Research Station. 6 p.
Threats to the survival of amphibians, such as
disease and habitat loss, are exacerbated by climate
variation. Yet, many existing species- and landmanagement plans give little if any consideration
to climate impacts. Moreover, many management
actions that do address emerging climate patterns
have yet to be evaluated for feasibility and effectiveness. To help address these needs, research ecologist
Dede Olson and her colleagues compiled an array
of novel management actions from around the
world that aim to mitigate climate change effects
on amphibians. One set of approaches focuses on
helping vulnerable species endure weather extremes
by establishing or improving refugia such as riparian
buffers and maintaining ponds by using artificial
wetting systems, and providing logs and other
shelter microhabitats. Another approach involves
restoring riparian and wetland sites and improving
connectivity between habitat “islands.” A third strategic avenue entails using hydrological engineering
to retain amphibian-friendly water levels in ponds,
streams, and lakes. To stimulate further advances
in effective management interventions that benefit
amphibians and to facilitate global networking
among conservationists, researchers have launched a
Web site for building an online knowledge bank.
Keywords: Amphibians, climate change, refugia.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/sciencef/scifi136.pdf
8
Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fourth Quarter, 2011
Wildlife
11-206S
►Davis,
R.J.; Dugger, K.M.; Mohoric, S. [et al.]. 2011.
Northwest Forest Plan—the first 15 years (1994–
2008): status and trends of northern spotted
owl populations and habitats. Gen. Tech. Rep.
PNW-GTR-850. Portland, OR: U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Research Station. 147 p.
This is the second in a series of periodic monitoring
reports on northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis
caurina) population and habitat trends on federally
administered lands since implementation of the
Northwest Forest Plan in 1994. Here we summarize
results from a population analysis that included
data from longterm demographic studies during
1985–2008. This data was analyzed separately by
study area, and also in a meta-analysis across all
study areas to assess temporal and spatial patterns
in fecundity, apparent survival, recruitment, and
annual rates of population change. Estimated rates
of annual population decline ranged from 0.4 to 7.1
percent across federal study areas (weighted average
of 2.8 percent). Covariates for barred owls (Strix
varia), weather, climate, habitat, and reproductive
success were analyzed and had varying degrees of
association with owl demographic parameters. We
now have more evidence that increasing numbers
of barred owls and loss of nesting/roosting habitat
contributed to demographic declines in some study
areas.
We also summarize results from a habitat
analysis that used the above data in conjunction
with remotely sensed data from 1994 to 2007 to
develop “habitat suitability” models and habitat
maps. These maps were used to quantify the amount
and distribution of owl habitats. We also report on
causes of habitat change during this period. On
federal lands, nesting/roosting habitat declined by
3.4 percent rangewide, with some physiographic
provinces experiencing losses of 10 percent.
Dispersal habitat increased by 5.2 percent, but
dispersal-capable landscapes declined by 1 percent.
Wildfire remains the leading cause of habitat loss.
We developed a rangewide “wildfire suitability”
model and map to illuminate the portions of the
owl’s range where suitable nesting/roosting habitat
overlaps with landscapes suitable for the occurrence
of large wildfires. Barred owls and management of
owl habitat in fire-prone areas continue to be topics
for future monitoring, research, and management
consideration.
Keywords: Northwest Forest Plan, effectiveness
monitoring, northern spotted owl, geographic
information system, owl habitat, habitat suitability,
wildfire suitability, demographic study, remote
sensing, predictive model, habitat model.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr850.pdf
9
PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
Journals and Other Publications
The following publications were not published by the Pacific Northwest (PNW) Research
Station, although the work was supported by the station. These publications may be viewed
online at the USDA Research and Development Treesearch Web site listed under each article. If you would like a hard copy, you may print the articles from this Web site. For more
information about Treesearch, see page 3 of this report. You may also obtain hard copies
through university libraries or from the publisher; some outlets may charge for these services. Forestry libraries in the Northwest receive proceedings volumes and subscribe to the
journals in which PNW authors publish. Some forestry libraries in the Northwest are:
Valley Library
Natural Sciences Library
Oregon State University
Box 352900
Corvallis, OR 97331
University of Washington
(Visit or request article from
Seattle, WA 98195-2900
the Interlibrary Loan section)
(To visit only)
Interlibrary Borrowing Services
Suzzallo Library, FM 25
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
(To request article only)
Aquatic/Riparian Ecosystems
►Beaulieu,
2011.
J.J.; Tank, J.L.; Hamilton, S.K. [et al.].
Nitrous oxide emission from denitrification in
stream and river networks. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States
of America. 108(1): 214–219.
Keywords: Aquatic ecosystems, biogeochemistry,
nitrogen, isotopes, stream channel networks.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39606
►Binckley,
C.A.; Wipfli, M.S.; Medhurst, R.B.;
Polivka, K. [et al.]. 2010.
Ecoregion and land-use influence invertebrate
and detritus transport from headwater streams.
Freshwater Biology. 55: 1205–1218.
Keywords: Aquatic invertebrate, ecoregion,
headwater stream, logging, subsidy.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39650
10
University of Alaska Library
3211 Providence Drive
Anchorage, AK 99508
(Visit or request article from the
Interlibrary Loan section)
►Janisch,
J.E.; Foster, A.D.; Ehinger, W.J. 2011.
Characteristics of small headwater wetlands in
second-growth forests of Washington, U.S.A.
Forest Ecology and Management. 261: 1265–1274.
Keywords: Forested wetlands, headwaters, logging,
down wood, amphibians, seep, Pacific Northwest.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39623
►Zarnetske,
J.P.; Haggerty, R.; Wondzell, S.M.;
Baker, M.A. 2011.
Dynamics of nitrate production and removal as a
function of residence time in the hyporheic zone.
Journal of Geophysical Research. 116: G01025. 1–12.
Keywords: Hyporheic, nitrogen cycling, nitrification,
denitrification, residence time.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39679
Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fourth Quarter, 2011
Biometrics
►
Temesgen, H.; Monleon, V.; Weiskittel, A.; Wilson,
D. 2011.
Sampling strategies for efficient estimation of
tree foliage biomass. Forest Science. 57(2): 153–163.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39674
Botany
►Molina,
2011.
R.; Horton, T.R.; Trappe, J.M.; Marcot, B.G.
Addressing uncertainty: how to conserve and
manage rare or little-known fungi. Fungal
Ecology. 4: 134–146.
Keywords: Adaptive management, expert
knowledge, fungus conservation, habitat modeling,
species vs. systems approaches.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39634
Climate Change
D.J.; Howe, G.T.; Anderson, P.D.; St. Clair,
J.B. 2010.
►
Donovan, G.H.; Michael, Y.L.; Butry, D.T. [et al.].
2011.
Urban trees and the risk of poor birth outcomes.
Health & Place. 17: 390–393.
Keywords: Reproductive health, small for gestational
age, preterm birth, urban trees.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39615
Ecosystem Structure and Function
►Currie,
2009.
W.S.; Harmon, M.E.; Burke, I.C. [et al.].
Cross-biome transplants of plant litter show
decomposition models extend to a broader
climatic range but lose predictability at the
decadal time scale. Global Change Biology. 16:
1744–1761.
Keywords: Climate, decomposition,
evapotranspiration, litter quality, mathematical
model, stable litter fraction, temperature.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39613
►Chmura,
Adaption of trees, forests and forestry to climate
change. SYLWAN. 154(9): 587–602.
Keywords: Adaptation strategy, management,
resistance, resilience, sustainable forestry.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39639
Economics
►
Choi, S.-W.; Sohngen, B.; Alig, R. 2011.
An assessment of the influence of bioenergy and
marketed land amenity values on land uses in
the midwestern US. Ecological Economics. 70:
713–720.
Keywords: Land use change, marketed
environmental rents, multinomial logit, land
use projection, bioenergy scenario.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39653
► Helton,
A.M.; Poole, G.C.; Meyer, J.L. [et al.]. 2011.
Thinking outside the channel: modeling nitrogen
cycling in networked river ecosystems. Frontiers
in Ecology and the Environment. 9(4): 229–238.
Keywords: Nitrogen, streams, landscape ecology,
modeling, LINX, H.J. Andrews, LTER.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39661
►Nossov,
D.R.; Hollingsworth, T.N.; Ruess, R.W.;
Kielland, K. 2011.
Development of Alnus tenuifolia stands on an
Alaskan floodplain: patterns of recruitment,
disease, and succession. Journal of Ecology. 99:
621–633.
Keywords: Alder, Alnus incana, boreal forest,
disease, nitrogen fixer, plant population and
community dynamics, primary succession.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39636
11
PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
►Nossov,
2010.
D.R.; Ruess, R.W.; Hollingsworth, T.N.
► Bernhardt,
III. 2011.
Climate sensitivity of thinleaf alder growth on
an interior Alaska floodplain. Ecoscience. 17(3):
312–320.
Fire severity mediates climate-driven shifts in
understorey community composition of black
spruce stands of interior Alaska. Journal of
Vegetation Science. 22: 32–44.
Keywords: Alnus, climate change, dendroecology,
drought stress, nitrogen fixation.
Keywords: Black spruce, boreal forest, climate
change, disturbance, plant community change,
post-fire vegetation patterns.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39635
►Phillips,
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39607
C.L.; Nickerson, N.; Risk, D. [et al.]. 2010.
Soil moisture effects on the carbon isotope
composition of soil respiration. Rapid
Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 24(9):
1271–1280.
►French,
2011.
Keywords: Fire, emissions, emission scenarios,
carbon cycle, wildfire.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39672
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39656
Fire/Fuels
Ager, A.A.; Finney, M.A.; McMahan, A.;
Carthcart, J. 2010.
Measuring the effect of fuel treatments on forest
carbon using landscape risk analysis. Natural
Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 10: 1–12.
Keywords: Burn probability, wildfire risk
assessment, carbon, fuel treatments.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39703
► Ager,
A.; Vaillant, N., Finney, M. 2010.
A comparison of landscape fuel treatment
strategies to mitigate wildland fire risk in the
urban interface and preserve old forest structure.
Forest Ecology and Management. 259: 1556–1570.
Keywords: Wildfire risk, wildland urban interface,
burn probability, wildfire simulation models.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39604
N.H.F.; de Groot, W.J.; Jenkins, L.K. [et al.].
Model comparisons for estimating carbon
emissions from North American wildland fire.
Journal of Geophysical Research.116: G00K05. 21 p.
Keywords: Decomposition, soil respiration, carbon
dynamics, carbon dioxide.
►
E.L.; Hollingsworth, T.N.; Chapin, F.S.,
►
Halofsky, J.E.; Peterson, D.L; Furniss, M.J. [et al.].
2011.
Workshop approach for developing climate
change adaptation strategies and actions for
natural resource management agencies in the
United States. Journal of Forestry. 109(4):
219–225.
Keywords: Climate change, adaptation, forest
management.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39660
►Johnson,
M.C.; Kennedy, M.C; Peterson, D.L. 2011.
Simulating fuel treatment effects in dry forests of
the western United States: testing the principles
of a fire-safe forest. Canadian Journal of Forest
Research. 41(6): 1018–1030.
Keywords: Fuel treatment, fire hazard, thinning
treatments, fire behavior, simulation models.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/38390
12
Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fourth Quarter, 2011
► Peterson,
D.L. 2010.
Managing fire and fuels in a warmer climate.
Northwest Woodlands. 26(2): 16–17/28–29.
Keywords: Fire management, Pacific Northwest,
climate change, forest fuels, fire.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39641
►
Reiner, A.L.; Vaillant, N.M.; Fites-Kaufman, J.;
Dailey, S.N. 2009.
Mastication and prescribed fire impacts on
fuels in a 25-year old ponderosa pine plantation,
southern Sierra Nevada. Forest Ecology and
Management. 258: 2365–2372.
Keywords: Fuel treatment, mastication, prescribed
burn, ponderosa pine, southern Sierra Nevada.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39739
►
Turetsky, M.R.; Kane, E.S.; Harden, J.W. [et al.].
2010.
Recent acceleration of biomass burning and
carbon losses in Alaskan forests and peatlands.
Nature Geoscience. 4: 27–31.
Keywords: Alaska, climate change, boreal forest fire,
terrestrial carbon, deep organic soil.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39646
Genetics
►
Gould, P.J.; Harrington, C.A.; St. Clair, B.J. 2011.
Incorporating genetic variation into a model
of budburst phenology of coast Douglas-fir
(Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii). Canadian
Journal of Forest Research. 41: 139–150.
Keywords: Chilling, forcing, thermal model.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39618
►Magbanua,
2011.
Z.V.; Ozkan, S.; Bartlett, B.D. [et al.].
Adventures in the enormous: a 1.8 million clone
BAC library for the 21.7 Gb genome of loblolly
pine. PLoS ONE. 6(1): 1–9.
Keywords: Loblolly pine, genetics, genomics,
BAC library.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39633
►Njuguna,
2010.
W.; Liston, A.; Cronn, R.; Bassil, N.V.
Multiplexed fragaria chloroplast genome
sequencing. In: Basil, N.V.; Martin, R., eds.
International symposium on molecular markers in
horticulture. ISHS Acta Horticulturae. 859: 315–321.
Keywords: High-throughput sequencing, polyploidy,
reference genome, sequence alignments, microreads.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39668
Geomorphology and Hydrology
►Graham,
C.B.; Woods, R.A.; McDonnell, J.J. 2010.
Hillslope threshold response to rainfall: (1) a field
based forensic approach. Journal of Hydrology.
393: 65–76.
Keywords: Hillslope hydrology, runoff generation,
tracers, destructive sampling, preferential flow,
subsurface flow.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39619
►Graham,
C.B.; McDonnell, J.J. 2010.
Hillslope threshold response to rainfall: (2)
development and use of a macroscale model.
Journal of Hydrology. 393: 77–93.
Keywords: Preferential flow, hillslope hydrology,
numeric models, model calibration, virtual
experiments.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39620
13
PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
►
Jones, J.A.; Perkins, R.M. 2010.
Extreme flood sensitivity to snow and
forest harvest, western Cascades, Oregon,
United States. Water Resources Research 46.
(doi:10.1029/2009WR008632): W12512.
Keywords: Hydrology, experimental watersheds,
flood processes, peak flows.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39625
►Kluber,
L.A.; Tinnesand, K.M.; Caldwell, B.A.
[et al.]. 2010.
Ectomycorrhizal mats alter forest soil
biogeochemistry. Soil Biology and Biochemistry.
42: 1607–1613.
Keywords: Ectomycorrhizae, soil enzymes, oxalate,
forest soil, Hysterangium, Piloderma, Ramaria,
mats, non-mats.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39663
►McGuire,
K.J.; McDonnell, J.J. 2011.
Hydrological connectivity of hillslopes and
streams: characteristic time scales and
nonlinearities. Water Resources Research.
46: W10543. doi:10.1029/2010WR009341.
Keywords: Subsurface flow, hydrology, streamflow,
experimental watershed studies, rainfall-runoff.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39666
►Wondzell,
S.M. 2011.
The role of the hyporheic zone across stream
networks. Hydrological Processes. doi:10.1002/
hyp.8119: 8 p.
Keywords: Hyporheic exchange flows, stream
discharge, stream networks, flow exceedance
probability, watershed area, hyporheic potential.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39677
Invasive Plants and Animals
►Pattison,
2010.
R.R.; D'Antonio, C.M.; Dudley, T.L. [et al.].
Early impacts of biological control on canopy
cover and water use of the invasive saltcedar
tree (Tamarix spp.) in western Nevada, USA.
Oecologia. doi: 10.1007/s00442-010-1859-y. 12 p.
Keywords: Defoliation, evapotranspiration,
herbivory, sap flow.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39640
► Pattison,
R.R.; D'Antonio, C.M.; Dudley, T.L. 2011.
Biological control reduces growth, and alters
water relations of the saltcedar tree (Tamarix
spp.) in western Nevada, USA. Journal of Arid
Environments. 75: 346–352.
Keywords: Defoliation, herbivory, insect,
photosynthesis.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39670
► Pfeifer,
E.M.; Hicke, J.A.; Meddens, A.J.H. 2011.
Observations and modeling of aboveground tree
carbon stocks and fluxes following a bark beetle
outbreak in the western United States. Global
Change Biology. 17: 339–350.
Keywords: Bark beetle, carbon storage, forest
disturbance, forest growth simulation, Pinus
contorta, Dendroctonus ponderosae.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39671
Invertebrates
► Medhurst,
2010.
R.B.; Wipfli, M.S.; Binckley, C. [et al.].
Headwater streams and forest management: Does
ecoregional context influence logging effects on
benthic communities? Hydrobiologia. 64: 71–83.
Keywords: Headwater streams, ecoregion, benthic
macroinvertebrates, , logging, Cascade Range.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39667
14
Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fourth Quarter, 2011
Landscape Ecology
►Halofsky,
2011.
►Bonito,
G.M.; Trappe, J.M.; Rawlinson, P.; Vilgalys,
R. 2010.
J.E.; Donato, D.C.; Hibbs, D.E. [et al.].
Improved resolution of major clades within
Tuber and taxonomy of species within the Tuber
gibbosum complex. Mycologia. 102(5): 1042–1057.
Mixed-severity fire regimes: lessons and
hypotheses from the Klamath-Siskiyou
ecoregion. Ecosphere. 2(4): r40.
Keywords: Ascomycota, hypogeous fungi, ITS,
LSU, mycorrhizae, Oregon white truffle, Pezizales,
phylogeny, Tuberaceae.
Keywords: Biscuit Fire, fire behavior, fire mosaic,
fire regime, fire severity, post-fire ecology.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39609
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39659
►Ohmann,
J.L.; Gregory, M.J.; Henderson, E.B.;
Roberts, H.M. 2011.
►Bonito,
2011.
The Asian black truffle Tuber indicum can form
ectomycorrhizas with North American host
plants and complete its life cycle in non-native
soils. Fungal Ecology. 4: 83–93.
Mapping gradients of community composition
with nearest-neighbour imputation: extending
plot data for landscape analysis. Journal
of Vegetation Science. doi: 10.1111/j.16541103.2010.01244.x: 17 p.
Keywords: Tuber, black truffles, ectomycorrhizal
synthesis, exotic species, Juglandaceae, Pinaceae,
species introductions.
Keywords: Vegetation mapping, constrained
ordination, landscape scenario analysis, Oregon,
species distribution modeling, forest communities.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39704
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39638
►
J.M. 2011.
A.; Smith, M.E.; Tajick, M.A.; Trappe,
Keywords: Fungi, mycology, Elaphomyces,
Australia.
The phylogenetic placement of Picoa, with
a first report on Picoa lefebvrei (Pat.) Maire
(=Phaeangium lefebvrei) from Iran. International
Journal of Environmental Research. 5(2): 509–514.
Keywords: Desert truffles, molecular identification,
Phaeangium, Picoa sp.
►
Castellano, M.A.; Trappe, J.M.; Vernes, K. 2011.
Australian species of Elaphomyces
(Elaphomycetaceae, Eurotiales, Ascomycota).
Australian Systematic Botany. 24: 32–57.
Mycology
►Ammarellou,
G.; Trappe, J.M.; Donovan, S.; Vilgalys, R.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39652
►
Trappe, M.J.; Trappe, J.M.; Bonito, G.M. 2010.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39648
Kalapuya brunnea gen. & sp. nov. and its
relationship to the other sequestrate genera in
Morchellaceae. Mycologia. 102(5): 1058–1065.
Bonito, G.M.; Gryganskyi, A.P.; Trappe, J.M.;
Vilgalys, R. 2010.
Keywords: Ascomycota, Douglas-fir, hypogeous
fungus, Fischerula, Leucangium, LSU, rDNA,
Morchellaceae, Pezizales, taxonomy, truffle.
A global meta-analysis of Tuber ITS rDNA
sequences: species diversity, host associations and
long-distance dispersal. Molecular Ecology. 19:
4994–5008.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39645
Keywords: Tuber, biodiversity, biogeography,
hypogeous fungi, invasive biology, ITS rDNA.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39608
15
PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
Natural Resources Policy
►Farley,
►Lintz,
H.E.; McCune, B.; Gray, A.N.; McCulloh,
K.A. 2011.
K.A.; Tague, C.; Grant, G.E. 2011.
Quantifying ecological thresholds from response
surfaces. Ecological Modelling. 222: 427–436.
Vulnerability of water supply from the Oregon
Cascades to changing climate: linking science to
users and policy. Global Environmental Change.
21: 110–122.
Keywords: Threshold strength, regime shift,
response surface, diagonality, abrupt change, CART,
NPMR, complex system, bimodality, monotonic,
shape descriptor, tipping point, niche modeling.
Keywords: Vulnerability, water, streamflow, climate
change, adaptation, McKenzie River.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39631
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39616
Plant Ecology
►Barnard,
D.M.; Meinzer, F.C.; Lachenbruch, B.;
McCulloh, K.A. [et al.]. 2011.
Range Management
►Rinella,
2011.
Estimating influence of stocking regimes on
livestock grazing distributions. Ecological
Modelling. 222: 619–625.
Climate-related trends in sapwood biophysical
properties in two conifers: avoidance of hydraulic
dysfunction through coordinated adjustments in
xylem efficiency, safety and capacitance. Plant,
Cell & Environment. 34: 643–654.
Keywords: Animal position data, grazing, livestock,
cattle stocking, seemingly unrelated regression
models, SUR models, deferred grazing.
Keywords: Drought, hydraulic architecture,
hydraulic conductivity, water storage, xylem
vulnerability, xylem embolism.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39642
Regional Assessments
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39649
►
►
Chmura, D.J.; Anderson, P.D.; Howe, G.T. [et al.].
2011.
Forest responses to climate change in the
northwestern United States: ecophysiological
foundations for adaptive management. Forest
Ecology and Management. 261: 1121–1142.
Keywords: Adaptation, drought, fire, genetics,
insects, silviculture.
M.J.; Vavra, M.; Naylor, B.J.; Boyd, J.M.
Gordon, S.N.; Kirsten, G. 2011.
Structuring expert input for a knowledge-based
approach to watershed condition assessment for
the Northwest Forest Plan, USA. Environmental
Monitoring Assessment. 172(1-4): 643–661.
Keywords: Watershed assessment, composite
indicators, expert judgment, fuzzy logic, modeling,
stream condition assessment, stream habitat.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39617
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39611
Remote Sensing
► Kumar,
A.; Marcot, B.G.; Talukdar, G. 2010.
Designing a protected area network for
conservation planning in Jhum landscapes of
Garo Hills, Meghalaya. Journal of the Indian
Society of Remote Sensing. 38(3): 501–512.
Keywords: Garo Hills, northeast India, protected
area network, wildlife corridors, zone of influence,
shifting cultivation, jhum.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39630
16
Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fourth Quarter, 2011
Resource Inventory
► Heath,
L.S.; Smith, J.E.; Woodall, C.W. [et al.]. 2011.
Carbon stocks on forestland of the United
States, with emphasis on USDA Forest Service
ownership. Ecosphere. 2(1): 1–21.
Keywords: Carbon density, carbon in HWP, forest
carbon accounting, Forest Inventory and Analysis,
greenhouse gas inventory, National Forest System,
uncertainty analysis.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39622
Rural Communities
►Busby,
G.; Albers, H.J. 2010.
Wildfire risk management on a landscape with
public and private ownership: Who pays for
protection? Environmental Management. 45:
296–310.
Keywords: Fire, game theory, spatially explicit
game, natural hazard, hazard mitigation.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39651
Silviculture
►Devine,
W.D.; Harrington, C.A. 2011.
Factors affecting diurnal stem contraction
in young Douglas-fir. Agricultural and Forest
Meteorology. 151: 414–419.
Keywords: Douglas-fir, dendrometer, vapor pressure
deficit, solar radiation, water balance, transpiration.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39614
►Harrington,
C.A.; Devine, W.D. 2011.
Stand development following precommercial
thinning and fertilization treatments in a western
redcedar (Thuja plicata) dominated forest.
Canadian Journal of Forestry Research. 41: 151–164.
Keywords: Redcedar, silviculture, stand
development, fertilization, thinning.
►O'Hara,
K.L.; Youngblood, A.; Waring, K.M. 2010.
Maturity selection versus improvement selection:
lessons from a mid-20th century controversy
in the silviculture of ponderosa pine. Journal of
Forestry. 108(8): 397–407.
Keywords: Pinus ponderosa, uneven-aged,
multiaged, silviculture, single tree selection.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39637
►Youngblood,
A. 2011.
Ecological lessons from long-term studies in
experimental forests: ponderosa pine silviculture
at Pringle Falls Experimental Forest, central
Oregon. Forest Ecology and Management. 261:
937–947.
Keywords: Climate change, experimental forests,
long-term research, methods-of-cutting studies, oldgrowth, ponderosa pine, spacing studies.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39647
►Youngblood,
A.; Cole, E.; Newton, M. 2011.
Survival and growth response of white spruce
stock types to site preparation in Alaska.
Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 41: 793–809.
Keywords: White spruce, restoration, Alaska, site
preparation, stock type.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39678
Social Sciences
►Fischer,
A.P.; Charnley, S. 2010.
Social and cultural influences on management for
carbon sequestration on US family forestlands:
a literature synthesis. International Journal of
Forestry Research. Article ID 960912: 14 p.
Keywords: Carbon sequestration, non-industrial
private forest owners.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39655
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39621
17
PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
►Johnson,
2010.
J.C.; Christian, R.R.; Brunt, J.W. [et al.].
►Brinkman,
T.J.; Person, D.K.; Chapin, F.S., III.
[et al.]. 2011.
Evolution of collaboration within the US long
term ecological research network. BioScience.
60(11): 931–940.
Estimating abundance of Sitka black-tailed deer
using DNA from fecal pellets. Journal of Wildlife
Management. 75(1): 232–242.
Keywords: Centrality, homophily, LTER,
preferential attachment, social network analysis.
Keywords: Abundance, Alaska, density, DNA, fecal
pellets, forest, logging, mark-recapture, Odocoileus
hemionus sitkensis, Sitka black-tailed deer.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39624
Soil
►D'A more,
2011.
D.V.; Bonzey, N.S.; Berkowitz, J. [et al.].
Holocene soil-geomorphic surfaces influence the
role of salmon-derived nutrients in the coastal
temperate rainforest of Southeast Alaska.
Geomorphology. 126: 377–386.
Keywords: Soils, alluvial terrace, pedology, salmonderived nutrients, nitrogen isotopes.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39610
►Coe,
2011.
P.K.; Johnson, B.K.; Wisdom, M.J. [et al.].
Validation of elk resource selection models with
spatially independent data. Journal of Wildlife
Management. 75(1): 159–170.
Keywords: Cervus elaphus, elk, habitat use, model
validation, resource selection models.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39612
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39654
►Holloway,
►Kluber,
L.A.; Smith, J.E.; Myrold, D.D. 2011.
Distinctive fungal and bacterial communities are
associated with mats formed by ectomycorrhizal
fungi. Soil Biology & Biochemistry. 42: 1042–1050.
Keywords: Ectomycorrhizae, NAGase, forest
soil, Piloderma, ectomycorrhizal mats, microbial
communities.
G.L.; Smith, W.P. 2011.
A meta-analysis of forest age and structure
effects on northern flying squirrel densities.
Journal of Wildlife Management. 75(3): 668–674.
Keywords: Experimental power, forestry, Glaucomys
sabrinus, meta-analysis, partial harvesting, sample
size, snags.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39662
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39629
Wildlife
►Amstrup,
S.C.; DeWeaver, E.T.; Douglas, D.C.;
Marcot, B.G. [et al.]. 2010.
Greenhouse gas mitigation can reduce sea-ice loss
and increase polar bear persistence. Nature. 468:
955–958.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39605
18
►Knaus,
B.J.; Cronn, R.; Liston, A. [et al.]. 2011.
Mitochondrial genome sequences illuminate
maternal lineages of conservation concern in a
rare carnivore. BMC Biology. 11: 7. 14 p.
Keywords: Wildlife management, fisher, Martes
pennanti, mitochondria, genomics.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39664
Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fourth Quarter, 2011
►Lorenz,
T.J.; Sullivan, K.A.; Bakian, A.V.; Aubry,
C.A. 2011.
►
►Spalinger,
D.E.; Collins, W.B.; Hanley, Thomas A.
[et al.]. 2010.
Cache-site selection in Clark's Nutcracker
(Nucifraga columbiana). The Auk. 128(2):
237–247.
The impact of tannins on protein, dry matter, and
energy digestion in moose (Alces alces). Canadian
Journal of Zoology. 88: 977–987.
Keywords: Avian seed dispersal, home-range
fidelity, resource selection, Pinus albicaulis, P.
pondersa.
Keywords: Browse, protein, digestion, digestible,
nitrogen, plane defenses, protein precipitation,
willow.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39665
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39644
Wood Utilization
Paoletti, D.J.; Olson, D.H.; Blaustein, A.R. 2011.
Responses of foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana
boylii) larvae to an introduced predator. Copeia.
2011(1): 161–168.
Keywords: Amphibian declines, fish predation, nonnative fish, smallmouth bass.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39669
►Shoo,
2011.
L.P.; Olson, D.H.; McMenamin, S.K. [et al.].
Engineering a future for amphibians under
climate change. Journal of Applied Ecology. 48:
487–492.
Keywords: Adaptation management, desiccation,
hydroperiod, microclimate, microhabitat, refuge,
restoration, thermal stress.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39673
►Smith,
W.P.; Coblentz, B.E. 2010.
Cattle or sheep reduce fawning habitat available
to Columbian white-tailed deer in western
Oregon. Northwest Science. 84(4): 315–326.
►Voelker,
S.L.; Lachenbruch, B.; Meinzer, F.C.
[et al.]. 2011.
Transgenic poplars with reduced lignin show
impaired xylem conductivity, growth efficiency
and survival. Plant, Cell and Environment. 34:
655–668.
Keywords: Biomass, cavitation, embolism, hydraulic
architecture, leaf area, moisture content, P50,
sapwood area, shoot dieback, xylem.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39675
►Voelker,
S.L.; Lachenbruch, B.; Meinzer, F.C.
[et al.]. 2011.
Reduced wood stiffness and strength, and altered
stem form, in young antisense 4CL transgenic
poplars with reduced lignin contents. New
Phytologist. 189: 1096–1109.
Keywords: Buckling safety factor, lignin, stem form,
tension wood, transgenic poplar, wood stiffness,
wood strength.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39676
Keywords: Columbian white-tailed deer, cattle,
sheep, fawning habitat, livestock, oak woodlands,
riparian forest.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/39643
19
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