Changes in the Distribution of
Alaska's Commercial Fisheries
Entry Permits
8800 Glacier Hwy., No 109
P.O. Box 110302
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0302
Email: marcus.gho@alaska.gov
Phone: (907) 790-6924
Fax: (907) 790-7024
Marcus Gho
Fisheries Economist, CFEC
Student, UAF SFOS
Alaska State Constitution
Article VIII, sections 1 and 3
• It is the policy of the State to encourage the…
development of its resources by making them available
for maximum use consistent with the public interest.
• Wherever occurring in their natural state, fish, wildlife,
and waters are reserved to the people for common use.
Why the Commercial Fisheries Entry
Commission?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Declining salmon resource
Declining income
Increased level of participation
State control of fisheries after 1959
Conservation effort not viewed as sufficient for salmon fisheries
Constitutional amendment in 1972 allowing for Limited Entry
Limited Entry Act passed in 1973, establishing the Commercial
Fisheries Entry Commission
90
80
70
60
50
Limitation of Permit Types
Limited
1975
1976
1977-78
1980-87
1988-91
1997
1998
1999-2002
2004
Permit
Types Cumulative Total
19
19
6
25
4
29
16
45
6
51
7
58
10
68
8
76
2
78
40
30
20
10
0
1975
1976
1977-78
1980-87
1988-91
1997
1998
1999-2002
2004
present
Changes in the Distribution of Alaska's
Commercial Fisheries Entry Permits
• 6,762 limited entry permits in 1975 limitations (19 permit types)
• By year-end 2014, 14,181 permanent permits in place, 13,463 of
which are transferable (78 permit types)
• By the end of 2014, 12,172 (85.7%) transferable permits transferred
from initial issuees
• Permit type S03T – S for salmon, 03 for gear type of drift gillnet, T for
Bristol Bay
Data sources for the Transfer Study
•
•
•
•
Permit file
Transfer Survey File
Alaska Department of Fish & Game fish data
Census data
Current Publication includes 38 tables of CFEC data in approximately 350 page
publication, plus Executive Summary
Web edition: http://www.cfec.state.ak.us/RESEARCH/15-3N/15-3N.htm
Also printed
Residency
• Alaska Rural Local – Alaska resident of a Rural community
which is Local to the fishery for which the permit applies
• Alaska Rural Nonlocal - Alaska resident of a Rural
community which is Nonlocal to the fishery for which the permit applies
• Alaska Urban Local - Alaska resident of an Urban community
which is Local to the fishery for which the permit applies
• Alaska Urban Nonlocal - Alaska resident of an Urban
community which is Nonlocal to the fishery for which the permit applies
• Nonresident - Nonresident of Alaska
Summary of Annual Net Changes in Statewide Permit Holdings
Alaska Rural Local
75
Total Net Changes
25
1975
-25
-75
-125
-175
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Summary of Annual Net Changes in Statewide Permit Holdings
Alaska Rural Local
75
Total Net Changes
Net Transfers
25
1975
-25
-75
-125
-175
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Summary of Annual Net Changes in Statewide Permit Holdings
Alaska Rural Local
75
Total Net Changes
Net Migrations
25
1975
-25
-75
-125
-175
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Summary of Annual Net Changes in Statewide Permit Holdings
Alaska Rural Local
75
Total Net Changes
Net Cancellations
25
1975
-25
-75
-125
-175
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
What are locally held rural permits doing?
Extreme Net Transfers to Alaska Rural Locals due to transfers
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
Bristol Bay Drift Gillnet
Southeast Power Troll
Aging of permit holders
Mean Age of Permit Holders
65
60
CFEC Permit Holders
55
50
45
40
35
Aging of permit holders
Mean Age of Permit Holders
65
60
CFEC Permit Holders
Prince William Sound Herring Spawn on Kelp Pound
55
50
45
40
35
Cook Inlet Herring Purse Seine
Aging of permit holders
Mean Age of Permit Holders
65
60
CFEC Permit Holders
Southeast Red, Blue King/Tanner Pot Gear
55
50
45
40
35
Prince William Sound Salmon Set Gillnet
Who are fishers transferring their permits to?
Relationship of Transferors and Transfer Recipients
100%
1.9%
90%
80%
43.2%
45.4%
70%
69.6%
60%
50%
40%
Other
18.4%
16.5%
4.7%
4.5%
33.6%
33.7%
98.1%
Other Relative
Immediate Family
30%
20%
20.0%
10%
10.4%
0%
Statewide
Bristol Bay Salmon Drift
Friend/Partner
Southeast Sea Cucumber
Diving Gear
Lower Yukon Herring
Gillnet
Multiple Permit Holdings in Three Select Set Gillnet Fisheries
Year-end Permit Holdings
100
80
60
40
20
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Questions/Comments
Marcus Gho
Fisheries Economist
8800 Glacier Hwy., No 109
P.O. Box 110302
Juneau, Alaska 99811-0302
Email: marcus.gho@alaska.gov
Phone: (907) 790-6924
Fax: (907) 790-7024