Phytoplankton monitoring from Earth Observation
by Francis Gohin
Ifremer/Dyneco/Pelagos
63.9 ma m-3
0.0 ma m-3,
0.0
0.4
1.0
1.7
2.8
4.3
6.5
9.4
13.6
19.4
27.6
38.9
54.8
Chloropliylle-a (my m-3)
Ifremer
ISECA final meeting Nausicaa June 30-July 1st 2014
2 main in-situ monitoring networks in France
-RESO M AR (INSU/CNRS) : RESeau des Stations et Observatoires MArins
-REPHY (Ifremer): REseau d ’Observation et de Surveillance du PHYtoplancton et des
Phycotoxines
The REPHY is fully dedicated to the
monitoring o f the phytoplankton
REPHY sampling stations
rap h y(
Observation and Monitoring Network
fo r Phytoplankton and Phycotoxins
*
•Geographical area : the whole coast of
France + French overseas islands
•Implemented by Ifremer since 1984
•Two objectives
-Environmental : long term
tim e-series of phytoplankton
populations
-Sanitary : m onitoring of toxic
phytoplankton
ISECA final meeting Nausicaa June 30-July 1st 2014
All phytoplankton
species
on 55 stations
-
- phytoplanhton
# ■
rm
V%
t
- chtoropfiylf-a
-temperature
- salinity
-turbidity
-d is s o lv e d oxygen
-nutrients
Only dominant and
harmful species
on 93 oilier stations
Time series
25 years
on ~ 20 stations
10-20 years
f%
on numerous stations
The annual cycle of Chlorophyll-a
(indicator of the phytoplankton biomass)
on the English Channel
Contribution of Earth Observation to our knowledge
of the phytoplankton development
ISECA final meeting Nausicaa June 30-July 1st 2014
Annual cycle of the chlorophyll concentration (from SeaWiFS/MODIS/MERIS 1998-2008)
ISECA final meeting Nausicaa June 30-July 1st 2014
Monitoring for the WFD (Water Framework Directive)
Indicators of the Phytoplankton Quality
for the Eutrophication risk
Biomass (Chl-a), Abundance (number of blooms), Harmful blooms
The quality indicator fo r the biomass is the percentile 90 o f the Chl-a during the
productive period (March to October)
High
Good
Moderate
Poor
Bad
0-5
5-10
10-20
20-40
>40
Limits o f the P90 classes applied to the coastal water bodies fo r the Atlantic Coast
ISECA final meeting Nausicaa June 30-July 1st 2014
Observation from space and in-situ
CHL MODIS 2003-2009
Point_4_SRN_Dunkerque
Point_3_SRN„Boulogne •
PointJ _SRN_Dunkerque
Wean P90 'MODIS' : 16.21
Mean P90 Situ; 6.98
Correlation coef.: 0.90
Lu c
Highest values observed at
Cabourg (Loire
1_uc sur mer)
.Ouest-Loscollo (Vilaine)
Cak'durg
La 0
Don
F_w
SQ
Cha
•
Stations in-situ
I M asses d'eau
And ... Boulogne
and Dunkerque
P90 of Chl-a
Bas
Lovk, r
î-Toulon_gde_rade
logarithmic scale
values at
Bastia
.From ; 2 0 0 3 / 0 1
to 2 0 0 9 / 1 2
J___________ i______ i___ 5___ i__ i__ i__i i I_______ ___ i___
in situ p 9 0 of th e p. s e a s o n in
mg.m"3
From : Atlas de la Température , de la concentration en Chlorophylle et de la Turbidité de surface du
plateau continental français et de ses abords de l ’Ouest européen.
Rapport DCSMM Ifremer janvier 2011 : http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00057/16840/14306.pdf
ISECA final meeting Nausicaa June 30-July 1st 2014
Comparisons at the MAREL instrumented buoy of Boulogne
Chi derived from in-situ fluorescence and from satellite reflectance
bo u e e _ m a r e l_ c a r n o t
^
10.0
C h lo r o p h y ll
a ( m g .rn
')
70,0 |I
1 .0
o .i
+ M O D IS
s itu
É M E R IS
1 2 /1 0
02/11
04/11
06/11
O S /ll
M e a n - a n d P 9 0 - - I n S itu f r o m M a r c h 2 0 0 4 to N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 1
ISECA final meeting Nausicaa June 30-July 1st 2014
10/11
But the best contribution of the satellite is clearly the spatial coverage
P90 C h lo ro p h y ll-a p ro d u c tiv e p e r io d (2001-2006)
M O D IS -S eaW IFS OC5 IFR EM ER I INSITU.
K
IFREMER DYNECO Si C ER SAT
B ertrand Saulqtnn & Francis G ohin
P90 C h lo ro p h y ll-a p r o d u c tiv e p e r io d (2001-2006)
M O D I S - S e a W I F S O C 5 I F R E M E R / IN SI TU .
Limits o f the WFD water bodies
n IFREMERDYNECO js CERSAT
Bertrand Sanlqw n i F rancs Cohni
B i o m a s s i n d i c a t o r - " C h l o r o p h y l l - a " (2 0 0 1 - 2 0 0 6 )
SA T ELL IT ES S e a W I F S MODIS OC5.
Several sensors have been used, here P90 of M ERIS-derived Chi at Full Resolution
(300m) 2006-2011
IÇgVLL-A - ME|RIS_3Û0 - 2Û06_20I 1
20.1
ISECA final meeting Nausicaa June 30-July 1st 2014
New P90 maps on marine regions are provided for the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive
:Men e r R oue
France
.Ouest Loscolo
Point S ain t G ildas
Filère W
La C arrelere
^ Le C ornard
'Boyard
Chlorophylle-a MODIS et in-situ (mg/m3)
P90 2003-2009
H
<0,1
I _
0,2
0,5
I
1 1,2
I
1,5
2
limite de la sous-région
_ I golfe de Gascogne
ISECA final meeting Nausicaa June 30-Juty 1st 2014
l
I
3
4
i
l
I
i
5
6
I
II
8
10
12
14
15 >15
projection Mercator (46°N)
limite des masses
d'eau DCE
Sources des données :
SHOM, IGN, ESRI, IFREMER
Monitoring the biodiversity : satellite and in-situ observations
P lanata n
P rorocentrum triestinum
C haetoceros total
Lauderia + Schroederella
M icropodiscus weissflogii
Th a le®sioai rac eae
A nsc_de_Cartea u_2
Caba arc
Ca he'urg
ure
nile
S k e le to n e m a
C erataulina bergonii
C haetoceros total
Skeletonem a
Thalassiosira + Porosira
Dactyliosolen fragilissim us
Thalassiosira + Porosira
Chia in - s i t u ( m g /m 3)
Cap b refon
E s tu a ir e _ d e J _ O rn e
1 * tk in v e o c J a r
L L o s c d Io
n-situ data concerning the
phytoplankton population
are automatically displayed
within the biomass
background
nation on May 5 2014
Filierc _w
Ho sseqor
I—Epe ron (terre)
Le_Comard
Lea _ 7 J lea
Luc_1 -m ille
Mcn_c rJ-tou e
Mont_St_Michel
Nord—Dumet
C u e st-L o a c o lo
Ouistreham _1 —mille
Pa rc_Leucate_2
Pori_Saint_Hubert
Po rLjen_Beasin_1 mill e
St—Aubin—lea_Essa rts
Tre beurden
Verl_Bois_2
lesJ-lebihens
Station
Anse_deo_Carteau_2+1
Ca bo urg-M
I E p c r o n ( tc r r c ) + l
Lan-,'c o c J o r g e
Men_e r_Rou a
Mont_St_Miahel
N ord_D um et
p://cersat.ifremer.fr/data/t
-andices/quicklooks/oceanpoiour/fiora-over-frenchcoasts
0 5 /0 5 /2 0 1 4
C h lo ro p h y ll-a 0 5 / 0 5 / 2 0 1 4
0. 2
1.0
2.0 1
5 .0 1
10.1
______
15.1
ISECA final meeting Nausicaa June 30-July 1st 2014
25.1 r n q / m - 5
C uest-L ascalo
0uistreham _1_m ille
leaJHeblhens
Boyard
Capbreton
Lfelßomard
Leo_ 7 J lea
Luc_1—mille
St—Aubin_lea_Essa rts
Tre beurden
Verl_Bois_2
Chia Satellite (m g /m 3 )
Monitoring of Harmful Algal Blooms (here Karenia mikimotoi)
Example of the 2010 summer Bloom in the western channel
9 July
22 July
m g /m -3
The fisheries Department o f
the states o f Guernsey is
alerted on July 19th
+ 2 sea samples are collected
and analysed by CEFAS
>1 million de cells/L
The bloom starts on the stratified
area observed on the Sea Surface
Temperature map o f July 9th
-Sea Nurlace >,
Temperature o
July 9th
Rapport MarCoast2 à http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00178/28883/27369.pdf
2 0 Ï Ï D egC
ISECA final meeting Nausicaa June 30-July 1st 2014
Observations of the
biodiversity and the
Harmful Algal blooms
4 dinoflagellates are
simultaneously blooming
on August 2012
Karenia,Mikimotoi
nutum
0.21 1.012.01
PHENOMER
project
science
part
in
network
\
o f partici
where
the
obse
o f red
http://www.phenomer. org/
ISECA final meeting Nausicaa June 30-July 1st 2014
5.01 10.0115.1 25
Analysed Chi—a 2Û12Û3Û1 ( m q , m ' s)
Lepidodinium
:hlorophorum
Future in Earth Observation in Europe
- Much is expected from OLCI on Sentinel-3 launched
in 2015) a follow-on to MERIS (ESA/EUMETSAT)
- Data will be provided by Copemicus/MyOcean (PML
and ACRJ-ST for the Eastern Atlantic Ocean)
Thanks for your attention !
ISECA final meeting Nausicaa June 30-July 1st 2014