Rhetoric Beginning Exordium (Intro.) (Speech) Get attention, trust, and goodwill of audience; Establish REASON Narratio (Background) Statement of indisputable facts for audience to KNOW & Introduce the central issue & opposing “arguments” A Universal Structure for Communication Middle Propositio (Proposition) Divisio/Partitio (Division) “Thesis Statement” Outline and dissection of main argument End Confirmatio (Proof) Supporting Evidence: facts, reasons (logos) MOST COMPELLING EVIDENCE Refutatio (Refutation) Peroratio (Conclusion) Address larger implications of Thesis; Respond to objections, opposition Summary of argument; Give audience something to “take home” Star witness Closing arguments VERDICT Jury reaches own conclusion REMEMBER CALL TO ACTION FROM AUDIENCE; the “turn” (pathos) TO CARE (Court Scene) (ethos) Call to order Prosecution opening argument Music (Theme) (Key) Drama Intro or “HOOK”; Establish main material: gestures and dichords (or intervals) Establish tonic key Opening credits; Establish STASIS & locale through images; Transitions real world into story world; Meet audience where they are at and make hungry; Prologue Theme 1 (memorable and singable tune) in primary instrument/voice; Combinations of Melody, Harmony, Rhythm; THESIS (point) Tonic key Defense opening argument Exposition Theme 2 (contrasting) in secondary instrument/voice; Change of harmonic rhythm and sometimes texture; Diff. combination of Melody, Harmony, Rhythm; ANTITHESIS (counterpoint) Dominant or Relative key Act I: Exposition (15-30%) Entrance of Entrance of MEMORABLE ANTAGONIST & THEIR PROTAGONIST & GOAL; Goal must be THEIR GOAL; Goal plausible, vital, & must be plausible, concrete; Antagonist is vital, & concrete-often a family member dominates their life of Protagonist (built of & often bigger same material); than selves; Comparable in Character is dimension, dimensional & contradiction, & contradictory strength of will to (physical, mental, Protagonist; Antagonist emotional and is often delusional spiritual) to be “overdog”; STASIS believable human; shattered; “TICKING Protagonist often CLOCK” begins; spiritually Foreshadowing dominant INEVITABLE “underdog”; CONFLICT (two trains Dialogue begins on one track); Examination & cross examination Examination & cross examination Closing section Thematic fragmentation and variation: sequences, inversion, invertible counterpoint, etc… Development Thematic fragmentation and variation: expansion, contraction, contrapuntal combination, etc… Retransition; “busiest” point in work (GOLDEN MEAN or 5:8); often grows louder Theme 1 in original instrument / voice; Often loud Dominant or Relative key Heptachord shift/modulation avoiding Exposition keys Heptachord shift/modulation avoiding Exposition keys Return to Dominant key (sets up tonic key) RETURN TO TONIC KEY (optional in Beethoven) TURNING POINT; Protagonist often refuses “the call” or hesitates at the “threshold” until URGENCY REQUIRES ACTION; Departure on a journey both foreign and familiar; Foreshadowing CONFLICT (setting up the dominoes). Act II: Complications/Fate of Characters (50-75%) Escalating series More tests, CRISIS; DARK of tests (often 3), temptations & MOMENT for temptations obstacles; protagonist as and obstacles; Characters result of own Strategizing; SUFFER from errors (self ATTACK & own errors (but revelation); COUNTERblame others); INTENSE ATTACK (Tennis “FALSE STRAIN, match) between VICTORIES”; SACRIFICE & main characters; refusal to SUFFERING; failed attempts to negotiate; great Characters negotiate; SACRIFICE; strategize & Characters Characters prepare for final “transition”; “transition”; battle;Characters Allies or Foreshadowing “transition” & HELPING and RISING make a HANDS APPEAR; CONFLICT momentous Foreshadowing decision that and RISING seals their fate; CONFLICT No turning back Recapitulation Theme 2 in original instrument / voice; SYNTHESIS TONIC KEY Sentencing or Release Coda Elaboration of tonic key (perhaps IV briefly) Act III: Resolution (5-25%) CLIMAX; CATHARSIS; DenoueACCOUNTABILSPECTACLE; ment; ITY (win, lose or face-to-face Transitions draw); NEW battle; HERO world of FINISHES STASIS results; story back JOURNEY PREMISE IS into real ALONE; PROVEN; world; Characters CHARACTER Epilogue willing to kill or SELF be killed (or lose REVELATION a dominant through action; quality)-REVERSAL OF paradox of FORTUNE life/death; (especially BIGGEST TEST Antagonist); OF STRENGTH; Possible TRAGIC Surprises and DEED (or twists; Highly elsewhere); complex with POSSIBILITY many characters OF REDEMPTION interacting