Applying Provisional Seed
Zones to Plant Materials
Development in the Great
Basin and Cultural Practice
Notes
Scott Jensen
USDA FS RMRS
Grassland, Shrubland and Desert Ecosystem Research
Program, Provo, UT
Jason Stettler
Utah Division of Wildlife Resources
Great Basin Research Center
Ephraim, UT
Johnson. R, et.al Native Plants. 11 2
Summer 2010
• …seed sources for restoration…should be
made up of parents that come from
ecosystems (seed zones) similar to those at
the restoration site.
• Collecting seeds from parents from multiple
locations within a seed zone or ecosystem to
serve as foundation seed increases the
opportunity to broaden the genetic base of
the restoration population.
Provisional
Seed Zones
for the
Great Basin
Bower, A., St. Clair J.B., and V.J. Erickson.
2010. Provisional seed zones for native
plants.
http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/native
plantmaterials/rightmaterials.shtml
http://www.fs.fed.us/wwetac/threat_map/SeedZones_Intro.html
Building Provisional Seed Zones
• Independent of genetics
–Intended for species with no specific
genetic data available
• Provisional seed zones are a “starting
point”
• Local and species specific knowledge
important in adjusting zones for use
Slide from Andy Bower
Seed Zone Size
Northern Basin and Range
PSZ
Zone Description
Zone 1
<10 in. precip. / >80 Deg.
Zone 2
<10 in. precip. / <80 Deg.
Zone 3
Central Basin and Range
Area (acres)
PSZ
Zone Description
722,843
Zone 1
<10 in. precip. / >80 Deg.
18,266,390
6,195,455
Zone 2
<10 in. precip. / <80 deg.
15,184,265
10-14 in. precip. / 80-90 Deg.
918,798
Zone 3
10-14 in. precip. / 80-90 Deg.
3,465,157
Zone 4
14-24 in. precip. / 80-90 Deg.
19,161
Zone 4
14-24 in. precip. / 80-90 Deg.
541,330
Zone 5
10-14 in. precip. / 70-80 Deg.
24,343,753
Zone 5
10-14 in. precip. / 70-80 deg.
22,903,115
Zone 6
14-24 in. precip. / 70-80 Deg.
7,393,185
Zone 6
14-24 in. precip. / 70-80 deg.
9,387,606
Zone 7
10-14 in. precip. / <70 Deg.
1,297,922
Zone 7
10-14 in. precip. / <70 deg.
1,310,725
Zone 8
14-24 in. precip. / <70 Deg.
4,955,727
Zone 8
14-24 in. precip. / <70 deg.
4,151,275
Zone 9
<60 Deg.
3,165
Zone 9
<60 deg.
Zone 10
>24 in. precip.
2,540,833
Zone 10
>24 in. precip.
1,159,001
Total Area
48,390,842
Total Area
76,590,918
25,000,000
20,000,000
15,000,000
NBR Acres
10,000,000
5,000,000
0
CBR Acres
Area (acres)
222,054
The Western
Fire Map
1870-2007
Sean P. Finn, Steven E.
Hanser, Cara W. Meinke, and
Adam Smith, USGS Snake
River Field Station,
SAGEMAP Project.
http://sagemap.wr.usgs.gov/ftp/SAB
/western_fires_(1870-2007).txt
Acres Burned in the Northern Great Basin
Fire Impacts
PSZ
Zone Description
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5
Zone 6
Zone 7
Zone 8
Zone 9
Zone 10
TOTALS
< 10 in precip / > 80 deg
< 10 in precip / < 80 deg
10-14 in precip / 80-90 deg
14-24 in precip / 80-90 deg
10-14 in precip / 70-80 deg
14-24 in precip / 70-80 deg
10-14 in precip / < 70 deg
14-24 in precip / < 70 deg
< 60 deg
> 24 in precip
PSZ
Zone Description
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5
Zone 6
Zone 7
Zone 8
Zone 9
Zone 10
TOTALS
< 10 in precip / > 80 deg
< 10 in precip / < 80 deg
10-14 in precip / 80-90 deg
14-24 in precip / 80-90 deg
10-14 in precip / 70-80 deg
14-24 in precip / 70-80 deg
10-14 in precip / < 70 deg
14-24 in precip / < 70 deg
< 60 deg
> 24 in precip
1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 2005-2007
88,379
209,865
28,759
51
917,665
162,819
1,482
50,040
0
10,532
1,469,591
65,627
283,513
23,214
629
720,564
221,523
6,510
44,276
0
75,388
1,441,244
883
41,435
2,545
1,016
478,787
170,435
17,750
69,374
0
9,724
791,948
59,619
288,697
35,640
1
1,440,316
245,963
62,115
159,486
0
34,369
2,326,207
6,725
159,046
34,313
360
972,255
357,024
30,526
183,918
0
37,827
1,781,994
11,085
244,334
14,988
284
1,363,447
426,471
30,340
278,950
0
48,265
2,418,163
Acres Burned in the Central Basin and Range
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
NBR 2000-2004
NBR 2005-2007
CBR 2000-2004
CBR 2005-2007
1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 2005-2007
7,596
65,528
15,485
110
81,365
46,614
3,438
4,947
41
3,428
228,553
14,898
187,012
1,104
0
365,691
40,421
1,844
13,210
0
541
624,722
8,035
8,331
6,847
715
68,121
48,370
6,444
13,426
0
8,997
169,287
194,234
641,403
51,880
8,802
1,159,920
395,961
9,014
96,205
14
8,118
2,565,551
59,314
175,619
23,166
8,571
668,878
293,289
38,053
82,339
616
11,439
1,361,284
97,772
198,434
234,719
19,128
859,554
183,536
51,291
37,028
13
3,072
1,684,548
Land Treatment Digital Library
http://greatbasin.wr.usgs.gov/ltdl/Default.aspx
A dynamic system to enter,
store, retrieve, and analyze
Federal land treatment data.
The majority of available Great
Basin data has been entered.
Pilliod, David, 2009. U.S. Geological Survey Fact
Sheet 2009-3095, 2 p.
Shrubs = 117,545 Pounds or
16%
BLM Seed Buy
FY-2010
Forbs = 65,750 or
9%
9% Forbs
Grasses = 537,150 Pounds or
75%
Total Pounds of Seed = 720,445
Shrubs = 107,195 Pounds or
28%
Native Component
Forbs = 19,800 Pounds or
5%
Total Pounds of Seed = 380,845
Grasses, 253,850 Pounds or
67%
5% Native Forbs
Slide courtesy of Covy Jones
Seed Used (lbs)
Utah DWR
FY-9,10,11
Shrubs = 119,559
Pounds 9%
Forbs = 424,650
Pounds 31%
Grasses
=824,128 Pounds
60%
31% Forbs
Total Pounds of Seed = 1,368,337
Native component
Utah DWR
FY-9,10,11
Shrubs = 55,099 Pounds
12%
Forbs = 22,811 Pounds ,
5%
Grasses =391,332 Pounds
83%
5% Native Forbs
Total Pounds of Seed = 469,242
Slide courtesy of Covy Jones
Native Forb Seed Demand
Northern Basin and Range - Estimated seed (lbs) volume used during the 5 year increment.
PSZ
Zone Description
1980-1984
1985-1989
1990-1994
1995-1999
2000-2004
2005-2010
Zone 1
< 10 in precip / > 80 deg
184
4021
0
10297
45573
4352
Zone 2
< 10 in precip / < 80 deg
14808
7183
77
42215
45436
93909
Zone 3
10-14 in precip / 80-90 deg
0
0
0
4537
6626
3540
Zone 4
14-24 in precip / 80-90 deg
0
0
0
0
0
0
Zone 5
10-14 in precip / 70-80 deg
45799
34232
18895
121730
430421
346011
Zone 6
14-24 in precip / 70-80 deg
1989
109
648
6142
62576
76358
Zone 7
10-14 in precip / < 70 deg
225
641
0
43
3943
3405
Zone 8
14-24 in precip / < 70 deg
226
535
28
5020
24796
28430
Zone 9
< 60 deg
0
0
0
0
0
0
Zone 10
> 24 in precip
0
0
705
1052
2044
21
Central Basin and Range - Estimated seed (lbs) volume used during the 5 year increment.
PSZ
Zone Description
1980-1984
1985-1989
1990-1994
1995-1999
2000-2004
2005-2010
Zone 1
< 10 in precip / > 80 deg
0
0
1849
1814
53266
4153
Zone 2
< 10 in precip / < 80 deg
0
353
3780
37793
50519
23741
Zone 3
10-14 in precip / 80-90 deg
261
130
3272
5182
8193
27400
Zone 4
14-24 in precip / 80-90 deg
143
0
167
1696
3956
14961
Zone 5
10-14 in precip / 70-80 deg
320
13320
24030
99340
270136
196348
Zone 6
14-24 in precip / 70-80 deg
3269
6892
8164
36525
101521
93485
Zone 7
10-14 in precip / < 70 deg
0
36
132
605
16896
10617
Zone 8
14-24 in precip / < 70 deg
0
87
1040
5284
42798
8939
Zone 9
< 60 deg
0
0
0
0
510
0
Zone 10
> 24 in precip
0
0
372
29
7220
0
Pulling it all together
Fire Impacts - Acres Burned
Zone Size - Acres
1,400,000
25,000,000
1,200,000
20,000,000
1,000,000
15,000,000
800,000
600,000
10,000,000
400,000
5,000,000
200,000
0
0
Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
CBR Acres
Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
NBR Acres
NBR 2000-2004
NBR 2005-2007
CBR 2000-2004
Land Treatments - Seed Demand
NBR
CBR
PSZ
Zone Description
2000-2004
2005-2010
2000-2004
2005-2010
Zone 1
< 10 in precip / > 80 deg
45573
4352
53266
4153
Zone 2
< 10 in precip / < 80 deg
45436
93909
50519
23741
Zone 3
10-14 in precip / 80-90 deg
6626
3540
8193
27400
Zone 4
14-24 in precip / 80-90 deg
0
0
3956
14961
Zone 5
10-14 in precip / 70-80 deg
430421
346011
270136
196348
Zone 6
14-24 in precip / 70-80 deg
62576
76358
101521
93485
Zone 7
10-14 in precip / < 70 deg
3943
3405
16896
10617
Zone 8
14-24 in precip / < 70 deg
24796
28430
42798
8939
Zone 9
< 60 deg
0
0
510
0
Zone 10
> 24 in precip
2044
21
7220
0
CBR 2005-2007
Pulling it all together
Fire Impacts - Acres Burned
Zone Size - Acres
1,400,000
25,000,000
1,200,000
20,000,000
1,000,000
15,000,000
800,000
600,000
10,000,000
400,000
5,000,000
200,000
0
0
Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
CBR Acres
Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
NBR Acres
NBR 2000-2004
NBR 2005-2007
CBR 2000-2004
Land Treatments - Seed Demand
NBR
CBR
PSZ
Zone Description
2000-2004
2005-2010
2000-2004
2005-2010
Zone 1
< 10 in precip / > 80 deg
45573
4352
53266
4153
Zone 2
< 10 in precip / < 80 deg
45436
93909
50519
23741
Zone 3
10-14 in precip / 80-90 deg
6626
3540
8193
27400
Zone 4
14-24 in precip / 80-90 deg
0
0
3956
14961
Zone 5
10-14 in precip / 70-80 deg
430421
346011
270136
196348
Zone 6
14-24 in precip / 70-80 deg
62576
76358
101521
93485
Zone 7
10-14 in precip / < 70 deg
3943
3405
16896
10617
Zone 8
14-24 in precip / < 70 deg
24796
28430
42798
8939
Zone 9
< 60 deg
0
0
510
0
Zone 10
> 24 in precip
2044
21
7220
0
CBR 2005-2007
Pulling it all together
Fire Impacts - Acres Burned
Zone Size - Acres
1,400,000
25,000,000
1,200,000
20,000,000
1,000,000
15,000,000
800,000
600,000
10,000,000
400,000
5,000,000
200,000
0
0
Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
CBR Acres
Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
NBR Acres
NBR 2000-2004
NBR 2005-2007
CBR 2000-2004
Land Treatments - Seed Demand
NBR
CBR
PSZ
Zone Description
2000-2004
2005-2010
2000-2004
2005-2010
Zone 1
< 10 in precip / > 80 deg
45573
4352
53266
4153
Zone 2
< 10 in precip / < 80 deg
45436
93909
50519
23741
Zone 3
10-14 in precip / 80-90 deg
6626
3540
8193
27400
Zone 4
14-24 in precip / 80-90 deg
0
0
3956
14961
Zone 5
10-14 in precip / 70-80 deg
430421
346011
270136
196348
Zone 6
14-24 in precip / 70-80 deg
62576
76358
101521
93485
Zone 7
10-14 in precip / < 70 deg
3943
3405
16896
10617
Zone 8
14-24 in precip / < 70 deg
24796
28430
42798
8939
Zone 9
< 60 deg
0
0
510
0
Zone 10
> 24 in precip
2044
21
7220
0
CBR 2005-2007
Pulling it all together
Fire Impacts - Acres Burned
Zone Size - Acres
1,400,000
25,000,000
1,200,000
20,000,000
1,000,000
15,000,000
800,000
600,000
10,000,000
400,000
5,000,000
200,000
0
0
Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
CBR Acres
Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
NBR Acres
NBR 2000-2004
NBR 2005-2007
CBR 2000-2004
Land Treatments - Seed Demand
NBR
CBR
PSZ
Zone Description
2000-2004
2005-2010
2000-2004
2005-2010
Zone 1
< 10 in precip / > 80 deg
45573
4352
53266
4153
Zone 2
< 10 in precip / < 80 deg
45436
93909
50519
23741
Zone 3
10-14 in precip / 80-90 deg
6626
3540
8193
27400
Zone 4
14-24 in precip / 80-90 deg
0
0
3956
14961
Zone 5
10-14 in precip / 70-80 deg
430421
346011
270136
196348
Zone 6
14-24 in precip / 70-80 deg
62576
76358
101521
93485
Zone 7
10-14 in precip / < 70 deg
3943
3405
16896
10617
Zone 8
14-24 in precip / < 70 deg
24796
28430
42798
8939
Zone 9
< 60 deg
0
0
510
0
Zone 10
> 24 in precip
2044
21
7220
0
CBR 2005-2007
Pulling it all together
Fire Impacts - Acres Burned
Zone Size - Acres
1,400,000
25,000,000
1,200,000
20,000,000
1,000,000
15,000,000
800,000
600,000
10,000,000
400,000
5,000,000
200,000
0
0
Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
CBR Acres
Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
NBR Acres
NBR 2000-2004
NBR 2005-2007
CBR 2000-2004
Land Treatments - Seed Demand
NBR
CBR
PSZ
Zone Description
2000-2004
2005-2010
2000-2004
2005-2010
Zone 1
< 10 in precip / > 80 deg
45573
4352
53266
4153
Zone 2
< 10 in precip / < 80 deg
45436
93909
50519
23741
Zone 3
10-14 in precip / 80-90 deg
6626
3540
8193
27400
Zone 4
14-24 in precip / 80-90 deg
0
0
3956
14961
Zone 5
10-14 in precip / 70-80 deg
430421
346011
270136
196348
Zone 6
14-24 in precip / 70-80 deg
62576
76358
101521
93485
Zone 7
10-14 in precip / < 70 deg
3943
3405
16896
10617
Zone 8
14-24 in precip / < 70 deg
24796
28430
42798
8939
Zone 9
< 60 deg
0
0
510
0
Zone 10
> 24 in precip
2044
21
7220
0
CBR 2005-2007
Products in Marketplace
Commercial Interest
Zone
Seed Demand
Zone Seed
Increase
Seed Increase Grouped by Provisional Seed Zone
Species / Source
Location
Provisional Seed Zone
Seed Available
FG
scarlet gilia
Zone 6
2012/2013
Ipomopsis macrosiphon
3 sources
SFS
longtube ipomopsis
Zone 6
2012
Lomatium nudicaule
5 sources
4 sources
FG
SFS
barestem biscuitroot
Zone 5
Zone 6
??
??
Heliomeris multiflora var. nevadensis
4 sources
FG
3 sources
SFS
Nevada goldeneye
Zone 6
Zone 5
2012
2012
Enceliopsis nudicaulis
2 sources
4 sources
SFS
FG
nakedstem sunray
Zone 5
Zone 2
2012/2013
2012/2013
Penstemon pachyphyllus
3 sources
2 sources
2 sources
SFS
FG
FG
thickleaf beardtongue
Zone 5
Zone 6
Zone 8
2012
2012
2012
FG
SFS
desert frasera
Zone 5
Zone 6
2013
2013
FG
FG
Lewis flax
Zone 5
Zone 3
2013
2013
FG
SFS
needle and thread
Zone 2
Zone 5
2012/2013
2012/2013
Ipomopsis aggregata
6 sources
Frasera albomarginata
2 sources
8 sources
Linum lewesii
11 sources
1 source
Hesperostipa comata
7 sources
21 sources
Mentzelia laevicaulis
Crepis intermedia
Cleome purpurea
Thelypodium milleflorum
Ipomopsis aggregata
Heliomeris multiflora
Species Screening
Species / Source
Location
Provisional Seed Zone
FG
coyote tobacco
Zone 6
Nicotiana attenuata
Mentzelia laevicaulis
smoothstem blazingstar
Species / Source
SFS
smoothstem blazingstar
Zone 6
Arenaria macradenia ferrisea
Ferris' sandwort
FG
manyflower thelypody
Zone 2
Lathyrus brachycalyx
FG
Agastache urticifolia
FG
SFS
cleftleaf wildheliotrope
Zone 5
Zone 2
FG
Aster
Zone 8
FG
toadflax penstemon
Zone 6
Phacelia crenulata
Provisional Seed Zone
Mentzelia laevicaulis
FG
Thelypodium milleflorum
Location
Bonneville pea
FG
FG
nettleleaf giant hyssop
Zone 8
FG
wrinkled cryptantha
Zone 6
FG
stemless mock goldenweed
Zone 6
FG
ragwort
Zone 5
Cryptantha rugulosa
Aster
Stenotus acaulis
Penstemon linarioides
Senecio
Agoseris grandiflora
LPN G1 2007
Bigflower agoseris
Potentilla gracilis
FG
slender cinquefoil
Zone 10
FG
sprucemont flax
Zone 2
FG
Mule-ears
Zone 5
Stanleya pinnata var. integrifolia
FG
Oenothera
Linum subteres
FG
evening primrose
Zone 6
FG
Yellow spiderflower
Zone 3
SFS
longspur lupine
Zone 8
Cleome lutea
Wyethia amplexicaulis
Lupinus arbustus
Mentzelia albicaulis
SFS
whitestem blazingstar
Zone 5
golden princesplume
Zone 2
Cleome serulatta
Rocky Mountain beeplant
FG
Incorporating Technology in Plant
Material Collecting Tasks
XMap GIS
Lomatium grayii, L. triternatum
transplants
Efforts to Improve Seedling
Establishment
Soil Solarization
Disease Control
to 18”, temperature dependant
Weed Control
Most effective against annual weeds
Cheeseweed (Malv parviflora)
Field bindweed (Convolvus arvensis)
Nematode Control
To 12”, temperature dependant
Increased Plant Growth Response
Pathogen and weed control
Soluble nutrients more available
Beneficial bacteria survive and recolonize
Total number of colonies counted after 7 days of incubation at room temperature.
Total bacterial and fungal colony count per gram of soil displayed by soil
collection depth for solarized and control soils from 2 sites .
180000
160000
140000
Fountain Green, UT
Nephi, UT
Solarized
Solarized
Control
Control
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
PDA
Water
PDA
Water
PDA
Agar media types
Depth of soil sample
0-2"
2-4"
4-6"
Water
PDA
Water
Staying Straight
with a Rotary
Laser
END