Plant Diversity at Box-Death Hollow
Wilderness Area, Garfield County, Utah
Wendy Rosler
Janet G. Cooper
Renee Van Buren
Kimball T. Harper
Abstract—“The Box” is a canyon located in the western portion of
Box-Death Hollow Wilderness Area, Garfield County, southern
Utah. The objectives of this study included: (1) collect, identify and
make a checklist of the species of vascular plants found in “The
Box,” (2) search for threatened and endangered species within the
area, (3) provide an opportunity for high school students to develop
research skills that contribute to the reservoir of scientific information. During a period of 2 years, students of the Provo High School
Botany Club, the club advisor, and others collected and identified
304 species in 63 families. Twenty plant taxa collected during this
study had not previously been reported for Garfield County, UT.
Species-area relationships at this area are compared to selected
locations in Utah.
“The Box” is a north-south trending canyon which begins
in an aspen-fir forest near “Hells Backbone” road at an
elevation of 2,450 m in the Box-Death Hollow Wilderness
area, Garfield County, Utah. From this elevation the forest
gradually slopes downward to the riparian community adjacent to Pine Creek. Pine Creek is a clear, fast flowing stream
of moderate size. The stream flows through a canyon of
sandstone walls that become progressively higher and closer
together, forcing the stream-side trail to cross the creek over
40 times. It is impossible to hike through the 16 km canyon
without doing some wading. The southern end of the canyon,
at 2,040 m, opens to a relatively level pinyon-juniper-sagebrush community seven miles north of Escalante, Utah. The
Pine Creek gaging station is located near the canyon mouth.
The rocks of the canyon are sedimentary and of Jurassic
and Cretaceous age. The soils are derived primarily from
sandstone. They include such soil type as the Mikim clay
loam, Yarts sandy loam and Mepsum loamy fine sand
(Stokes 1986).
The warmest month is July with an average temperature
of 22.4EC. The coldest month is January with an average
temperature of –2.4EC. The average annual precipitation
for the period 1901 to 1996 totaled 25.5 cm at Escalante. An
average of 77.2 cm of snow falls each year at Escalante
(Pope and Brough 1986).
In: McArthur, E. Durant; Fairbanks, Daniel J., comps. 2001. Shrubland
ecosystem genetics and biodiversity: proceedings; 2000 June 13–15; Provo,
UT. Proc. RMRS-P-21. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
Wendy Rosler is a continuing Student at Brigham Young University,
Provo, UT. Janet G. Cooper is a retired Biology Teacher at Provo High School,
Provo, UT. Renee Van Buren is an Assistant Professor, Department of
Biology, at Utah Valley State College, Orem, UT. Kimball T. Harper is a
Professor Emeritus at Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.
USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-21. 2001
Under the direction of Janet Cooper, the Provo High
School Botany Club initiated this study in the fall of 1993.
During the following 2 years (1994 and 1995) five collection
trips were taken at different times of the year to provide a
reliable sample of the canyon’s flora. Each collection trip
emphasized a different section of the canyon, but on each
trip, specimens of species previously unknown in the area
were collected throughout the canyon. Plants collected were
either immediately identified and pressed or collected in
plastic bags and pressed as soon as the group arrived back
at camp. Identification and classification followed “A Utah
Flora” (Welsh and others 1993). “The Intermountain Flora”
(Cronquist and others 1989) was used as a supplementary
guide for plant identification.
This project provides the first thorough description of
the vascular flora occurring in the study area. The checklist of 304 species in 63 families is included in this report
as table 1. Twenty taxa on the list have not previously
been reported for Garfield County (table 2). The six largest families include: Asteraceae (50 species), Poaceae (36
species), Rosaceae (16 species), Scrophulariaceae (16 species), Fabaceae (15 species), and Brassicaceae (15 species).
Voucher specimens are deposited in the herbarium at
Utah Valley State College.
The relative area and floristic richness of the Box Wilderness area is compared with the same characteristics for
seven other locations in Utah (table 3). The relationship
between species and land area is graphically shown in
figure 1. The number of named plant taxa is somewhat
linearly related to the logarithm (base 10) of area sampled.
The regression of species on the area is statistically significant (p < 0.05), but the regression accounts for only slightly
more than 50 percent of the variation observed. Nevertheless, the regression line does serve a useful function in that
it shows locations that fall above (more species than expected for their area in this analysis) or below the regression
line. Locations falling below the line may be poorly collected
or have inherently low biodiversity. A reverse explanation
could be offered for locations falling above the regression
line.
Several points seem worthy of note in figure 1: (1) The Box
Wilderness study area appears to be quite thoroughly collected, since it is not unusually complex ecologically in this
suite of locations. (2) Two locations below the regression
line (the Desert Experimental Range and Tooele County)
are more arid than average for this set of locations and
somewhat less topographically variable. (3) Zion National
Park and Washington County fall far above the regression
line: both are topographically complex and well collected.
325
Rosler, Cooper, Van Buren, and Harper
Plant Diversity at Box-Death Hollow Wilderness Area, Garfield County, Utah
Table 1—Vascular plant checklist for “The Box”, Death Box Hollow Wilderness Area, Garfield County, UT. Sixty three families, 304 species. LB =
plants collected in the lower part of “The Box” (elevation 2,040 to 2,200 m); MB = plants collected in the middle part of “The Box” (elevation
2,200 to 2,500 m); UB = plants collected in the upper part of “The Box” (elevation >2,500 m).
Botanical name
Division Lycopodiophyta
Family Selaginellaceae
Selaginella mutica D. C. Eaton
Division Equisetophyta
Family Equisetaceae
Equisetum arvense L.
Equisetum hyemale L.
Equisetum laevigatum A. Br.
Division Polypodiophyta
Family Polypodiaceae
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh.
Division Pinophyta
Family Cupressaceae
Juniperus communis L.
Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little
Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.
Ephedra viridis Cov.
Family Pinaceae (pine)
Picea pungens Engelm.
Pinus edulis Engelm.
Pinus ponderosa Lawson
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Division Magnoliophyta
Class Magnoliopsida
Family Aceraceae
Acer glabrum Torr.
Acer negundo L.
Family Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus retroflexus L.
Family Anacardiaceae
Rhus aromatica Ait var. trilobata (Nutt.) Gray
Family Apiaceae
Angelica pinnata Wats.
Conioselinum scopulorum (Gray) Coult & Rose
Cymopterus lemmonii (Coult.& Rose) Dorn
Cymopterus purpureus Wats.
Ligusticum porteri Coult. & Rose
Lomatium latilobum (Rydb.) Mathias
Osmorhiza depauperata H. & A.
Family Apocynaceae
Apocynum androsaemifolium L.
Family Asclepiadaceae
Asclepias asperula (Decne.) Woodson
Family Asteraceae
Achillea millefolium L.
Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hook.
Antennaria neglecta Greene
Antennaria parvifolia Nutt.
Artemisia bigelovii Gray
Artemisia campestris L.
Artemisia carruthii Wood ex Carruth
Artemisia frigida Willd.
Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.
Artemisia tridentata var. tridentata Nutt.
Aster ascendens Lindl.
Aster chilensis Nees
Aster foliaceus Lindl. in DC. var. parryi (D.C. Eaton) Gray
Aster glaucodes Blake
Aster occidentalis (Nutt.) T. & G.
Bahia dissecta (Gray) Britt.
Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt.
Brickellia microphylla (Nutt.) var. scabra Gray
326
Location
LB
LB, UB
UB
MB
UB,MB
LB
LB
LB
LB,MB
LB, MB
LB,MB
UB, MB
UB, MB
MB
LB
LB
UB
UB
LB
LB
UB
LB
UB
LB
LB
UB
LB
MB
LB
LB
LB
LB
UB
LB
MB
UB
UB
UB
LB
LB
Botanical name
Chaetopappa ericoides (Torr.) Nesom
Chrysothamnus linifolius Greene
Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pallas) Britt
var. arenarius (L.C. Anderson)
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt.
Cirsium neomexicanum var. utahensis (Petrak) Welsh
Erigeron abajoensis Cronq.
Erigeron awapensis Welsh
Erigeron flagellaris Gray
Erigeron pumilus Nutt.
Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby
Helenium hoopesii Gray
Helianthella microcephala Gray
Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinn.
var. hispida (Hook.) Harms
Hymenopappus filifolius Hook.
var. cinereus (Rydb.) Johnston
Hymenoxys acaulis (Pursh) Parker
var. arizonica (Greene) Parker
Hymenoxys acaulis (Pursh) parker var. nana Welsh
Hymenoxys richardsonii (Hook.) Cockerell
Iva axillaris L.
Machaeranthera bigelovii (Gray) Green
Machaeranthera canescens (Pursh) Gray
var. canescens
Machaeranthera grindelioides (Nutt.) Shinn.
Psilostrophe sparsiflora (Gray) A. Nels.
Senecio douglasii DC.
Senecio eremophilus Richards.
Senecio multilobatus T. & G.
Senecio spartioides T. & G. var. spartioides
Stephanomeria spinosa (Nutt.) Tomb
Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Torr.) Hall
Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wiggers
Tetradymia canescens DC.
Townsendia incana Nutt.
Tragopogon dubius Scop.
Family Berberidaceae
Mahonia repens (Lindl.) G. Don
Family Betulaceae
Betula occidentalis Hook.
Family Boraginaceae
Cryptantha confertiflora (Greene) Payson
Cryptantha fulvocanescens (Wats.) Payson
Cryptantha pterocarya (Torr.) Greene
Lappula occidentalis (Wats.) Greene
Lithospermum multiflorum Torr. ex A. Gray
Lithospermum ruderale Dougl. ex Lehm
Mertensia arizonica Greene
Family Brassicaceae
Arabis demissa Greene
Arabis holboellii Hornem. var. pinetorum (Tidestr.) Rollins
Cardamine cordifolia Gray
Chorispora tenella (Pallas) DC.
Descurainia californica (Gray) Schulz
Descurainia richardsonii (Sweet) Schulz
var. sonnei (Robins.) C.L.Hitchc
Draba sp.
Lepidium montanum Nutt. var. jonesii (Rydb.) C.L. Hitchc.
Lesquerella intermedia (Wats.) Heller
Lesquerella ludoviciana (Nutt.) Wats.
Lesquerella rectipes Woot. & Standl.
Location
LB
LB
LB
UB
LB
UB
UB
LB
LB
UB
UB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
UB
UB
UB,LB
LB
LB
MB
UB
UB
LB
UB
LB
UB
UB
LB
LB
MB
UB
LB
LB
LB
LB
UB,LB
LB
MB
MB
LB
UB
LB
LB
LB
UB
LB
LB
MB
LB
(con.)
USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-21. 2001
Plant Diversity at Box-Death Hollow Wilderness Area, Garfield County, Utah
Rosler, Cooper, Van Buren, and Harper
Table 1 (Con.)
Botanical name
Physaria newberryi Gray
Streptanthella longirostris (Wats.) Rydb
Streptanthus cordatus Nutt. ex T. & G.
Thlaspi montanum L. var. montanum
Location
LB
LB
LB
LB
Family Cactaceae
Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm.
Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.
Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm.
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
LB
LB
LB
LB
Family Campanulaceae
Campanula parryi Gray
Campanula rotundifolia L.
Family Capparaceae
Cleome lutea Hook.
Family Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera involucrata (Richards.) Banks ex Sprengel
Sambucus caerulea Raf.
Sambucus racemosa L.
Symphoricarpos oreophilus Gray
Family Caryophyllaceae
Arenaria fendleri Gray
Arenaria macradenia Wats.
Stellaria longipes Goldie var. longipes
Family Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium fremontii Wats.
Chenopodium graveolens
var. neomexicana (Aellen) Aellens
Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Wats.
Monolepis nuttalliana (Schultes) Greene
Salsola pestifer A. Nels.
Family Cornaceae
Cornus sericea L.
Family Elaeagnaceae
Elaeagnus angustifolia L.
Shepherdia canadensis (L.) Nutt.
Shepherdia rotundifolia Parry
LB
LB
LB
UB
LB
MB
UB
LB
LB
UB
UB
LB
LB
LB
LB
UB, MB
LB
UB
LB
Family Ericaceae
Arctostaphylos patula Greene
Family Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia brachycera Engelm. in Emory
Euphorbia micromera Boiss.
Family Fabaceae
Astragalus argophyllus Nutt. ex T. & G.
Astragalus ceramicus Sheldon
Astragalus kentrophyta Gray
Astragalus mollissimus Torr.
Astragalus subcinereus Gray
Astragalus utahensis (Torr.) T. & G.
Dalea searlsiae (Gray) Barneby.
Lotus utahensis Ottley
Lupinus sericeus Pursh
Medicago sativa L.
Melilotus albus Desr. ex Lam.
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas
Oxytropis deflexa (Pallas) DC. var. sericea T. & G.
Thermopsis montana Nutt. in T. & G.
Trifolium repens L.
Family Fagaceae
Quercus gambelii Nutt.
Family Gentianaceae
Swertia radiata (Kellogg) Kuntze
Family Geraniaceae
Geranium caespitosum James
Geranium richardsonii Fisch. and Trautv.
USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-21. 2001
LB
MB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
UB
LB
UB
LB
UB
LB, UB
UB
Botanical name
Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. and Mey.
Family Hydrophyllaceae
Phacelia ivesiana Torr. in Ives var. ivesiana
Family Lamiaceae
Mentha arvensis L.
Monardella odoratissima Benth
Family Malvaceae
Sidalcea candida Gray
Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb
Sphaeralcea parvifolia A. Nels.
Family Monotropaceae (Indian-pipe)
Pterospora andromeda Nutt.
Family Nyctaginaceae
Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook
Boerhaavia spicata var. torreyana Wats.
Mirabilis linearis var. decipiens (Standley) Welsh
Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl var. linearis
Mirabilis oxybaphoides (Gray) Gray in Torr
Family Oleaceae
Fraxinus anomala Torr. ex Wats.
Family Onagraceae
Epilobium angustifolium L.
Epilobium halleanum Hausskn.
Oenothera caespitosa var. marginata (Nutt.) Munz.
Oenothera flava (A. Nels.) Garrett var. flava
Oenothera pallida Lindl.
Family Plantaginaceae
Plantago patagonica Jacq.
Family Polemoniaceae
Gilia aggregata (Pursh) Sprengel
Gilia congesta Hook. var. frutescens (Rydb.) Cronq.
Leptodactylon pungens (Torr.) Nutt.
Linanthastrum nuttallii (Gray) Ewan
Linanthus bigelovii (Gray) Greene
Phlox pulvinata (Wherry) Cronq.
Phlox tumulosa Wherry
Family Polygalaceae
Polygala subspinosa Wats.
Family Polygonaceae
Eriogonum alatum Torr. in Sitgr.
Eriogonum cernuum Nutt.
Eriogonum palmerianum Reveal in Munz
Eriogonum racemosum Nutt.
Eriogonum subreniforme Wats.
Rumex patentia L.
Family Portulaceae
Portulaca oleracea L.‘
Family Primulaceae
Androsace septentrionalis L.
Primula parryi Gray
Family Pyrolaceae
Pyrola chlorantha Swartz
Pyrola secunda L.
Family Ranunculaceae
Aconitum columbianum Nutt. in T. & G.
Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.
Clematis columbiana (Nutt.) T. & G.
Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.
Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh
Ranunculus inamoenus Greene
Ranunculus repens L.
Thalictrum fendleri Englem. ex Gray
Family Rhamnaceae
Ceanothus fendleri Gray
Location
LB
LB
LB
UB
UB
LB
LB
UB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
UB
LB
LB
UB
LB
LB
MB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
UB
LB
UB
LB
UB
UB
UB
UB
UB
LB
UB
UB
UB
UB,MB
MB
(con.)
327
Rosler, Cooper, Van Buren, and Harper
Plant Diversity at Box-Death Hollow Wilderness Area, Garfield County, Utah
Table 1 (Con.)
Botanical name
Location
Family Rosaceae
Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt.
Amelanchier utahensis Koehne
Cercocarpus intricatus Wats.
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne
Geum macrophyllum Willd.
Holodiscus dumosus (Nutt.) Heller
Physocarpus alternans (Jones) J.T. Howell
Potentilla concinna Richards
Potentilla crinita Gray
Potentilla fruticosa L.
Potentilla ovina Macoun
Prunus virginiana L.
Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Welsh
var. stansburyana (Torr.) Welsh
Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC.
Rosa woodsii Lindl.
Rubus idaeus L.
UB
LB
LB
UB
UB
MB
MB
UB,MB
UB
UB
UB
UB,MB
LB,MB
MB
LB
MB
Family Salicaceae
Populus angustifolia James
LB,MB
Populus balsamifera L. var. trichocarpa (T. & G.) Brayshaw
MB
Populus tremuloides Michx.
UB,MB
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
UB
Salix boothii Dorn
MB
Salix brachycarpa Nutt.
UB
Salix drummondiana Barratt in Hook.
MB
Salix exigua Nutt.
LB
Salix geyeriana Anderss.
UB
Family Santalaceae
Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt.
LB
Family Saxifragaceae
Fendlerella utahensis (Wats.) Heller
Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. in T. & G. var. utahensis
Heuchera rubescens Torr. in Stansbury
Ribes cereum Dougl.
Ribes inerme Rydb.
Saxifraga odontoloma Piper
Family Scrophulariaceae
Castilleja flava Wats.
Castilleja linariifolia Benth.
Castilleja scabrida Eastw.
Mimulus guttatus DC.
Orthocarpus purpureo-albus Gray
Penstemon barbatus (Cav.) Roth.
Penstemon breviculus (Keck) Nisbet & R. Jackson
Penstemon eatonii Gray
Penstemon linarioides Gray
Penstemon moffattii Eastw.
Penstemon ophianthus Pennell
Penstemon pachyphyllus
var. mucronatus (N. Holmgren) Neese
Penstemon strictus Benth.
Penstemon utahensis Eastw.
Veronica americana Schwein. ex Benth
Veronica arvensis L.
LB
LB
MB UB
UB,MB
UB,MB
UB,MB
LB
LB
UB
LB
UB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
UB
Family Urticaceae
Urtica dioica L.
Family Valerianaceae
Valeriana edulis Nutt. ex T. & G.
Family Violaceae
Viola adunca J.E. Sm. ex Rees
Viola nephrophylla Greene
Family Viscaceae
Arceothobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm. in Gray
Arceuthobium divaricatum Engelm.
328
UB
UB
UB
UB
LB
LB,MB
Botanical name
Arceuthobium douglasii Engelm.
Phoradendron juniperinum Gray
Location
UB
LB
Class Liliopsida
Family Agavaceae
Yucca harrimaniae Trel.
LB
Family Commelinaceae
Tradescantia occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth
Family Cyperaceae
Carex aquatilis Wahl.
Carex praegracilis W. Boot.
Carex lanuginosa Michx.
Carex microptera Mack.
Carex nebraskensis Dewey
Carex rossii F. Boott
Carex rostrata Stokes ex With.
Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. & S.
Family Iridaceae
Sisyrinchium demissum Greene
Family Juncaceae
Juncus arcticus Willd.
Juncus ensifolius Wikstrom
Family Liliaceae
Allium cernuum Roth
Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt.
Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf.
Family Orchidaceae
Habenaria sparsiflora Wats.
Family Poaceae
Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertner var. desertorum
Agrostis stolonifera L.
Aristida purpurea Nutt.
Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steudel
Bromus carinatus H. & A.
Bromus ciliatus L.
Bromus inermis Leysser
Bromus tectorum L.
Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv.
Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey
Elymus glaucus Buckley
Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Meld.
Elymus junceus Fisch.
Elymus smithii (Rydb.) Gould
Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinn
Festuca octoflora Walter
Festuca ovina L.
Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth.
Muhlenbergia andina (Nutt.) A. S. Hitchc.
Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Mey.) Parodi
Muhlenbergia richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb
Muhlenbergia thurberi Rydb.
Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr.
Poa compressa L.
Poa fendleriana (Steudel) Vasey
Poa nervosa (Hook.) Vasey
Poa palustris L.
Poa pratensis L.
Poa trivialis L.
Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash in Small
Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray
Sporobolus flexuosus (Thurber) Rydb.
Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr.
Stipa coronata Thurber
Stipa hymenoides R. & S.
Stipa lettermanii Vasey
LB
LB
UB
UB
UB,LB
LB
UB
LB
LB
LB
LB, UB
UB
LB
MB
LB, MB
MB
LB
LB
LB
LB
UB
UB
UB
LB
UB
UB
UB
UB
LB
LB
UB
LB
LB
LB
UB
UB
LB
LB
LB
UB
UB
LB
UB
LB
LB
LB
LB
LB
UB
UB
USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-21. 2001
Plant Diversity at Box-Death Hollow Wilderness Area, Garfield County, Utah
Rosler, Cooper, Van Buren, and Harper
Table 2—Species collected in “The Box”
that are new records for Garfield
County, Utah.
1600
Astragalus argophyllus var. martinii
Boerhaavia spicata var. torreyana
Campanula rotundifolia
Chrysothamnus nauseosus var. arenarius
Cryptantha pterocarya var. pterocarya
Elymus glaucus
Epilobium hallaenum
Geranium viscosissimum
Habenaria sparsiflora var. laxiflora
Hymenoxys acaulis var. nana
Linanthus biglovii
Lithospermum ruderale
Lomatium latilobum
Opuntia phaeacantha var. phaeacantha
Penstemon barbatus
Phlox tumulosa
Poa compressa
Poa nervosa
Populus balsamifera
Rumex patentia
Salix drummondiana
Veronica arvensis
y= -617.5 + 249.6X
r = +0.729 ( p < .05)
No. Species
1400
WACO
1200
1000
KACO
ZNP
800
sample pts.
TOCO
600
Predicted Y
CRNP
BCNP
400
BOX
DER
200
0
0
2
4
6
8
log 10 Area
Figure 1—The relationship between area and plant
diversity at eight locations in Utah. (BCNP = Bryce
Canyon National Park; BOX = Box Wilderness study
area; CRNP = Capitol Reef National Park; DER = Desert
Experimental Range; KACO = Kane County; TOCO =
Tooele County; WACO = Washington County).
Acknowledgments ______________
References _____________________
This project was funded by a grant obtained by Dr. Eileen
Bunderson (deceased) of Brigham Young University. The
authors would like to thank: Dr. E. Bunderson, Delita
Barnett, Adam Froerer, Jana Gamette, Robyn Gamette,
Karin Holmes, Robert Holmes, Carly Rasmussen, Chad
Wright, and other members of the Provo High School Botany
Club for help with collection, pressing and identification of
specimens. Donna Barnes and Dianne Carter helped in
manuscript preparation.
Albee, Beverly J., Leila M. Schulz and Sherel Goodrich, 1988. Atlas
of the Vascular Plants of Utah. Utah Museum of Natural History,
Occasional Publication No. 7. 670 p.
Arnow, Lois A. 1971. Vascular flora of Red Butte Canyon, Salt Lake
County, Utah. Master of Science thesis. University of Utah. Salt
Lake City. 388 p.
Brough, Clayton R.; Pope, Dan, eds. 1996. Utah’s Weather and
Climate. Salt Lake City, UT. Publisher’s Press. 245 p.
Cronquist, A. and others. 1977–1994. Intermountain Flora (5 vols.
to date). The New York Botanical Garden, New York.
Goodrich, Sherel. 1986. Vascular Plants of the Desert Experimental Range, Millard County, UT; U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Forest Service. General Technical Report. INT-209. 72 p.
Harper, K. T.; Sanderson, S.; McArthur E. D. 2001. Quantifying
plant diversity in Zion National Park, Utah. In: McArthur, E. D.;
Fairbanks, D. J., comps. Shrubland ecosystem genetics and
biodiversity proceedings. 2000 June 13–15; Provo, UT. Proc.
RMRS-P-21. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 318–324.
Meyer, Susan E. 1982. Plant Checklist: Capitol Reef National Park.
Capitol Reef Natural History Association, Torry, Utah.
Spence, John R. and Hayle Buchanan. 1993. Checklist of the
Vascular Plants of Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah. Great
Basin Naturalist 53: 207-221.
Stokes, William Lee. 1986. Geology of Utah. Utah Museum of
Natural History, University of Utah and Utah Geological and
Mineral Survey, Salt Lake City.
Welsh, Stanley L.; Atwood N. D.; Goodrich S.; Higgins L. C. 1993. A
nd
Utah Flora, 2 ed. Printing Services, Brigham Young University,
Provo, UT. 986 p.
Table 3—Area and number of species and sub-specific taxa at each of
several locations in Utah. The literature source for the
information at each location is shown.
Location
Area
Number of
Families Genera Species
ha
Box Wildernessa
648
Desert Experimental Rangeb 22,543
Bryce Canyon National Parkc 15,092
Capitol Reef National Parkd
97,937
Zion National Parke
59,926
Kane Countyf
1,075,828
Tooele Countyf
1,914,592
Washington Countyf
584,121
63
42
73
74
94
92
84
110
175
134
232
280
402
399
380
556
304
240
458
512
929
998
881
1,374
a
This manuscript.
Goodrich (1986).
c
Spence and Buchanan (1993).
d
Meyer (1982).
e
Harper, Sanderson, and McArthur (2001).
f
Albee, Schulz, and Goodrich (1988).
b
USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-21. 2001
329