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Early Histol1' oj: St. L()uis C)~eek an.d th.e
Fraser ExperilneJltal F~()l·est: A. Na)~rati,re
Robert R. Alexander 1
. Abstract--The early history of the St. Louis Creek drainage and
the Fraser Experimental Forest is described in a narrative. Included are
the establishment of the National Forests in 1908, 10~lgin~1 by railroad
and flume, andlo~lging camps in the early 1900s, acquisition of private
lands, establishment of the Fraser Experimental Forest in 1937, construction of the headquarters complex, research activities from the
early days of the Experimental Fon~st to the present, and personnel that
have worl<ecl on the Fraser Expl~rimental Forest in the past 50 years.
Before Establishment of the f'raser Experimental Forest
Logging began in this area (now part of the: Fraser Experimental Forest) in 1906. A standard gauge logging railroad was
built from the sawmill (established jn 1906) located above the
town of Fraser into the area to remove the timber harvested.
The area that is now part of the Fraser Experimental Forest
was part of 5,000 acres of forest land owned or leased by the
Middle Park Lumber Co., operators of the mill. Although most
logs were transported to the mi.ll on flatcars (fig. 2) for
manufacture, some rough lumber milled on site also was
hauled. The railroad grade followed the present main road
from the town of Fraser to the hill above the bridge crossing
Sf:. Louis Creek, turned west along a bench, and then south i.nto
the area northwest of Sagebrush Flat about 1 mile from the
present main road between the Fraser Experimental Forest
and the town of Fraser (fig. 3).
The original stands jn the area west of the present road
south to Sagebrush Flat were mature mixed Engelmann
spruce, subalpine fir, and lodgepole pine. They were logged
until 1907, when sparks from the logging locomotive set: the
area on fire. After the fire, the area regenerated to lodgepole
pine, and today it is stocked with second-growth lodgepole
pine. RaHroad logging in the general area continued until
about 1912 when the lumber company went bankrupt. By 1918,
the mill, railroad, etc., no longer existed. Although the railroad
was abandoned and the rails taken up, and the mill dismantled,
evidence of the old railroad grade and the concrete footings
of the mill site can readily be seen today. The logging engine,
a Climax, was left standing on a short stub-end siding at Fraser
unti.l1939 (fig. 4).
To the east of the present main road, the land area in the
St. Louis Creek drainage north of the original National Forest
boundary was a combination of "school lands" and other
private ownership. The original forests in this area also were
Although Indians, probably Utes and possibly Arapahos,
undoubtedly entered the St. Louis Creek drainage from time
to time before the arrival of the white man, they left little or no
visible evidence of their presence. \\lith the settlement of the
West, however, mi.ners and trappers came into the valley in the
late 1800s. Numerous ruins of mine shafts and cabins attest to
their presence.
The earliest recorded mi.ni.ng claims near St. Louis Pass
date from the early 1900s.1\lost of the miners were looking for
gold, but found lead, zinc, and silver. In addition to those
claims near St. Louis Pass, early miners were active in the Iron
and 1\1ine Creek drainages (fig. 1). 1\1ining continued on a
limited basis in upper Mine Creek through the 1950s. However, the volume of are extracted was never high enough to
warrant extensive operations.
The Fraser Experimental Forest was withdrawn from
mineral entry in the early 1950s, and today there is no mining
activity on the Forest.
On May 12, 1905, that part of St. Louis Creek drainage that
lies north of Sections 32,33, 34, and 35, T1S, R76W, 6P1\1 was
set aside as part of the Leadville Forest Reserve. The LeadviJ.J.e
Reserve jncluded southern Grand County from Kremmling,
Hot Sulpher Springs, Fraser, and east to the Continental
Divide. On July 1, 1908, it became. part of the Arapaho
National Forest when that Forest was established. The land
north of that line was in private ownership at the beginning of
this century.
1Chief Silviculturist and Project Leader in charge of the Fraser
Experimental Forest, Rocky Mountain Forest and f~an~~e EJ<periment
Station. Station headquarters is in Fort Collins, in cooperation with
Colorado State University.
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FRASER EXPERIMENTAL FOREST
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Figure 1.-Dlagrammatlc sketch of the St. Louis Creek dl'alnage, showing location
of streams, roads, physical structures, and mining and loggln9 activity before
establishment of the Fraser Experimental Forest.
logged over and burned. These lands regenerated to aspen and
lodgepole pine, with the laUe.r now crowding out the aspen.
Concern about the repeated fires in the areas north of the
original forest boundary caused the early National Forest
officers to cut a 600-foot wide firebreak from ridgetop to
ridgetop along the north boundary of the National Forest lands
sometime about 1910 (fig. 1). All trees were felled, and the
usable material sold and removed. The firebreak, which
regenerated to dense, second-growth lodgepole pine., can be
identified toda.y.
]\1ost of the cutover and burned over lands below the
original forest boundary were acquired by the Forest Servic.e
in a series of land exchanges between 1928 and 1930. In 1951,
the last cutover private land, now within the boundaries of the
2
Figure 2. loading logs at the end of the rail line. Note size of logs on
the flatcqrs (1907).
Figure ".--Cllmax locomotive No. 684 used to haul log train from
woods to the mill (1907).
Fraser Experimental Forest, was obtained from Koppers Co.,
Inc.
Early timber harvesting on the National Forest also began
about 1910. These stands also; were mature mixed spruce, fir,
and lodgepole pine. Indi.vidlJal trees were marked and cut
rathe.r than following the dear cutting practices used on adjoining private lands. The original nails scribed with U.S. and
the date used to designate cut trees can still be found in stumps
where they were placed after the trees were cut.
During the early timber harvesting on Forest Service land,
a flume was built from a mil.1, located just east of the prese.nt
Koppers Co. yard and north of the town of Fraser, and
extending along St. Louis Creek to just above its confluence
with Byers Creek (fig. 5). A flume also was built from the
confluence of St. Louis Creek and West St. Louis Creek along
the latter stream for a distance of about 2 miles. Evidence of
the flume and the structures used to dam water (fig. 6) still can
be seen today.
Trees on the National Fore·st lands generally were in the 11to I5-inch diameter dass (I.e., material suitable. for ra.ilroad
ties). This partial cutting resembled a two-cut she.lterwood. In
areas near the flume, logs were cut, skidded by horses, and
decked at landings along the flume where they could be loaded
into the flume for transport to the mill (fig. 7). As cutting
progressed away from the flumes, logs were either loaded into
horse-drawn wagons for transport to the landings in the
summer or into horse-drawn sleds in the winter (fig. 8). Logs
decked during the winter were not flumed uhtil water could
readily flow through the flume without freezing. Judging from
the extensive network of wagon roads still evident on the
ground, most of the areas along all stream bottoms within
skidding distance of the flume were cutover. During this
period of time, some logs also may have been transported to
the mill in wagons or sleds.
When logging began on the National Forest, logging camps
were established at severallocations. The camp at "Lapland"
was located in the clearing about 1 mile south of the Fraser
Experimental Forest headquarters, where the Denver Water
Board's siphon crosses the main road (fig. 9); the camp at
"Stockholm" was located in the dearing across St. Louis Creek
east of the Experi.mental Forest headquarters; and the camp
at "Copenhagen" was located in a deari.ng just below the
present gaging station on East St. Louis Creek. The largest
camp was "Lapland," which provided housing for both single
and married loggers (fig. 10). These camps persisted until after
\\Torld War I, but evidence of their existence has been obliterated, with the exception of the ruins of a cabin, stable, and
cookhouse at Copenhagen. In addition, there were other more
temporary camps. One of these was located on the site later
occupied by the Byers Ranger Station. There are people. still
living in the Fraser area that were born in these logging camps.
There also is evidence of an old logging camp and two
sawmill. sets on Spruce Creek about 1 mile west of the present
Fraser Experimental Forest headquarters. However, these
remnants of early logging activity were in use as late as the
1930s when the land to the west and north of the camp and
sawmill sets \vas in private ownership.
About 1915, the Byers Ranger Station was built in the
dearing just: north of the present Fraser Experimental Forest
Irrigation
ditch \
to!
i
YlMile
' \ Main road
Figure 3.--Dlagrammatlc sltetch of area now occupied by s.~cond­
growth lodgepole showing location of old rail mad grade, irrigation ditches, roads, and research plots. This area originally was
In private ownership.
3
Figure 7.--logs decked near "la.pland" waiting transport to the mill by
flume.
Figure 5.--Wooden flume constructed to transpol't logs to the mill at
FI'aser.
Figure 8.--Horse-drawn sled used to transport logs to landings In the
winter.
Figure 9.--logglng camp at Lapland, 1917.
Figure 10.--The Franlt Madison (left) and J. B. Stl!'Iens (right) families
at Lapland (1917) ready fol' chul'ch.
Figure 6.--Headgate and dam constructed to provide the head of
water needed to float logs In the flume.
4
he.adquarters. This station, occupied year long, consisted of a
two-story house, barn, and outbuildings constructed from
rough logs (fig. 11). The station, occupied until the 1930s,
pe.rsisted until the 1950s, when all buildings but the log barn
were eithe.r torn down or moved. The old barn, now used for
storage, is the only visible remains of the station. The ranger
assigned to this station was responsible for general admini.stration of the area, including the establishment of an extensive
system of trails that accessed the largely roadless area within
the forest boundary. Today, many of the trails have been
abandoned, but there still i.s evi.dence on the ground and an
occasional trail sign.
As the Forest Service acquired those lands below the
original forest boundary beginning in the 1920s, logging activity diminished, with the excepti()n of those lands north of the
forest boundary and we·st of the present main road that were
owned by Koppers Co. This reduction was due largely to the
fact that most readily accessible land had been cut over and/
or burne.d over, and the market for railroad ti.es was poor.
Logging on Koppers' lands, mc}stly for poles, continued until
they were acquired by the Forest Service in the early 1950s in
a land exchange.
Other activities occurred on lands north of the original
forest boundary after they were acquired by the Forest Service
but before the establishment of the Fraser Experimental
Forest. During Prohibition, a still was established west of the
pre.sent road about half way between the Fraser Experimental
Forest headquarters and the. present Experimental Forest
entry sign (fig. 1). The operators distilled moonshine whiskey
and stored it in barrels for resale. A disgruntled competitor or
customer notified local law enforcement officers, who de.stroyed the still. The broken barrels, staves, and hops still are
visible, scattered around the site.
Water always has been important to the ranches in the
Fraser VaHey. Three irrigation ditches transport water from
St. Louis Creek west and north to ranchers for irrigation of
heavy meadows (fig. 3). Today, all ditches are operational, but
water carrie.d by some of the ditches has been sold to the
Denver Water Board.
Both cattle and sheep allotments in force on the Fraser
Experimental Forest predate establishment. The cattle allotment was for 55 A lJl\fs for a number of years, but has been 23
AtJMs in recent years. Cows and calves are turned onto the
Experimental Forest by the permittee on July 1 and are
removed by October 1. The sheep allotment (1,000 to 2,000
head band) is part of a larger aJlotment. Sheep normally are
moved up the Darling Creek driveway, moved across the high
county, and end up on the Fraser Experimental Forest be.fore
bei.ng removed down the Fool Creek driveway. In recent years,
the permittee has chosen to take nonuse i.n 3 out of every 4
years.
After Establishment of the Fraser Experimental Forest
Thel\fcSweeny-l\fcNary Act, passed by Congress in 1928,
authoriz.ed 12 regional forest experiment stations. The Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range. Experiment Station, the. last of
the experiment stations funded by the Act, was established
July 1, 1935. It is headquartered in Fort Collins, Colo., in
cooperation with Colorado State University. Because it was
the policy of the Forest Service to concentrate researc.h work
on experimental forests, the Roc.ky Mountain Station, with
assistance from the officers of the Regional Forester and
Supervisor of the Arapaho National Forest, selected the
23,000 acres of St. Louis Creek drainage as an area for
researcb. On I\fay 10, 1937, the re.port establishing the Fra.ser
Experimental Forest was submitted, and on August 26,1937,
it was a.pproved by the Chief of the Forest Service.. Original
efforts were concentrated on timber and wa.tershed rese·arch.
In later years, the scope of research activities on the Fraser
Experimental Forest has been significantly expanded.
The objectives and results of studies conducted on the
Fraser Experimental Forest are beyond the scope of this
narrative. This information has been documented by Alexander and others in numerous publications listed under Research Published 1937-1985 of Alexander et ai. (1985).2
The area set aside for research originally was called the St.
Louis Creek Experimental Forest, but the name was changed
to Fraser Experimental Forest before formal establishment.
"'hile the Experimental Forest is part of the Arapaho National
Forest, it is admini.stered by the Rocky l\fountain Forest and
Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colo. The present
Fraser Experimental Forest occupies a.ll of the original Forest
Reserve and lands west of the main road, and north along the
road to the Arapaho National Forest boundary (fig. 12).
The first research personnel assigned to the Fraser Experimental Forest established a tent camp in 1937 on Byers Creek,
just south of where it enters st. Loui.s Creek (fig. 13). The
2PllexandEH, F~obert R; TroendlE~, Charles A.; Kaul'mann, Merrill R.;
Crouch, Glenn L.; WaHdns, Ross K 1985. The Fraser
Experimental ForE~st, Colorado: research program and published research 1!~37-1985. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-118. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment
Station, Fort Collins, Colo. 46 p.
ShE~pperd, Wayne D.;
Figure 11.--Byers Ranger Station. Location was just north of present
Frasel' E)Cperlmental Forest headquarters.
5
c Lodgepole pine thinning plot •
• A.pen thinning plot.
• Spl'uce method. of cutting plot.
• Lodgepole pine method. of cutting plot.
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Spl'uce .eed Pl'oductlon p/o,.
o Lodgepole pine Initial .pac/ng plot
, Den"el' Watel' BoaI'd
collection .yatem FEF
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ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST 11 RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION
FRASER EXPERIMENTAL FOREST
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Figure 12.~~Dl8gramm8tlc sketch of the Fraser Experimental Forest as It exists today showing
locations of streams, roads, water diversions, other physical structures, and research plots.
original survey crew was primarily responsible. for cruising and
mapping early study areas, but they also staked and cleared the
site for the present headquarters and cut and peeled the first
logs hauled to the site for construction of the buildings.
In 1938, a CCC c.amp was established on the present site of
the Fraser Experime.ntal Forest headquarters. It consisted of
barracks, a cookhouse, recreation hall, lavatory, and numerous storage and service buildings. Enrollees at this camp were
responsible for cutting and milling most of the logs used to
construct the two-bedroom house, the two single-bedroom
houses, and the log garage that are still part of the headquarters complex (fig. 14). The buildings were constructed between 1938 and 1940 by local skilled artisans (carpenters, brick
layers, etc.) employed by the Economic. Recovery Administration (ERA). Original plans called for additional housing and
storage buildings, but with the advent of World \Var II, the
camp and the CCC and ERA programs were dissolved.
The original access to the headquarters area was a single
lane road from the town of Fraser that paralleled the current
road. This old road was frequently jmpassable during wet
weather. The present all-weather two lane road was constructed jn 1946--47 by the Publi.c Highway Department.
After the CCC camp dosed, one barrack, the cookhouse,
recreation hall, and lavatory were retained for use by temporary summer field assistants hjred to assist scientists in their
work. The recreation hall collapsed in the late 19405, and the
6
barrack, cookhouse, and lavatory were either demolished or
moved in 1956, when the present dormitory and lounge were
built. The office buildi.ng was obtained from the Bureau of
Reclamation in 1952 and located at its present site. Log siding
was added to the frame building to blend in with the other log
buildings. The metal garage in the work area was erected in the
early 1960s, the log records storage building, originally a
survival cabin, was moved from its site south of the old Fool
Creek gaging station and placed at its present location in 1984,
and the cookhouse and laboratory buildings were prefabricated and located on si.te in 1985 and 1986, respectively.
One of the original research efforts on the Fraser Experimental Forest was to locate and inventory the lodgepole pine
methods··of-cutti.ng plots on King Creek. These plots, consisting of five cutting treatments replicated four times, occupied
160 acres (fig.1S). Plots were harvested by ERA crews in 19391940. Trees were cut and the logs skidded by either horses (fig.
16) or tractors (fig. 17) to landings. Logs then were either
transported by trucks to a local mill in Winter Park or milled
on site by ERA crews with a portable sawmill (fig. 18). Access
to these plots was provided by the King Creek Loop road,
which was reconstructed in the late 1940s to its current
standard.
A number of the original lodgepole pine methods-ofcutting plots in Block C along the upper loop of the King Creek
road were obliterated in the early 1980s, when three large, 10to 30-acre, clearcut units were installed to measure the effects
of snow deposition in large openings (fig. 19).
Figure 13.--Tents were used to house research personnel before construction of I)el'lnanent housing at Fraser Experimental Forest
headquarters. This tent was located at the Byers Creek site.
4
In the early 1940s, the 'Vest St. Louis Cree.k road was
constructed to the first switchback below the present access
road to the Lexen Creek gaging station. This road originally
was built to access Block I of the spruce-fir methods of cutting
study. Block I, consisting of three treatments (fig. 20) and
Figure llJ.--Areal vlewofheadquarters complex, Fraser Experimental
Forest.
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Figure 15.--Diagrammatlc sl(etch of the location of the ol'lglnallodgc!pole pine methods of
cutting study on King Creek.
7
CUT
Figure 19.--La.rge clearcut unit on the Fraser Experimental Forest cut
to measure effects of snow del)Osltlon In large openings.
Figure 16.--Sklddlnglogs with a horse on the lodgel)ole pine methods
of cutting plots on KI.ng Creek In 1939.
Figure 17.--Tractor used to skid logs on the lodgepole pine methods
of cutting plots on King Creek In 1939.
Figure 18.--Portable sawmill used to mill logs on site on the lodgepole
pine methods of cutting plots.
Figure 20.--(A) two-step shelterwood, (B) gl'Oup selection, and (C)
altemate strip clearcutting, Fraser Experimental Forest.
8
uncut control occupying 24 acres, was cut in 1944 by POWs
from a camp established near the town of Frase,r. The POWs
employed were mostly Bavarians from Uommel's Africa,
Corps, who had considerable woods experience. The logs
were bought by and transported to the mill in "'i.nter Park.
Construction of the West St. Louis Creek road, including the
loop, was completed in the early 1950s. This road originally
was intended to provide access to Blocks II and III of the
spruce-fir methods of cutting study. However, the blocks were
never cut. Today, the road provides part of the access to the
Byers Peak and Bottle Pass trails.
The first watershe,d study' on the. Fraser Experimental
Forest i.nvolved the paired Fool Creek and East St. Louis
Creek watersheds. The treated watershed (Fool. Creek), a 714~
acre drainage, has been gaged since 1940. The original
streamgage was replaced in 1980. The streamgage on the
control watershed (East St. Louis Creek), a 2,198-acre drainage, originally was constructeq in 1942 and reconstructed in
1965. The original access road.. to the Fool Creek streamgage
was built in 1940 and reconstructed in the late 1940s. The
current Fool Creek road system, 4.5 miles of main road and 8
miles of spur roads, was constructed in the early 1950s (fig. 12).
Today, only the main road is maintained. Fool Creek was
harvested in 1954~56 by removing timber in alternate cut and
leave strips that. varied from 66 to 400 feet in width (fig. 21).
Logs were skidded with horse.s, de.eked, and sale.able material
hauled by truck to the Koppers Co. mill yard in Fraser.
U nsaleable pulpwood products were decked in a clearing near
the first switchback above the gagi.ng station on the main road.
This material was sold later as firewood to local motel and
condominium operators.
In 1955-56, streamgages were constructed on another pair
of watersheds on the west si.de of Fraser Experimental Forest.
The treated watershed (Deadhorse Creek) is a 667-acre
drainage; the control watershed (Le.xen Creek) is 306 acres in
size. The access road from the West St. Louis Creek road to
the Deadhorse Creek main streamgage was built in 1955 and
that to the Lexen Creek gaging station in 1956. The remaining
access roads into Deadhorse Creek (approximately 9 miles of
main and spur roads) were constructed from the early 1970s
to the early 1980s (fig. 12). Two additional streamgages were
built in the early 19705, one on the North Fork and one on the
Upper Basin. The first ti.mber harvesting on Deadhorse Creek
was in 1977-78, when the 100-acre North Fork unit was
harve,sted by elearcutting about one··thi.rd of the subdrainage
in sma1l3··acre clearcut patches. The, North Slope unit, anoth(~r
100-acre subdrainage, was harvested in 1980-81, when about
one-third of the volume was removed in the first cut of a threeste.p she.J.terwood. The last unit harvested was the Upper Basin,
a 200-acre subdrainage, where about 30~t. of the are,a was
harvesteel in 1982-84 in small 1- to 5··acre clearcut patches (fig.
22). In all of these units, logs were skidded downhill to landings
using rubber-tired skidders and small crawler tractors. Logs
were hauled by truck to the mi.ll in Fraser.
In 1955, the De,nver "Tater Board constructed its water
collection system on the Fraser Experimental. Forest. \Vater,
collected from all. streams except Deadhorse and Spruce
Cree.ks, is diverted by a series of gate.d structures into a
collection system consisting of buried concrete and steel pipes
varying in diameter up to 6 feet. '" ater is transported through
this system into a 1,700-foot tunnel on King Creek and into the
Vasquez Creek collection system for eventual transport
through the Moffet Tunnel. Part of the present Fraser Experimental Forest road system is constructed over the Denver
\Vater Board Diversion system (fig. 12).
A skyline cable system for logging steep slopes was tested
from 1956 to 1959 on the Fraser Experimental Forest (fig. 23).
The site was located on West St. Louis Cre.ek, and the
cableways from the three settings used are still visible to the
west from the road just above the turnoff to the Lexen Creek
gaging station (fig. 24). Trees were removed from slopes of
25% to 80%, a distance of one··half mile from the main landing,
by both dear cutting and partial cutting.
In the early days, the Fraser Experimental Forest was
c.onsidered a "back c.ountry station," and the Forest employed
a cook during the summer months. From 1945 through 1960,
when the government mess was discontinued, the cook was
Andrew J. O'Malia. A sign "Ike Ate Here" hangs over the
entrance to the dining room of the "lodge" at the Fraser
Experimental Forest. President Dwight D. Eise.nhower was a
guest at the Byers Peak Ranch at Fraser, Colo., for part of the
summers of 1953,1954, and 1955. The Experimental Forest
joins the west boundary of the ranch.
During the summer of 1953, arrangements were made with
Sherman Adams (formerly a lumberman), Specia.l Assistant to
President Eisenhower, for the President to visit and have lunch
Lexen Creek
Deadhorse Creek
Figure 22.--Pair'f!d Deadhorse and Lexen Creek watersheds after
timber harvesting on Deadhorse Creel, was completed In 1984.
Figure 21.--Palred Fool Creek and East St. Louis Creek watersheds
after strip cutting on Fool Creek was COml)leted In 1956.
9
In the 50 years since the establishment of the Fraser
Experimental Forest, about 50 scientists and a dozen technicians, permanent staff, and support personnel at Rocky
Mountain Stati.on, have been assigned to work on the Forest.
(They are listed at the end of this paper.) In addition, nearly
100 scientists have worked there as either summer field
assistants or as graduate students. During this time, more than
240 publications, Ph.D dissertations, and Masters theses have
been produced from research done on the Forest (Alexander
et al. 1985). More.over, scientists from all over the Uni.ted
States and many foreign countries have visited the Fraser
Experimental Forest to learn about research accomplished
and underway.
In recent years, new areas on the Fraser Experimental
Forest have been cut and thinned for studies (fig. 25) and
demonstrations (fig. 26) that are part of the current research
program. These activities and other studies underway are
documented in papers presented in this symposium and in
numerous publications listed by Alexander et al. (1985).2
Figure 23.~- Turn of logs being transported to the landing by skyline
cable system, 1956.
at the Experimental Forest. President Eisenhower also was
considered to be a good "camp cook." He and Andy became
friends, and that lead to Eisenhower's introduction to thenChief Dick McArdle at the dedication of the :Missoula, 1\10nt.
fire lab in 1954.
Figure 25.~-Younglodgepole pine thinned to GSL 120, Fraser Experimental Forest.
Figure 24.-~Cable logging site after system was removed showing
cableways and timber harvesting patterns.
Figure 26.~- Three-cut shelterwood demonstration area in Old-growth
spruce-fir, Fraser Experimental Forest.
10
Appendix1.--Personnel at th~:l Fraser Experimental Forest.
Hydrolc)9Y and
solis
,jim Bergen
M. H.CoIIHtt
Harry Brown
Charles Connaughton
Willie Curtis
Jerry Dunford 1
Ernie Frank
Howard Gary
Bert Goodell 1
Arden HaHffner
Burchard HeedH
Marvin Hoover 1
Paullngebo
Merrill Kaufmann 2
Chuc~( Leaf1
Grenville Lloyd
Dud Love 1
Timber
Bob Alexander 1,:~
Ray Boyd
Carl Edminster 2
FranGis Herman
Bill Hornibrook
John ,jones'
Ed f(otok
Bert Lexen 1
Sue McElderrx
Todd Mowrer'"
Dan Noble
Franl( Ronco
WaYrH~ Shepperd 2
Wildlife and forest
pests
Technician
Glenn Crouch 2
Frank Hawksworth 2
,john Schmid 2
Charley Wallmo
Walt Florquist
Roy Hanson 3
Roger Kerbs 3
Manuel Martinez 2 ,3
Steve Mata2
Don Moore
Stu Parks 3
Don Reichert 2
Slim Smith
Dan Taussig
Ross Watkins 2
George Wheatley3
Joye Smith·
Rudy StahQlin
Ray Taylor 1
Pete Martinelli
,jim Meiman 2
C. H. Niederhof
,john Retzer 1
Bob Swanson
Butch Skow
Jess Thompson
Chuc~( Tro(mdle 2
Hal Wllm 1
1At one time, responsible for overall management and research direction of FEF.
2Active 1987.
3Technician in charge of operations.
11
Cook
Andy O'Maiia
Original survey
crew
Kliess Brown
Dwight Hester
Lee Ross
Ralph Read
"Steve" Stevens
Hugo Werner (Chief
of Party)