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CONTENTS
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Introduction: Cheatgrass Invasion and Shrub Die-Off
E. Durant McArthur .......................................................... 1
Section 1-Cheatgrass Invasion and Management on
Western Rangelands .......................................................... 3
Changing Fire Frequencies on Idaho's Snake River Plains:
Ecological and Management Implications
Steven G. Whisenant ....................................................... 4
The Cheatgrass-Wildfire Cycle-Are There Any Solutions?
Mike Pellant .................................................................... 11
Cheatgrass: Management Implications in the 90's
Thomas C. Roberts, Jr................................................... 19
Recent Increases in Bromus Populations on the Nevada
Test Site
Richard Hunter ............................................................... 22
Changes in Vegetation and Land Use at Two Townships
in Skull Valley, Western Utah
Steven R. Sparks, Neil E. West, Edith B. Allen .............. 26
Invasion of Cheatgrass into Arid Environments of the
Lahontan Basin
James A. Young and Frosty Tipton ................................ 37
Wildfires on Big Sagebrush/Antelope Bitterbrush Range
in Northeastern California: Implications for Deer
Populations
Douglas R. Updike, Eric R. Loft, Frank A. Hall .............. .41
Suppression of Annual Bromegrasses by Mountain Rye
on Semiarid Mined Lands
Myron R. Andersen, Edward J. DePuit,
Rollin H. Abernethy, Larry H. Kleinman ....................... 47
Forage Kochia Competition With Cheatgrass in Central
·Utah
E. Durant McArthur, A. Clyde Blauer, Richard
Stevens ........................................................................ 55
Seeding Forage Kochia onto Cheatgrass-lnfested
Rangelands
Stephen B. Monsen and Dale Turnipseed ..................... 66
Weedy Annuals and Establishment of Seeded Species on
a Chained Juniper-Pinyon Woodland in Central Utah
James N. Davis and Kimball T. Harper .......................... 72
Section 2-Shrub Die-Off on Intermountain Rangelands ... 80
Wildland Shrub Dieoffs Following Excessively Wet
Periods: A Synthesis
Arthur Wallace and David L. Nelson .............................. 81
The Possible Role of Plant Disease in the Recent
Wildland Shrub Dieoff in Utah
David L. Nelson, Darrell J. Weber, Susan C. Garvin ..... 84
Salinity and Moisture Stress in Relation to Dieoff of
Wildland Shrubs
D. J. Weber, D. L. Nelson, W. M. Hess, R. B. Bhat ....... 91
Vegetation Dynamics and Environmental Attributes
of a Great Basin Valley Exhibiting Widespread Shrub
Dieback
James P. Dobrowolski and Kern Ewing ....................... 103
Winter Cold Hardiness of Seven Wildland Shrubs
R. H. Walser, D. J. Weber, E. D. McArthur,
S. C. Sanderson ......................................................... 115
Shrub Mortality Over a 54-Year Period in Shadscale
Desert, West-Central Utah
Kimball T. Harper, Fred J. Wagstaff,
Warren P. Clary .......................................................... 11 9
Insects and Shrub Dieoff in Western States: 1986-89
Survey Results
B. Austin Haws, George E. Bohart, C. Riley Nelson,
David L. Nelson .......................................................... 127
Mealybugs and Related Homoptera of Shadscale:
Possible Agents in the Dieoff Problem in the
Intermountain West
C. Riley Nelson, B. Austin Haws, David L. Nelson ....... 152
Section 3-Piant Germination and Establishment ............ 166
'Hobble Creek' Mountain Big Sagebrush Seed Production
Bruce L. Welch, Fred J. Wagstaff, Gary L.
Jorgensen .................................................................. 167
Rejuvenation of Mountain Big Sagebrush on Mule Deer
Winter Ranges Using Onsite Plants as a Seed Source
Fred J. Wagstaff and Bruce L. Welch .......................... 171
'Immigrant' Forage Kochia Competition With Halogeton
Following Various Seeding Techniques
Richard Stevens and E. Durant McArthur .................... 175
Seed Germination Biology of Spineless Hopsage:
Inhibition by Bract Leachate
Rosemary L. Pendleton and Susan E. Meyer .............. 181
Seed Germination Biology of Spineless Hopsage:
Between-Population Differences in Dormancy and
Response to Temperature
Susan E. Meyer and Rosemary L. Pendleton .............. 187
Field Establishment of Spiny Hopsage
Nancy L. Shaw and Marshall R. Haferkamp ................ 193
Seed-Source Differences in Initial Establishment for
Big Sagebrush and Rubber Rabbitbrush
Susan E. Meyer and Stephen B. Monsen .................... 200
Using Polymers to Enhance Shrub Transplant Survival
and Seed Germination for Revegetation of Desert Lands
Garn A. Wallace and Arthur Wallace ........................... 209
Section 4-Shrub Ecosystem Ecology and Physiology .... 211
Variability and Diversity Caused by Environmental Forces
in the Vegetation at the Nevada Test Site
Arthur Wallace, Evan M. Romney,
Richard B. Hunter ....................................................... 212
Shrub Rooting and Water Acquisition on Threatened
Shallow Groundwater Habitats in the Owens Valley,
California
David P. Groeneveld .................................................... 221
Shrub Rooting Characteristics and Water Acquisition
on Xeric Sites in the Western Great Basin
Sara J. Manning and David P. Groeneveld .................. 238
Effect of Manipulating Soil Water and Nitrogen Regimes
on Clipping Production and Water Relations of
Creosote Bush
M. R. Sharifi, F. C. Meinzer, P. W. Rundel,
E. T. Nilsen ................................................................. 245
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Water Relations and Transpiration of Native Vegetation in
the Vicinity of Yucca Mountain, Nevada
Stanley D. Smith, Kevin Leary, Connie Herr,
Sam Hokett ................................................................ 250
Chemical Changes in the Soil Induced by Fire in a
Community Dominated by Shrub-Grass
Robert R. Blank and James A. Young ......................... 256
Shrub Communities of the Lahontan Sands
James A. Young, Robert R. Blank, Thomas Lugaski ... 260
The Fire Effects Information System: A Tool for Shrub
Information Management
Anne F. Bradley ........................................................... 263
Indicator Value of Lichen Cover on Desert Shrubs
Roger Rosentreter ........................................................ 282
Herbicides to Aid Establishment of Fourwing Saltbush
Joseph L. Petersen, Darrell N. Ueckert,
Matthew W. Wagner .................................................. 305
Diets of Sheep Grazing Forage Kochia and Winterfat
Mixed Grass Pastures in Late Fall
Cyrus M. McKell, Robert M. Otsyina, John Malechek .. 31 0
Effects of Browsing on Growth and Reproductive Output
of Engordacabra in North-Central Mexico
A. Romero-Manzanares and E. Garcfa-Moya .............. 317
Multivariate Statistical Pattern Recognition of Curie-Point
Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatographic Fingerprints From
Rangeland Shrubs
D. N. Stevenson, R. V. Valcarce, G. G. Smith,
B. A. Haws, E. D. McArthur, B. L. Welch,
H. C. Stutz .................................................................. 325
Micropropagation of Elite Biotypes of Fourwing Saltbush
Swati Tripathy and J. R. Goodin .................................. 336
Section 5-Shrub Quality and Development .................... 290
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Improvement of Chokecherry, Silver Buffaloberry,
and Hawthorn for Conservation Use in the Northern Plains
Michael J. Knudson, Russell J. Haas, Dwight A.
Tober, Dale C. Darris, Erling T. Jacobson ................. 291
Evaluation of Fourwing Saltbush as a Forage for Sheep
and Angora Goats
D. N. Ueckert, J. L. Petersen, J. E. Huston,
M. W. Wagner ............................................................ 300
Section 6-Field Trips ...................................................... 343
Field Trip Report: Natural and Managed Recovery of
Vegetation on Disturbed Areas at the Nevada Test Site
E. M. Romney, R. B. Hunter, A. Wallace ..................... 344
Mojave Desert Field Trip
Stanley D. Smith and David J. M. Bradney .................. 350