•
(j/o
International Council for
the Exploration of the Sea
C.M. 1992/G:82 Ref.H
Demersal Fish Committee
PRELIMINARY REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL O-GROUP FISH SURVEY
IN THE BARENTS SEA AND ADJACENT WATERS IN AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 1992
The twenty-eigth annual International Q-group fish survey was
made during the period 12 August - 8 September 1992 in the
Barents Sea and adjacent waters. The following research vessels
participated in the survey:
State
Name of vessel
Period
Norway
Norway
Norway
Russia
Russia
Russia
"Johan Hjort"
"G.O. Sars"
"Michael Sars"
"Professor Marty"
"Fridtjof Nansen"
"Akhill"
17.8
18.8
13.8
17.8
24.8
13.8
5.9
- " -
-
3.9
7.9
7.9
28.8
- 5.9
15.8
- . 6. 9
-
Research Institute
Institute of Marine
Research, Bergen
--"--
--"--
The Polar Research
Institute of Marine
Fisheries and Oceanography, Murmansk
Names of scientists and technicians who took part on the
different vessels are given in the Appendix.
...
~.
prlelimdina: y analysti~ of8thgeSSUtrvmbey da~a wHere PlfanntedS~o take
pace urlng a mee lng ep e er ln ammer es. lnce none
of the Russian vessels were able to call at Hammerfest data were
analysed at IMR, Bergen and PINRO, Murmansk and the results
exchanged by correspondence (telefax and telemail) .
Observations concerning the geographical distribution of Q-group
fish and their abundance are given in this report together with
abrief description of the hydrographical conditions in the
area.
2
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The geographical distribution of O-group fish were estimated
with a small mesh midwater trawl. The vessels which participated
in the survey in 1992, used the type of midwater trawl recommended by the meeting. held after the survey in 1980 (Anon.,
1983) .' The trawling procedure was standarized in accordance with
the recommendation made at the same meeting. At about every 30
nautical miles sailed the trawl was towed in several depths in
one haul. The standard procedure consisted of towings of 0.5
nautical mile in each of 3 depths with the headline of the trawl
located at 0, 20 and 40m. An additional tow at 60 and 80m for
0.5 nautical mile was made when O-group fish layer was recorded
on the echosounder deeper than 60m.
Survey tracks and hydrographical stations are given
Trawl stations with and without catch are indicated
. distribution charts in Figs. 14 - 23, as filled and
respectively. The density grading is based on catch
per 1.0 nautical mile trawling.
in Fig. 1.
on the
open symbols
in number
HYDROGRAPHY
Observations were made along all the survey tracs with 5 to 40
nautical miles between stations. Horizontal distribution of
temperatures and salinities is shown for 0, 50, 100 and 200m
(Figs. 2-9). Figs. 10 - 13 show the temperature and salinity
conditions along the Kola, Bear Island - North Cape, Bear Island
- West and Cape Kanin sections. The mean temperatures in the
main parts of these sections are presented in Table 1 .
•
,
I
It appears that mean sea temperatures from 0 to 200m were high
and weIl above (0.4°C to 0.7°C) the long term average in all
parts of the surveyed area, and 1992 is the fourth "warm year"
in succession. The positive anomalies were mainly caused by
large contents of heat in intermediate and deep layers and thus
assosiated with watermasses of Atlantic origin flowing into the
Barents Sea from west. Surface layer temperatures (0-50m) in the
central and southeastern parts of the area were significantly
lower in 1992 than in 1991 and just slightly above the longterm
average.
3
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF O-GROUP FISH AND GONATUS FABRICII
Geographical distribution of Q-group fish are shown as shaded
areas in Figs. 14 - 22, and of Gonatus fabricii in Fig. 23.
Double shading indicates dense concentrations. The criteria for
discriminating between dense and ~cattered concentrations are
the same as used in earlier reports (Anon., 1980). Abundance
indices, estimated as the area of distribution with areas of
high densities weighed by 10, are given in Table 2. Another set
of abundance indices are given for O-group herring, cod and
haddock (Table 3) as described by Randa (1984) ~ These are based
on the nurnber caught during a standard trawl haul of one
nautical mile. Length frequency distributions of the main
species are given in Table 4.
_
\..
l!erring
The distribution of herring was similar to that of 1991 inthe
Barents Sea, but with fewer observations along West-Spitsbergen.
The main concentrations were found in the Western Barents Sea
along the edge of theshelf between the Norwegian coast and up
to South Cape (76°N), and~eastwards as far as 50 o E. The
logarithmic abundance index is estimated at 1.06, which is only
slightly below the 1991 index (1.19) and indicates that the 1992
yearclass is relatively strong.
Capelin
•
I
(Fig.14)
I
(Fig.15)
There were very few observations of Q-group capelin and dense
consentrations were observed at one station only in the
southeastern part of the Barents Sea. The overall catch in
numbers is among the lowest ever recorded since the O-group
investigations started in 1965 and the 1992 yearclass seems to
be very poor.
Cod
.(Fig .16)
O-group cod had one of the widest distributions ever observed,
similar to that of 1991, extending from Norway and Murman coast
to at least 80 0 30'N off West-Spitsbergen (into the drift ice)
and to 77°N in central parts. In the east it was recorded north
to 73°N and east to Novaya Zemlya (52°E) . The abundance indices
for the 1992 yearclass are the highest in the time~series and
weIl above both the 1983, 1985 and 1991 yearclasses. At this
stage the 1992 yearclass must be classified as a very strong
one.
4
(Fig.17)
Haddock
Haddock was, as in 1991, mainly distributed in western areas
from the Norwegian coast to 80° off West-Spitsbergen. The
eastern limit in the Barents Sea was ar about 42°E. Dense
consentrations were found in a smaller area than in 1991, mainly
north of Cape North to 74°N. The abundance indices is the second
highest ever observed, and the 1992 yearclass may be classified
as rich.
Saithe
(Fig.18)
Unlike in previous years, O-group saithe occurrded in many hauls
in most of the survey area. This may indicate good saithe
recruitement in 1992.
•
Polar cod
(Fig .19)
O-group polar cod is distributed in two separate areas, with one
cornponent west and southeast of Spitsbergen and one component in
east along the western coast of Novaya Zemlya. During the 0group survey the total area of distribution is not cornpletely
covered.
In the north-western area, the distribution was wider than in
1991, mainly off West-Spitsbergen, and the index about twice
that of 1991. The 1992 yearclass of polar cod in this area seems
to be at least of average abundance.
•
In the southeastern area along Novaya Zemlya the distribution
was similar to that of 1991, but the area with dense concentrations was smaller and the index only half of that in 1991.
The 1992 yearclass in this cornponent of the polar cod stock may
therefore be considered to be of average strength or slightly
below average .
I
Redfish
(Fig.20)
The rnain distribution of redfish was along the western edge of
the shelf, from 73°N to 80 0 30'N off West-Spitsbergen. The area
of both scattered and dense concentrations weresmaller than in
1991 and the index 25% lower, the lowest since 1968. The 1992
yearclass of redfish may therefore be considered as poor.
Greenland halibut (Fig.21)
Only single fish occurred in hauls west and east of Spitsbergen
and, as in the previous four years, the abundance index
indicates that the yearclass is very poor.
5
Lang rough dab
(Fig.22)
This species occurred mainly souteast of Spitsbergen. The
abundance index is the lowest recorded since 1970 and the 1992
yearclass is considered to be poor
Blue whiting, sandeel and catfish.
Only a few specimens of these species were caught this year.
Gonatus
(Fig.23)
Specimens of O-group Gonatus fabricii were found over a larger
area than in 1991. The distribution is westerly, from the
Norwegian coast at 28°E and west into the Norwegian Ocean and
north to about 80 0 N off Western Spitsbergen.
REFERENCES
Anon., 1980. Preliminary report of the International O-group
fish survey in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters in
August/September 1978. Annls biol., Copenh., 35:273-280.
Anon., 1983. Preliminary report of the International O-group
fish survey in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters in
August/September 1980. Annls biol., Copenh., 37: 259-266.
Randa, K. 1984. Abundance and distribution of O-group ArctoNorwegian cod and haddock 1965-1982. Pp. 189-209 in
God0,O.R. and Tilseth,H. (eds.): Reproduction and recruitment
ofArctic cod. Proceedings of the first Soviet-Norwegian
symposium, Leningrad, 26-30 September 1983. Institute of
Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
Tereshchenko, V.V. 1992. Some results from long-term oceanographie observations during O-group surveys in the
Barents Sea. ICRS CM 1992/C:18.
Toresen, R. 1985. Recruitment indices of Norwegian springspawning herring for the period 1965-1984 based on the
international O-group fish surveys. ICES CM 1985/H: 54.
6
Table 1. Mean water temperature 1 in main parts of standard
sections in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters in
august-September 1965 - 1992.
"
,.
>"
-,.'
".
,
Year
"
....',.,
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
It
I
Aver.
19651992 . .
1)
2)
,',"
2
,'"
0-50
50-200
6.7
6.7
7.5
6.4
6.7
7.8
7.1
8.7
7.7
. 8.1
7.0
8.1
6;9
6.6
3.9
2.6
4~0
3.7
3.1
3.7
3.2
4.0
4.5
3.9
4.6
4.0
3.4
2.5
2.9
3.5
2.7
4.0
4.8
4.1
3.5
3.5
6~5
7.4
6.6
7.1
8.1
7~7
7;1
7.5
6.2
7.0
8.6
8.1
7.7
7.5 ..
"'.'
.
."
C o · · • • • •,
.,.
3
•
A' , " , < ,
,.
I
0-200
O-bot~
4.6
3.6
4.9
4~6
".,
,"""
4~4
4~0
4~7
4~2
4~9
3.7
4.8
4.4
4.5
4.6
3.7
4.6
4.1
"
3.7
2.2
3.4
2.8
2.0
3.3
3.2
4.1
4.2
3.5
3.6
4.4
2.9
1.7
1.4
3.0
2.2
2;8
4.2
3.6
3.4
3.2
2.5
2.9
4.3
3.9
4.2
4.0
5.1
5.5
5.6
5.4
6.0
3.6
4.2
4.0
4.2
5.3
5.8
6.3
5.9
5.3
5.8
5.2
5.5
6.9
6.3
6.0
.6.1 . .,.
3.2
5.7
2~0
3~3
4~5
""
.....
.
7
,
0-200
5.7
4.6
5.6
4.9
4.1
2.4
5.2
5.0
4.3
3.6
3.8
4.5
3.7
4.8
5.6
5.0
4.4
. .-,
0-200
5~1
5.2
5.3
'. 6
•.,
.O-:-bot ~
L9
6.1
4.7
2.6
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.5
5.8
5.3
5.3
5.3."
,.. ""
5
".4.
,
2.7
4.5
5.1
4.5
3.4
3.9
2.7
3.8
6.5
5.0
4.8
5.0
3~3
7.3
..........
,
Section 2 .' and layer,:.(deep .in.meter).
....
. . ,1
'.
,
".,.-,"',
....
.
-
6~1
-
5.7
4.2
3.9
5;0
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.0
4.1
6~3
5;9
6~1
5.7
5.6
4.9
5.0
5.3
4~4
4.9
4.4
4.9
5.1
5.0
4.6
4.4
3.9
4.2
4;9
5.7
5.4
5~7
",,""
I····
5~0
4.5
.,
",
... "
Earlier presented temperatures have been slightly adjusted
(Tereshchenko, 1992).
Murmansk Currenti Kola Section (70 0 30'N-72°30'N,33°30'E)
Cape Kanin section (68°45~N - 70 0 05'N,' 43°15'E)
Cape Kanin section (71°00'N - 72°00'N, 43°15'E)
North Cape Currenti.North Cape - BearIsland section
(71°33'N,25°02'E - 73°35'N,20046'E)
7: West Spitsbergen Currenti Bear Island.- West section
(74°30'N, 06°34'E - 15°55'E)
1-3:
4:
5:
6:
7
Tabell 2. Abundance indices of O-group fish in the Barents Sea
and adjacent waters in 1965 - 1992.
Year
•
,
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
Cod
6
1
34
25
93
606
157
140
684
51
343
43
173
106
94
49
65
114
386
486
742
434
102
133
202
465
766
1159
Haddock
7
1
42
8
82
115
73
46
54
147
170
112
116
61
69
54
30
90
184
255
156
160
72
86
·112
227
472
313
Polar cod
West
I
East
0
129
165
60
208
197
181
140
(26)
227
75
131
157
107
23
79
149
14
48
115
60
111
17
144
206
144
90
195
70
144
302
247
73
50
39
16
334
366
155
120
41
48
239
118
Redfish
159
236
44
21
295
247
172
177
385
468
315
447
472
460
980
651
861
694
851
732
795
702
631
949
698
670
200
150
Greenland
halibut
Long
rough
dab
1
1
8
3
13
21
16
9
35
22
12
38
17
16
40
36
55
41
8
5
2
1
3
66
97
73
17
26
12
81
65
67
83
113
96
72
76
69
108
95
150
80
70
86
755
174
72
92
35
28
32
8
Table 3. Estimated logarithmic indices with 90% confidence
limits of year class abundance for O-group herring,
cod and haddock in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters
1965 - 1992.
..
.'
,',
Herring 1
Year
.
•
I
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
. 1992
1)
Index
"
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.09
-
0.00
0.00
1. 77
0.34
0.23
0.00
0.00
0.32
0.59
0.31
1.19
1.06
Confidence
.limits
0.04
0.31
0.00
0.04
-
-
0.03
0.01
-
-
-
0.08
0.01
-
0.03
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.20
0.20
0.18
2.33
0.52
0.28
0.00
0.16
0.49
0.16
0.90
0.69
0.03
0.53
0.76
0.50
1.52
1.50
1.29
-
Haddock
Cod
-
-
Index
+
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.25
2.15
0.77
0.52
1.48
0.29
0.90
0.13
0.49
0.22
0.40
0.13
0.10
0.59
1. 69
1.55
2.46
1.37
0.17
0.33
0.38
1.23
2.30
2.94
Confidence
limits
Index
0.04
0.08
0.04
0.34
3.05
1. 01
0.72
1. 82
0.42
1.17
0.01
0.08
0.00
0.29
0.64
0.26
0.16
0.26
0.51
0.60
0.38
0.33
0.12
0.20
0.15
0.03
0.38
0.62
0.78
0.27
0.39
0.10
0.13
0.14
0.61
1.17
0.87
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.17
2.02
0.57
0.35
1.18
0.18
0.66
0.06
0.36
0.14
0.25
0.08
0.06
0.43
1.34
1.18
2.22
1.06
0.01
0.22
0.30
1. 04
1.97
2.53
0~22
0.65
0.32
0.59
0.18
0.18
0.77
2.08
1. 98
2.71
1. 70
0.40
0.47
0.48
1.34
2.65
3.39.
','
Assessment for 1965-1984 made by Toresen (1985).
Confidence
limits
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.20
0.42
0.18
0.09
0.15
0.39
0.40
0.24
0.21
0.07
0.12
0.10
0.00
0.30
0.48
0.60
0.23
0.28
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.48
0.98
0.71,
0.03
0.13
0.02
0.41
0.91
0.36
0.27
0.40
0.68
0.85
0.51
0.48
0~19
0.28
0.20
0.05
0.52
0.77
0.99
0.31
0.52
0.25
0.34
0.20
0.75
1.37
1. 06
9
Table 4. Length distribution of O-group fish 1 in percent in the Barents
Sea and adjacent waters in August - September 1992.
Length
(mm)
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
.65-69
70-74
75-79
80-84
85-89
90-94
95-99
100-104
105-109
110-114
115-119
120-124
125-129
130-134
135-139
140-144
•
1)
Herring
Capelin
Cod
Haddock
+
+
+
0.1
0.7
2.4
6.1
12.0
14.5
14.8
13.7
12.5
10.7
6.7
3.7
2.0
0.2
0.1
33.3
45.5
9.1
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
+
0.1
0.7
2.0
5.1
8.1
11.3
16.8
20.4
18.0
9.8
4.4
2.0
0.8
0.1
0.2
+
+
+
0.1
0.4
1.0
2.0
5.2
8.0
12.1
13.0
11.5
10.6
9.8
10.1
5.8
4.4
2.5
1.7
1.1
0.6
0.1
Polar cod
East
6.3
6.3
22.6
25.0
31.3
7.8
0.9
.West
0.1
0.8
6.3
16.2
31.5
32.0
8.8
3.7
0.6
0.2
0.1
Redfish
Green
land
halib
Long
roug
dab
7.3
7.3
12.5
0.6
1.7
14.9
40.5
39.3
3.1
+
0.3
0.9
12.2
53.1
30.1
3.1
0.3
Sandeel
2.3
29.3
36.1
27.1
4.5
2.1
35.4
17.7
17.7
0.8
Total
numbers
162002
33
179354
3795
116
68621
80474
8
169
Mean
length
90.0
44.0
80.2
94.3
46.8
38.7
43.1
68.5
38.3
Based on Norwegian observations only
132
47.5
10
10°
5°
15°
40°
35°
30°
25°
20°
45°
55°
50°
~z-.z-i
80°
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Z
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r z~
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12 AUG - 8 SEP ..1992
p.,. •
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77"1
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I
I
1
Z
Z
L
~
I
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69"
68·
Fig. 1. Survcy tracks and hydrographie stations.
.
I
Z
f
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l-fl' .
2
I
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I
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I Z I
z
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1992
toC 0 m
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6
73"
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70 0
69"
68 0
670
Fig. 2. Isothenns at 0 m.
600
12
1992
SOm
•
67 0
.....
~--,-~.
Fig. 3. Isohalines at 0 m.
i
i-----r--1'
~-I~
I
i
•
i
i
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i
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13
So
10°
1So
20"
2So
30°
35°
Sso
40°
~
1992
~
73"
71°
•
71°
70°
69"
68°
67°
Fig. 4. Isothenns at 50 m.
tor 50 m
60°
14
5°
10°
15°
r
25°
30°
35°
/000
45°
,c;;9
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79°
1992
S 50 m
p..,
e
350/
75°
1"
14°
730
72°
e
71°
70·
690
68·
67·
Fig. 5. Isohalines at 50 m.
')00
55°
15
'j0
10°
l'.i0
200
2'j°
35°
30°
40°
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SOO
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~
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1992
tOC 100 m
.
60°
üg~~
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16
1992
S 100 m
~
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73"
69"L~~~~
68°
67°
P·19. 7• Isohalines at 100m.
17
1992
tO(
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· 8. Isothenns at 200 m.
200 m
18
SO
lSo
10°
20"
2So
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30°
40°
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Fig. 9. Isohalines at 200 m.
~
r
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L
19
A
7
so
-----S__-----
100
.
8~_"","
6~--------7-----S~
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150
200
250
300
Fig. 10. Hydrographie seetion along the Kola meredian.
Temperamre (A) and salinity (B).
20
500
zoo
300
400
500
Fig. 11. Hydrographie seetion North Cape - Bear Island.
Temperature (A) and salinity (B).
21
A
lat 74°3ON
lng06°34E
SO
100
150
200
300
400
SOO
600
e
800
1000
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lat 74°30 N
l"a 06°34E
SO
100
150
200
300
400
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\
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J
600
800
1
34.9
1000
Fig. 12. Hydrographie seetion Bear Island - West.
Temperature (A) and salinity (B).
74°30
18"30
22
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Lat 7t30N
L"rP4115E
50
100
150
200
250
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,
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/
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Fig. 13. Hydrographie seetion Cape Kanin - North.
Temperature (A) and salinity (B).
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1992
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A
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A
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68°
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Fig. 15. Distribution of Q-group capelin.
6
41>
A
A
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A
A
A
A
25
so
10°
ISO
20"
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35°
30°
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1992
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FISH PR. N.t1ILE
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6
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74°
6
73"
6
6
72°
e
71°
70°
690
68°
67°
Fig. 16. Distribution of O-group cod.
55°
60°
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089
r-,
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Fig. 22. Distribution of O-group long rough dab.
ll.
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1992
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1992
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rr
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6So
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6
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69°
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r
r
-11-
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A
I
FI SH PR. N.MI LE
> 85
A
A
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n°
e
0 GROUP GONATUS
A
A
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Fig. 23. Distribution of D-group Gonatus fabricii.
-+
APPENDIX
Research
vessel
Participants
Professor
Marty
N.Bolshakova,S.Boychuk, V.Chizhikov,
I.Dolgoleko, A.Gordov, T.Jusupov,
L.Kuzmin, S.Ratushny, V.Ryazantsev,
N.Ushakov
Fridtjof
Nansen
S.Baturin, S.Boranov, A.Dorchenkov,
V.Kapralov, O.Leontovich, S.Ostrovsky,
A. Pedchenko, T.Shamray, Y.Shamray
Akhill
A.L.Karsakov, A.G.Nikiforov, V.K.Ozhigin,
V.A.Tataurov, V.P.Vorontsov, N.S.Vovchuc
Johan Hjort
I.M.Beck, M.Dahl, H.Grresdal, S.Lygren,
S.Mehl, E.Meland, E.Ona, L.Solbakken,
I.Svellingen
G.O. Sars
J.Erices, H.Hammer, A.Hylen, R.Johannessen,
L.Kalvenes, H.Larsen, K.Lauvas, M.M0gster,
O.Nakken, A.Raknes, S.Wilhelmsen,
V.Serebryakov
Michael Sars
O.Gullaksen, T.I.Halland, K.Hansen,
G.Iversen, K.Korsbrekke, B.Kvinge, M.Mjanger,
0.Nrevdal