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THIS REPORT NOT TO BE QUOTED WITHOUT PRIOR REFERENCE TO THE COUNCIL *
International Council for the
Exploration of the Sca
ICES C.M. 1992/G:12
Demersal Fish Committee
Ref.: Pelagic Fish Cttee
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE
ICES 1991 NORTH SEA STOMACH SAMPLING PROJECT
IJmuiden, 23-28 April 1992
This document is areport of a Planning Group of the International
Council for the Exploration of the Sea and does not necessarily
represent the views of the Council. Therefore, it should not be
quoted without consultation with the General Secretary.
*Gcneral Sccretary
leES
Palaegade 2-4
DK-1261 Copenhagen K
DENMARK
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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1.
Ternls of reference
2. Participation
3.
Health warning
4. Sampling intensity
4.1 Total sampling intensity
4.2 Primary predators (cod, haddock, whiting, saithe, mackerel)
4.3 Secondary predators
4.4 Pelagic O-group gadoids
5. Progress in exchange of material, sampie analysis and data processing
5.1
Cod
5.2 Haddock
5.3 Whiting
5.4 Mackerel.
5.5 Saithe
5.6
Rays
5.7 Other by-catch species
5.8 Pelagic O-group Gadoids
5.9 Sampies from Skagerrak!Kattegat.
Computerisation of data
6.
7. Problems encountered in the interpretation of the Manual
7.1 Predator size classes
7.2 Sampling levels
7.3 Regurgitated, empty and everted stomachs
7.4 Food eaten in the trawl.
7.5 Sampie documentation
7.6 Treatment of frozen sampIes
7.7 NODC ten-digit coding system
7.8 Conclusions
8. Trawl Survey Data Base
9. Prey Age Length Keys
10. Incorporating O-group feeding data in MSVPA
11. Treatment of other predators
12.
Timetables
13. Recommendation
14. References
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1. TERMS 01"
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RE1"EI~ENCE
During the 79th Statutory Meeting at La Rochelle, ICES adopted the following resolution
(C.Res. 1991/2:13):
The Planning Group on the Stomach Sampling Project in 19911j,'ill meet in
lJmuiden (Netherlands),jrom 23-28 April, 1992 to:
a) prepare a progress report on the 1991 Stonlach Sampling Project;
b) resolve logistkai problems that may have arisen during the sampling,
analysis and complllerisation ofthe data;
c) compile the allxiliary information on age/length keys, survey data etc.
neededfor preparing the stOlnach datafor the MSVPA model.
2. PARTlCIPATlON
The meeting was held in IJmuiden from 23-28 April, 1992. It was attended by:
Peter Bromley
Niels Daan
Ton deGee
Tomas Gröhsler
Henk Heessen
lohn Hislop (Chairman)
Atjen Kikkert
lan-Rene Larsen
SandyRobb
Dankert Skagen
Axel Temming
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UK (England)
Netherlands
Netherlands
Gennany
Netherlands
UK (Scotland)
Netherlands
Denmark
UK (Scotland)
Norway
Gennany
Acknowledgements
The Group wishes to thank their hosts at the Netherlands Institute for Fisheries Research for ensuring that the
meeting ran smoothly and for providing excellent technical and secretarial support. Special thanks are also due
to those staff at the various national institutes who have spend many hours analysing stomachs and processing
large amounts of data.
3. IIEALTII WARNING
The Group wishes to stress that this Progress Report is intended to give a preliminary
impression of the overall scale of the 1991 Stomach Sampling Project and the results that have
been achieved to date. It should be noted that many of the numbers given in this report are
provisional and there are discrepancies between several of the Tables and Figures relating to
the numbers of fish sampled.
4. SAMPLING INTENSITY
4.1 Total sampling intensity
The numbers of stomachs of each species examined at sea in each quarter of 1991 are given in
Table 4.1. It should be noted that these figures include stomaehs which were elassified as
'regurgitated' and not retained for analysis. Beeause many of the fish in the smaller size
classes were preserved whole, definitive infonnation on the numbers of stomaehs kept for
analysis will not be available until the completion of the projeel. In addition to these North Sea
sampIes, stomaehs were eolleeted from the Skagerrak!Kattegat by Sweden in the first, seeond
and third quarters.
4.2 Primary predators (cod, haddock, whiting, saithe, mackerel)
During the planning phase, it was agreed that the sampling levels for eod, whiting, saithe and
maekerel should be maintained at, or above, those achieved in 1981 and that haddock
sampling eould be reduced (Anon., 1991). The 1981 figures are given, for comparlson, in
Table 4.1. Slightly fewer cod were examined in 1991, while there were moderate increases in
the numbers of haddock, mackere1 and saithe. In the case of whiting, the number of stomachs
examined more than doubled.
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Sampling effort in the four quarters of 1991 was highly satisfactory, and the project greatly
benefitted from the ICES Quarterly International Bottom Trawl Survey, which commenced
in that year (Anon., 1992a). There was a certain amount of'patchiness' in the distribution of
the sampies (Figures 4.1-4.5) but this reflects the distribution of the fish.
Preliminary data on the size distributions of the primary predators sampled in 1991 are given
in Table 4.2, with the 1981 data for comparison. In general, the size range of fish sampled
was greater in 1991. This was mainly due to the fact that more importance was attached to
sampling the smaller size c1asses « 10 cm). Large fish were apparently much scarcer in the
North Sea in 1991 and this is reflected in the stomach sampies. In particular, far fewer large
(> 70 cm) cod and saithe were sampled than in 1981.
4.3 Secondary predators
Additional predators were included in the project and at the planning stage it was decided that
priority should be given to three (grey gurnards, rays and sead). Table 4.1 and Figures 4.64.13 show that these speeies/species groups were adequately sampled. Many of the other
predator species were only sampled on an oecasional basis (Table 4.1) but more than 2 500
long rough dabs were examined.
4.4 Pelagic O-group gadoids
Pelagie O-group gadoids were sampled in June in the northern North Sea (FRV 'Clupea',
Scotland) and the southeastern North Sea (FRV 'Tridens', Netherlands), using the
International Young Gadoid Pelagic Trawl (IYGPT; Figure 4.14). Intensive 24 h sampling at
three depths (5m, 30m and bouom) was undertaken southeast of the Shetland Islands.
Additional sampies were also taken in the Moray Firth and west of the Orkney Islands. The
southeastern area was sampled twice, at the beginning and end of June. Some additional
sampies ofpelagic O-group gadoids were collected in the north in July 1991 by FRV 'Johan
Hjort' (Norway). The cod, haddoek, whiting, saithe and Norway pout were preserved for
stomach analysis at Lowestoft. Approximately 2800 were from the northern North Sea and
900 were from the southeastern region.
5. PROGRESS IN EXCHANGE OF MATERIAL, SAI\IPLE ANALYSIS AND DATA
PROCESSING
Considering the large numbers of nations and vessels that participated in the project, the
exchange of material proceeded remarkably smoothly. Some problems arose with the
redistribution of material collected by, and intended for, Denmark but these have been
resolved and it is anticipated that by the end of May almost all sampies should have reached
their final destinations. There are still some scad residing in Norway, some mackerel sampIes
in Denmark and some sampies of pelagic O-group gadoids collected by Norway, whose
present whereabouts are unknown.
5.1. Cod
During 1991 the participating countries managed to sampIe over 10 000 cod stomachs. The
start of the analysis of the collected material was slow because of lack of experience, but by
now over 9000 cod stomachs have been analysed. No problems have been encountered with
either frozen sampIes or sampIes preserved in formalin. All data have been put into the
computer.
Especially in the case of larger cod it was often possible to examine stomachs of individual
fish. These sampies showed that there was a great variety in both fullness and contents of
individual stomachs. The first results indicate that smaller cod (60-80 cm) appeared to have
more food in their stomachs (both fish and crustaeeans) than the larger cod. The main fish
prey items were dab, long rough dab, herring, sprat, whiting and Norway pout. Also a large
numbcr of O-group gadoids has been observed.
The remaining cod stomaehs have reeently been exchangcd and it is expected that these will
have been analysed by the end of May.
5.2 lIaddock
Of the approximately 20 000 stomaehs collected during 1991, about 1 500 have been analysed
since October 1991, when Tomas Gröhsler joined the project (Table 5.1), eonsisting of
material sampled by the Netherlands in the first three quarters. Whenever possible, stomaehs
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were treated individually and all prey items were identified to the species level. No data have
yet been computerised.
The preliminary impression from the material that has been analysed to date is that the food
consists mainly of invertebrates (polychaetes and crustaceans).The commercially important
prey items made up only a small part of the food spectrum.
5.3 Whiting
Table 5.1 gives the total number of whiting stomachs examined at sea and the numbers which
have been analysed to date. Some 13000 stomachs, representing nearly all of quarter 1 and
most of quarter 2, have been processed, all as pooled sampies. This means that around 28 000
stomachs have still to be analysed. It is hoped that these can be completed by March 1993.
The stornach sampies collected by Denmark have still to reach Aberdeen but these should be
delivered in the near future. To date, the stornach content data have not been entered on the
computer but analysis should proceed quickly once the data sets for quarters 1 and 2 are
completed.
5.4 Mackerei.
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A total of 6990 stomaehs has been sampled. By mid April 1991, 1 605 stomaehs had been
examined. The stomaehs have been examined individually, and all prey items have been
classified to the lowest possible taxonomie level, and to length class whenever possible. So
far, no data have been computerized.
Most of the sampies examined to date have been frozen. For fonnalin-fixed material,
examination on an individual basis presents more problems, because it is difficult to assign the
loose material often found on the battom of the jar to the different stomaehs in the sampie.
5.5 Saithe
The number of stomaehs that has been sampled and analysed is shown in table 5.1. All
material has been exchanged. The analysis and processing is expected to be completed at the
beginning of 1993.
The preliminary results suggest that, contrary to the observations in 1981, whiting and
haddock were observed in relatively small quantities. In 1991, the principal fish prey were
Norway pout and herring. The stomaehs also contained large amounts of Mysids.
5.6 Rays
The number of stomaehs that has been sampled and analysed is shown in table 5.1. None of
the data have yet been computerised.
The analysis of the ray stomaehs is difficult for two reasons:
1) Rays seem to feed at night. Most of the sampies were collected during day time and
the stornach contents were usually weIl digested.
2) The stornach contents were usually without any structure, suggesting that rays chew
their prey.
As a consequence, a large fraction of the food is impossible to identify, and the average
weight of the stornach contents may be biased.
Sandeeis and Norway pout were the main fish prey items. The most abundant invertebrates
found were crustaceans (mainly Crangon) and polychaetes.
5.7 Other by-catch species
Grey gumard has been particularly weIl sampled in all quarters and a reliable evaluation of
food consumption over the year should be possible. Sampling intensity has also been high for
scad and long rough dab. For other species the numbers are smaller, but also greater sandeeis,
hake, red gumards, tub gumards and spurdogs have been weIl represented in the sampIes
taken during some of the quarters.
Presently, about 9000 stomaehs have been analysed by the Netherlands Institute for Fisheries
Research, the majority of which is made up by grey gumard stomachs collected in the first
two quarters of 1991. The resulting infonnation has been entered in the available database and
a start has been made with sorting and combining the results by computer.
Considering the sampling target of 2 500 stomaehs per quarter, more than twice as many
stomachs of by-catch species have been collected. Because of this sampling intensity, it is
envisaged that it will not be possible to finish the analysis and processing of all sampies before
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early 1993. It will therefore be necessary to make an appropriate selection of the material to be
worked up as a fIrst priority.
It is not possible at this stage to provide specifIc results of stomach analysis of any of the bycatch species.
5.8 PeIagic O-group Gadoids
The stomaehs of 2 646 pelagic O-group gadoids have been analysed (Table 5.1) and the results
entered in a data base.
5.9 Sam pIes from Skagerrak/Kattegat
It is hoped that aU the stomachs collected from the Skagerrak and Kattegat will be analysed by
the end of lune. None of the data have yet been computerised.
6. COI\1PUTERISATION OF DATA
Apart from the cod and by-catch data analysed by the NetherIands and the pelagic O-group
gadoid stomachs analysed by England, there has been little progress so far in computerisation
of the data. This will, however, become a problem in the near future and therefore the
possibilities for the various institutes involved as weIl as the plans of the various species
coordinators to resolve the exchange problems were discussed. The format for exchanging
stomach content data, that was agreed in 1991 by the Planning Group (Anon., 1991), consists
of a flat ASCII fIle with fixed record size, where each line represents an observation of a
separate prey category in an individual stomach sampIe or an individual stomach. Each
coordinator is therefore committed to provide the data accordingly. During arecent meeting in
St John's of the Study Group on the Analysis of Feeding Data, the exchange of stomach
content data on a North Atlantic-wide scale has been addressed for statistical evaluation of
basic sampling procedures. At this meeting, the agreed format for the North Sea sampling
programme was used as a starting point, but several revisions were introduced to allow for
more flexibility in presentation of the available data from the various sources (Anon., 1992b).
Apart from one minor point, this new format (cf table 6.1) fIts the requirements for the North
Sea programme entirely and therefore it was agreed to accept this format for future exchange.
The point that has to be resolved is that the new format allows for great flexibility in the
reported size classes, whereas in the North Sea context the size classes have been strictly
defined. This means that in preparing exchange tapes, the species coordinators must ensure
that all the information follows strictIY this definition because otherwise confusion may be
created at subsequent steps in the analysis.
The situation within the various institutes involved in respect of computerisation can be
summarised as follows:
-Tize Netlzerlands: The software package originally developed in IJmuiden for a VAX
and used to analyse the 1981, 1985, 1986, and 1987 data has been modified to cope with the
changes that have been introduced in the 1991 programme. The input, checking, exchange
format and primary analysis parts are finalised, but more work has to be done on the
multispecies part, where prey size classes have to be converted into age classes. Recently, a
standard Pascal version has been produced for a SUN workstation under UNIX. Although it
has not yet been completely tested, trial runs indicate that it works satisfactorily. It is intended
to complete this version of the program within the next 6 months, but it is directly available for
input of new data.
The VAX version has been modified to produce the new format (table 6.1) and also data that
are made available in that format can be read in and checked or extended to incorporate
additional information.
The survey data base in Umuiden for the 4 quarters in 1991 is virtuaUy complete and trawl list
information, n-per-hour weighting factors, and age length keys can soon be made available to
all participants.
- Scotland: A copy of the software package developed in IJmuiden is available on the
VAX in Aberdeen and therefore there should not be any major problems in processing the
whiting data. One problem, however, that may arise is that the arraysizes become a limiting
factor due to the unexpectedly large numbers of whiting stomachs sampled. These arrays
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cannot be readily increased because of internal VAX limitations and transfer to a SUN
workstation in IJmuiden may be required.
- Denmark: The Danish institute operates a Hewlett Packard system under UNIX and
therefore is interested in the source code of the UNIX version. In addition, they would like to
modify the program for application on PC's under MS-DOS.
- Norway: There is another stornach sampling programme carried out in Norway and
therefore it may be possible to use software developed for the Barents Sea to input data for the
North Sea and create exchange files to be handled further by the IJmuiden laboratory.
However, there are also SUN workstations available in the Bergen institute and it was agreed
that IJmuiden would provide a eopy of the UNIX version, whieh would allow complete
compatibility. Norway would also be interested in a pe version of the input part.
- Germany: The Gennan institute has only aeeess to PC's and would therefore be
interested in a pe-version if thc Danish institute is able to modify the program. However, it
should always be possible to provide data in exchange fonnat by means of a dBase program,
whieh eould then bc further bc proeessed in elose cooperation with the Netherlands institute.
- Eng/and: The Lowestoft institute has entered all stomaeh content data for the pelagie
O-group gadoids in a SAS data base, from whieh it is easy to ereate data in exchange fonnat.
Also, data in exchange fonnat may be read in.
From this overview, it appears that the exchange of data is not expected to create major
problems. In some eases, it may be necessary for the IJmuiden laboratory to act as an
intennediate in combining stornach content data with the appropriate survey infonnation or to
do some of the final analyses. Since a11 data will be made available in exchange fonnat, it will
be relatively easy in the end to provide an integrated data base for further statistical evaluation.
7, PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN TUE INTERPRETATION OF TUE MANUAL
The Stornach Sampling Manual (Anon., 1991) used for the 1991 Stornach Sampling Project
was based on the original 1981 Manual, (Anon., 1981) with extensive revisions arising partly
from the experience gained in the intervening years and partly from new project aims. The
Group diseussed their praetieal experienees with the Manual and identified a number of
problems.
7.1 Predator size classes
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On a few oceasions stomachs have by mistake been sampled using broader predator size
elasses than those defined in the Manual: e.g. 40-59 cm instead of 40-49 and 50-59 cm. It
was agreed that in some cases it might bc possible to assign sueh stomachs to the COITect size
elass by referring to the length composition of the trawl eateh. However, if the sampIes
were from size elasses that had already been adequately sampled, they need not be analysed.
It was agreed that it would be sensible to adopt the eonvention agreed during the reeent
meeting of the Study Group on the Analysis of Feeding Data (Anon., 1992b), whereby both
the minimum and maximum size of the size elass used should bc reeorded.
7.2 Sampling levels
The Group noted that the choice of sampling levels in 1991 was not based on statistical
considerations, but on a somewhat arbitrary deeision to maintain sampling at least at the level
attained in 1981. The optimum sampling level will, presumably, depend on factors sueh as the
spatial differences in prey composition and is likely to be different for different size elasses
within a species and also between species. Because some of the cod, haddock and mackerel
material collected in 1991 are bcing analysed on an individual stomaeh basis, it should soon be
possible to address this problem more rationally.
7.3 Regurgitated, empty and everted stomaehs
This familiar problem was discussed at some length and it became elear that, although the
subject had bcen covered rather extensively in the Manual, there was still some confusion over
the identifieation of these stomaehs and the way in whieh they should be treated and
documented.
Most countries have tried to apply Robb's ga11-bladder states (Anon., 1991) to diseriminate
bctween empty and regurgitated stomachs. Although specifically developed for use in whiting,
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the same system may be applicable to other gadoid species, but certainly not to
Elasmobranchs. This was not stated c1early in the Manual.
It funhermore appeared that problems have arisen with the interpretation of the procedure on
how to handle evened and empty stomachs. During Norwegian and Danish cruises, some
everted stomachs may have been recorded as regurgitated, but is not possible as yet to evaluate
the extent of this misunderstanding. More information is required.
Both the sampling procedures applied on board different research vessels and the subjective
assessments of individual scientists may have influenced the numbers of stomachs recorded as
regurgitated. This is illustrated in Figure 7.1, which shows the percentages of grey gurnard
stomachs c1assified as regurgitated during a 'complementary' survey by two research vessels
(Tridens and Cirolana) during the second quarter of 1991. There is a need to evaluate what
effect such differences have on estimates of mean stornach contents weights and fractions
empty.
7.4 Food eaten in the trawl
In the course of discussion it was established that procedures adopted to cope with the
problem of food eaten in the trawl had been broadly similar between countries. On Dutch
vessels, 'lively' prey were removed from the stomachs, as were very fresh prey when they
mirrored the catch composition to any large extent. In the case of other countries, prey in the
mouth or throat were always rejected, but there may have been differences in the treatment of
fresh prey in the stomachs. The stornach analysts should be aware of these differences.
According to the Manual, fresh ('pristine') prey should be recorded as digestion stage O.
However, different criteria have to be applied for pristine conditions in frozen and in material
preserved in formalin. In this respect the analysis would gain from further standardization of
the method of preservation.
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7.5 Sam pie documentation
During the stornach sampling projects a lot of time is spent in a proper administration of the
sampIes collected: labels in the jar, on top of the jar and also the SampIe Check Lists have to
be filled in. It was agreed that in order to save time and avoid unnecessary confusion the
number of categories mentioned on the SampIe Check List could be reduced. For each
predator size dass the only stricdy necessary columns would be number of stomachs
regurgitated, number of stomachs in the jar and total number investigated.
Because of the need to link stornach sampling information with survey data, it is extremely
important to use corresponding station numbers.
7.6 Treatment of frozen sam pies
The best method to thaw stornach sampIes appears to be with a microwave, which makes it
unnecessary to thaw great amounts of stomaehs at the same time.
7.7 NODC ten-digit coding system
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The manual inc1udes a list of lO-digit codes for recording prey species. In the case of fish, all
the codes have been officially recognised by the NOnC. However, many of the codes for
invertebrates are 'unofficial' and were devised on an ad hoc basis during the 1981 and
subsequent North Sea sampling projects. In order to avoid chaos when trying to merge data
bases at a later stage, the species coordinators, when finding a prey species not listed in the
Manual, should consuIt the current NOnC catalogue. If the species is listed, then the official
code should be used. If the species is not listed, it should be reported to the Netherlands
Institute, which will issue an 'unofficial' code that can be used by all participants in the
project.
7.8 Conclusions
It was agrced that the Manual had been a useful document, although there are still several
points that some people find ambiguous and confusing. A new version will have to be
prepared before any future large-scale stornach sampling exercise is undenaken, but the Group
feIt that it would be unnecessary to make a new edition in the immediate future.
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8. TRAWL SURVEY DATA HASE
The data for most of the bottom trawl sUIveys carried out in 1991 as part of the International
Bottom Trawl Survey were sent as exchange files to IJmuiden and are available in the
IJmuiden data base (Table 8.1). Some data were still preliminary and not a11 the otoliths
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collected in 1991 had as yet been read.
9. PREY AGE LENGTII KEYS
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Prey age length keys (ALK's) are necessary to convert numbers in the stomaehs by length
categories to numbers by age, which is what is needed as input to the MuItispecies Virtual
Population Analysis (MSVPA). To some extent, such ALK's can be obtained from the
surveys in which the stomaehs were collected. This raises several problems, however.
Due to the mesh size, the smallest prey fish are poorly sampled. This not only reduces the
availability of the smaller fish, but mayaIso bias the length at age distribution. In particular,
this is a problem for sandeel. In addition, the pelagic prey species will be poorly sampled,
since most of the sampling was done during bottom trawl surveys.
Tables 9a-e show the number of otoliths for each of the main prey species by length dass
and quarter which are available at present. Some survey data are still not included in the data
base. The general impression is that for Norway pout and sprat, the coverage is fairly
satisfactory. Sandee1 is very poorly covered, except for the 3rd quarter in area 1. For the
herring, the coverage seems to be quite good.
For the sandeeIs in particular, an additional problem is that they grow very rapidly during the
2nd quarter. In this situation, it would be desirable to apply separate ALK's for each month or
even on a finer time scale (Anon., 1992c) For the areas where the commercial fishery takes
place, it may be possible to make use of the ALK's used by the Industrial WO.
As noted above, the coverage is fairly satisfactory for most species. Nevertheless, there are
some gaps and the bottom trawl survey ALK's need to be supplemented with data from other
sources, inc1uding commercial fisheries and other surveys. It is also recommended that the
stornach analysts take fuH advantage of every opportunity to coHect otoliths from we11preserved prey in stornach sampIes. This is particularly important for sandeeIs.
10.
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INCORPORATING O·GROUP FEEDING DATA IN I\1SVPA
The pelagic O-group sampling was intended to estimate the amount of internal consumption
amongst gadoids and investigate area, diel and depth effects. The findings should indicate the
magnitude of internal consumption and whether there is a case to incorporate pelagic O-groups
in MSVPA. During the discussion it was pointed out that to be of use in MSVPA,
consumption should be estimated for the O-groups as a whole, inc1uding both pelagic and
demersal phases. It was also feIt that consumption should be estimated over a shorter time
scale than by quarter-year, due to the rapid changes in growth and feeding in spring and
summer. Whilst it would be difficult to quantify population size from the 1991 sampling
programme over quarters 2-3, it would be possible to compare the diets and relative
consumption of the demersal O-groups collected by the demersal trawling gears and the pelagic
members of the population taken by the IYGPT. Peter Bromley agreed to co11ate the data and
cooperate with other workers interested in a more detailed study of fecding during the change
from the pelagic to demersal pattern of behaviour in lune-August. Indeed, there was some
doubt as to the validity of distinguishing bctween pelagic and demersal feeding in the shallow
areas of thc southern North Sea, and there were doubts over the ability to quantify feeding in
such areas, particularly close inshore where substantial numbers of O-groups congregate.
It was feIt that the sampling of the O-groups in the fourth quarter, when most are demersal,
should be reasonably quantitative and the 1991 feeding data could be used in MSVPA.
11. TREATMENT OF OTIIER PREDATORS
An unexpectedly large number of predators was sampled in 1991 (Table 4.1). The Oroup
agreed that priority should be given to rays, grey gumards and scad. However, some truly
demersal predators, such as anglerfish, might yield useful information on the time at which
young gadoids start to live on the sea bed.
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12. TIMETAHLES
A considerable amount of work remains to be done before the data can be processed into a
form suitable for MSVPA. The Group agreed that the following timetable should be strictly
adhered to:
1 All prey ALK's must be submitted to the IJmuiden laboratory by September 1992;
2. Exchange files with stornach contem data must be sent to the IJmuiden laboratory
by 1 May, 1993;
3. Final processing to be completed by early August, 1993, in time for submission of
the data to the Multispecies Assessment \Vorking Group;
4. Species coordinators should submit individual reports to the 1993 Council Meeting.
During the meeting, it seemed that all species coordinators are currently identifying prey items
in as much detail as possible. However, in order to meet these deadlines, it may become
necessary to identify stornach contents in a rather less detailed manner. The Group prepared a
set of guide-lines on the minimum level ofidentification that should be aimed for (Table 12.1).
In defining these criteria, the Group recognised that, although the Multispecies Assessment
\Vorking Group is their main customer, the results of the Stornach Sampling Project are of
considerable interest to other workers, such as the Study Group on the Ecosystem Effects of
Fishing, and these groups are particularly interested in some of the other, non-commercial,
species eaten by the predators. In this context, grouping prey into broad taxonomic categories
such as 'moIluscs' and 'crustaceans' is not very helpful. What is needed is an indication as to
whether the prey are pelagic or demersal, epibenthic or part of the infauna etc. To achieve this
aim, it will usually be necessary to identify prey at least to the level of Order or even Family.
Fish and commercially important crustaceans as weIl as a selected group of other organisms
(see Table 12.1) must always be identified to species level.
•
13. RECOMMENDATION
The Group recommends that the species coordinators of the 1991 Stornach Sampling Project
meet again in IJmuiden for 6 days from 2-7 September 1993 to prepare the input data for
MSVPA.
14. REFERENCES
Anonymous 1981 - Draft Manual for the Stornach Sampling Project, January 1981.
Internal Report Netherlands Institute for Fishery Investigations.
Anonymous 1991 - Manual for the ICES North Sea Stornach Sampling Project in 1991.
ICES C.M. 1991/G:3.
Anonymous 1992a - Report of the International Bottom Trawl Survey \Vorking Group,
Copenhagen, 13-17 January 1992. ICES C.M. 1992/H:3.
Anonymous 1992b - Report of the Study Group on the Analysis of Feeding Data. ICES
C.M. 1992/G:4.
Anonymous 1992c - Report of the Industrial Fisheries \Vorking Group. ICES C.M.
1992/Assess:9.
SSP 1991
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Progress report
•
.
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Figure 4.1-5 Preliminary estimates of the total number of stomaehs of primary species
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4.1 Cod
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4.5 Saithe
•
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- 23 -
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BE
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Figure 4.14 Sampling areas for pelagic O-group gadoids in lune 1991.
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E8
F2
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- 24 -
F4
F5
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Progress report
•
Figure 7.1 Example of differences in reported regurgitation rates by different countries.
a Statistical squares fished by Cirolana (hatched horizontally) und Tridens (hatched
vertically) during the second quarter of 1991.
b Percentage of grey gumard stomuchs classified as regurgituted by statistical square
during the second quarter of 1991
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Table 4.1 Number üf stümachs examined at sea für each species and quarter für 1981 and
1991.
Species
Cod
Haddock
Whiting
Mackerel
Saithe
Pollack
Ling
Hake
Torsk
Bib
Blue whiting
Scad
Grey gumard
Redgumard
Tubgumard
Red mullet
Sebastes viv.
Rays
S. acanthias
S. caniculus
Tope
M. asterias
L.R. dab
Turbot
Brill
Megrim
Halibut
Angler
Catfish
Hyperoplus
Sandeel
Total
SSP 1991
Quarter 1
1981
1991
4146
2338
2810
2908
6990
7832
248
315
547
1115
0
52
54
3
56
0
31
2036
132
0
0
0
962
49
35
1
0
574
13
14
60
2
29
1
3
0
15583 17773
Quarter 2
1991
1981
2430
3227
3795
5183
4211
11900
1277
2772
185
1241
58
71
176
14
17
0
941
4653
19
106
26
0
877
336
43
3
3
414
25
10
40
7
54
2
779
65
11898 33062
- 26-
Quarter 3
1981
1991
2329
2411
5825
7819
3727 13076
2737
3177
899
708
15
33
226
5
0
7
1555
4135
17
148
0
7
1702
58
93
11
3
1172
17
1
128
0
111
0
8
0
15517 36643
Quarter 4
1981
1991
2513
2151
4966
3745
3447
9717
686
683
812
559
8
48
93
5
29
0
986
1987
2
137
0
0
649
75
4
17
1
353
33
2
16
2
66
0
4
0
12168 21628
Total
1981
1991
11418
10127
17396
19655
19217
41683
4945
6950
2190
3876
81
204
549
27
102
7
3513
12811
170
391
26
7
4190
518
175
32
7
2513
88
27
244
11
55166
260
3
794
65
109106
Pro gress report
Table 4.2 Number of stomachs examined at sea for each predator size dass (all data
standardized to 1981 size classes) for each of the primary predator species and quarter.
<= 99
I !ASt
100-149
1991
1981
150-199
1991
19tH
200-249
1991
19&1
250-299
1991
1981
300-399
1991
1981
400-499
1991
1981
500-699
1991
19&1
700-999
1991
1981
>= 1000
1991
1981
1991
Ouarter 1
wd
I
haddock
whhing
51
1ll
97
251
19j
511
100
601
9l
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4Q1.
455
m
SS6
630
238
36l
444
681
512
Sl6
629
412
100
712
19$
1"16
42
54
1$2$
1406
1638
1616
1623
1470
1616
146$
12$0
1089
176
53
4
2
2
2
4$
452
36
486
170
189
2<i$
139
14S·
49
7$
69
28
9
Sl5
370
JS2
$38
5118
.191
S2I
392
637
66
saithc
mackerel
6$
"""
425
117
91
66
29
6
180
200
19
29
55
1
1
4$
146
113
64
6
7
49
13
1
Ouarter2
wd
36
haddock
•
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9
1"16
259
328
12
457
32
S76
K14
693
117$
802
961
840
14$1
360
3lI
1
428
6S6
756
2208
889
2996
1161
3424
1124
lO$$
53
71
7
14
1"16
7
2iIJ
253'
612
sso
1615
468
121
saithc
3
mackerel
2
291
Quarter 3
wd
376
355
222
232
16
87
166
185
446
370
556
337
296
367
2lß
2S7
85
haddock
'100
m
1881
019
4~
1049
1404
1333
lS61
14$1
1589
45$
273
82
51
4
3
'uihiting
9'JO
231
1679
321
1053
843
2452
1131
3485
10]2
2878
163
54
6
1
1
1
9
83
110
201
378
358
157
241
50
1$
80
764'
731
1$19
2170
454
170
117
54
13
21
174
4
90
..ithc
I
1
mackerel
Ouarter4
wd
52
189
396
199
318
199
116
233
104
424
$SI
404
220
453
248
3S7
haddock
47
692
647
812
S'>4
919
42<i
947
6'J8
1012
103$
~
214
80
90
I
whhing
201
S24
1373
$19
1829
729
1971
821
2207
740
2102
110
73
4
10
75
62
4~
170
222
143
416
48S
147
36
1
saithc
mackerel
2
20
43
1200
102
NB. *: 200 - 299
SSP 1991
- 27-
Progress report
•
•
Table 5.1 Number of stomachs examined at sea and the numbers analysed to date by each
country.
lcountry
I species
I
Nr. examined
I
Nr. analysed
Germany
haddock
19655
1500
Scotland
whiting
41683
13241
Denmark
saithe
rays
3876
4190
1500
1300
Netherlands
cod
grey gumard
other species
10577
11906
14004
9170
6151
2821
Norway
mackere1
6950
1605
England
pelagic O-gr.
3500
2646
Sweden
vaf. North Sea
var. Skag./Katt.
791
3464
791
1632
SSP 1991
- 28-
Progress report
•
•
Table 6.1. Data fonnat for stomach content data (from Anon., 1992b)
TyPCa)
Position Name
Sampie identification
1-2
2N
Ecosystem name
2N
3-4
Year
Quarter
IN
5
4AN
6-9
Square/stratum
ION
10-19
Predator code
Sampie (Fish) nr
5N
20-24
Haul information
3A
25-27
Country
4A
28-31
Ship
3A
32-34
Sampling method
35-40
Stationlhaul
6AN
41-42
2N
Month
43-44
Day
2N
4N
45-48
Timeofday
IN
49
Quadrant
4N
50-53
Latitude
5N
54-58
Longitude
Depth (meters)
3N
59-61
62-64
Temperature (bottom)
3N
Predator information
4N
Pred. (mean) length
65-68
69-73
Pred. (mean) weight
5N
74-75
Pred. (mean) age
2N
76-79
Pred. lower length bound 4N
Pred. upper length bound 4N
80-83
84-90
CPUE
7N
Sampie information
Nrwith food
3N
91-93
3N
94-96
Nr regurgitated
97-99
Nr with skeletal remains 3N
100-102 Nrempty
3N
Prey information
103-112 Prey species code
ION
113-116 Prey lower length bound 4N
117-120 Prey upper lenglh bound 4N
121-128 Prey weight
8N
6N
129-134 Prey number
IN
135
Digestion stage
Range of values
1-8
01-99
1-4
Commcnt
North Sea: 01
Year - 1900
1-99999
ICES rectangle or survey stratum #
NODC IO-digit
Unique fish LD.
ICES alpha codes; no Data:XXX
ICES alpha, if available; otherwise:XXXX
See footnote b); no data: XXX
Use national system; no data:XXXXXX
01-12
Not known: 99
01-31
Not known: 99
0-2399,9999
hh/mm, local time start of low; not known: 9999
1-4,9
See footnote C); not known:9
0-9000,9999
Dd/mm; not known:9999
0-18000,99999 Ddd/mm; not known:99999
1-999
Mean depth of tow; not known:999
-9.9 lO 99.8
Xx.x one implied decimal; not known:999
1-9999
1-99999
0-99
1-9999
1-9999
1-9999999
mmXXXX
grams XXXXX; not known:99999
Not known:99
mmXXXX
mmXXXX
Weighling coeff. for sampie; not known: 1
0-999
0-999
0-999
0-999
0,
0,
0,
0,
1-9999
1-9999
1-99999999
1-999999
0-2,9
NODC IO-digit
mm XXXXg; not known:9999
mm XXXXg; not known:9999
Total weight mg XXXXXXXX
Total number; not known:999999
See footnote d); not known 9
1 for individual sampies
1 for individual sampies
1 for individual sampies
1 for individual sampies
a All numeric fields (N) right justified, zero filled; aIl alpha (A) and mixed alphalnumeric fields (AN) left
iustified, space filled.
DEM: demersal trawl; PEL: pelagic
cl: NB/EL;2: NB/WL
d O:pristine condition; 1: partly digested; 2: skeletal remains
SSP 1991
- 29-
Progress report
•
•
Table 8.1 1991 IBTS data available in RIVO data base
Q
1
2
3
vessel
54
40
trawl
list
length
data
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Argos
Dana
Isis
J.lIjort
Scotia
Thalassa
Tridens
W.lIerwig
total
51
59
77
31
91
426
Cirolana
Isis
J.lIjort
Scotia
Tridens
W.lIerwig
total
73
29
36
54
51
171
414
+
23
+
+
+
+*
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Cirolana
Isis
J. lIjort
Scotia
Tridens
total
87
25
+
+
+
90
45
247
+
+
+
+
Cirolana
D:lJla
G.O. Sars
Isis
Tridens
total
61 +
70 +
47 +
35 +
37 +
250
4
*
**
n r of
h auls
( )
cod
numbers of otoliths collected
hadd
whit
norw sait
herr
1371
4524
104
162
1017
460
462
204
516
621
2367
533
1239
565
379
920
3798
464
1161
1208
807
857
5514
213
385
62
85
55
745
497
1339
1434
332
216
467
960
1717
3857
390
888
513
950
4080
331
954
1034
1106
4859
129
187
115
271
1034
283
96
976
390
598
3189
648
980
1404
339
173
504
394
1546
1888
685
3553
1522
788
3714
324
146
809
400
149
955
694
108
1393
622
90
399
191
110
1867
906
3011
45
635
s ra
mack
scad
amm
h
307
2666
121
299
241
53
23
o
6
2
81
2200
686
877
474
542
10674
3634
76
o
6
2
104
1129
428
236
202
80
295
187
120
228
(219)
(102)
910
356
228
678
.... 182
578
277
162
26
58
271
146
590
1572
2408
300
4858
86
50
413
73
235
298
298
(55)
2516
(50)
.... 108
0
86
826
486
167
90
189
675
40
297
100
100
0
0
0
26
172
7
0
+
+
+*
+*
+
+
365
914
327
86
488
1641
preliminary data
including market sampIes
otoliths not yet read
SSP 1991
o
- 30-
Progress report
•
.-------
-
~~
-
-_. --
-
Table 9a Number of Norway pout otoliths collected
st Quar er
8-9
10-11
12 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
Total
8-9
10-11
12 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
Total
•
<=5
6
7
8-9
10· 11
12 - 14
15· 19
20 - 24
Total
7
8-9
10-11
12 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
Total
SSP 1991
5
60
91
146
5
307
2
55
56
43
11
167
2
33
52
37
9
133
1
36
124
190
13
364
17
101
73
5
196
4
56
98
7
165
8
14
19
43
26
83
216
20
429
162
7
37
40
39
90
5
218
1
8
12
22
37
6
86
6
13
22
22
99
16
25
14
7
62
2 n d Quarter
2
61
62
3
128
3 r d Quar er
1
2
5
7
14
8
20
10
26
92
5
2
39
153
4 th Quar er
1
12
5
16
16
8
15
26
19
2
1
71
50
- 31 -
16
25
35
76
0
0
0
4
9
2
25
12
13
39
1
1
3
4
16
0
0
25
2
0
16
1
18
1
9
180
249
275
32
745
1
61
371
444
28
905
11
20
33
73
56
139
449
27
808
9
62
86
84
189
14
444
Progress report
"
Table 9b Number of sprat otoliths collected
st Quarter
5
6
7
8-9
10 - 11
12 - 14
15 - 19
Total
8
4
1
7
2
14
2
3
49
64
69
5
190
1
3
185
145
45
379
2
6
4
43
57
84
4
200
14
54
225
1238
315
65
1
1912
3
3
13
47
69
97
8
240
1
9
29
83
113
3
238
10
40
60
7
117
13
36
4
53
2
13
81
102
14
212
1
10
32
68
130
34
275
2
34
199
293
63
59
650
18
95
439
1812
647
332
7
3350
2 n d quar er
<=5
6
7
8-9
10 - 11
12 - 14
15 - 19
Total
0
8-9
10-11
12 - 14
15 - 19
Total
2
0
6
7
8-9
10-11
12 - 14
15 - 19
Total
SSP 1991
6
84
3
93
0
2
12
1
50
6
69
7
27
58
43
15
82
120
6
135
223
3 r d quar er
4
10
30
46
131
2
18
36
205
4 tl
I Quarter
2
2
8
53
40
0
105
- 32-
31
3
4
29
119
325
460
20
960
0
24
129
231
29
413
1
27
3
2
12
14
3
14
65
205
334
54
675
Progress report
Table 9c Number of lesser sandeel otoliths collected
st Quarter
7
8-9
10-11
12 - 14
15 - 19
Total
1
2
1
2
0
1
2
6
1
1
1
1
4
0
0
I
0
0
1
5
21
I
2 n d ouar er
8-9
10 - 11
12 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
9
79
235
69
Total
392
I
31
59
22
113
1
2
6
26
19
54
6
9
15
29
6
65
4
1
5
27
15
5
1
22
16
93
307
213
49
678
0
308
745
549
461
413
40
2516
3 r d Quarter
7
8-9
10-11
12 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
Total
I Total
308
743
546
418
382
38
2435
oI
2
2
2
1
40
14
55
0
6
1
7
6
4 th quarter
01
1
11
1
13
01
oI
01
oI
01
01
01
;I
Table 9d Number of greater sandeel otoliths collected
Roundfish area
4
130 - 34
Total
;I
1 st quarter
01
01
0
I
2 n d Quar er
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
Total
17
4
0
21
6
6
2
14
1
1
2
8
5
13
5
5
4
3
17
5
8
13
18
42
15
5
80
0
11
23
17
4
3
58
3 r d Quarter
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
Total
0
0
0
2
3
1
4
9
8
6
1
22
_ _ _ _4 th guarte.:..r
Ir-::T:--ot-:'al-~-~O~Ir---O:':"'"1
0 I
0 1
SSP 1991
- 33-
5
11
8
4
2
30
..,.....
o.;;..,I_ _"";O;...lI
..,.....
-.,
o;;.."IL-_ _o;;..,,1
Progress report
...
Table ge Number of herring otoliths collected
st Quarter
8-9
10 - 11
12 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
Total
34
536
1251
76
1897
8
293
223
86
1
54
169
202
50
610
476
1
164
345
531
108
1149
10
69
133
98
53
1
364
39
529
1281
790
203
86
1
2929
27
350
857
540
274
66
4
2118
66
891
2433
2304
2067
1700
82
9543
2
23
54
15
2
23
54
15
5
148
582
1632
1176
65
3702
2 n d Quarter
5
6
7
8-9
10 - 11
12 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
Total
14
288
420
37
759
25
290
186
4
505
48
338
195
12
593
34
128
511
251
1
9
6
63
149
405
312
924
945
8-9
10-11
12 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
Total
10 - 11
12 - 14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
Total
SSP 1991
18
175
2518
906
5
3622
4
356
105
465
1
35
79
61
119
9
304
1
101
390
143
635
3 r d Quarter
47
190
224
46
507
4 th quar er
25
14
58
31
1
129
0
- 34-
5
22
117
78
41
263
19
20
2
41
8
12
3
4
27
85
207
130
73
9
504
40
70
118
118
3
443
5
31
39
18
16
10
33
163
32
109
238
14
86
182
183
161
6
632
1
26
28
17
72
1
14
47
234
842
3726
1517
5
6386
16
180
315
326
671
121
1629
Progress report
Table 12.1 Minimum desirable level of identification for non-fish prey observed in stomachs.
1500000000
PIIAEOPIIYfA
3600000000
PORIFERA
3700000000
3701000000
3730000000
3740000000
3744000000
3747000000
CNIDARIA
IIYDROZOA
SCYPIlOZOA
ANI1I07.DA
ocrocORAIllA
ALCYONACEA
3800000000
crENOPIIORA
5000000000
5001000000
5001010105
5001130000
5001200000
5001240000
5001250000
5001300000
5001600000
5501620203
5001650100
5001671700
5001680000
A.'fJ\UlDA
POLYCIIAIITA
Arl rn.ODITE ACULEATA
PI lYU.DDOCIDAE
TOMOP1ERIDAE
l\'EREIDAE
NEPIITYIDAE
EUNICIDAE
CAPITEUlDAE
ARENICOLA MARINA
SABELLARIA
PECTlNAR.IA
TEREBEI11DAE
5100000000
5105040145
5105050812
5127000000
GASIROPODA
BUCCINVM UNDAW:\1
NEPTUNEA Al'ffiQUA
NUDIDRAl\"CI 1IA
5300000000
POLYPLACOPIlORA
5500000000
5507010101
5507010601
5509050401
5515220000
5515290000
5515310000
5515350203
5515470000
5515510101
5517000000
BNALVIA
MYTILUS EDUUS
MODIOLUS MODIOLUS
PEcrEN MAXIMUS
CARDlIDAE
SOI...ITht1DAE
TEU1NIDAE
ABRAAillA
VI1.'lERIDAE
CYPRlNA ISLA1'IDlCA
MYlNA
5600000000
SCAPIIOPODA
5700000000
5704000000
5706010000
5706010102
5706010103
5706010301
5708010000
5708010202
5708010401
CEPI IALOPODA
SEPlIDA
LOUGINIDAE
LOUGO VULGARIS
LOUGO FORBES!
ALLOTIIEU11S SUllL'LATA
OCTOPODIDAE
OCTOPUS VULGARIS
ELEDOl\'E CIRROSA
6001010108
6001080103
NYMPIION GRACILE
PYCNOGONm1 UITORALE
6100000000
6109000000
6118000000
6119000000
6132000000
6134000000
6143000000
6145000000
CRUSTACEA
SSP 1991
a..ADOCERA
CALANOIDA
lIARPACTICOIDA
LEPADOMORPlIA
BALANOMORPIIA
6153000000
6154000000
6158000000
6168000000
6169000000
6170000000
6174000000
6177000000
6179000000
6179180000
6179180100
6179180101
6179180104
6179180108
6179180110
6179220000
6179220100
6179220110
6179220118
6179220119
6181010202
6181010301
6183000000
6183040000
6183060000
6183100000
6183120000
6184000000
6188000000
6188010101
6188020301
6188030109
6189000000
6189010000
6189010701
6189010900
BRACIlYURA
CANCRIDEA
CORYSTES CASSIVELANUS
ATELECYQ.US R01UNDAWS
CANCERPAGURUS
BRACI IYRI lYNCI IA
PORTUNIDAE
CARCINUS MAENAS
MACROPIPUS
6213000000
lNSECTA
7200000000
SIPUNCL'LA
7300000000
ECIIIU'RA
7400000000
PRIAPULIDA
7800000000
ECTOPROCfA
8000000000
BRACInOPODA
8100000000
8117030205
8127010600
8129031000
8149000000
8149010101
8163020101
8163030101
ECIllNODERMATA
ASTERIAS RUBENS
OPIl1URA
AMPIllURA
ECIllNOIDA
ECI llNUS ESCULEN1US
SPATANGUS PURPUREUS
ECIllNOCARDIUM CORDAWM
8170000000
IIOL011 IUROIDEA
8300000000
CI lAETOGNATI IA
8400000000
8401000000
8407000000
8411000000
8413000000
UROOIORDATA
ASCIDIACEA
11lAUACEA
SALPIDA
LARVACEA
8500010102
BRANCInOSTOMA LANCEOLATA
MYSIDA
CUMACEA
ISOPODA
AMPIIIPODA
GAMMARIDEA
IlYPERIIDEA
EUPIIAUSIACEA
PENAElDEA
CARIDEA
PMTIAUDAE
PA.'\TIALUS
PANDALUSBOREALIS
PMiDALUSMO:-ITAGUI
PANDALUS PROPINQUIS
PANDALUS BREVIROS1RIS
CRANGONIDAE
CRANGON
CRANGON INTERMEDIA
CRANGON CRANGON
CRANGON AI.l...\W\NI
lIOMARUS VULGARIS
NEPlrn.OPS NORVEGICUS
ANOMURA
CALUANASSIDAE
PAGURIDAE
GAlATI IEIDAE
PORCELLM~IDAE
MAlACOSfRACA
LEProSTRACA
- 35-
Progress report