IN'rERACTIVE SYSTEM POR REGISTR.Arl'ION
AND PROCESSING OF DIGITAL SATELLITJ-::: DATA
USING IBM PC/AT COMPUTER
Les! aw A. Baranski, Piot.r St.ruzik
Inst.it.ut... o:f Met.eorology and Wat.er Management
Sat.ellit.e Dat.a Receiving and Processing Cent.er
Piot.ra Borowego 14 st.Y-., PL 30-215 Krak6w
Poland
Commission Number 11/6
The NOAA (USA) operat.es a net-work of' "Lhird generat.ion polar
orbit-ing sat.eIUt.es NOAA-9 and NOAA-10 which provides dat.a used
t.o meet. st.at.ed requirement.s in supporta of bot.h day.... t. . o-day
environment.al monit.oring and global research programs. General
informat.ion
about.
t.he
spacecraft.,
it.s
orbit..,
and
it"g
inst.rument.s are well known (eg.Hussey W.J, 1979, Baranski L.A.,
1987). The resolut.ion of" images obt.ained t"rom NOAA sat.ellit.es
are
much
lower
t.hen
from
envi.ronment.a!
LANDSAT,
SPOT
sat.eUit.es:; but. t.aking int.o considerat.ion economic aspect. .and
access t.o t.ransmit.t.ed dat.a in real t.ime, t.he Inst..it.ut.e of
Met-eorology
and
Wat.er
Management.
(IMWM)
applies
it.s
informat.ions for met.. eorology,. wat.er
manageJnent..,
agricult.ure,
land sur:face and anvil-onment.a! st.udies.
Receiving st.at.ion inst.alled in Middle Europe can regist.rat.e
dat.a :from whole Europe including Medi't.erranean Sea,. Scandinavia
and significant. part. of" A t.lant.ic Ocean. The inf"ormat..ic syst.ern
f'or
receiving,
regist.rat.ion
and
processing
o:f
digit.. al
HRPT
(High
Resolution
Pict.ure
Transmission)
dat.a
{'rom
NOAA
sat.ellit.es
was
developed
at.
t.he
Sat.ellit.e
Receiving
and
Processin~ Cent.re at.
t.he IM'I/M in Krak6w. The syst.em based on
IBM
PC/AT
minicomput.ers,
allows
t.o
regist.rat.e
{'uU
HRPT
t.ransmission at. t.he elevat.ion an~le higher t.hen 5
degrees
[Baranski L.A.,. et. al.,19871.
The sat.ellit.e digit.al signal t.ransmit.t.ed at, t.he 1.7 aHz range
wit.h 0.66 Mbps rat.e is received by rot..at.ed parabolic ant. e nna.
Ant.enna is t.racking sat.ellit.e aut.omat.ically. The convert.. er 1.7
08z/1:37
MHz
is
placed
direct.ly
in
t.he
focus
of
ant.enna.
AmpUf1ed
sat.ellite
signal
is
passed
,to
t.he
t.elemet.r·ic
receiver)
t.hen
dat.a
st.ream
are
going
t.o
bit.
and
:f,rarne
sl''nchronizer (f"ig i), It. makes code convert.ion, ext.. ractAon of'
clock
pulses
and
convert-ion
from
series
t.o
parallel
t.ransmission. Synchroni,zer is connect-ed wi t.h informat.i.e syst.em
via t.he special int.er:face including t.wo RAM but~:fers and cont.-t"'ol
circui t.s which allows t.o re~ist.rat.e dat"a in f.-he real t.ime.
'I'hose dat.a are provided t.o minicomput.er by 8295 I/O card placed
in one of t.he I8'M PC/AT slot.s. The i.nf"ormat. . ic syst.em consist.s
of~ t.wo IBM PC/AT minicomput.ers connect.ed in local area net.woy·k
(D- LINK). 'rhe f'irst.. one .Y'egist.r.at.es HRPT dat.a and process A VHRR
(Advanced Very High Resolut.ion Radiomet...er) ima~es. It. can also
read and process SPOT and LANDSAT da"L ..:::. recorded on magnelAc
t.apes. The second Dlinicomput.er is dh~ect,ed f'or processing of
TOVS (Tiros Operat.ional Vert.ical SOl.inder) dat.a and analogue
images. D-LINK co:nnect.ion allows f":r-ee f]ow
of" dat.a. bet.ween
minicoJnput.ers.
The
configurat.ion
of'
t.. wo
minicamput. . e:r·s
was
select.e(,i
for
performing:
registra"Lion"
processing
and
archivi.sat.ion
of'
29
NOAA/HRPT
SPOT/LANDSAT
DATA STREAM
0,66 Mb/s
ANALOGUE I MAGES
I
MAGNETIC
BIT & FRAME
SYNCHRON IZER
MAGN ETIC
TAPE
DRIVE
t
INTERFACE
SCANNER
READ
!
IBM
CA)
o
IBM
6/10 MHz
RAM-7MB
WINCHESTER
PC/AT
MAIN BOARD
D-LiNK
~
GES
t
+
PC/AT
MAIN BOARD
SCANNER
WRITE
6/10 MHz
MATH- PROCESOR
NETWORK
RAM - 3,7 MB
DISK
80 MB
WINCHESTER DISK
t
KEYBOARD
t
j
EGA
MONITOR
KEYBOARD
Fig.1. Block - diagram of the hardware for
LANDSAT satellite data.
+
t
EGA
MON ITOR
l--
40 MB
MATRIX
PRI NTER
PLOTTER
~
processing
of
NOAA,
SPOT~
sat.ellit.e dat.a. The i~irst.
st.at-ion is equiped wi t.h:
-main
nrlnicom.put.el"
connect.ed
t.o
recei'v':i.ng
board,
.... RAM ext.ent.ion 1'... 0 6 MB,'I
- FDD/HDD
cont.:r-ollel"
connect.ed
and ·Winchest.er disc 80 MB,
-8256 I/O card,
- EGA card connect.ed t.o t.he
monit.or,
"'magnet.ic t.ape cont.roller,
-t.wo magnet.ic t.ape drives,
- D- LINK adapt.er.
wi t.h
high
floppy
:resolut.ion
disc
EGA
Present.ed configurat.ion allows t .. o regi.st.rat.e large capacit.y o:f
dat.a, it.s process and archive.Enchanced G:raphics Adapt.ar- (EGA)
per-mit.s
visualisat.ion
of
sat.ellit.e
images
wit.h
resolut.ion
640x360
pixels,
using
16
colours
select.ed
f"rom
64
colours
palet.t.e.
The second minicomput.er con:figurat.ion consist.s of':
-main board wit.h 6/10 MHz clock, mat.h-processorand 1 MB RAM>
.... 3 MB RAM ext.ent.ion,
- FDD/HDD cont.roller wi t.h 40 MB Winchest.er disc,
-8256 I/O card connect.ed via AD/DA convert.ers t.o
scanner-digit.izer and phot.oregist..rat..or,
-plot.t.er,
- D- LINK adapt.er.
Present.ed conf"igurat..ion allows t.o:
-read and process analo~ue images,
-obt..ain t.he
hard
copy of'
processed
images,
-process of- TOVS dat.a,
-plot.t.ing of' diagrams.
sat.elUt.e
For creat.ed informat.ic syst.em t.he specialized soft.ware has
been made (f'ig 2). During receiving t.ime of~ HRPtf sat.eUit..e
dat..a,programme for t.he roeal t.ime registrat.ion is execut..ed. The
fjle of 45 MB real HRPT dat.a is r'ecorded in about.. 10 minut...es.
It...
coresponds
t..o
part.
of"
t.he
sat.eltit.e
orbit.
wit.h:i.n
radiohorizon o:f recei ving st.,at...ion in Krak6w. The cont.ent. of'
HRPT t.ransmission are list.ed below:
-AVHRR images for day and night. cloud mapping,
oceanographic, hydrologic, Eart.. h surface st.udies
0.'126-1.1,
in
5
spect.ral
channels
(0.65-0.80,
3.55-3.93 J1 10.5-11.6, 11.5-12.6 J,J.m),
t...he
vert.ical
-TOVS
dat..a
from
which
prof-iles
are
t.. emperat.ure ,moist.ure
and
ozon
calculat..ed;>
-t.eIemet.ric and calibrat.ion dat.s.
Aft.er t.he end of t.ransJnission, pro~ramme :f"or preprocessing of
sat.eUit.e
d.'Stt~a
is
execut.ed.
This
pro~rarnme
pel'fornlS
t.he
f"ollowing- {"unct.ions:
31
NOAA/HRPT
SPOT / LAN DSAT
DATA STREAM
0,66, Mb/s
MAGNETIC TAPES
ANALOGUE IMAGES
REAL- TI ME REGISTRATION
OF HRPT DATA
PREPROCESSI NG
GEOGRAPH ICAL
LOCATION
~
~ DISPLAYING
I-t
TEMPERATURE
PROFI LES
MAGNETIC
TAPE
ARCH IVE
ZOOMING
N
MOISTURE
PROFILES
WEGETATION
INDEX
TOTAL OZONE
CONTENT
HSOIL TEMPERATURE &, MOISTURE
SCAN LINE
ANALYSIS
PHOTO
IMAGES
IREGISTRATION
I
LUT
CHARACTERISTICS
PLOTTER
CONTROL
OZONE PROFILES I
COSMIC RAY
MEASUREMENTS
Fig .. 2. Block - diagram of the software
LANDSAT satellite data.
for
processing
of
NOAA"
SPOT"
-ext.ract.ion lnt.o separat.e t~iles > AVHRR hna.ges in
ditf'"erent.
spect.ral
channels
and
TOVS
dat.a
including time code at t.he beginning of each
scan line,
-ident.ifi.cat.ion of' lost. lines based on t.ime code
and insert.ion of art.if"icial dat.a int,o i t...s place.
The t.ime f'roJn :3 toO a
8
minut.es
for
init.ial processing
necessary. TOVS dat.a al'e t.ransferred via D-LINK net.work
second minicomput.er f'oI" processing.
The software :fOl' TOVS dat.a processing consist.. of:
is
t.o
-geographical
locat.ion
of""
sat. e llit.e
dat.a
[Bo:r-elowski J.,1987]»
-ret.:r-ieval
of"
vertical
t.emperat.ure
proflles
[Baranski L.A." Rozemsld K., 1985],
-ret,rieval
of
vertical
moist:ure
pro:f·i.1es
[Baranski L.A.> Rozemski K., 19861,
- ret.rieval of' ozone mixing rat.io, profiles and
it.s t.ot.al cont.ent. [Baranski L.A.,
Rozem..<;:ki
K.,
1987, Baranski L.A., Ml"'ugalski J." 19881"
-cosmic I"ay measurement.s.
by
plot. t.el'
diagram
f"orm
The
result.s
ar-e
presented
in
co-working wit.h minicomputer, and can be st.ored on magnet.ic
tapes archive.
The so:ft.ware for processing of AVHRR dat.a consist.s ot: t.wo
separat.e blocks: the mat.hemat.ical processing" visualisat.ion of
calculat.ions.The
result.s
ot'"
sat.ellit.e
images
and
result.s
of'
mat.emat.ical processing are:
-mapping
of"
Balt.ic
Sea
sur:face
t.emperat.ure
[Baranski L.A., Kobiec B., 19851,
-soil
t.emperat.ure
and
moist.ure
[Baranski
L.A.>
Mrugalski J., 1988],
-veget.at.ion index.
The hnage processing soft.wa:r·e has been made f'or v.isualisation
of NOAA, SPOT, LANDSAT, NIMBUS et.c. satellit.e images as well as
analogue
images
read
over
by
scanner
digit..izer.
Image
processing syst..em permi t.s 't.o display images st.ep by st.ep from
quick-look ::format. (scale 1:4 of' original image) up t.o enlarged
part.s or image (scale 128:1). The soft.ware allows t.o change
displayed part. of' image or displayed channel. The cursor- placed
on image can ident.ify any pixel, displaying i t.s coordi.nat.es and
value as: well as any Une displaying it.s diagram. Analysis of
t.he
scan
Hne
permit.s
selection
of'
t.he
Look
up
Table
charact... erist.ics.
E~very
image
displayed
on
mOl'll t.or
can
be
recoI"ded
on
phot.oret;ist.rat.or as black/whi t.e hard copy.
Presented
inf'ormat.ic
syst.em
based
on
IBM
PG/AT
for
reg1st.rat.ion and pI~ocessing of sat.aHi t.e data, working in local
area
net.work
is
open.
Addit.ional
hardware
and
new
int.erpret..at.ion soft-ware can be simply added by users.
33
References
Hussey
W.J.,
1979,
The
TIROS-N/NOAA
Operational
Sat.ellit.e
Syst.em, NOAA Report. :from t.he Scient,.if"ic Colloquium on May
3, 19'19 in Washingt.on.
Baratlski
L.A.,
1987,
Est.imat.ion
ot~
int"ormat. ion
cont.ent.
t.ransmit.t.ed
by
TIROS-N/NOAA
sat.ellit.es~
Scient.ific
Bullet.ins of St.. St.aszic Academy of' Mining and Metallurgy,
No 1100, Geodesy, Bulletin 94 (in Polish).
Baranski
L.A.,
Borelowski
J., St.ruzik P., 1987, Regist.rat.ion
and
processing
of'
t.he
satellite
HRPT
t.ransmission,
Scient.ific Bulletins of- St.. St.aszic Academy o:f" Mining and
Met.allurgy , No 1100, Geodesy, Bullet.in 94 (in Polish).
Borelowsld, J., 1987, Procedures f~or geographical location and
coastal line drawing as part... of" int.eract.i ve systenl f"or
processing of sat.ellit.e images, Special Bullet..in of WOSL in
D~blin (in Polish),
Ba:r-anski
L.A.,
Rozemsld
K...
1986,
Possibi.1it.ies
of
t.he
ret.rieval of'
the at.mospheric
temperat.ure
and nloist.ure
vertical
prot"iles
f"rom
satelll t.e
TOVS
transmission,
Proceedings
o:t~
t.he
Int.ernat.ional
Symposium
on
Phot.ogrammet.ry and Remot.e Sensing of' t.he Sea, Szczecin,
Poland, Sept.ember 6 - 8.
Baranski L.A., Rozemski K.~ 1986, Receiving a.nd processing of'
TOVS dat.a for vert..ical sounding oC at.mosphere, News ot" t.he
Inst.it.ut.
of
Met.eorology
and
W'at.er
Management.,
Vol.IX,
Bullet.in 4 (in Polish).
Baranski
L.A.,
Rozemski
K.,
1987,
Ret.rieval
of'
t.otal
ozone
cont.ent
in
t.he
atmosphere
:from
TOVS
sat.ellit.e
dat.a,
Publication of' t.he Inst.i t.ute of Geophysics Polish Academy
of" Science» D-28(211).
Baranski L.A.,
Mrugalski
J., 1988, Physico-chemical background
of
t.he
HIRS
radiomet.ric
sat.ellit.e
mea..~urements
t~or
det.erminat.ion of" at.mospheric ozone concent.rat.ion, Review 01
Geophysics (in Polish, in print.).
Baranski L.A.,Kobiec B., 1989, Att.empt. of' t.he determinat.ion of"
t.he
Balt.ic Sea surface
water
t.emperat.ure
from
AVHRR
sat.elli te
t.ransmission,
Proceedings
at:
t.he
Int.ernational
Symposium on Phot.ogrammet.ry and Remot.e Sensing of t.he Sea,
Szczecin» Poland" Sept.ember 6 - 8.
34