INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL FLOW
IN TERRITORIAL MANAGEMENT
Or. Ion Grigore Sian
Senior Researcher, I.G.F.C.O.T., Romania
Commission No. IV
The investigating character system context
and the complex objectives of the territorial management are presented; it is illustrated by Oltenia mining basin (MB). The
integrated information flow (territorialgeographical) and automatic mapping in
territorial monitoring (AMTM) facilitate
to pass from intuitive to computer-assisted
territorial management designings
(CATMo). The technological flow of the
terlitorial management designing,averaged
by present-day space manifold functions
(urban, rural, touristic, hydrographic,
forestry), is a matrix-scheme for the limited, natural and modified resource management.
Key Words: GIS/LIS, Land AppLication,
Thematic
SYSTEM ANALYSES (SA),
REGIONAL APPROACH (RA)
"behaviour" (presuming change study, that
is, positive and negative process dynamics).
Obviously, analysing only the set of the
territorial system interactions with its
various functions, they appear to be proper
to the regional industrial weight as against
the open and underground coal mining (brown
C?al~. So, in such a case, the system analySIS 1S most favourable if the space approach
is to be regionally. The RIS knowledge, including all constituent elements and its
functions, is a sine qua non condition to
improve the professional designer's skill
which he needs to "convelse" with Nature,'
and last but not the least, with Society
(the user).
THE COMPLEX OBJECTIVES AND
TERRITORIAL MONITORING:
AMTM INFORMATION FLOW
This research objective is the territorial
or social-space systems, covering Oltenia
mining basin (test zones: Rovinari and
Motru). It is featured by an environment
(natural and modified) which, besides soil,
water, air and biota, also, includes natural resources, such as, coal. At its first
system analysis (SA), we can see it is
located at the cross of two main systems:
an ecological system considering its environmental location (human action and decision-making) and a social one, considering
the anthropic presence and influence (social values, needs and wishes). Hence,important social-space subsystems containing
regional territorial system (RTS) constituent parts (see Figure 1) could be derived;
such a RTS could delineate the mining basin
(MB) perimeter.
According to human interferences, ecosystems
in the mining basin (see, for example, ~co­
logic and economic subsystems) are not only
natural and modified but also managed.Considering the so-called managed ecosystem
(a social-space system, above all) or according to our classification, a space territorial management subsystem, we shall emphasize that the territorial management designing includes a lot of very complex distinct objectives: urban planning (UP), rural
planning (RP), hydlographical management(HM),
forestry management (FM), touristic management (TM), a.s.o. On the other hand, the
territorial management designing objectives
should take into account the complex land
protecting ( LP) objectives (biological
juridical): restoration, preservation, ~re­
vention, a.s.o.
This regional approach (RA) is meant to
establish the information and technological flow carrying out: (a) constituent
part identification; (b) structured model
development; (c) making variants on
behaviour, i.e. designing the future social-space subsystem state-of-art. From
the very outset, we want to emphasize that
the information support (aerial and/or
space images) is meeting with the purpose
mentioned above, containing information
on "anatomy" (meaning the element, relation
and object identifications), "physiology"
(representing the interrelation means with
other systems) and the territorial system
Before or after the measurements should be
made properly, both territorial management
and protection are requiring a territorial
monitoring at some established periods of
time, because there are various and continuous events and functions within this RTS
especially arising from the space mining ,
basin. Information land and geoglaphical
system (LIS/GIS) integrations, using photogrammetric and remote sensing plocedures
bring about a real-time or nearly real-time
information flow. The integrated information
flow and automatic mapping in territorial
monitoring (AMTM) give the possibility to
pass from the intuitive designing to the
computer-assisted designing. The designer
Regional territorial
system (RTS)
Figure 1. Constituent Parts of the Regional Territorial System (RTS)
makes intuitive mental images no 10nger.As
against the classical procedure, SA rigurous
scientific procedure is completely and simultaneously exploring RA aspects required to be integrated into the designing
process.
MODELLING THEORY (MT) AND
TERRITORIAL MANAGEMENT :
CATMO TECHNOLOGICAL FLOW
Territolial Management is more and more
known (Botez and Celac, 1980) as a main
field of activity within the applied prospective matters, owing to its integrated
long-sighted investigation feature.
The inter grated information system development (ISO) LIS/GIS should undergo the
following stages: (1) first of all, at a
national level - documentation (supported
by the National Geodetic and Cartographic
Fund, and the National Geodetic and Cartographic Data and Information Bank); (2) at
the mining basin level - data collection
(using graphic and non-graphic data and
information bases: LIS - general and special cadastres; GIS - geology, soil science,
hydrology, climate, a.s.o.); (3) finally,
at a regional level - data processing
(LIS/GIS integrated data and information
base development for : topology, identification, soil-underground, ail, water,
roads, a.s.o., having two graphic and nonglaphic data and information files).
Various social-space subsystem elements
are "located" on the same terlitolial suppOlt; they ale of various natures and
stletches and, sometimes, are interfering
each other in very stlange involved ways.
So, based on a just assumed "ladiography"
the managed space structure within a tellitorial system can leveal the relationships among internal subsystem elements,
among the different space tellitolial management subsystems (UP, RP, FM, a.s.o.),
among them and envilonment - that one outside the MB perimetel (see Figure 2).
The lalge aerial-space image categolY includes, also, the model subcategory, as it
will be shown below. To compile a "true
mode I" (showi ng "tha t vel y da y II occuuence
within a tellitorial subsystem), including
management variants ploper to the territo1 i a 1 management object i ves., model 1 ing is
carried out concurlently with the thematic
designing.
Final results of the information system
implementation (lSI), at a regional level,
ale consisting of graphical information
(one- and multi-thematic) derived flom
AMTM to be mapped on the cadastral-thematic maps (mining, urban, agricultural,
forestry, a.s.o.), geo-thematic maps
(geology, hydrology, climate, a.s.o.),and
non-glaphic information, as well (see the
diagram in the Appendix 1).
Any space model lepresentation should stalt
with the land plane and/ol three dimensional representation itself - the elevation
land model (ELM) - knowing its dynamic
2
Interna I rela tionshi s
of the subsystem
(HB)
Re lanai territorial
system (RrS)
-
Constituent arts of other
territorial subsystem
Urban planning (UP)
subsystem
~ Touristic management (TH)
subsystem
Figule 2. Tellitolial Management Stluctule
to computer-assisted telritorial management
designing (CATMO) alises flom LIS/GIS integlated data and information base (glaphic
copies: cadastral-thematic digital and
geo-thematic maps; non-g~aphic and synthesis data and information), special data
and infolmation bases on terlitolial management designing and special data and
information bases on legal mattels, as well.
evolution ("up-to-date").
Fin a 11 y, the lei s a (v i r' t u a 1) II ass e mb 1 age"
of the thematic digital lep~esenting models
fOl the ter~itorial subsystems, to obtain
the best alternative sceneries proper to
the telr i tOl i a 1 management, 1. e. "complementary elements" of the territorial management designing objectives. Obviously
it is a plelequisite condition to investigate the dynamics and most likely stateof-alt within the space telritolial management subsystems dUling the decisions
taken (among those which have been proposed) ale to be implemented (and after
they have been implemented), including.
The techniques should be classified according ~o the matter specifications: (a) generat~ng m?del elements; (b) identifying
relatIonshIps among them; (c) describing
the futule system functions and behaviour.
Some prognosis development (PO) studies
making changes arising ovel the land evident (environmental processes and factols)
and, genelally, knowing the p~edictive
regional planning (RP) function, after
land covel (LC) had been pleviously established, have been accomplished.
Later on, the second stage based on both
computing algolithms and proglammes to
process data in computel-assisted terlitOlial management designing (CATMD), and
othel ploglammes (automatic drawing, area
computation, highly technical, economic
and jUlidical developments) takes place,
to finally design the proper managements:
urban planning (UP), rural planning (RP),
hydloglaphical management (HM), fo~estry
management (FM), toul'istic management (TM),
a.s.o. The third AMTM technological flow
stage is the automatic mapping for territorial management, considering the designed
topographical configuration, when a valiant
is to be designed. Aftel a great many sceneries had been experienced, the best variant to be implemented used data and analyses to apply the chosen tel~itolial management designs on the ground (see diagram
in Appendix 2).
Rigorous studies on future investigations
(FI) are absolutely required by the territorial management designing. Past and
present-day arguments (lelated to the
classical logical rules) and future ones
(related to the likely logical rules) a~e
also needed, in OUl desire to know the
futu~e trends on space terlito~ial management subsystem evolutions.
SKETCH-MATRIX FOR RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT OR AMTM/CATMO
METHODOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
The lack of balance among the space-suppolt
and the existing social functions are
mainly due to a prevailing industlY location
within an economic subsystem (open and un-
Undoubtly, the technological flow lelated
3
blished "space-time" ratio, have in view
to make sets-up helping the judgement to
go beyond the common analysis of the initial
investigation object (space subsystem to
be managed), thus, to conceive images on
the anatomy, physiology and behaviour of
the other space management subsystems
within the territorial system.
derground coal mining), nevertheless,proper to the mining basin related to our territorial system (Gorj District). We are
located within an ab initio given and limited space together with the obvious unrecoverable resources. We are faced with
concerns designing new functions compatible
or proper to the damaged environment (thus,
imposing some limits on defining and developing new functions). It is well known
that such a "daily event" extending over
a "selenian landscape", as it is that coal
mining, does not confine itself to mere
direct effects on the environment.Through
their associated phenomena, the power
branch has entailed striking changes related to the urban or rural networks, hydrographical and communication networks,
usual agricultural development, as well as,
the people's cultural habitat, over the
whole region.
Space poly-functions are, therefore, resulting in a sketch-matrix managing resources delineated by the space, the land
economic requirements, power conditions
and environmental protection. They are the
main key concepts, which should be taken
into account, when our monitoring and designing are envisaged.
Nowadays, designing "on separate parts" by
individual specialists is no longer a valid
solution (e.g. urban planning without any
reference to the land management, hydrographical, forestry and/or touristic ones).
a multi-disciplinary team assuring a "cooperative designing" is now under consideration.
Within that dynamical context, large qualitative and quantitative changes, we have
seen, should be also mentioned, just to
recall the main concern of that applied
prospective task.
The sketch-matrix concept is a two-dimensional methodological structure on the
information and technological flow intergrations : (1) LIS/GIS information (on
line: primary sources - thematic products);
(2) AMTM/CATMo technological (on column:
automatic mapping in territorial monitoring
- computer-assisted territorial management
designing), to manage potential and existing
resources of the mining basin within the
The question "what is it ?" could not be
answered without a ceaseless appeal to
"what was it ?" and "what will it be ?"
Obviously, the linkage among the past,
present and future implies the space model
representation of the managed territorial
subsystem. Assumed as the wi t "amplifiers",
those models on various territorial management categories, based on an estaDiagnosis on RTS status
I
I
LIS/GIS
integrated data
information base
r---- and analysis on terrirorial development [TO)
I
Automatic
mapping in
territorial
monitoring
I
-
IRTS dynamics
I
I
r----
-
TO prognosis
Land cover
Regional planning
• Industry
Imining I a.s.o.
• Economic
• Demographic
c
0
• Technical
~
c
Predi ctive J
::::1
§•
Agricultural
~ • Settlements
:§.
Communications
til
--
~ • Water, forestry
I
H
I
·l
• Ecological
• Reservations
Figure 3.
J
I
Ii
I
I
I
I
III
lL
I
I -- -- - --I J Territorial management modelling
I
• Prospective
Computer
assisted territorial management
designing
(CATMDl
1
-
• Retrospective
Prevention
'--
--
Data and
information
proce ssing for
designing
J
• Cadastral -thema
tic map
• Geo- thematic map
-~
l
I
(AMTM)
-- ---
Plans & designs
for territorial ma- r--nagement
I
Graphic & nongraphic information
)
Special
designing
data base
Image. Model • Design
•
Territorial management sceneries
(UP), (RP),(HM), (FM). ..
+
Proposed decision
implementation
1
AMTM/CATMo Methodological Structure
4
,
-
I
I
I
-
RTS. At the same time, techniques and procedures in their suitable succession and
joining up within AMTM/CATMO methodological structure are also given (see Figure 3).
replaced by an inter-and multi-disciplinary
team in the territorial management designing. Besides the space system designers,
system analysts should be also included.
PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS
This paper has an obvious heuristic character defining and integrating LIS/GIS information systems to monitor and manage
various zones within an open and underground MB perimeter, which effects are to
be seen over the whole RTS. At the same
time, an unitary methodological structure,
i.e. the so-called sketch-matrix on regional resource management has been accomplished; so, connections between AMTM information and CATMO technological flows
have resulted. As the system analysis (SA),
the modelling theory (MT) has also regarded
the phenomenon regional territorial study
to be full of promises: breaking up territorial management designing elements into
their constituent parts and their subsequent re-arrangement within a configuration structured on objectives, means and
resources. Some special conclusions on RTS
monitoring and territorial management designing will be given below.
Territorial management designing could be
included into both the territorial development (TO) prognosis and the best territorial management sceneries, only if it
had been conceived as a system, and the
modelling theory had been used.
At last, as a general conclusion, we say
once again "there is no harm to investigate
aiming at some changes to be done", even
if, as it is often endorsed, the natural
conditions "should lay down" the regional
geographical distribution of the economic
activities, in our instance, an intensive
open and underground coal mining.
Obviously, "there is a very harm" to keep
on with that ever lasting prevailing economy - in fact, a paradox - which could
fur'ther II conv ict" the natura 1 env ironment
(space-support) to know a tiagical selenian destiny.
References and Selected
Bibliography
Albot~,M., 1986. Urm~rirea unor surse de
degradare a mediului, pe imagini din satelit. Analele Institutului de Geodezie,
Fotogrammetrie, Cartografie ~i Organizarea
Teritoriului, vol. VII
On Territorial Monitoring
(1) LIS/GIS integrated information system
requires a cooperation among the geoscience branches. There will be actual
conditions on inter- and multi-disciplinary
development: satellite imagery and space
photographs for macro sizes, aerial and
terrestrial photographs for micro sizes.
Aerial-space and terrestrial information
supports entail very good results for the
global/regional study on the environmental
balance and status within MB and its adjoining zones. Analysis and prognosis on
various social-space ecosystems/subsystems
within a RTS could be both derived.
Baltac,V. (coord.), 1985. Calculatoarele
electronice, grafica interactiv~ ~i prelucrarea imaginilor. Editura Tehnic~, Bucure9ti
Berbecaru,I., Botez,M., 1977. Teoria ~i
practica amenaj~rii turistice. Editura
Sport-Turism, Bucure~ti
Botez,M., Celac, Mariana, 1980. Sistemele
spatiului amenajat. Editura Stiintific~
(2) It is compulsory to highly evaluate
aerial and space image information, using
processing procedures and equipment, to
compile various scale thematic maps, with
photographic, graphic and digital representations (the last one to be generalized,
thus, passing from an experimental stage
to an operational one).
~i
Enciclopedic~,
Bucure~ti
Cucu, V., 1977. Sistematizarea teritoliului ~i localit~tilor din Rom§nia. Editura
Stiintific~
~i
Enciclopedic~,
Bucure~ti
Enache,M., 1977. Modele matematice in sistematizare. Editura Tehnic~, Bucure~ti
(3) To assure a proper interrelation among
the special-subject matters of the approached theme, a standard terminology
should be established. This paper tries
to make the first attempts.
et al., 1980. AerDfotointerpreEditura Oidactic~ ~i
Oonis~,I.
geografic~.
Pedagogic~, Bucure~ti
tarea
Gusti, G., 1974. Forme noi de a~ezare.
Studiu prospectiv de sistematizare macrotelitorial~. Editura Tehnic~, Bucure~ti
On Territorial Management
(4) Undoubtly, it is useful to complete an
alternative strategy on territorial management, based on the actual land features
and their determinations.
(5) "Space coordination" should not be
seen as a mere regional coordination (to
transform the managed region into an
"autarchic entity"), but as a land management ensemble with some prevailing activities possibly supplemented in or from
other regions/districts.
(6) Handicraftsman's designing should be
Leu,I.N., et al., 1988. Topografie ~i fotogrammetrie. Fascicula 4 (Fotogrammetrie
~i teledetectie). Institutul "Nicolae
B~1cescu",
Bucure~ti
Negut,N., Schiau,S., 1979. Fotogrammetria
~i topografia in lucr~ri1e de imbun~t~tiri
funciare ~i gospod~rirea apelol. Editura
Tehnic~,
Bucure~ti
Raut~,C., Cirstea,S., 1983. Prevenirea
combaterea eroziunii solului. Editura
Stiintific~
5
~i
Encic10pedic~,
Bucure~ti
~i
Appendix 1
LIS/GIS Integrated Information Flowline
and Automatic Mapping in Territorial Monitoring (AMTM)
II
I
--NATIONAL
I
I
I
0\
r.=
liS
NATIONAL GEODETIC
AND CARTOGRAPHIC
FOND
rt-
DATA BASE (GRAPHICAL
AND NON-GRAPHICAL)
.. GENERAL CADASTRE
(technical, economic,
juridical)
.. SPECIAL CADASTRE
-
IL
L
·I I
I
mining urban agricultural forestry o.s.o.)
1I
LIS/GIS
INTEGRATED DATA AND
INFORMATION BASE
I
DATA BASES IN
• TRIANGULATION
• LEVELLING
• BASIC TOPOGRAPHIC MAP
• AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY u.s o.
DO CU MENTATION
SYSTEt:L..Q EVELOPi ENT
SOIL SCIENCE
•
• CLIMATE
M A P . ASO .
I II
GRAPHICAL
IN FORMATION
MULTI-THEMATIC INFORMATION
n
NON - GRAPH I CA L
DATE AND
INFORt1ATION FILE
INFORMATION
l
GEOTHEMATIC
II I
·HYDROGRAP~Y) I I
.. AGRICULTURAL
• FORESTRY o.s.o.
• AS O.
.. CLIMATE o.s.o.
CAPTURE
THEMATIC
MAP
I
• ROADS
• HYDROGRAPHY
DATA
I
ONE-THEMATIC INFORMATION
.. MINING
CADASTRAL- • URBAN
(COMBINED ONETHEMATIC INFORMATION)
• WATER, AIR
• GEOLOGY
• SOIL SCIENCE
n
I
I
• SOIL-UNDERGROUND
GEODETIC & CARTOGRAPHIC
OUTPUT
I
• TOPOLOGY
DATA BASE (GRAPHICAL
AND NON-GRAPHICAL)
---. l
I
I
GRAPHICAL DATA
AND INFORMATION
FILE
• IDENTIFICATION
I
I
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I
.- -
REGIONAL (DISTRICT) lEVEL
--
I
I
.
MINING BASIN (MB)
lEVEL
---I-
PROCESSED
(I SO)
AUTOMATIC MAPPI NG
IN TERRITORIAL
MONITORING (AMTM)
DATA
IN FORMATION SYSTEM
IMPLEMENTATIO~S 1_)_
~
Appendix 2
Technological Flowline in Computel Assisted
Territorial Management Designing (CATMD)
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