POSSIBILITIES.AND
PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF AEROSPACE
MEASURING TEST SITE IN KALMYKIYA
KISELEV V.V.,MATIYASEVICH L.M.
1.
of
INTRODUCTION
The development
by
methods of
specifications
getting
of
by
dete~mined
of the
p~oblem
and
global
the
mo~e
of
objects
su~vey
of
changes
of
It is
ai~
natu~al
by
that
the
by
su~vey
by
the
e~~o~s
the
data
acqui~ed
and
inst~uments
of
That
fact
can
of
fo~mation
and
featu~es
of
make
an
banks
of
~equi~es
volume of
g~eat
2.2. Main
by
own teaching sampling of objects.
measu~ements
caliba~ation
of
su~vey
the given
flight conditions on
test-sites.
meast.l~ing
The
special
of
a
the
the
pal'ticulal'
conside~ed
line
cont~ol
the
geomet~ical
of
and
of
a
in the
~adiation
~ada~
of
151
ae~ospace
expenses
(p~oblems
lands
const~uction
fo~
elect~ic
specifications
cha~acte~izing
and exploitation
test-site
netwo~k,
met~ological
meast.l~ements
in
~adiation
2.2.4. Minimum
of the test-site
Ensu~ance
g~ound
and theFmal
conditions.
se~vice
2.1.1.
~adial
pa~amete~s
of
means
powe~
of
fo~
of
alienation
of
availability
facilities;
unifo~mity
special
the
objects state and
const~uction
aspects
2. GENERAL CONCEPTION OF THE TEST-SITE
Pt.l~pose
by
and
of
fo~
zone.
photomet~ic
~eflecto~s
te~~ain
su~vey
l'epo~t.
2.1.
sampling
cont~ol
measu~ing
ael'ospace test-site
a~e
compact
geodetic points,etc} with
by
well known cha~acte~istics and means fo~
measu~ing
in KALMYKIYA and methodological
of its application
fields,
band ,
conception of
gene~al
test-site,
chal'acte~istics
is
in
of
and
~ep~esentative
geog~aphical
standa~ds
elimination of
e~~o~s
of
2.2.3. Equipping
data
su~vey
means
the test-site
the objects of main classes typical
ta~gets,
of
bank
weathel'-
ma~ks)
(0-3
a~~angement
su~veys
~equi~e
method
of
fo~
2.2.2. Availability
fo~
each
The main
the
p~obability
inte~p~etative
pa~ticula~
of
~equi~ements
cloud-f~ee
diffe~.
obstacle
field
of
data;
the test-site is located.
whe~e
an implementation
g~ound
p~ope~ties
mo~e
since
systematic
su~vey
fol'
influence on
atmosphe~e
measu~ing
diffe~ent
type and kind can significantly
methods
of
~esults
inst~uments,
of
quantitative inte~p~etative featu~es fo~
objects
the main classes of geog~aphic zone
of
data
su~vey
But due to significant
g~eat.
measu~ements
ove~,
~andom
ae~ospace
systematic
diffe~ent
and space
calib~ation
means;
su~vey
2.1.4. FOl'mation
known
not
a~e
of
and
info~mation
envi~onment.
measu~ements
data
sUFvey
info~mation
of
Elabo~ation
dete~mination
~egional
of
and space
ai~
2.1.3.
data,
in view
impo~tance
monito~ing
su~vey
space
flight test and
p~ope~ties,
~adiation
te~~ain
ae~ospace
and
mo~e
and
geomet~ical
by
and
2.1.2. Evaluation
based on the
inte~p~etation,
application of
ail'
equipment of diffel'ent types;
quantitative
of
objects
te~~ain
acqui~ed
staff placing etc).
of
enginee~ing
of
communication
supply;
the
Pl'oblems
l"oad
and
of
GeneY'al
test-site
featuY'es
functioning
fY'om paY't i cu lar
of
zone:
the
Independently
so 1 ved tasks,
dry-farming
rna i n
pY'inciples of the test-site woy'],:: aY'e:
grass
natural
arable
lands,
areas
Y'equi 1"-i ng i rri gat ion ,solonchaks
sands,
water bodies ; there aY'e
eroded soils,
low productivity
also lands t..qith
-integY'ated consideY'ation
of
can
factoY's
influencing on the Y'esults of aeY'ospace
- combination
aY'tificial
application
standaY'ds
elements
of
and
teY'Y'ain
i nfol-mat i on
of
The main type
of
on
the
the
undel--sa te IIi te
netltJol"k of
wOY'k
to
be
means
aY'e
They contain
the staff exploY'es
and
deteY'mines
in
measuY'ements
of
b1""ightness
indices
and
dispeY'sion
of
of
teY'Y'ain
act i l'lometr·j c
and
of
in
band,
of
the
Y'eso 1 ut i on
the
an
the Sun
teY'Y'ain,
means
following
low,
survey
middle and high altitudes will
simultaneously
sUY'vey
in
the
Methodical
same
questions
with
the
pel"fomance and the content of
should
days
radiation
of
spatial
and
of ail"
in visible and
of these tasks the
be
on
I"R
done during
all
control
the
points:
measurements
and
check-out
and determination of the characteY'istics
).
the
theY'mal
meteoY'ological observations ;
of the perfomance
of
spatial
survey meaT1S,
operating
ac t i 1"1.omet1""' i c
bands-
of these wOl"ks are explained in (
The composition
be
space
spectral
of
fol"
Besides solution
altitude and azimu-th. The aiY' sUY'vey from
done
and
evaluation
of r adaY'
survey
illumination of
of
also for photometl"ic calibration
and
Y'ecoY'ds
evaluation
third
neal" II.! bands •
test-site,
fig.
point is intended
visible
points
the
control points
calibration
calibration and
makes
meaST.IY'ements
survey
resolution of aiY' and space survey means
meteoY'ological obseY'vations in diffeY'ent
of
geodetic points for
control
calibY'ation and
spectY'al
objects;
three
geometrical
standaY'ds,
indicatY'ices
be
sUl"vey means; the second - for radiation
the
of sampling the teY'Y'ain
measuY'ements
contl-01
The first
foY'
objects, makes contY'ol spectY'ometl'ic and
Y'adiation
and
1) •
DUY'ing space sUY'vey days
chaY'acteY'istics
can
geometrical calibration of space
test-site
t.o,JoY'l~s.
staff
TheY'e are on the test-site terY'itol"Y
measuY' i 11.g
capabilities of sUY'vey meanspeY'foY'med
enough
laboY'atories
aY'Y'anged in Elista.
natuY'al
and
is
netwoT'k
accomodatinn foY' service
foY' evaluation of
value
road
necessary
developed;
of
which
be used for placing the engineering
facilities;
measuY'ements and sUY'vey;
vegetation,
of
sampling the objects of main classes
located in the area of the contY'ol point;
""Jorks
different
measurements
of
bY'ightness
types of wOl-.ks can di ffer dependent I y of
specifications
paY'ticular solved tasks •
natural control photometric fields-
3. THE TEST -SITE IN KALMYKIYA
of
objects
used
as
3.2. State and development plans
3.1. General specifications
The
test-site
is situated in western
part of the Kaspian depressio1"1.,
area
of
climate.
days
in
Nowadays the
equipping
the
of
tY'ansgl"ession from dry to arid
completed.
The area has
can
pel"
year,thel"e
more
250
sunny
is no significant
anthropogenic pollution
of
fog
Pl"obability
and
dust
storms
be
constY'uction
the
test-site
NeveY'theless the
used
for
solving
and
is
not
test-site
a numbeY' of
practical tasks.
atmosphere,
3.2.1. The
is
network
control points intended foY'
sma 11.
of
geodetic
geometl"ical
calibration of space means of survey and
Within the
test-site
having
the field of geodetic control points
on
the area of about 80x80 km there al"e all
the
main
calibration of air-borne means of sUY'vey
kinds
of objects typical for arid
152
first point seY'ving for geometrical
a~e
completely
~eady.
The outl ine
of spatial
points
identified
~eliably
(with the spatial
on
used as the
points
cont~ol
The points
netwo~k.
images
within
the whole
The~e
cent~es.
the
of
one
of
by
dete~mined
system of
l'-Ji th the aCCU1"'acy not
3.2.3. The
have
in
of
calib~ation
axes than +-0,8m, by the altitude +- 0,5
ai~c~aft
and the
m·
photomet~ic
points
ope~ating
of
spect~al
the
points
and 200 m each
a~e
of"Maltese
a
The
the
shape
~ay
size of
accu~acy
of the points
dete~mination
a
50,100
natu~al
3.2.2.
the
second
point.
city
cont~ol
~adial
(RGT) of painted
const~ucted.
CPF is 100X200 m,
diamete~
Nominal values of
of
0.2+-0.02;
CPF
and
conc~ete
The size of
of HGT
pe~mi
b~ightness
of
indices
b~ightness
one
~espectively
g~ound
ta~get
the
fo~
spatial
measu~e
in the
spect~al
s"("l~Vey;
standa~d
and
ai~
po~table
the unit of
came~as
su~vey
photomet~ical1y
in the zones
of
the
su~vey;
tting to perform
and
has
can
inst~uments;
space
su~vey
The
~.~.
p~ima~y
spect~um
labo~ato~y
p~ocessing
data •
measu~ements
p~oblems
3-3.1.
and
will have
second
of test - site use
be used
-
CPF
designed
a~e
of
calib~ation
in
ope~ating
fo~
ae~ospace
visible
bands, and also
in
diffe~encies
fields
'll'Ji th
conside~ing
tempe~atu~e
va~iuos
cha~acte~istics
means
the
fo~
in
means
nea~
the~mal
-
IH
the
visible
of
cont~ol
-
of
band of wave
expe~iment
fo~
dete~mination
bands by
the
and
data
bank of
ODJeCuS
featu~es
of
and
of
in
natu~al
spatial-f~equency
inte~p~etative
zone
of
ope~ating
fields;
of
fo~mation
deg~adation
153
IR
nea~
photomet~ic
a~id
ai~
calib~ation
means
su~vey
and
of
calib~ation
~adiation
b~igtness
Besides it is planned to execute
the testing
the points
means;
su~vey
ae~ospace
~eflecting
calib~ation
f~om
the following main aims:
fo~
geomet~ical
and space
~adiation
su~vey
and
P~oceeding
how the test-site is equipped now it can
of
0.8.
lenght.
test-site
standa~dized
in
fields
means.
su~vey
0.06+-0.02;
a~e
0.3+-0.02 and 0.6+-0.05. The
the
su~vey
can be used as
of RGT must have the same values
secto~s
spect~al
of
standa~ds
ope~ating
used
and
which
in space
multispect~al
fo~
means
and also the system
t~anspa~ency
~eliably
se~ve
su~vey
which
photomet~ic
po~table
which
photomet~ic
meteo~ological
of
light
IH
of space
used
fo~
fo~
fo~
nea~
fields
atmosphe~e
the
Fou~
ta~gets
is 100 m.
of
establishment
fields (CPF) and two
(fig.3) will be
each
Elista
fo~
cont~ol
photomet~ic
g~ound
the
bands,
actinomete~s
co-o~dinates
~unways
visible
cont~ol
bands,
Nea~
2 m
means.
su~vey
ai~
3.2.4. The
of
is +- 0,2 m.
site was selected
of
calib~ation
~eflecto~s
squa~es
in
i~~igated
The points
as
with the
c~oss"
on
of
anothe~.
sign
(fig.2) •
m
as
distance
f~om
by
ma~l::ed
2}{2
situated
at the
the
a~e
standa~ds
calib~ation
has the size of 2000X2000 m and consists
chess-boa~d
fOl"'
f~om
point will
cont~ol
angula~
~adiation
the~e
cont~ol
~esolution
thi~d
a system of
Nowadays
The field of geodetic
and
of 1
ta~gets
g~ound
of the
Y
wo~se
ae~ospace
~esolution
to 15 cm.
co-o~dinates~
by X
spatial
line
dete~mination
totally 213 points
a~e
of
In addition to HGT , CPF should
have
special
su~vey
the assessment
fo~
value
having
to 15 m.
anothe~
p~ovide
in f ol"ma t i on
systems
geodetic
f~om
g~ound
co-o~dinates
photog~ammet~ic
we~e
tempe~atu~e
means of
ai~-bo~ne
band.
the~mal
HGT must
of the test-site.
a~ea
fixed on the
a~e
in
of 20 m and
situated on the
a~e
distance 8+- 2 km of
with
space
~esolution
and
~esolution
sensibility of
te~~ain
with timely stable position
bette~)
They
of
the
soil
of main classes
elements
and
of
vegetation
The systematic el"'l"'Ol'" can be applied
covel"'age.
3.3.2. The
essence
of
geometl"'ic
calibl"'ation of SUl"'vey means consists
following.
the
geodetic
The
contl"'ol
co-ol"'dinates
points
should
fol'" cOl"'l"'ection of calculated
in
of
co-ol"'dinates
-L\
of
Xi = Xi'
be
maldng exact the
measul"'ed on a space image.
system,
X,
••• , X i Y i , ••• ,
Xn Yn
points of
(desil"'ably n= 80-100)
-.il
Yi = Yi"
of
points
and
y
pal"'ametel"'s
of
fol'"
SUl"'vey
intl"'oducing into the function of
link betweem
Xl Y 1, X2 Y2,
values
tel"'l"'ain
the
co-ol"'dinates
tel"'l"'ain
of
the
and theil'" image (fol'"
photogl"'aphic systems that
will
be
the
elements of intel"'iol'" ol"'ientation).
The aCCUl"'acy
An application of a pal"'t of contl"'ol
points
allows to detel"'mine
(~O,ln)
pal"'ametel"'s
the
system
of
co-ol"'dinates
of
contl"'ol
and
the
theil'"
in
the
of
image
co-ol"'dinates
image).
extel"'iol'"
will
calculate
the
co-ol"'dinates
be
the
ael"'ospace
,
••• ,
Xi
will
l"'adiant
of contl"'ol
sUl"'face
Yi
7
7
,
co-ol"'dinates
values fl"'om
the
co-ol"'dinates
be total
of
catalogue
contl"'ol
el"'l"'Ol'"
of
of
instl"'uments
l"'eal
G1::),
of
<Lj) Cf,
netwol"'k sha I 1
the
;
Ei ~ Xi- Xoi ,
(bl"'ightness,
el"'l"'Ol"'S
and
l"'andom
index
of l"'andom
el"'l"'Ol"'S
des one)
zel"'o.
to
apPl"'oximately it
is
systematic el"'l"'Ol'"
possible to take a
equal
al"'ithmetic value
of
sUl"'vey
to
of
:=.
(index
"additive"
atmosphel"'ic
two
func-
pal"'ts,
main
pal"'ametel"'s
of
"additive"
the
which
chal"'actel"'izes the atmosphel"'ic bl"'ightness
and the l"'adiation dispel"'sed
mean
the values of tota 1
inside
the
SUl"'vey camel"'a (Ck)
8:::-/
n
/
and
which include (besi-
and
el"'l"'Ol'"
E·
L
is chal"'actel"'ized
of
the
all
system,
pal"'ametel"'s.
"Respectively the
("multiplication")
Fol'" n- 0-<::> the sum
SUl"'vey
(:2, ••• ,
specifications
T)
tion will consist
(6)
E;,:: lli +- Si
is coming
which
"multiplication"
-Lcd.
bl"'ightness
el"'l"'Ol'" in its tUl"'n is the
sum of systematic (6)
The
(:1,
atmosphel"'e
of tl"'anspal"'ency
The total
the
tel"'l"'ain.
atmosphel"'ic
by two values -
and
function
conditions
Hel"'eby the
co-ol"'dinates
calculation
f..
of
the
and
If'
the
of
pal"'ametel"'s
SUl"'vey
of
on
B)
object
the
l"'eceptol'"
bl"'ightness
of
on
falling
l"'adiation
of
by
quantity
chal"'actel"'ize this connection al"'e
calculated
and
the
( F)
al"'guments
The diffel"'encies of the
based
between
cOl"'l"'espondent
••• ,
Xn7 Yn'.
values of
-
measul"'ements
data
cOl"'l"'elation
of
enel"'getic
Y2 7
:!: ~ 6../ /r_
3.3.3. :Radiation
points
Xl' Y 1', X2 7
measul"'ed
and of the mOl"'e exact (Xi, Yi)
(fol'"
ol"'ientation
Using these pal"'ametel"'s we
the
is chal"'actel"'ized
in
co-ol"'dinates
photogl"'aphic systems that
of
points
terrain
system
elements
by the value Sf':::
the
of function which cOl"'l"'elates
the co-ol"'dinates of
of
co-ol"'dinates (Xi', Yi')
[CijC;"i'''J[lk-l;
Lf)q;),,,;'~ Lf)+('rC\+-u~
I
(U
I
- - - - - - - - .~ L\ '
I?
The consequence
:Respec t i ve 1 y l"'andom el"l"'Ol'" C)C.r :::: C!
C . - Li
of
el"'l"'Ol"'S
in
combined
influence
by
al"'guments
values constant fol'" the given
fOl"'mula
(I)
SUl"'vey system is the systematic el"'l"'Ol'" in
/L
L
and
£i
detel"'mining
--="-1---0 .
of tel"'l"'ain
h...-
154
bl"'ightness
objects.
The
chal"'actel"'istics
influence
of
this
sUFvey images.
eFFOF may be significantly Feduced
if "multiplication" paFt of fOFmula
(I)
wi 11
the
be
added
multiplie~ ~
by
cOFFection
• So the
as
calibFation can be fOFmulated as
mination
cOF~ection
of the
4. CONCLUSION
~adiation
task of
deteF-
4 . HoweveF
4.1. The
test-site
this is impossible to do without knowing
tw'
the atmospheFe paFameteFs T and
FefoFe consideFing
~
that
the
d IT,
Felation
be
fFom
val ues we wi 1 1
}{ =
Feceive
with
L1 IT and
- by
two
= 't Ov
"to{
space
space
made
find
the
FOF
~ealization
point
on
of
the
Feliably
aiFboFne
calib~ated
opeFating
at
way
of
o.
influenced by non -
of
indices
assigned
be
cOFFesponding to the time of theiF space
by
sUFvey;
- output
facilities
tFanspaFency
a~e
of atmospheFe dUFing space
sUFvey.
of
4.3. The
seFiously
Fealization
FepoFted plans
sUFface
o~thotFopic
spect'l'al
about
data
of
will
the
of
KALMYKYIA
test-site
open
bFoad
of natuFal objects and geneFalization of
deve 1 OpmeYl t
images- NeveFtheless if the compensati-
possibilities
on of that factoFs is good, the calibFa-
diffeFent
tion by
is useful.
sUFvey
of
theFmal and Fadiation spectFal bands.
natuFal
3·3.4. The
calibFation
accuFacy
objects
~ealization
can
of
~aise
compatability
of
sUFvey
stoFe statistic
fOF
fo~ming
inteFP~etative
inspection
diffeFent
inst~uments.
initial
the
featuFes
solution
cFeation
of
conclude
data
paFticipation
by
of the sampling the
FeqaiFed
of
opeFating
global
ecological pFoblems ,
types
aeFospace
in
visible,
of
~egula~
of
bFightness characteristics on the
155
of
the
fOF
effective
and
Fegional
it is expedient to
wOFks
these
and
of
by
inteFested
PFobably undeF the UN aegis.
the
featu~es
undeF the study and by deteFmination
thei F
means,
That allows to
banks
calibFation
investigations
test-site
of
Fesults
of
ConsideFing the impoFtance
measuFements,
the
measuFements made fFom
of
~adiation
significantly the
y·adiation
of
objects
will
The accuFacy
calibFation
bFightness
zonal
the low altitudes when we
can accept T=l, l~=
such
- output the values of
by
sUFvey
l~hich
space
and
theiF space sUFvey;
optical
deteFmined dUFing
state
about
objects cOFFesponding to the time of the
second
objects,
and
necessaFY specifications of the assigned
test-site.
the
ApPFoximately this task can be solve
specifications of
-output data
ation
will be FequiFed
CPFs like those planned
contFol
~"adi
m
of
- peFfoFm Fadiation calibFation
the space survey means operating in visible and near IR spectral bands by natural objects;
du~ing
cOFFection
of
theFe
of
aiF-boFne sUFvey video means
betteF;
= NT.
calibration
and
with the gFound Fesolution of 20
;
measu~emets
wi 11
measuFing
aeFospace
peFfoFm geometFic calibFation
two
values
sUFvey we will calculate the
value T and
Ll
solve
Fadiation
now on a contFactual basis to:
an application of the Fesults
of actinometFic
the
and
unknown
and
test-site to be cFeated in KALMYKIYA can
images
two CPF with well known bFightness
equations
to
metFologic
made by diffeFent on-boaFd
4.2. The
the
the
sUFvey instFuments and measuFements.
Fadiation cal ibFation can
done in the following way:
- by an application of
means
impo~tant
geometFic
measuFements
as the
the
ensuFing
unifoFmity of
aFguments
and T make paFt of fOFmula (I)
is
fOF
p~ovide
The-
measuFing
aeFospace
joint
useFs
1000 m
500 m
~
------~~----
I
~-':"";_-<i>- ~+- --4---+--
r
H
-=~ErgB .1I~ I
=1--._-_
,
0/0
.l
--$- -
T
_
,,~
\. Irrigated
fields
,____
I
'0 Yashkul
I~
s
.LySYi.~. Lake·
80 Jan
+ -T-t--e-
J!I
8
N
I
I
.
~
~--+- ~+--+
__ 2000
Scale 1:1 000 000
Fig.1.General scheme of the test-site
I,II,III - control points
Ill ___ _
Fig.2. Field of control points
I
j
Fig.). Second control point: 1-basic photometric
fields,2-radial ground targets.
156