Borders, Boundaries, and Peace 2013, UW-Milwaukee
PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS
FACULTY AND PROFESSIONAL PAPERS
Ali Abootalebi, Professor, Middle Eastern and Global Politics, UW-Eau Claire
The United States and the Arab Awakening:
Clashing Cultures or Interests? The supposed
‘Muslim rage’ over You Tube trailer in September 2012,
insulting Prophet Muhammad and Islam and the
subsequent further publications portrays Islam as
medieval and intolerant and Muslims as angry and
violent. The paper will first reject Muslim reaction to the
insult as a cultural phenomenon and will show how such
arguments are based on unfounded assumptions
contrary to academic findings. The paper will then
critically examine the U.S. policy response to the
September 11, 2001 attacks and the ‘Arab Spring’ since
2011 and will show that the U.S. MENA policy is the
main culprit in instigating anger across Muslim world.
The United States’ MENA policy is still based on cold
war assumptions and objectives and remains contingent
upon the continuation of its cold war objectives:
stability, unhindered flow of oil, and the security of
Israel. This is in spite of a declared policy of support for
democracy in the Arab world.
Ellen Amster, Associate Professor, History, UW-Milwaukee
AIDS and Peacebuilding in North Africa: Bodies
and Bodies Politic. In his lectures, Michel Foucault
elaborated what he called “biopolitics,” the systems of
power that modern, liberal state regimes have deployed
to manage their citizenries as biological entities.
Through law, education, and public health, Foucault
argues that the body becomes the locus of modern state
power. But epidemiological realities in North Africa
suggest instead a body that subverts state boundaries—
and passes in and out of systems of control. This is not
only through actually crossing state lines—for example,
with the illegal immigration of sub-Saharan Africans to
Morocco, but the biological nature of human bodies and
contagion itself. AIDS prevalence in Morocco is
globally quite low (0.5%) but the “key” populations
(truck drivers, prostitutes, IV drug users, MSM) already
have high rates of infection. Global pandemics like
AIDS are forcing a rethinking of biomedical responses,
of the boundaries between classes, genders, nations, and
generations, and a re-conceptualization of the body
politic in Africa. In nineteenth-century Europe,
contagious disease forced the creation of urban water
systems and the building of housing for the poor. This
paper considers how the AIDS pandemic in Morocco is
forcing new political and legal reforms in Morocco and
is giving rise to a new, transnational, and cooperative
network of medical NGOs from Morocco to France to
sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS has already necessitated
cooperation between doctors in Israel, Jordan, and
Iran—here we consider the creation of a new
international order in Africa that stretches across
national boundaries.
Jacques du Plessis, Associate Professor, Information Studies, UW-Milwaukee
South Africa: Fault Lines and Borders – The Roles
of Power and Poverty. The historical perspective of
conflict in South Africa predates the arrival of
Europeans and Asians on the subcontinent, with
Mfecane (the crushing) as ethnic groups decimated
others. In the mid-1800s, the white man’s trek into the
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hinterland led to conflict and suppression of local tribes,
followed by the British subjecting both the Afrikaner
and the Black tribes to the crown. The past century saw
the rise of African nationalism, the struggle for equality
and freedom, with every country in Africa gaining
independence, and South Africa becoming a multi-racial
democracy. The post-apartheid South Africa faces
serious challenges. It has a persisting disparity between
incomes of White and Black, and poverty continuing to
grow amongst Black and White. HIV infection rates are
the highest in the world, and the country’s dropping on
the corruption index from the 21st place in 1995 to 64th
place in 2011. Attacks and murders on farmers is a
horrible reality. The country has seen an influx of
millions of illegal immigrants with virtually no ability to
control the influx across the borders. The governing
ANC party dominates, yet it is imploding due to graft
and corruption and South Africa is among the top four
countries facing a brain drain. The paper will explore the
critical need for peace building and vital options to
pursue to avoid an internal collapse of law and order, as
recently seen when police shot over a 100 miners, killing
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Sara Foust Vinson, Assistant Professor, English, Cardinal Stritch University
Peaceful Transgression: Personal and National
Boundaries in
Barbara Kingsolver’s The
Poisonwood Bible. Intent on exposing American
complicity in the exploitation of other countries and
finding some form of redemption and peace, Barbara
Kingsolver uses her 1998 novel, The Poisonwood Bible, to
tell the story of five women, the wife and four daughters
of a white American missionary, Nathan Price, who
takes his family to the Belgian Congo in 1959. Their
stories portray the negative and very personal effects of
patriarchy on the women by focusing on the
relationship between Price and his family, but,
interestingly, their family dynamics serve as a
microcosmic example of oppression set within the larger
political events occurring at the time, including the
Congo’s struggle to gain independence from Belgium
and the assassination of Patrice Lumumba. At least to
some degree, Kingsolver’s novel advocates for clear
boundaries between nation-states and peoples. Still, as
she recognizes such boundaries have been (and will
continue to be) breached, there is a necessity to find
peaceful ways to interact and to locate methods to
overcome such histories of traumatic colonization both
on the side of the oppressed and the oppressor, the
transgressed and the transgressor. As adults, the Price
daughters must find ways to navigate through and make
meaning of their oppressive pasts, and, I argue, they do
so through sharing their memories and stories.
Moreover, it is through their personal, familial example
that Kingsolver proposes a model for healing at the
national level—one based in the power of interpersonal
memories and story to transgress boundaries in peaceful
ways, while also maintaining important boundaries of
difference.
Margie Franzen, Medical Interpreter and Specialty Translator, Independent Researcher
Lynn Van Airsdale, Acupuncturist, Independent Researcher
"Intercourse":
Encouraging Interprofessional
Dialogue and Collaboration. Models of care for
pregnant women have historically described themselves
in polarizing terms. Historian Judith Leavitt (1986)
writes of two camps: "the 'brought to bed' in her own
home to birth" and another, "drugged and 'alone among
strangers' in an impersonal hospital" (p. 196). Beyond
the physical dichotomy of home and hospital, popular
texts and academic studies continue with divisive
rhetoric of either/or and persecution/revolution when
discussing women’s options for maternity care. Our
paper defines peace as a place of intersecting boundaries
from which professionals view their roles as
complementary instead of oppositional. Our paper
rethinks the productivity of social/professional
relationship to answer the questions: How do social
encounters foster professional connection? To what
extent can individuals see themselves as part of a Yin2
yang system of collaborative health conducive to
referrals and cooperation? "Intercourse", a series of
semi-facilitated dinner discussions organized for birth
professionals and based in Madison, Wisconsin, is a
forum for such peace-building. At an "Intercourse"
dinner, participants are openly invited to offer stories
from their professional life and to listen without
defensively "saving-face". For the conference
"Boundaries, Borders, and Peace", we describe the role
of mediated storytelling through "intercourse". We
review academic definitions of interprofessional peace
and relate principles of interprofessional relations and
adult education to the discursive format of
"Intercourse". We close with further initiatives to
negotiate interprofessional boundaries and with directly
relevant applications for academics and students alike.
Michael A. Ketterhagen, Associate Professor of Theology, Marian University
Jesus of Nazareth’s Holistic approach to
Nonviolence. Was Jesus of Nazareth a spiritual or
political Messiah? This is oftentimes a dispute even
within the confines of Christianity. It depends on the
lens that the researcher uses to examine his life and
words. Looking through the Mystical Traditions lens of
Judaism presents a very different picture of the non-
violent Jesus than when one looks through the social
activist lens. One presents the non-violent
contemplative Jesus and the other presents the
insurgent, confrontative Jesus.
This presentation
examines both lenses and proposes a holistic approach
to non-violence for today’s peacemakers.
Kristin Pitt, Associate Professor, Comparative Literature, UW-Milwaukee
Peace and Terror: Sin Nombre and the Journey to
the Border. Cary Fukunaga’s 2009 film Sin Nombre
follows a family from Tegucigalpa as they try to reach
the southern border of the United States by walking
across Honduras and Guatemala and then riding atop
Mexican freight trains. Fukunaga’s narrative draws
repeated attention to the different forms of political,
social and psychological terror that render the migrants
strikingly vulnerable. After leaving their Central
American homes for political or economic reasons, they
are at different points physically and sexually assaulted,
robbed, drenched in downpours, pelted by rocks thrown
by children along the tracks, threatened by gang
members, and pursued by Mexican immigration
authorities. The two central protagonists undertake this
journey and the risks associated with it to cross the
U.S./Mexico border, a boundary that promises a
measure of both freedom and peace for them both.
However, it also directly and indirectly leads to much of
the terror that they experience. This paper explores
Fukunaga’s representation of the border and the
migration it inspires by examining the ways in which
border-crossings, deportations, and political divides
along both the northern and southern borders of
Mexico offer tantalizing prospects of peace and stability
as well as violently disruptive forms of personal and
political terror. What are the sources of the terrors that
the migrants experience and of those that they inspire?
In what ways are these forms of terror related, and in
what ways do counter-terror policies reproduce the
same practices they seek to eliminate in the name of
peace and security?
Robert Ricigliano, Director, Institute of World Affairs, UW-Milwaukee
Systemic Peacebuilding: busting conceptual and
professional boundaries. This paper examines the use
of systems thinking tools to improve the sustainability
and cost-effectiveness of peacebuilding practice.
Academics, policy makers, and practitioners have called
for more holistic approaches to peacebuilding, but have
been frustrated by the difficulty of integrating diverse
and traditionally separate areas of practice, such as
governance, human rights, security, public health,
environmental protection, economic development, and
conflict resolution. In large part, this frustration comes
from the conceptual and organizational boundaries that
divide peacebuilders who come from different academic
and professional disciplines. This paper will examine
theoretical developments in applying systems thinking
to peacebuilding, particularly systems mapping of
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conflict-affected societies. Case study examples will
draw on the author’s experience with initiatives,
sponsored by the US Department of Defense, US
Agency for International Development, and the US
Department of State which used systems mapping and
planning to improve coordination across the US
government in conflict-affected states. The paper
incorporates insights from the new book, Making Peace
Last (Ricigliano 2012).
Aaron Schutz, Associate Professor, Ed. Policy and Community Studies, UW-Milwaukee
Between “Public” and “Private” in Community
Organizing: Power and Trust in the Civic Realm.
Community organizers often make a strict distinction
between “public” and “private” relationships. In the
ideal, they argue, the public realm is the space of power
and inequality. Public relationships are driven by selfinterest, demand accountability, and lack safety. Private
relationships, in contrast, are generally characterized by
loyalty, permanence, and relative safety. Organizers
acknowledge that private relationships often do not
partake of this ideal. But they are teaching a different
lesson than “second wave” feminists. They argue, for
example, that people who misunderstand this distinction
are often manipulated by public officials who try to fool
them into treating relationships with them as
“private.” In this talk I will discuss what I call the “civic”
realm, a space which partakes of both kinds of
characteristics, where citizens learn to transition
between these two realms. Drawing on work about
“free spaces” (e.g., Evans and Boyte, 1992) and “hidden
transcripts of resistance” (Scott, 1992), I argue that the
civic is a place where one can be prepared to, and as a
group can prepare for, entry into the conflictual, unsafe
space of the public. And I raise concerns about the
limits of most “civic” spaces in America, which operate
as the “end goal” of civic engagement instead of as
transitional, preparatory spaces for engagement with
power.
Penny Seymoure, Associate Professor, Psychology & Neuroscience, Carthage College
Cultural Conflict Over the Psychological Constructs
of Borders and Boundaries. Psychological
characterizations of the concepts of “border” and
“boundary” can differ between and within ethnic groups
residing in close proximity and the state in which they
reside. This paper examines a reoccurring conflict
fostered by divergent conceptions of these words,
leading to disagreements within the Mbya Guaraní
community of Yryapú, between Yryapú and the nonindigenous community of Puerto Iguazú, and with the
government of Misiones Province, Argentina. In 2003
the provincial government deeded to the city of Puerto
Iguazú land used by the community of Yryapú. This
resulted in eviction of the residents, creating internal
and external conflicts that were partially resolved after
international protests pressured the provincial
government into returning a portion of the land to
Yryapú. Conflicts within the indigenous community
created contentious divisions in leadership, resulting in
half of the residents moving to the nearby community
of Fortin Mbororé or to Brazil. The movement of 200300 people into Fortin Mbororé, already at high
population density, created strains between the two
Mbya villages. Recently internal conflicts in Yryapú
have reemerged over the daily presence of outsiders,
including residents of Puerto Iguazú and business
interns from Canada who work in an indigenous
tourism training school built in Yryapú in 2006. These
outsiders were viewed as violating psychological borders
and boundaries that the Mbya construct between
themselves and outsiders by a large number of residents
of Yryapú, leading to a serious public rift and the
physical separation of land and families from Yryapú
into the new community of Jasy Pora.
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Grant J. Silva, Associate Professor, Philosophy, Marquette University
The
Militarization
of
National
Borders:
Immigration, War and the Creation of Internal
Divisions. Building from the work of Étienne Balibar
(among others), this essay explores the increasing
militarization of borders throughout the world. Typical
justifications for increased militarization highlight the
problems created by the drug trade, undocumented
immigration and even terrorism. Militarization generates
an atmosphere where “outsiders” are viewed as threats
to the national security of the state or even the historical
trajectory of the nation. A distinction thus arises
between “enemies” (those on the outside) and “friends”
(those on the inside). The problem this paper is
concerned with is the ways in which the increasing
militarization of borders blurs the line between “enemy”
and “stranger”—those members of the nation who look,
act or speak like enemies are assumed to be a similar
threat. For many citizens of Hispanic descent in the
United States the shift from a culturally different “other”
to enemy is part of the anti-immigrant sentiment
sweeping the United States. The militarization of
borders, in this case, creates conditions antithetical to
peace by fostering divisions amongst the nation itself.
Almost every border in existence is the remnant of
colonial, imperial projects or war. Nonetheless, absent a
world government, in a world of political communities
borders provide the preconditions for state sovereignty.
This paper thus provides a theoretical account for the
need for borders despite their arbitrary reality and
tendency to create novel conditions of war. More to
point, this paper rethinks the nature of political
boundaries in such a way as to curb the tendency for
oppressive social dynamics like that mentioned above.
Erin N. Winkler, Associate Professor, Africology, UW-Milwaukee
Protected but Confined? Racialized Boundaries,
Mobility, and Children’s Racial Learning. In an
American society increasingly diverse, and at the same
time increasingly segregated, the signals children receive
about race are more confusing than ever. In this context,
how do African American children learn about race?
How do they negotiate the various messages they
receive? How do they process, rearticulate, and make
meaning of them? Using qualitative data from fortyseven in-depth interviews with an economically diverse
group of African American middle schoolers and their
mothers in Detroit, Michigan, I argue that place and
plays a central role in shaping children’s racial identities
and ideas. For the children in this study, racialized
boundaries play a specific role: through negotiating such
boundaries, children develop ideas about race, belonging,
behavior, material space, access, inequity, and power. In
this paper, I present evidence that racialized boundaries
directly and indirectly shape children’s racial learning. I
do so firth by examining the children’s pattern of
evoking travel outside of Detroit when discussing
understandings of race and racism. The children in this
study learn directly from their own experiences with the
racialization of space and the literal and figurative
policing of the boundaries between those spaces that
racism puts limits on their options and mobility. Second,
I examine their mothers’ universal view of place as their
“partner” in teaching their children about race and
racism—sometimes as positive partner and sometimes
as a negative partner, depending upon on which side of
the racialized borders they find themselves.
Lynne M. Woehrle, Professor, Sociology, Mount Mary College
Patrick G. Coy, Professor, Political Science, Kent State University
Greg M. Maney, Associate Professor, Sociology, Hofstra University
Civil Society Challenges in Applied Peacebuilding:
Intersectionality Praxis. This paper explores why both
the theories and the praxis of intersectionality are
important to consider in peacebuilding. How does using
the lenses of the disempowered and marginalized create
new opportunities for our work in resolving and
transforming conflicts into creative solutions? How
does it help us cross the boundaries created by identities
such as race, class, and gender in order to build
common solutions to social problems? What strengths
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can be created by infusing intersectionality analysis into
theories of peace praxis? To what extent do peace
movement organizations utilize discourses of
intersectionality? Three case studies of movement
organizing are presented elaborate on ideas about the
relevance and application of intersectionality to peace
praxis and social change. The case studies include the
implementation process and National Action Plan
development for the United States under Security
Council Resolution 1325, peace movement organizing in
the United States, and the movement for food justice.
Eric Yonke, International Programs Director, UW-Stevens Point
Perspectives on the Failed "Wisconsin Uprising" of
2011. This presentation examines the outpouring of
nonviolent protests around Wisconsin in 2011, as
understood from the perspectives of various peace
activists and scholars who recently published a
collection on the subject. In early 2011, Governor Scott
Walker announced a "budget repair bill" that, among
other things, gutted collective bargaining rights for most
public sector unions. Outraged citizens occupied the
state capitol for weeks in an outpouring of opposition,
the likes of which had not been seen in Wisconsin since
the protests against the war in Vietnam in the
1960s. Various recall elections were held in the summer
of 2011 (all in regard to the state senate), with another
set of elections in June 2012; among them the
governor's recall was paramount. Democrats regained
control of the senate, but Scott Walker defeated
Milwaukee mayor Tom Barrett and kept the governor's
mansion. Many Democrats were stunned by the failed
recall. How do peace activists and scholars view these
events and weigh the significance of their outcome?
STUDENT PAPERS AND POSTERS
Andrew Ademe, Carthage College
Testing the Tiebout-Tullock Hypothesis: The
Influence of Government Factors on the Migration
Propensity of Young Adults. Migration between the
borders of states allows for the dissemination of ideas
and culture, and can therefore be a vessel for tolerance
and for the promotion of peace. This study estimates
the determinants of migration, focusing specifically on
the internal migration of young adults in the United
States. The study examines the influence of individualspecific characteristics, location-specific factors, and
government amenities. Prior research uses models that
include one or two of these categories for the entirety of
the United States population, but this study weaves all
three categories into a single model in order to
understand what influences young adults to migrate.
Government amenities are of particular interest because,
ultimately, governments compete against one another
for shares of the migrating population. Young migrants
are important because the aging population of states
requires new migrants to for revenue collection and
supporting the aging population. By understanding
young adult migration, cities can construct policies to
attract this important group of migrants and retain them
in the future. Individual-specific characteristics and
location-specific factors have a statistically significant
impact on the propensity to young adults to move, while
government amenities, though statistically significant for
the entire population in other research, seems to have a
more varied effect when only young adults are studied.
Rebecca Anderson, UW-Superior
Jurisdictional Boundaries: Justice for Crimes
Against Native American and Alaskan Native
Women. Existing research on violence against Native
American and Alaska Native women cites jurisdictional
complexities as a key reason why Native American and
Alaska Native survivors are unable to receive justice.
This paper seeks to produce a comparative analysis of
the effectiveness of the Tribal Law and Order Act of
2010 and the proposed reforms in the Senate version of
the 2012 Violence Against Women Act in addressing
the problems created by jurisdictional boundaries in
protecting the human rights of Native American and
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Alaska Native women. This paper will first examine how
jurisdictional boundaries impede Native American and
Alaska Native women’s ability to pursue justice for the
crimes committed against them. The paper will then
introduce the reforms produced by the Tribal Law and
Order Act of 2010 and the proposed reforms included
in the 2012 renewal of the Violence against Women Act.
The reforms will be compared on how closely they
match with existing human rights standards ,how
directly they address the problems faced by Native
American and Alaska Native women pursuing justice,
and their attainability within the current political climate.
The paper will identify the various strengths and
weakness of each solution and areas where legislation
could be brought into greater compliance with human
rights norms. This paper provides an analysis of existing
solutions that contributes to the existing research by
evaluating their efficacy in solving the problems created
by jurisdictional boundaries. This will assist
policymakers in establishing benchmarks for future
reforms that comply with human rights norms.
Katlyn Cashman, St. Norbert College
Robert Pyne, Senior Director of Community Engagement, Norman Miller Center
The Formation and Exercise of Conscience within
a Religious Community. Whether seen from the
internal perspective of the faithful or the external
viewpoint of the secular community, religion is
unquestionably a powerful force in society. Religious
communities have used their power to make a positive
impact on countless occasions, but they have also used
this power to restrict and deny human rights in the
name of God. Unfortunately, particularly during times
of controversy, it can be difficult to identify from within
a religious community which of the two is happening.
Personal boundaries, particularly with regard to freedom
of conscience, make possible the intellectual space
necessary for critical reflection. Understanding where an
individual stops, where the community begins, and how
the two interact will preserve the individual’s identity
and the necessary freedom to remain conscientious
while still a member of the religious community. This
benefits both the individual and the religious group.
This paper will outline the formation of personal
conscience and offer suggestions to those seeking to
exercise it from within communities of faith.
Cameron Shane Clark, Carthage College
American Health Care Failures and The Affordable
Care Act. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care
Act (PPACA) has polarized Congress. Now more than
ever it seems that Republicans and Democrats are
refusing to work with each other making the divide
between the political aisle appear to be impenetrable.
This divide could potentially be healed with bi-partisan
reform of the current health care law. This would bring
about a more peaceful environment which would foster
cooperation and increased productivity. This paper
explains the opposing viewpoints on health care reform
and suggests a middle ground that is more beneficial to
the American populace and will restore meaningful
dialogue and compromise between Democrats and
Republicans. A review of market forces and failures
shows that government intervention is necessary to
control cost growth and to solve equity problems within
the system. Data was gathered from the Congressional
Budget Office to show the damaging effects of failing to
enact health care reform. However many experts in the
medical and business fields believe some provisions
within PPACA may bring about unintended negative
effects. There is no simple answer to solve the health
care woes of the United States. Reform will not fix the
system painlessly. In order to foster bi-partisan
commitment concessions must be made on both sides.
Modifications are suggested to help improve the
American approval of PPACA as a whole. Furthermore
early bi-partisan reform will help prevent potential
policy shifts should control over the government switch
parties.
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Amanda Garcia, St. Norbert College
The Indigenous Struggle: Why Rigoberta Menchu
lost the 2007 Guatemalan Presidential Election. The
purpose of this study is to identify the reasons why
Rigoberta Menchu, a Nobel Peace prize laureate and
indigenous rights activist in Guatemala, failed to win the
2007 Guatemalan Presidential Election. She was the first
female to run for presidential office in Guatemala.
Factors like her International recognition as indigenous
activist and Evo Morales’ rise to the presidency in
Bolivia as the first indigenous president seemed to give
Menchu an upper hand in the election. I hypothesize
that other factors such as gender and ethnicity, lack of
unity among indigenous groups, and in fact her
international recognition deterred her chances in the
presidential race. By following the presidential data and
articles in Nuestro Diario (Our Diary), one of the most
popular and widely read newspapers in Guatemala, I
intended to find why Rigoberta Menchu was out of the
running for the presidency after the first electoral round
with only 3% of the vote. Although Menchu (a Quiche
Indian) lost the presidency, her intention to run forever
changed the political scope in Guatemala, suggesting the
possibility for a new, non-traditional form of
government.
Kelsey Gonzalez, Brigham Young University-Hawaii
International Waters: The Unresolved Border
Dispute of Chile, Bolivia and Peru. The International
Peacebuilding Program at Brigham Young University –
Hawaii strives to teach students fundamental concepts
of international peace and war and solutions to
international conflicts. Using my knowledge and
experiences, I have chosen to do an in-depth study of
how Chile, Bolivia and Peru are coping with the
remnants of the War of the Pacific and how we may
create fundamental change between these nations to
foster diplomatic security. This paper explores history,
current conflict, and group dynamic analysis of the
dispute between these regions over the Pacific coastline
in South America. It addresses interventions and
solutions for the conflict through the theories of
conflict analysis proposed by the Arbinger Institute and
the book Social Conflict: Escalation, Stalemate, and
Settlement. The war of the Pacific was started over the
dispute of lands and access to the Pacific Ocean in 1879
and lasted until 1873 where Chile fought against Bolivia
and Peru. In 1904, the presidents of Chile and Bolivia
signed a border treaty that would last for 100 years. In
2004, both governments reinstated the treaty. Recently
the Bolivian President Evo Morales has announced that
he would take the case to the International Court of
Justice in The Hague in order to solve the case. Because
this conflict is historical yet recently unearthed I will try
to follow it as progression is made and propose a
resolution to the dispute.
Kate Marie Haapala, Carthage College
Sustainable Community Development: A Solution to
Human, Indigenous and Environmental Rights Abuses
in Ecuador. Economic development during recent
decades in Ecuador has created a situation where human,
indigenous, and environmental rights are not being
upheld and protected. In the Northeastern region of
Ecuador, a significant amount of oil development
conducted by the multinational corporation, TexacoChevron, and its Ecuadorian partner, Petro-Ecuador,
did not protect Ecuador’s environment or its indigenous
peoples. Texaco-Chevron’s oil development violates
international human, indigenous, and environmental
rights standards. This study will first examine existing
human, indigenous, and environmental rights literature
and treaties. After exploring the above literature, the
case study of Texaco-Chevron in Ecuador will be
developed. This study examines Ecuador’s indigenous
population within the Oriente region and oil
development procedures used on their ancestral lands,
and the current legal case between affected indigenous
communities within the Oriente and Texaco-Chevron.
Finally, this paper explores opportunities for affected
indigenous communities and Ecuador more generally to
apply sustainable development techniques. This paper
argues that indigenous peoples within the Oriente may
be able to protect their communities, culture, and
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ancestral land from external state and corporate
development by developing sustainable tourism and
agricultural industries. Additionally, this paper examines
opportunities that Ecuador has to promote sustainable
development for its indigenous and non-indigenous
populations through the Yasuní-ITT Initiative.
Angela Hellstrom, UW-Parkside
Analyzing
Compassionate
Communication:
Conflict Resolution Students Explore Service
Learning at a Homeless Shelter. This paper is a
student ethnography of a Service Learning Project at a
Homeless Shelter in Southeastern Wisconsin. After each
of ten sessions of leading a Conflict Resolution
Workshop, students wrote two page journal entries
detailing personal experiences with the residents. This
paper attempts to synthesize these journals, analyzing
each night’s events and relation to the goals of
empowerment, social justice, and community dialogue.
This comprehensive analysis will be shared with
community partners, the Center for Community Based
Learning, and future Conflict Analysis and Resolution
Students. As the final project for the Conflict Analysis
and Resolution Certificate at the University of
Wisconsin Parkside, students entered the Homeless
Assistance and Leadership Organization (HALO) in
Racine, WI to teach a workshop in conflict resolution.
Working hand in hand with the residents of the shelter,
students broke down the barriers of “privileged verses
disadvantaged,” “educated verses uneducated,” and
“naïve verses experienced.” The students used group
discussion and role play to explore socially relevant
conflicts. Each night consisted of warm up games, goal
setting, a mixture of large and small group discussion,
and role play. Goals for the sessions included learning
about conflict styles, listening skills, assertiveness, and
empathy. Students planned activities to integrate these
goals, truly utilizing student capacities. Through these
sessions students also practiced three theoretical goals.
Students empowered residents to identify their goals,
acknowledging strengths and weaknesses, using these to
manage conflict effectively. Through an open dialogue,
students
created
opportunities
for
respect,
understanding, and compassion within the sessions.
This fostered a supportive environment where
community members could transform relationships
characterized by indifference and aggression into
relationships characterized by mutual appreciation and
empathy.
Fnu Ilham, Madison College
Bajapuik
Tradition in Marriage System: A
Discrimination toward Women. Bajapuik is a unique
tradition in the marriage ceremony procession of people
from Minang ethnic group in Pariaman, a small town in
West Sumatera, Indonesia. It requires the bride fiancée
to fulfill uang japuik, a sum amount of money or valuable
things that is used as dowry to welcome the groom to
the woman’s house and family. The Minang people have
a matrilineal system that follows the mother’s descent.
In practice, this tradition, which only occurs in Pariaman,
be fulfilled. This tradition becomes a dilemma in the
society. On the one side, it is an identity and tradition of
the Minang people that is closely related to self-esteem,
prestige, and kinship. It has to continue to maintain the
integrity of social groups, families, even ethnic groups.
has been many years applied by the majority of Minang
people in Pariaman. The primary purpose of this
proposal is to explain the Bajapuik tradition in Pariaman
society and describe social problems that arise among
society, such as conflict, disharmony among families,
and discrimination toward women. In the past, this
tradition was based on men’s social status of nobility.
Now, it has evolved. Now, things like job position and
educational degrees influence the amount of uang japuik.
The higher the social status held, the more money must
On the other hand, it harms and subordinates women in
the society. The implementation of the Bajapuik
tradition shows that men have a superior benefit while
women undergo suppression toward their rights in the
society.
9
Andrew Kleinke, PhD Student, English, UW-Milwaukee
Globalized Peace: The Construction of Peace
during the 2010 FIFA World Cup. In the face of
globalization, where multi-national brands become
household names to billions across the planet, how does
a global sporting event adapt to reflect the changes in
the socio-economic environment of the host-nation?
The 2010 FIFA World Cup provides an excellent
example to study the effects of how imagined cultural
boundaries are supposedly broken down in order to
present a particular image to a global audience. At the
same time FIFA and South Africa attempt to present a
façade of peace and harmony in the “Rainbow Nation,”
there is also the marginalized voice of the country’s
displaced poor crying out for help. Throughout my
paper, I intend to discuss and analyze how, with the first
ever World Cup games held in South Africa, FIFA
attempted to ameliorate much of South Africa’s
troubling past and present. At the same time, I also want
to draw attention to how FIFA’s global brand posits
itself as a non-political entity that supersedes
contentious issues, while at the same time consumes
billions in government and private spending. This
border between the façade of the 2010 FIFA World
Cup and the ambivalence to South Africa’s poorest
citizens presents a troubled idea of peace. Is peace as
easily obtained by hosting a global sporting event? Is
peace ever truly achieved in a modern, global capitalistic
society or is it merely a marketing tool used to sell
tickets and merchandise?
Emily Landberg, Carthage College
Palestinian Refugees: Internal Policies in Jordan
and Lebanon. The purpose of this paper is to
investigate the affects the Palestinian refugee population
has on countries which host a high percentage of this
refugee population. In the past, these Palestinian
refugees have acted as a destabilizing force in the
countries, which they inhabit, contributing to internal
conflict and civil strife. Attention will be paid to two
countries in particular, Jordan and Lebanon. Both of
these countries host a large percentage of Palestinian
refugees. Jordanian policy will be used as a model for
Lebanon in terms of how to address such a significant
population and transition from internal tension to a
stable peace. First to be examined will be the formation
of the unique Palestinian national identity, which has
been cemented in the years following Palestinians
expulsion from their homeland. Next, Jordanian policy
will be examined in regards to how the country handled
initial instability following the influx of refugees, but has
now created a stable state amongst both Jordanians and
Palestinians. Following this, the past and present state
of Lebanon will be examined. Palestinian contribution
to the destabilization of the state will be evaluated, with
detail given to the lengthy civil war, which ravaged
Lebanon. Finally, prospects for a stable Lebanon will
be examined based on the Jordanian policy model.
Valerie Joan Landowski, UW-Stevens Point
The Spark: Growing Islamist Movements in
Morocco and Their Effects on Women Politically
and Socially. This research focuses on growing Islamist
movements within Morocco and the role women play in
these movements. I argue that in the wake of the earthshattering May 16, 2003 Casablanca bombing,
inadvertently many Islamist groups gained a new
platform to spread their doctrines. Most Islamist
movements have distanced themselves from the first
terrorist attack on Moroccan soil; however several
extremist splinter groups have formed under the guise
of a budding democracy. This research emphasizes three
key types of Islamist movements within Morocco: those
which act as a social movement seeking no political
involvement, those who focus on political involvement
and challenging the monarchy, and small splinter groups
which use violence to achieve their goals. In a country
where there is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy
and the king draws his legitimacy from the Quran, even
before the rise of modern Islamist movements, religion
was infused in Moroccan politics. Recently, women's
issues have been highly debated, especially among
10
Islamist groups. These topics include: the controversial
debate over the Moudawana, or reforms to Morocco's
family code and the role of Islam in government and
society. Another area of contention has been the role of
the monarch as "Commander of the Faithful," a term
which many Islamist organizations openly reject. By
examining the role of Islamist movements prior to the
Casablanca bombing, and looking at the progress made
by Islamist groups in recent years, I draw slight
conclusions as to what the future might look like for
Morocco's Islamist movements.
Shelby Marie Langreck, UW-Stevens Point
President Obama’s Changes to Drone Warfare
Tactics and Potential Changes in the Future. I am
currently researching the implications of the impacts of
drone warfare, the policies in place for when drones are
utilized, how this has changed from the past usage of
drone (deadly and non-deadly), and whether changes in
leadership and writing a formal rule book on drone
usage have the potential to take the United States
toward a more or less peaceful future. I intend to focus
in on the latter part, discussing the longstanding
tensions that have existed within the administration
despite the prevalent use of drones and how predicted
candidates for Petraeus’s slot will change the current
status quo or have an effect of continuity. Especially in
this section I will reflect on how other countries view
current American usage of drones as illegitimate and
equating to the level of a war crime.
Sylvia Lim, Madison College
The use of storytelling for children to overcome
racism in Indonesia. Chinese descendants in
Indonesia have suffered discrimination and violence for
hundreds of years. In fact, racism was a part of the
“divide and rule" policy created by the Dutch colonial
rulers to prevent united resistance against the colonial
power. But after Indonesia's Independence Day, racism
still remained. In 1965, Chinese-Indonesians were
suspected of having ties to the Communist Party. This
resulted in a massacre. Decades later, in 1998, a horrible
riot broke out in Jakarta in which Chinese shops were
looted and burned. Many Chinese women were also
reported have been raped at that time. After 1998, the
change in political system provided a fresh opportunity
for Chinese descendants to speak up about their rights
as Indonesian citizens. This racial problem stems from
both native Indonesians and Chinese people alike. The
Chinese people themselves, who are often seen as being
exclusive, are unwilling to mix with other ethnic groups.
The social gap between the rich and poor also sows
seeds of social jealousy within the society. To overcome
racism is not easy, but it is also possible to achieve. This
presentation aims to discuss how storytelling can play a
role in combating racism at a young student level. For
example: published children books about friendship and
differences to educate children about cultural
differences. The fight against racism could start in
schools because education is one of the important key
to change the future generation.
Jessica Mirkes, PhD Student, Africology, UW-Milwaukee
Transcending Religious Differences: How the
Women of Liberia Ended Their Nation’s Bloody
Civil War. Throughout the 1990s, Liberia faced
insurrections from various rebel groups who attempted
to overthrow then-president Charles Taylor’s regime.
The insurrections continued into the following decade,
plunging the nation into a bloody civil war. Taylor’s
government was Christian-based and steeped in the
belief that his power was God-given. The leading rebel
group, Liberians United for Reconciliation and
Democracy (LURD), was primarily Muslim, thus
dividing the country not only along political and ethnic
differences but religious as well. This paper aims to
discuss how the women of Liberia transcended their
religious differences and attempted to bring peace
through civil disobedience. This paper will investigate
the various non-violent methods used by the women
(such as the sex strike) and examine the success and
failures of these methods. The paper will engage the
feminist lens and standpoint theory by employing first11
hand accounts of the participants in order to let the
women tell their own story. This study on the Liberian
women’s peace movement is important and should be
discussed because it is often men who wage war but
cannot always bring lasting peace. Women continue to
be marginalized in many societies and their voices are
silenced. The women of Liberia broke down religious
and ethnic boundaries to come together for a common
goal: peace. This case study can be example for other
nations engaged in war but also is an important
reminder that women must be part of the peace making
process.
Brian Mueller, PhD Student, History, UW-Milwaukee
Disarmament Without Borders: Arthur Waskow’s
Exploration of Strategies for a World Police Force.
Calls for the creation of international institutions to
bring about more peaceful relations between the nations
across the globe flourished between the formation of
the League of Nations and the development of the
United Nations. As the Cold War intensified, however,
such appeals became less popular as nationalism and
anti-Soviet feelings prevented worldwide cooperation.
While plans for international institutions fell out of
favor, Arthur Waskow proposed a strategy for
disarmament that involved the development of a world
police force. Waskow received his Ph.D. in history
from the University of Wisconsin and, after working as
an aide to Wisconsin congressman Robert Kastenmeier,
he helped form the Institute for Policy Studies (IPS) in
Washington D.C. As a fellow at IPS, Waskow
influenced congressmen and students associated with
the New Left. Realizing that international institutions
no longer proved feasible, Waskow offered an
alternative plan that involved the formation of a “policeonly” international institution to preserve a disarmed
world. Such an international police force would be
acceptable to all nations, Waskow argued, because it
would act using “graduated deterrents” in which each
step required widespread consensus. The police force,
furthermore, would be composed of citizens from all
nations, thereby making the force less ideological. The
existence of an international police force, Waskow
suggested, would persuade nations to find alternative
means to achieving their national interests, such as
through the use of “non-lethal equivalents of war.”
These “non-lethal equivalents” included the use of
economic persuasion and propaganda.
Catlyn Origitano, PhD Student, Philosophy, Marquette University
Cultivating Imaginative Citizens: Memorials’ Role
in Peace building. Throughout the history of ethics
the idea that we are creatures with a rational side and an
entirely different non-rational side has been pervasive.
Along with this dual aspect has been the prescription
that, because these two natures are in competition,
reason must prevail. Recently, such division has been
questioned and instead that this non-rational side,
specifically our capacity for imagination, is actually
central to our ability to morally deliberate. I will outline
the prevalent role of imagination within our moral lives
and focus on a specific imaginative device: narrative.
Because narratives are crucial to our moral deliberations,
it has been argued by philosophers and cognitive
scientists that consuming fictional narratives can train
for future moral activity. I will explore this thesis and
argue that imagination and narratives can be
instrumental in keeping peace insofar as they can be
incorporated into public memorials. Specifically, I will
focus on memorials’ ability to offer a multi-perspectival
perspective narrative. I argue that in order to truly
prevent future atrocities from occurring we must
understand the perspective of all agents involved (victim,
perpetrator and bystander), which requires imagination,
and craft a narrative that is not limited by a single
perspective. Ultimately, I argue that in order to prevent
future atrocities we must focus on cultivating
imaginative citizens and suggest that we can do so
through public memorials.
12
Victoria Overbee-Williams, UW-Whitewater
Human Rights of Women in Saudi Arabia. This
project will examine Human Rights of women in Saudi
Arabia and the role performed by the Wahhabi
expression of Islam as a determining factor in the
current status of women in the Kingdom. This paper
attempts to locate the origin or the foundation for the
denial of social and political rights of women in the
Kingdom as well as promote a greater understanding
both of the Islamic religion as well as the contemporary
status of women in country. Additionally, the paper
posits that the lack of women’s rights in Saudi Arabia is
neither found in Wahhabi Islam as articulated by Ibn alWahhab himself nor Islam as expressed by the Prophet
Muhammad. Rather, the status of women in Saudi
Arabia today is best explained by cultural dogma found
in the tradition of a patriarchal society and the evolution
of religion over time according to politics, geography
and social construct. The unique situation of Islam in
the Kingdom makes it a perfect vehicle to achieve the
desires of a patriarchal society through religious
evolution where women’s rights are concerned.
Charmane Perry, PhD Student, Africology, UW-Milwaukee
Erasing the Border that Divides Us: Healing,
Dialogue, and Peace in Hispaniola. In 1697, the
Treaty of Ryswick officially recognized and ceded the
western third of the island of Hispaniola to France.
Hispaniola is the only island in the Caribbean shared by
two countries. The border, a social construction created
due to colonialism, has historically been porous as well
as a site of contention for the Dominican Republic as
they sought to nationally, culturally, and racially separate
themselves from Haiti. Thus, the factors which created
and sustain conflict and prevent peacemaking are
historically rooted in the institution of colonialism and
other related socially constructed ideas of identity. In
the twenty-first century, both countries are economically
poor and classified as underdeveloped. If remnants
from the colonial institution are the basis of conflict
between the two countries, it is worthwhile to
investigate, examine, and analyze how healing, dialogue,
and resolution can begin to lead the steps towards peace.
Factors from colonialism such as antihaitianismo (hatred
against Haitians in the Dominican Republic) and
psychological oppression only seek to aid in the
continual oppression of both countries.
This
oppression (which is rooted in the social structure)
comes at the expense of the poor and maintains the
hegemony of the elite. If there is healing and
understanding, the economically poor of both nations
can benefit. Thus, this paper seeks to examine what are
the ways in which healing and dialogue between Haiti
and the Dominican Republic can lead to peace and aid
in the psychological and material development of the
island as a whole.
Connor Romenesko, St. Norbert College
Robert Pyne, Senior Director of Community Engagement, Norman Miller Center
A Realistic View of Peace in South Africa. As the
twenty-year anniversary of the end of apartheid in South
Africa approaches, this paper investigates the state of
post-apartheid peace in South Africa. Apartheid ended
in 1994, but several recent incidents involving miners in
South Africa evidence continuing unrest and income
disparity. Other events and socio-economic measures,
likewise, indicate a lack of social progress. Some have
even referred to the current climate as “economic
apartheid.” Based on a broad understanding of peace as
human flourishing, this paper will use data from the
Institute for Justice and Reconciliation’s Transformation
Audits to assess the progress of the country toward
economic and social well-being. This paper will move
on to offer possible pathways for peace in postapartheid South Africa.
13
Rachel Schindler and Kaylee Beck, St. Norbert College
Implementing the Millennium Development Goals:
the Interrelationship between Education and
Maternal Health. The Millennium Development Goals
were created by the United Nations in 2000 to address
eight of the greatest current needs in our world. These
eight goals are separately defined and measured - giving
the impression that borders exist between each of these
categories. However, as this paper will illustrate, there
are not distinct boundaries between each goal. Instead,
they are all interrelated; improving one will surely impact
another. A country must focus on meeting all goals
instead of just one to be successful by UN standards.
This paper will then focus specifically on the interaction
between Goal 2 and Goal 5 of the Millennium
Development Goals. The relationship between
implementing basic education and improving maternal
health is correlative; a positive feedback cycle arises with
the interactions of bettered health and education. In
order to achieve all eight goals, targeted countries must
understand the interrelatedness of each goal instead of
viewing them as independent of each other.
Cassandra Steiner, UW-Whitewater
Ghana’s Human Rights Abuses: Electronic Waste
Dumps. This paper examines the human rights abuses
involved with electronic waste dumps in Ghana. This
paper will explain the situation that is occurring in
Ghana and how it is an abuse to many different human
rights. Furthermore, it also examines the issue from a
holistic approach, taking into account the humanenvironmental interactions, cultural norms, political
regulations, and problems in the economic systems in
both Ghana and in the countries that produce the waste,
especially the United States. Each of these areas
interplays with one another and with the main issue
itself; they contribute to the waste dumps, the waste
dumps impact each of these areas, and each of these
areas has a need for change in order to improve the
human rights of all involved in the process of creating
and utilizing electronic waste dumps. Throughout this
paper, many different forms of research are utilized
including news documentaries, scholarly journals, and
statistical findings. They are used in order to draw
conclusions and create solutions that may improve the
way in which electronic waste is disposed.
Rebecca Thompson, Mount Mary College
Breaking Boundaries: Peaceful Process of Creating
Environmentally Friendly Art. Boundaries by
definition are limits and can be implied, physical, or
internal. However, it is my position that boundaries
allow for fixed mindsets that stifle our creative potential.
I believe our current society feels a need to meet
standards. The standards of excessive wants and of
immediate consumer-based gratification create pressure
on us, whether we know it or not. The pressure, both
internal and external, to stay within these limits creates
stress. Stress plays a negative role on our health; mind,
body, spirit, and by default, the environment. In April,
2012 the APA stated that “50% of Americans feel their
stress has increased over the past five years.” So how do
we repair this growing epidemic? I say break the
boundaries and snap the standards! I drew from my
experiences as a parent, as a caregiver, and as an
undergraduate art therapy student when I created
“D.R.E.A.M.”. “D.R.E.A.M.” is a process of building
inner peace while creating environmentally friendly art.
It is not “therapy”, however, can be adapted to fit
almost any demographic. “D.R.E.A.M.” stands for
decluttering, reflecting, establishing, associating and
meditating. Through my presentation I will illustrate
how this process not only has positive effects on us as
individuals, but on the community, and on the
surrounding environment. Each of us possess an
immeasurable amount of creativity which provides the
groundwork to establish a promising future for humans
and the environment alike.
14
Demetri Vincze, Carthage College
Residential Segregation in the United States: Racial
Zoning, City Planning, and Suburban Exclusion.
While racial residential segregation in many of America’s
largest cities is approaching levels seen in apartheid
South Africa, not enough is done to understand and
combat this problem. This essay traces the public and
private institutionalization of racial residential
segregation from the late 19th century to the present day.
The movement to erect borders preventing black
residential expansion was coupled with a warlike
response in whites made manifest in language, retreat,
and violence. The essay argues that the social cost of
this unrest triggered a shift to institutional segregation.
To maintain the racial status quo, powerful whites
implemented racial zoning and restrictive covenants in
the early 1900’s, and shortly thereafter devised
comprehensive, legally defensible city plans designed to
maintain segregation. As the mechanisms of racial
residential segregation evolve to become more ingenious
and intractable, the negative social, economic, and
political implications of segregation continue to persist.
By concentrating poverty in largely minority
neighborhoods, residential segregation also increases the
risk of crime in these areas. This study utilizes a case
study approach to the institutionalization of racial
residential segregation in the United States. Using a
structured, focused comparison of two cities that differ
with regards to their public segregation strategies, this
analysis will argue that public institutions were better
able than private institutions to persist under the ‘equal
rights’ regime created by the response of the federal
government to the Civil Rights movement.
Marisola Xhelili, PhD Student, Philosophy, Marquette University
Post-Independence Kosovo: From Prescriptive to
Descriptive Identities. The aim of this study was to
uncover the existence, or possibility of, a concrete
Kosovar identity in today’s Kosovo. I intend to discuss
the role personal experience plays in confirming or
challenging one’s identity, and in this light show how
the memories and personal experiences of Kosovo
Serbs and Albanians endorse their ethnically-based
interactions. I explore the possibility of creating a
common national identity between groups with distinct
ethnic identities, and aim to show that identity is fluid,
multi-layered, and although tightly bound to history and
experience, able to be unpacked and negotiated. There is
no clear sense of what a Kosovar identity means for the
people of Kosovo at this time. Individual narratives and
symbols demonstrate continued strong affiliation with
their separate ethnic identities, which are seldom
contested due to significant geographical, educational,
and linguistic divisions. Between Serbs and Albanians in
Kosovo, ethnic identity is much more central than a
shared national identity. For Kosovo Serbs, being
Serbian and Orthodox is much more fundamental to
their identity than being Kosovar. Kosovo Albanians
seem more open to the possibility of a shared Kosovar
identity, but only contingent upon Serbia’s recognition
of Kosovo’s independence and the participation of
Serbs in Kosovo’s social and political institutions. Thus,
there does exist an opportunity for two ethnicities who
have suffered in war to re-think their individual
identities and reconstruct a common disposition,
however small. Nevertheless, before a truly “Kosovar”
national identity can take hold in Kosovo, the process of
restoring trust on the community level must progress
further.
FACULTY ROUNDTABLES
Deborah Buffton, Professor, History, UW-La Crosse
Khalil (Haji) Dokhanchi, Professor, Political Science, UW-Superior
Jeffrey Roberg, Professor, Political Science, Carthage College
Human Rights: How Do We Get Beyond a Good
Idea? Three faculty members propose to conduct a
round table discussion in which we consider questions
related to the development of human rights agreements
and their practical implications. We will start with
Human Rights agreements that were developed since
15
1945 considering their intent and the degree to which
they may or may not be valuable and enforceable today.
This will include a discussion of the question of how we
define success as well as specific case studies where a
particular human rights agreement worked or did not
work to protect or enhance human rights. Another
aspect of this will be the historical perspective--do we
do a better or worse job of protecting human rights
today than in the past. We will also consider the ways
we teach about human rights in our classrooms and how
we present these issues to our students. Because this is
a proposal for a round table, we will prepare questions
designed to involve the audience in the discussion.
Anne Dressel, Director, Center for Global Health Equity, UW-Milwaukee
Penninah Kako, Assistant Professor, Nursing, UW-Milwaukee
Lucy Mkandawire-Valhmu, Associate Professor, Nursing, UW-Milwaukee
Patricia Stevens, Professor, Nursing, UW-Milwaukee
Socioeconomic Constraints, Gender Disparities,
and Women's Empowerment: The Experience of
HIV Positive Women in Rural Malawi and Kenya.
This roundtable discussion will examine the everyday
lives of HIV-positive women living in rural Malawi and
rural Kenya, who are bounded by socioeconomic
constraints and gender disparities that impact their
ability to access and adhere to treatment for the disease.
This project supports the U.N. Millennium
Development Goals which promote gender equality, the
improvement of children's and maternal health; the
reversal of the spread of HIV/AIDS, and serves as an
example of a true global partnership. Ensuring the
health and safety of women and children is necessary to
create an environment that embraces peace. The
discussion will draw on fieldwork that has been ongoing
since 2005 by the roundtable participants, who have
interviewed and conducted focus groups with poor,
rural women, in Malawi and Kenya, who are HIVpositive. Several themes have emerged from the
fieldwork, which will be used as the basis for the
roundtable discussion. These include: resiliency; the
development and utilization of Village Savings & Loan
groups (microfinance); women's empowerment; childheaded households; and community involvement.
Manu Sobti, Associate Professor, Architecture and Urban Planning, UW-Milwaukee
Ryan Holifield, Assistant Professor, Geography, UW-Milwaukee
Timothy Ehlinger, Associate Professor, Biological Sciences, UW-Milwaukee
Borders, Boundaries, and the Management of
Freshwater Ecosystems: A Trans-disciplinary
Comparative Framework. International borders and
subnational boundaries present peculiar challenges for
the management of freshwater ecosystems. When water
flows along a political border, efforts to address such
complex issues as water sharing, contamination, invasive
species, habitat degradation, and natural hazards can be
complicated further by the distinctive histories, cultural
traditions and perceptions, economic valuations, and
institutional structures for decision-making on either
side of the border. Drawing on research from multiple
case study sites within the purview of a transdisciplinary collaboration currently underway at the
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, the 4 papers in this
panel propose a unique framework for the comparative
analysis of international borders, subnational boundaries
and their compelling relationships to freshwater
ecosystems, especially highlighting the scenarios of
conflict created through such interactions. Three
international, trans-border case studies highlight this
research, while two US-based subnational cases studies
illustrate similar scenarios among stakeholders. The
former include the St. Mary’s River between the United
States and Canada, the River Danube straddling multiple
nations in the European heartland, and the political
machinations
surrounding
water-sharing
and
environmental degradation along the Amu Darya in
Central Asia. The latter include the Savannah River and
the Great Lakes Watershed as highlighted around the
city of Milwaukee in the United States.
16
Paper 1 (Sobti, Holifield, Ehlinger): Why
interdisciplinary: Approaching Borders, boundaries, and
Freshwater ecosystems. This preliminary paper proposes
a collective approach towards comparing the
significance of borders (both sub-national and transnational) within the area of freshwater resource
management. It proposes that understanding and
analyzing the significance of transnational borders for
conflict and integration in freshwater resource
management requires attending to differences not only
among international borderlands, but also between
international borderlands and the less obvious
“borderlands” along subnational territorial boundaries.
The three international and two US-based sites are
introduced and their contexts explained, to specifically
develop a criteria to examine the propensity, occurrence
and mitigation of conflict within these sites.
Paper 2 (Sobti): New Geographies of the Amu Darya
Borderland: History, Global Politics and Resources.
This paper examines the Amu Darya (Oxus) borderland
within the purview of Inter-Asian Contexts and
Connections. Given the contentious sharing of the Amu
Darya’s flow by the multiple Stans, in particular
Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, it is highly
likely that over the next few decades a new map of
Eurasia shall be drawn. This map shall be based on a
more holistic, socio-political and cultural understandings
inherent to this region, versus the political controls that
have traditionally defined cores and peripheries. Given
the contentious nature of resource sharing, would
Eurasia then be irreversibly bound by its riverine
geographies in how these control place and population?
In such a scenario, the artificial borders between states
would crumble, leaving only rivers, deserts, mountains
and other enduring facts of geography. Indeed, the
physical features of the Eurasian landscape may be the
only reliable guides left to understanding the shape of
this imminent future conflict, and in determining
potential ‘shatter zones’ that threaten to implode,
explode, or else maintain a fragile equilibrium. Beyond
the so-called exotic - which is how Central Asian has
been unfortunately packaged for long - the region’s
multitude of ethnically diverse cultures and peoples
make a strong case for the re-examination of its
histories and geographies. This paper, while urbanhistorical in its approach, seeks to make this critical
contribution, in its focus on a geographic borderland
that has remained one since antiquity.
Paper 3 (Ehlinger): Network environmental governance
in the EU as a framework for trans-boundary sturgeon
protection and cross-border sustainable management.
This paper will analyze the implementation of EU policy
concerning the protection of biodiversity in the Lower
Danube, particularly regarding sturgeons.
Policymaking based on the Open Method of Co-ordination
(OMC) often follows a procedural logic in which joint
target-setting and peer assessment of national
performances occur under broad and unsanctioned
guidance. Networks are based more on policy learning
through mutual share as a condition to increase
effectiveness and legitimacy of EU values and policies as
compared to a compulsory legal process. The challenges
for the integration of science-based evidence into
sturgeon policy will be examined as they relate to
longitudinal fragmentation, connectivity, cultural
legacies, and the protection of key habitats. Transboundary scientific networks can facilitate a learningenabled policy architecture through active exchange of
information between key Danube countries.
Paper 4 (Holifield): Environmental governance across
borders and boundaries: Geographies of stakeholder
participation. Managing stakeholder participation in
environmental governance is complicated in any setting,
but it is especially so at sites where coasts, rivers, or
lakes intersect territorial borders and boundaries. How
does the need to work across borders affect processes
of stakeholder participation? Moreover, how do
different kinds of boundaries - national, state, provincial,
municipal, jurisdictional - influence stakeholder participation processes in different ways? We address these
questions through exploratory comparisons of four
cases: three Great Lakes Areas of Concern, including
one that overlaps the international boundary between
the US and Canada and another that crosses state lines,
and the Savannah River Harbor, on the state line
between Georgia and South Carolina. Although we
identify distinctive dynamics associated with each of
these “borderlands,” we also propose a set of features
common to all, and we suggest that these features raise
questions
more
generally
applicable
to
conceptualizations of conflict and integration in
borderland systems.
17
STUDENT ROUNDTABLES
Ryan Knott, Marquette University
Ciara McHugh, Marquette University
Sarah Gendron, Associate Professor, French, Marquette University
Genocide Culture.
Paper 1 (Gendron): The Horror: Art, Popular Culture
and Genocide. In the twentieth century, world wars and
large-scale violations of civil liberties gave rise to an
explosion of human rights scholarship. Arguably, one of
the most prolific areas of inquiry to result from the
atrocities of the modern era is Genocide Studies.
Despite the rapid growth of this field, there is very little
scholarship in existence that documents the role that
cultural practices have played in the genocidal
experience. This is not to imply that there is a complete
absence of interest in the relationship between art or
popular culture and genocide. On the contrary, it has
become fairly commonplace in academia to examine the
representational and therapeutic capabilities of art and
entertainment—to acknowledge their power to describe
atrocities and to enable a victim to recover from them.
However, there is comparatively little published research
that examines the potential for art and entertainment to
be the cause of trauma. In other words, although
humanities scholarship appears to be increasingly
interested in answering the question “Can culture
heal?”—which is to say, in considering the curative
potential of cultural activities to respond to traumatic
events ex post facto—it rarely investigates the possibility
that objects of culture might also be capable of producing
crises. Or rather, to rephrase it as a question, seldom do
we ask “Can culture kill?” This presentation will explore
the ways that several twentieth and twenty-first century
genocidal regimes (among them, those associated with
the Armenian genocide, Cambodia’s Khmer Rouge, the
conflict in the former Yugoslavia, and the Sudanese
government) strategically employed cultural objects and
practices such as illustrated books, cartoons, poster art,
radio broadcasts, music, and film as a means with which
to cultivate homicidal hatred in civilian populations.
Paper 2 (Knott): Nazi Culture: The Role of High and
Low Culture in Nazi Propaganda. Despite our desire to
believe that we are living in civilized times, the twentieth
and twenty-first centuries have been riddled with
horrific genocidal events. Of these moments, the
Holocaust is undoubtedly the watershed genocide of our
era, if for no other reason than for the number of its
victims and the horrifying efficiency with which they
were destroyed. While responsibility for the atrocities
chiefly lies with the individuals who initiated the
directive to liquidate, among others, the Jewish
population, the genocide could not have taken place
without the tacit consent of the nation. This
presentation will investigate how the Nazi Party
strategically made use of both so-called “high culture”
(theatre, music, film, higher education) and “low culture”
(youth group organizations, children’s books and
magazines like Wille und Macht and Die Kameradshaft,
public placards) to convince the general population of
the righteousness of its cause.
Paper 3 (McHugh): Gynocide: A Cross-cultural
Comparison of the Effects of Anti-feminist Rhetoric.
The importance of using words to define and categorize
the world around us is imperative to our social being.
We use language to discern and reason, to navigate and
act. Clearly, language can also be used for less beneficial
purposes. This presentation will be a cross-cultural
comparison regarding the detrimental effects on an
entire society when rhetoric is employed in the service
of creating an "Other,” particularly when the group in
question represents half of the population. First, I will
explore the role of women in the Rwandan genocide
through the lens of anti-Tutsi rhetoric targeting women.
This genocidal movement was furthered on the
underlying platform of cultural tools such as antifeminine vocabulary used to create demeaning
portrayals of women and other forms of female
subordination within the media. In exploring the ways
that an insistence upon the "otherness" of women was
used to propagate violence against an entire ethnicity,
this paper will lead into a comparison of the way the
American woman is targeted in similar ways, albeit with
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seemingly less violent results. Through media and
political examples of anti-feminine rhetoric, evidence of
the destructive nature that such oppressive language and
images can have on an entire group can be made
apparent. These subtleties will lead to an implication of
patriarchal oppression and its oppressive result upon an
entirety of the population - relating especially to the
most extreme type of oppression, that which manifests
in genocide.
Andjelka Bogunovic, Mount Mary College
Barb Kolb, Mount Mary College
Megan Smith, Mount Mary College
Andrea Hilkovitz, Assistant Professor, English, Mount Mary College
Women’s Peace Movements in Lysistrata and Pray
the Devil Back to H ell.
Paper 1 (Hilkovitz): Beyond Sex Strikes: Women’s
Movements, Peace Building, and Negotiation in
Lysistrata and Pray the Devil Back to Hell. When I first saw
the documentary Pray the Devil Back to Hell, I was struck
by the many similarities between the women’s
movement depicted in the film and the women’s
movement dramatized in the ancient Greek play
Lysistrata. First, both women’s movements staged sex
strikes as part of their strategy. Next, both movements
occupied public spaces. Finally, both movements united
women across national and cultural barriers. This paper
will discuss the women’s movements depicted in both
works and explain the valuable insights that the works
offer students into the role of women in peace building.
Papers 2-4 (Bogunovic, Colb, Smith): Women’s Peace
Movements in Lysistrata and Pray the Devil Back to Hell.
These papers were written for the World Literature class
at Mount Mary College in fall 2012. The papers analyze
the ancient Greek play Lysistrata in relation to the
documentary film Pray the Devil Back to Hell. Both works
are about women’s peace movements; Lysistrata portrays
a group of ancient Greek women banding together to
bring an end to the Peloponnesian War, and Pray the
Devil Back to Hell documents the efforts of Liberian
women to end their country’s civil war. Two of the
three recipients of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize, Leymah
Gbowee and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, feature prominently
in the documentary film. Both women’s movements
featured women staging a sex-strike, occupying public
spaces, and uniting across cultural barriers to bring an
end to conflict. In addition to noting these similarities,
the students highlight important differences between the
works as well as between the women’s movements they
portray. As the students’ analyses make clear, the play
and the film offer valuable insights into the role of
women in the peacemaking process. Together, the
papers attest to the power of women to come together
to bring an end to conflict and to forge peace.
Megan Mathers, Mount Mary College
Elisabeth Pohle, Mount Mary College
Alma Ramirez, Mount Mary College
Tiyara Townsend, Mount Mary College
Students Address Global Social Injustices in Future
Professions. This proposal is for a roundtable
presentation by students in Mount Mary College’s
World Languages Department. They are all seniors who
took the capstone Senior Project in Spanish course in
the Fall 2012 semester. They are all double majors in
Spanish and a “pre-professional” field. Their senior
research paper assignment was to examine an issue of
social injustice in the field in which they will
professionally work and to compare the issue from two
or more different cultural perspectives. The students’
papers were on topics such as Diet-induced Illness in
the United States and Latin America by a Dietetics and
Spanish major (finding that more Latin Americans are
malnourished because of cultural and economic factors);
Access to and Lack of Health Care in the US and Peru
by a Nursing and Spanish major (in the latter the lack of
access is seen mostly in the indigenous population); and
19
Behavioral Issues in Children of Hispanic Immigrants in
the US by a Psychology and Spanish major. There are
students in this class from the fields of Art Therapy,
Psychology, International Studies, Social Work, Nursing,
Justice and Dietetics. Students will both summarize the
problems and propose possible solutions.
Whitney Brown, Mount Mary College
Cynthia Castillo, Mount Mary College
Julie Eimers, Mount Mary College
Samantha Schulta, Mount Mary College
Traditional to Sustainable: Visions for “Green”
Cities. This session will provide profiles of four “green”
cities. The presentations will detail how techniques of
urban planning are leading them across boundaries of
tradition and social norms to new innovations.
Attention is paid to how the culture of environmental
sustainability is nurtured among the residents of each
city.
Paper 1 (Brown): Chicago, Illinois.
Paper 2 (Castillo): Barcelona, Catalonia.
Paper 3 (Eimers): Portland, Oregon: Sustainable City.
Paper 4 (Schulta): Copenhagen, Denmark: an Eco-City.
Michael Ketterhagen's Students, Marian University
Applying the Pastoral Circle Analysis to Current
Issues.
Paper 1 (Kowalski, Kuznicki, Schoofs, and Jodarski):
Veterans and Their Health Needs. This student
presentation will present research and analysis regarding
PTSD, its negative effects on Iraq and Afghanistan War
veterans, and the military leadership’s response to the
health needs of veterans. The Pastoral Circle Social
Analysis model was used in the research and analysis.
This model critiques the present situation from a
Catholic Social Teaching theological perspective and
presents potential pastoral plans/responses that come
from the social and theological analysis.
Paper 2 (Iczkowski, Kelling, Sierra, Massey, and Reimer):
Arctic Drilling: the Necessity for Oil vs. Protecting the
Environment. People are desperate for supplies to
continue running the world in which we live. Oil is the
ultimate resource society needs. Arctic drilling is
considered a solution for the continuous energy need.
However, even though the drilling is in the “middle of
nowhere,” it continues to harm the environment. How
far can arctic drilling go before it destroys how life is
today? This paper uses the Pastoral Circle Social
Analysis model to present potential action plans that
come from the social and theological analysis.
Paper 3 (Peichl, Mouthey, Barber, and Kramer):
Immigration Policy in the U.S. This student presentation
examines the immigration issue by researching current
laws and immigrants’ personal experiences. Using the
Pastoral Circle social analysis model this presentation
will explain the analysis of the current policies and their
development history. Part of this analysis is the
development of an Action plan is to make sure current
immigrants have the proper resources to help them to
adapt to American culture and make the transition easier.
Paper 4 (Huang, Cinnamon, Hurley, and Perez): Gun
Violence on College Campuses. This student panel
presentation will focus on violence on college campuses,
suggesting that gun control needs to be monitored more
closely. Everyone in American can relate to the violence
because of the national publicity of mass shootings at
Virginia Tech and other educational institutions.
Allowing weapons on college campuses for “student
protection” changes the situation in many ways. Gun
violence on college campuses will be looked at from the
theological perspective of Catholic Social Teachings.
An action plan, resulting from the use of the Pastoral
Circle social analysis model, will also be presented.
20
CREATIVE PRESENTATIONS
Gerald Casel, Assistant Professor of Dance, California State University, Long Beach
Choreographer: Gerald Casel
Musician and Composer: Tim Russell
Performed by: GERALDCASELDANCE with Guest Artists
Border. In 2008, I created an evening-length dance
performance entitled Border. It was a response to George
W. Bush’s Project 28, a federally funded program to
create a ‘virtual wall’ between the border of Mexico and
the United States to keep out illegal immigration and to
beef up the Department of Homeland Security’s efforts
to improve immigration policies. The piece was made as
a response to this insensitive ‘big brother’ tactic to
monitor the movement of human beings across borders.
The work explored society’s fascination with and quiet
repulsion against that which is ‘foreign’. As a first
generation Filipino-American, this issue hit close to
home and motivated me to create a meaningful
response to such an inhumane view of how we interact
with each other across borders. It raised questions such
as: Do boundaries unite or stratify? Can a person live
invisibly and still maintain their dignity? How does one
create a life of balance from a state of disorientation and
displacement? The dance was well received in New
York and garnered critical acclaim from critics. I would
like to bring a section of it back for this conference, but
in a different format. I propose to show a 16-minute
portion of the dance, a section that uses Debussy’s
L’apres midi d’un faun, with new participants. I will set up
and teach the improvisational structure to the new
dancers (local Milwaukee dancers, students and
professionals) and create a live performance using the
same ideas from Border. The performers will be given
tasks such as: move as if you were invisible, assimilate
other forms and bodies, move as a stereotype, assume
another race, creed, or belief system and move from this
internal place. The dancers will also be given a basic
compositional score that repeats, loops, mirrors and/or
rejects the Debussy structure and draws out a
presentational response to the music.
Kindia du Plessis, Brigham Young University
Lines: Borders of Access and Opportunity. When I
initially heard of this conference I was excited to see
that the invitation extended to undergraduate students,
but especially with room for creative insight. Having
been raised in a multicultural family (mother from small
town Arizona and father from South Africa) I found the
subject of borders personally applicable. I have seen
borders in culture on an intimate level that instigate
conflict, and yet with the same momentum initiate the
creative drive for peacemaking. The deep ties that
connect me within my nation of birth, South Africa, and
my nation of living, the United States, have made certain
cultural borders particularly visible to me in both
cultures. Where one nation has made peace, another has
found conflict. In a recent series of ink paintings I've
probed into the complexity of the issues of South
Africa, the entanglement of history and perspective. The
borders aren't clear. They are ever shifting, ever
changing dependent on the historical and local context.
Some view South Africa's borders as opportunities and
even advantages in cultural enrichment. Others see them
as weak point in the chain of progression. How do we
answer the question we do not understand? Drawing on
my firsthand history with South Africa I will expound
on the racial and cultural divides that enrich and conflict
any nation. My work specifically focuses on the borders
of the formal and informal economy, where the
unskilled masses vie for resources.
21
Meita Estiningsih, Madison College
Producer/Director: Andrew Danajaya
Video Editor: Franciscus Apriwan
Videographer: Khrisdemon Sallata
Music: Joko S. Gohbloh
Music: Doni Suwung
Scriptwriter: Meita Estiningsih
Production Manager: Setiani Martha Dewi
Videographer:Yanuarius Viodeogo S.
Music: Sanggar Joglo Kembar
Photographer: Kartika Pratiwi
The Forgotten Heroes: Human Rights Violations
toward LEKRA’s (Peoples’ Cultural Organization)
Members. Yang Bertanah Air, Tak Bertanah (Landlord,
Landless) is a documentary video about Lembaga
Kebudayaan Rakyat (People’s Cultural Organization),
shortened to LEKRA. The video follows about the
history of LEKRA from its establishment until its
banning in 1965. A key component is witnesses who
discuss its ideology and explain their conflict with
Manikebu (Cultural Manifesto), their cultural movement,
and how the New Order banned this organization and
sent its members into exile on Buru Island where they
were tortured. They were tortured because they were
accused of being affiliated with PKI (the Communist
Party of Indonesian). But this was a false assertion. They
did not have any affiliation with the Party. These
witnesses, who include among their number artist and
historian, are some of LEKRA’s most prominent figures.
They are: Permadi Lyosta, Sabar Anantaguna, Hersri
Setiawan, Mia Bustam, Oey hay Djoen, Misbach Tamrin,
Djoko Pekik, and Amrus Natalsya. The historians who
contributed to this video are: Dr. Baskara T. Wardaya
and John Roosa. LEKRA is an Indonesian Cultural
organization, established in 1950. It made use of culture
as a means of promoting the ideas of the revolutionary
movement after the unfinished revolution of 1945. The
New Order, the era under Suharto’s authority, banned
LEKRA and accused them of being affiliated with PKI.
While LEKRA and PKI both espouse a pro-democratic
ideology and both support people from the grass-roots
level, the two groups have no formal affiliation. In 1965,
PKI was accused of masterminding the September 30th
Movement massacre. Then, as a result of that they were
accused of being national traitors to the Republic.
Ironically, during the New Order era and up until the
Reformation era, members of the LEKRA did not
receive fair trials of restitution for the torture its
members experienced. While they were accused of being
national traitors, they were actually struggling for
Indonesian independence through a cultural movement.
They were negatively stereotyped as ex-political
prisoners among the common society. Suharto
discredited them through historical books, education,
media and society. The actual history of LEKRA and
how they fought for Indonesian independence has been
buried and forgotten. Until now. This video helps tell
their story and bring the truth to light.
Lauren Van Krey, Mount Mary College
MOVE: An Uncomfortable Liberty. What causes
comfort? At what point should comfort be something
that is viewed as a hindrance? In a western world where
we are constantly on the pursuit to happiness, to what
end are we reaching for comfort and where might we be
missing the mark? In my journey through life, I have
sought comfort and have also learned moments when it
was best to leave it on the way side. These ideas have
solidified through my recent experience in Washington
DC with the organization Invisible Children. In taking
action to bring a permanent end to the longest running
war in Africa there is a point of recognition, sifting
through, and challenging being comfortable. This is not
only to truly feel joy and pursue liberty with my own life
in mind but for a greater human good as the end mark.
With this goal taking priority over comfort, we can then
grasp through the excuses comfort once stood for and
allow discomfort to empower us to move. This visual
presentation will be accompanied by a reflective piece of
art work to encompass my experience.
22
Justine “Justice” Shorter, Marquette University
JustUs: Making Peace With Social Entrepreneurship. The goal of this creative storytelling
presentation will be to showcase my personal and
professional exploration of social entrepreneurship and
how it can be used as a vehicle to steer peace into
violent communities. I intend to briefly highlight a few
transformative experiences I've had abroad which have
undoubtedly shaped my understanding of peacemaking
and social innovation. As a result, I'll summarize my
journey studying Community Development and Social
Entrepreneurship at the University of Cape Town in
Cape Town South Africa. I will also highlight notable
experiences from my summer studying Peace and PostConflict Reconciliation in Uganda & Rwanda.
Furthermore, I would like to largely focus on my postgraduate research which involves using social
entrepreneurship to startup, sustain and scale non-
violence initiatives in Milwaukee. I am presently working
with 3 non-profit organizations to design
multifunctional programs aimed at building more
peaceful and progressive communities. All programs are
being uniquely created with the intention of targeting
various sources and symptoms of violence.
Consequently, I am partnering with Sojourner Family
Peace Center, Urban Underground and Operation
Dream to implement initiatives that are tailored-made to
fit the needs of each organization and the populations
they serve. I will begin my 'test pilot phase' (validated
learning period) during the Spring. This would also
serve as a splendid opportunity to stimulate
conversations around how we can further use social
Entrepreneurship/innovation as a creative catalyst for
sustainable peacemaking and social change.
23
CONTACT LIST –ALL PRESENTERS
Ali Abootalebi
Andrew Ademe
Ellen Amster
Rebecca Anderson
Kaylee Beck
Andjelka Bogunovic
Whitney Brown
Deborah Buffton
Gerald Casel
Katlyn Cashman
Cynthia Castillo
Cameron Shane Clark
Patrick G. Coy
Khalil Dokhanchi
Anne Dressel
Jacques du Plessis
Kindia du Plessis
Timothy Ehlinger
Julie Eimers
Meita Estiningsih
Sara Foust Vinson
Margie Franzen
Amanda Garcia
Sarah Gendron
Kelsey Gonzalez
Kate Marie Haapala
Angela Hellstrom
Andrea Hilkovitz
Ryan Holifield
Fnu Ilham
Penninah Kako
Michael Ketterhagen
Andrew Kleinke
Ryan Knott
Mary Ellen Kohn-Buday
Barb Kolb
Emily Landberg
Valerie Joan Landowski
Shelby Marie Langreck
Sylvia Lim
Greg M. Maney
Megan Mathers
Ciara McHugh
abootaar@uwec.edu
aademe@carthage.edu
eamster@uwm.edu
rander50@uwsuper.edu
kaylee.beck@snc.edu
bogunova@mtmary.edu
brownw@mtmary.edu
dbuffton@uwlax.edu
gerald.casel@csulb.edu
katlyn.cashman@snc.edu
castillc@mtmary.edu
cclark3@carthage.edu
pcoy@kent.edu
kdokhanc@uwsuper.edu
banda@uwm.edu
jacques@uwm.edu
kindiaduplessis@gmail.com
ehlinger@uwm.edu
eimersj@mtmary.edu
mestiningsih@madisoncollege.edu
skfoustvinson@stritch.edu
translation@margiefranzen.org
amanda.garcia@snc.edu
sarah.gendron@mu.edu
roweke@go.byuh.edu
khaapala@carthage.edu
hells001@rangers.uwp.edu
hilkovia@mtmary.edu
holifiel@uwm.edu
filham@madisoncollege.edu
pmkako@uwm.edu
MKetterhagen@marianuniversity.edu
klein385@gmail.com
ryan.knott@mu.edu
kohnbudm@mtmary.edu
kolbb@mtmary.edu
elandberg@carthage.edu
valerie.j.landowski@uwsp.edu
slang647@uwsp.edu
slim2@madisoncollege.edu
gregory.m.maney@hofstra.edu
mathersm@mtmary.edu
ciara.mchugh@mu.edu
24
Jessica Mirkes
Lucy Mkandawire-Valhmu
Brian Mueller
Catlyn Origitano
Victoria Overbee-Williams
Charmane Perry
Kristin Pitt
Elisabeth Pohle
Robert Pyne
Alma Ramirez
Robert Ricigliano
Jeffrey Roberg
Connor Romenesko
Rachel Schindler
Samantha Schulta
Aaron Schutz
Penny Seymoure
Justine Shorter
Grant J. Silva
Megan Smith
Manu Sobti
Cassandra Steiner
Patricia Stevens
Rebecca Thompson
Tiyara Townsend
Lynn Van Airsdale
Lauren Van Krey
Demetri Vincze
Erin Winkler
Lynne M. Woehrle
Marisola Xhelili
Eric Yonke
jmsweers@uwm.edu
mkandawi@uwm.edu
bsm@uwm.edu
catlynorigitano@marquette.edu
overbeewvl30@uww.edu
cmperry@uwm.edu
kepitt@uwm.edu
pohlee@mtmary.edu
robert.pyne@snc.edu
ramirezal@mtmary.edu
robr@uwm.edu
jroberg@carthage.edu
connor.romenesko@snc.edu
rachel.schindler@snc.edu
schultas@mtmary.edu
schutz@uwm.edu
pseymoure@carthage.edu
justine.shorter@marquette.edu
grant.silva@marquette.edu
smithme@mtmary.edu
sobti@uwm.edu
steinerck04@uww.edu
pstevens@uwm.edu
thompsor@mtmary.edu
townsent@mtmary.edu
la.vanairsdale@gmail.com
vankreyl@mtmary.edu
dvincze@carthage.edu
winklere@uwm.edu
woehrlel@mtmary.edu
marisola.xhelili@marquette.edu
eyonke@uwsp.edu
25