Track, Engage, & Neutralize Threats – Asymmetric
& Conventional – in the Littoral Environment
1
TSSE Team
Faculty
Prof. Fotis Papoulias
Prof. Bill Solitario
Prof. Greg Miller
Prof. J. Mike Green
Prof. Robert Ashton
2005 Student Design Team
Payload
LT B. C. Black, USN, ME/CSST
LCDR M. A. Glova, USN, ME
LT J. S. Hall USN, AE
LCDR C. J. Hickle, USN, ME
Combat Systems
LTjg S. Bouabid, Tunisian Navy, EE
LCDR G. M. Harden, USN, EE
LT P. Majewicz, USN, EE
LT A. B. Nozik, USN, EE
13 Students
3 Countries
4 Academic Curricula
HM&E
LCDR L. H. Bollock, USN, ME
LTjg S. Hosoglu, Turkish Navy, ME
LT K. Mullenix, USN, ME
LCDR S. F. Sarar, USN, EE
LTjg H. Ucar, Turkish Navy, ME
2
Agenda
• Overall Design Process
– Requirements Analysis
– Functional Analysis Allocation
•
•
•
•
Payload and Operational Concept
Combat Systems
Hull, Mechanical, and Electrical (HM&E)
Summary
3
The Classical Systems Engineering
Process
Figure from NAVSEA Ship Design Manager (SDM) Manual
4
TSSE Tailored Systems Engineering
Design Process
SEA-8
Littoral
ASW
Project
Top Level
Reqts
Delivered
to TSSE
Refined Reqts
Delivered
to TSSE
Requirements
Analysis
Requirements
Clarification
Define
Notional
Payload &
Operational
Concept
Payload
Brief
Notional
Payload feedback
To SEA-8
Analysis
Of
Alternatives
Ship Type
& Size
AoA
Functional
Analysis
Allocation
Ship Functional
Requirements
Definition
IRD, Critical
Design
Parameters
Ship Design
Synthesis
Synthesis
Payload
Combat
Systems
HM&E
5
Top Level Requirements
•
Deploy, retrieve, and regenerate large UUVs semi-clandestinely
•
Sensor assets required to provide Pd 0.8 across contested OA (6,700 NM2)
within 10 days
Provide logistic support necessary to sustain SoS for 30 days
Communicate on the following circuits:
•
•
High Band Width Air/Space Line of Sight (LOS)
LOS Voice
OTH Voice
Underwater Data
LOS Data
OTH Data
SATCOM
•
Launch, recover, and control a 7,000 lb UAV
•
Deploy box-launcher weapons and torpedoes for enemy engagement
6
Notional Payload and Operational
Concept
10 nm
10
nm
100 nm
70
nm
7
Top Level Analysis of Alternatives
(AoA)
• Conducted from Aug-Sep using notional payload
architecture and SEA-8 scenario
• Competing Architectures:
-- LCAC size craft (single and wave)
-- LCS Module (single and wave)
-- Mid-size ship
• Selection Criteria:
-- Capability (30)
-- Endurance (10)
-- Deployability (20)
-- Flexibility (10)
-- Cost (5)
-- Survivability (20)
-- Technical Risk (5)
8
Top Level AoA Results
90
80
70
1 LCAC
7 LCAC Wave
60
50
40
Mid-Size
Amphib
30
1 LCS
20
10
3 LCS
0
9
Critical Design Parameters
Category
Operational Availability
Hull Service Life
Draft @ Full Load
Max Speed
Range @ Max Speed
Range @ Cruise Speed
Large UUV Capacity
Hvy Wt UUV capacity
Cargo Weight
Cargo Volume
Small Boat (7 m RHIB)
USV (11 m RHIB)
UUV/USV/UAV Launch Recover
Aviation Support
Aircraft Launch / Recover
UNREP MODES
Core Crew Size
Crew Accommodations
Provisions
Threshold
Objective
0.85
20 years
8m
30 + kts
1000 nm
3500 nm
40
80
400 MT
0.95
30 years
5m
40 + kts
1500 nm
4500 nm
50+
100+
800 MT
3
5000 m
1
1
Sea State 3
One 7000 lb VTUAV
VTUAV
RAS, CONREP, VERTREP
≤130
125
30 days
3
6000 m
2
2
Sea State 4
VTUAV (2)/ SH-60R
VTUAV/SH-60R
RAS, CONREP, VERTREP
≤ 100
125
45 days
10
Agenda
9 Introduction and Overall Design Process
• Payload and Operational Concept
–
–
–
–
Components
Launch, Deployment, and Recovery
Handling Systems
Payload Modeling
• Combat Systems
• Hull, Mechanical, and Electrical (HM&E)
• Summary
11
Notional Architecture
Challenge
Response
Contested air space
Covert insertion and recovery,
200nm standoff range
30 day sustained
operations
Centralized hub replenishment
and recovery
Time and Space:
100 nm2 in 72 hrs
6700 nm2 in 10 days
Single launch cycle followed by
ongoing service cycles
12
10 nm X 10 nm Network Hub
Architecture Refinement with TSSE/SEA-8 Collaboration
• 1 Large UUV (*Sea Predator)
• 1 Sled equipped with deployable RF buoy, acoustic modem,
docking transducers, coupling two 21” diameter shapes
• 6 Light Weight UUVs – four for power, two for sensor
processing and communications control
• 16 man-portable sensor and wire deployment vehicles
TSSE Design
13
* Sea Predator, David DeMartino, NAVSEA Panama City
Payload Deck
Port and Starboard Side Doors
Amidships and Stern Ramps
14
Handling Systems
• X-Y-Z Overhead Hoist Array and Deck-rail Storage System
– Longitudinal overhead monorail along centerline
– Transverse overhead rail pairs
– Reconfigurable two tier shelves anchored into deck rails provide
secure stowage
– Port and Starboard amidships rail extensions provide over the
side lift capabilities
– Amidships ramp cradle handles up to Large UUV’s
– Stern ramp variable geometry cradle for larger capacity launch
and recovery
15
SCOUVO NSWC Carderock Innovation Center
Notional Architecture
16
2025 Notional Sensor Coverage
10 nm
ASSUMPTIONS:
-1 nm Detection Radii
-Sensor Spacing:
4 nodes at 5nm
8 nodes at 4nm
4 nodes at 2nm
10 nm
1 center node
17
Maximum Capacity:
48 fixed hubs + 48 mobile Sea Predators
Top Level Requirement: Full AO Coverage
100 nm (10 hubs)
70 nm
(7 hubs)
18
72 Hour Single Hub Deployment
Mission Range: 1000nm
Loitering at 1,000nm from the Harbor Gate AO,
Sea Tentacle receives urgent tasking:
Sea Tentacle Transit
Sea Predator Launch
800nm sprint at 35 knots (23 hrs)
Single launch event: Predator with external
docking sled (1 hr)
200nm transit at 5 knots (40 hrs)
Sea Predator Transit
Sensor Deployment
LWV Docking
Sensor deployment vehicle max range of
5nm at 5 knots (2 hrs)
Initialize System
LWV’s launch and dock with sled (2 hrs)
Full-Up-Around
Power up, system optimization and self
test, communications check-in (4 hrs)
0
12
24
36
48
60
72
19
10-Day Maximum Payload Deployment
Mission Range: 3,400nm
In port at < 24 underway readiness, Sea Tentacle
receives urgent tasking to AO at 3,400nm range:
Underway Preparations
Sea Tentacle Transit
Sea Predator Launch
Final Predator Transit
Final Sensor Deployment
Final LWV Docking
Initialize System
Full-Up-Around
0
24
48
72
96
120 144 168 192 216 240
20
UUV Network Applications
• Perimeter defense of Sea Base and
high value transit lanes
• Core ASW and MIW capabilities
providing offensive and defensive early
warning envisioned by Sea Shield
• Wide area battle-space preparation and
intelligence gathering capabilities for
time critical Sea Strike
21
Mission Payload
Baseline Operational Unit Count
Sea
Predator
(Large UUV)
48
AN/WLD-1
11m RHIB
(Large UUV)
(USV equipped)
2
2
7m RHIB
2
SH-60R VTUAV
2
2
22
Detailed Payload Deck-Plan
23
Payload Top Level Requirements
9Deploy, retrieve, and regenerate large UUVs semi-clandestinely
9Sensor assets required to provide Pd 0.8 across contested OA (6,700 NM2)
within 10 days
9Provide logistic support necessary to sustain SoS for 30 days
•
Communicate on the following circuits:
High Band Width Air/Space Line of Sight (LOS)
LOS Voice
OTH Voice
Underwater Data
LOS Data
OTH Data
SATCOM
•
Launch, recover, and control a 7,000 lb UAV
•
Deploy box-launcher weapons and torpedoes for enemy engagement
24
Agenda
9
9
Introduction and Overall Design Process
Payload and Operational Concept
•
Combat Systems
–
Derived Requirements
•
•
–
–
–
Design Philosophy
ICMS Architecture
Component Selection
•
•
–
–
•
•
Weapons Deployment
Communications
Layered Defense
Radio Frequency Systems
Radar Cross Section Analysis
Summary
Hull, Mechanical, and Electrical (HM&E)
Summary
25
Threat Matrix
Threat
AMRFS TISS EW Suite ISMD/A ASROC ESSM
ASCM
D
D D - SK
HK
Aircraft
D
D
D
HK
Ship
D
D
D
D
HK *
Submarine
D
HK
Small boats
D
D
D
D
Mines
D
Shore Fire
D
D
SENSORS
SSM Millenium Gun
HK
HK
HK
HK
HK
HK
HK
HK
HK
WEAPONS
D – Detection
SK – Soft Kill
HK – Hard Kill
HK* - Anti-ship ESSM requires software upgrade
26
Defense in Depth
Mid Defense Layer
Inner Defense Layer
AIRCRAFT
ESSM
SSM
Millennium Gun
ASCM
VLA
SEA SKIMMING MISSILE
SURFACE VESSEL / LITTORAL TARGET
1.5 nm
2.0 nm
3 nm 5 nm 7 nm
50+ nm
80+ nm
27
External Communications
RF External Communications
• The ship will be fully interoperable with the following
systems:
–
–
–
–
–
–
CEC
Joint Planning Network
Joint Data Network
GCCS-M
SIPRNET
NIPRNET
• The following frequency ranges / data rates will be
supported:
- UHF SATCOM
512 – 4.5 Mbps
- SHF SATCOM
1.544 Mbps (T-1) – 45 Mbps (T-3)
- UHF LOS 200 kbps
28
OBSERVE
ACT
Integrated Combat
Management System
ORIENT &
DECIDE 29
ICMS Open Architecture Design
TENTACLE ICMSConfiguration
BL 1.0
1.0 Search & Detect
5.0 Mission Exec.
Radar Sensor Suite
IFF
Dual Band Radar
Acoustic Sensor Suite
Acoustic Intercept
Sensor (AIS)
Bow Array
Sensor System
Towed Array
Sensor System
LMRS
Sensor System
ES/Intel Suite
ES
Component
EO/IR Suite
FLIR/LRF
TISS.IRST
11
22
3.0 Planning, Assessment &
Decision (PAD)
2.0 Data/Information
Services (DIS)
Sensor
Control
System Track
Track Repository
Multi -Sensor Correlated
Track
Composite/Collaborative Track
Imagery
22
22
66
6.0 EXCOMM
Comms
33
11
3
66
22
Radios
Data Links
SatCom
44
66
NAV
Databases
RV Action
VTUAV Vehicle
Control
Helicopter Control
RV Action Schedule
Engineering Action
44
88
ALL
22
33
88
7.0 Common Services
(CS)
Display
ASROC (VLA)
Engineering Schedule
C2 Order, Schedule & Event
Message Event
DDS
66
Mission
Assessment
ESSM,
ESSM
SM- ASM
--2 MR
LAM Missile
ControlWpn
Torpedo
Control
AGS
Control
Time
DX/DR
55
33
66
LRLAP
40 MM Gun
Millenium
NULKA,Giant,Chaff
Towed Torpedo
Countermeasures
VTUAV
55
MH - 60R
Engineering Control
Damage D&A
Integrated Bridge
44
88
66
8.0 Training
(TR)
Scenario
Training
Action Plan
Simulator
Environment
TLAM, LASM
CIGS Control
Decoy Control
Engagement Schedule
Threat
Assessment
(including
identity)
Plan
44
Network Schedule
Service Action
33
Weapon Action
Action Plans
INTEL -Generated Track
88
Tactical
Picture
Assigned
Missions
4.0 Weapon/Asset
Services (W/AS)
Missile Control
Training
Schedule
Training
Event
Stimulator
99
99
9.0 Force Planning/Coordination (FP/C)
Joint BF
Commanders
Orders
Estimate
Open Architecture Acquisition Way Ahead
66
Course Of
Action
BF
Orders
30
Slide 20
10/27/2005
Mission Areas
Operating Characteristics:
Sea TENTACLE
•Net-Centric
•Collaborative
•Distributed Functionality
•Strong HSI Focus
Mission Areas:
•Littoral ASW/MIW
•SUW (Maritime Surveillance)
•AAW
Net-Centric ASW-MIW
31
Inner Defense Layer AoA
Design Requirements
Modularity
Personnel
Operational Availability
Range
Surface Threat Capability
Air Threat Capability
Responsiveness
Footprint (Physical, RCS)
Totals
Weight Sea Ram CIWS 1B Millennium Gun
0.15
1.00
5.00
5.00
0.10
4.00
2.00
3.00
0.15
4.50
4.50
4.00
0.10
5.00
5.00
3.00
0.15
1.00
2.50
5.00
0.10
5.00
4.50
3.50
0.10
5.00
4.00
3.50
0.15
2.00
2.00
4.00
1.00
0.64
0.73
0.80
Goal Keeper
2.00
2.00
4.00
3.50
0.00
4.00
4.00
2.00
0.51
Selected System: Millennium Gun
- Range (air): 3.5 nm
- Range (cruise missiles) : 1.08 nm
- Range (sea-skimming missiles): 0.8 nm
- Firing Rate: 1,000 rounds/min
- 152 sub-projectiles per round
Inner Defense Layer Trade Study
4.00
Footprint (Physical, RCS)
3.50
Responsiveness
3.00
Air Threat Capability
Surface Threat Capability
2.50
Range
Overall MOP 2.00
Operational Availability
1.50
Personnel
1.00
Modularity
0.50
0.00
Sea Ram
CIWS 1B Millennium
Gun
Systems
Goal
Keeper
32
Advanced Multifunction RF System
(AMRFS) Capabilities
Multi-functional:
• Communications
–
–
•
Electronic Attack (EA)
–
–
•
•
Noise Jamming
Deceptive Jamming
Electronic Surveillance (ES)
Radar
–
–
•
Satellite Communications
Line-of-Sight Communications
Surface Navigation Radar
Volume Search
Reduced Maintenance
–
Array & Subsystem Calibration,
Characterization, and Diagnostics
Source: Raytheon DBR
33
AMRFS Motivation
Benefits:
• Reduces Total Number of Required
Topside Arrays
• Increases Potential for Future Growth
without Major Ship Alterations
• Tighter Control over EMI/EMC Issues
• Functionality Primarily Defined by
Software
• Potential for Substantial Reduction in
Life Cycle Costs
• Enables Reallocation of RF Functions
Summary:
• RF functions can be customized to
tactical environment, enhancing warfighting capabilities !!!
W. Gottwald, “An Overview of the
Advance Multifunction RF Concept
(AMRFC) Test-Bed”, 04APR14
34
Radar Cross Section
(RCS) Estimation
• For our design RCS estimation, we used two
techniques:
– Empirical Method (Skolnik)
– Physical Optics Method (POFACETS Software)
35
Empirical Method of RCS Estimation
•
Skolnik (1980) suggested a formula to estimate the median RCS
of a ship based on its displacement and the frequency of
operation of a given seeker:
σ m = 1644 ⋅ DkT 3 ⋅ f GHz
2
•
For our design, with a displacement of around 7000 LT and a
frequency of operation of 0.3 GHz:
σ Sea-Tentacle = 16677 m 2 = 42 dBsm
•
This approximation varies with the angle. 13 dB (for broadside)
are added and 8 dB (for minima) are subtracted.
34 dBsm ≤ σ Sea-Tentacle ≤ 55 dBsm
36
Physical Optics Method
of RCS Estimation
•
POFACETS is a RCS tool developed by
Dr. Jenn of the ECE Dept. of NPS.
•
It is based on the Physical Optics Method.
•
Ship Parameters used by POFACETS
were generated with RHINO software.
RCS Results using a PEC material model at a frequency of 0.3 GHz
37
RCS as a Function of
Material Selection
Composite vs. PEC (Steel)
Composite material ship yields a median
RCS of approximately 5dBsm
Steel ship yields a median
RCS of approximately 25dBsm
38
RCS as a Function of
Seeker Frequency
RCS: Beam target angle for
steel ship.
Steel material selection renders
lowest RCS at frequencies:
• 2.3 GHz
• 4.1 GHz
• 7.2 GHz
RCS Results using a Steel Ship model vs.
Seeker frequency at a 090/270 TA
39
Empirical and simulation results for RCS
are similiar.
•
POFACETS results facilitated material
considerations.
•
RCS Comparisons are comparable
between 2004 and 2005 TSSE designs.
•
RCS Analysis (unclassified) and does not
take into account AMRFS RF emissions.
TENTACLE - 2005
•
ACCESS - 2004
RCS Conclusions
40
Combat Systems Top-Level
Requirements
9Deploy, retrieve, and regenerate large UUVs semi-clandestinely
9Sensor assets required to provide Pd 0.8 across contested OA (6,700 NM2)
within 10 days
9Provide logistic support necessary to sustain SoS for 30 days
9Communicate on the following circuits:
- High Band Width Air/Space Line of Sight (LOS)
- LOS Voice
- OTH Voice
- Underwater Data
- LOS Data
- OTH Data
- SATCOM
9Launch, recover, and control a 7,000 lb UAV
9Deploy box-launcher weapons and torpedoes for enemy engagement
41
ICMS Summary
•
Integrated Design philosophy can
summed up as “no stovepipes.”
•
Open Architecture Focus
Embraces Technology Growth.
•
Multi-mission capability supports
dynamic mission requirements.
42
Agenda
9
9
9
•
Introduction and Overall Design Process
Payload and Operational Concept
Combat Systems
Hull, Mechanical, and Electrical (HM&E)
–
–
–
–
•
Initial Hull Selection AoA
Hydrostatics, Damaged Stability, Structures
Resistance, Propulsion, Electrical
Seakeeping
Summary
43
Hull Selection
• Systems
Engineering
Waterfall Model
used
• Applied up to
component
development
stage
User Needs &
Top Level
Requirements
Change &
Feedback
System
Architecture &
Requirements
Change &
Feedback
System Design
Change &
Feedback
Component
Development
Change &
Feedback
Integration &
Verification
Change &
Feedback
Installation &
Validation
Change &
Feedback
Operations &
Maintenance,
Deactivation
44
Hull Type Comparison
Monohull
• Long endurance at low speeds
• Ruggedness, simplicity, and durability
• Tolerance to growth in weight and
displacement
• Existing infrastructure of yards, docks, and
support facilities is designed for monohulls
• Low cost
45
Hull Type Comparison
Trimaran
• Reduced powering requirements at high
speeds
• Reduced draft
• Increased deck area and growth margin
• Increased seakeeping
• Increased powering requirements at low
speeds because of large wetted surface area
46
Hull Type Comparison
Catamaran
In addition to Trimaran;
• Good stability after dropping off all the
payload
• Advantage of using the space between
demihulls as launching / recovering stations
(semi-covert operations)
• Best speed for high weight / cargo load
47
Mission Bay Comparison
Monohull: 16 ISO containers
Catamaran: 21 ISO containers
Trimaran: 7 ISO containers
ISO: 6 x 2.5 x 2.5m
SCOUVO – Surface Combat Optimized for Unmanned Vehicle Operations – NSWC Carderock
48
Hull Type AoA
5.00
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
Footprint (RCS)
2.50
Stability
Sea Keeping
2.00
Grow th Margin
1.50
Deck Area
Draft
1.00
Cost
0.50
Risk
Endurance at high speed
0.00
Monohull
Catamaran
Trimaran
Endurance at low speed
49
Hull Form
Catamaran was selected
50
Hull Design
Hull Design
New
Displacement
Resistance
Calculations
Power Plant
Selection
Power
Requirements
New System
Components
51
Hydrostatics
7
Displacement = 7023 MT
DWL = 117.4 m
MTc
6
Immersion (TPc)
KML
Draft m
5
KMt
Design Draft = 5.2 m
VCG = 5.925 m (from keel)
KB
4
LCF
LCB
3
WPA
Wet. Area
2
Disp.
1
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Displacement tonne
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Immersion tonne/cm
14
15
16
17
18
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Moment to Trim tonne.m
120
130
140
150
160
Draft = 3.000 m
Area m^2
LCB, LCF, KB m
KMt m
KML m
Disp. = 3432.904 tonne
Results obtained using
standard and custom
hydrostatics software and
weight data for the ship
52
Intact Stability
8
Max GZ = 7.384 mat 30.5 deg.
7
6
5
GZ m
4
3
2
1
0
-1
0
GZ = 0.144 m
10
Heel to Starboard = 0.000 deg.
20
30
Area (fromzero heel) =
0 m. deg.
40
Heel to Starboard deg.
Positive Righting
Arm up to 85o
50
60
70
80
90
53
Damaged Stability
2.4
Max GZ = 2.369 m at 25 deg.
Can survive in
case of loss of
one demi-hull
2
1.6
GZ m
1.2
0.8
0.4
0
-0.4
0
GZ = 0.108 m
10
Heel to Starboard = 0.940 deg.
20
Heel to Starboard deg.
30
40
50
Area (from zero heel) = 0.03258 m. deg.
Can survive
with all engine
rooms flooded
54
Structural Strength
75
2.5
40000
2
Steel was selected
Shear
30000
50
1.5
20000
1
10000
0
0
Load t/m
0.5
Shear tx10^3
Moment tonne.mx10^3
25
Weight
0
Net Load
Buoyancy
-0.5
-10000
-25
-1
-20000
-1.5
-50
-30000
-2
Moment
-75
-2.5
-40000
-60
Buoyancy = -61.426 t/m
-40
-20
0
Position m
20
40
60
80
Position = 2.200 m
Max. Bending Stress = 154.4 MPa
at hogging condition at midship
section
55
Ship Characteristics
Light Ship = 4504 MT
Loaded Displacement = 7023 MT
LOA = 120 m
LWL = 117.4 m
Beam = 25 m
Design Draft = 5.2 m
Metacentric Height = 16.05 m
Design Trim = 0.1o to Bow
Design Heel = 0.51o to Port
56
Power Estimation from Resistance
Calculations
1LM 6000
1LM 2500+
1LM 2500+1LM6000
2LM 2500+’s
2LM 2500+’s+1LM6000
NavCad
Shaft Power (kW)
AutoPower
Speed
Shaft Power (kW)
0
0
80000
5
403.02
70000
10
2645.84
60000
15
7528.65
50000
20
15419.89
25
26510.43
30
40627.94
10000
35
56712.14
0
40
72155.12
45
91213.34
Average
100000
kW
90000
40000
30000
20000
0
5
10
15
20
25
Speed (kts)
30
35
40
45
50
57
Gas Turbine Analysis Snapshot
AoA of Gas Turbines
Thermal Efficiency
4.5
Weight
4
Volume
SFC
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1
2
Weighting
Factor
Alternatives
Alternative – 1
Alternative – 2
1-LM6000
2 LM2500+
2 MT30
1 LM2500+
Specific Fuel
Consumption
0.4
4
4
Volume
0.3
5
2
Weight
0.2
4
5
Thermal Efficiency
0.1
5
5
1
4.4
3.7
Total Score
58
Summary of Chosen Propulsion
Systems
• Propulsion Plant: Gas Turbines
• Specifically:
2 LM2500+
1 LM6000
1 Allison 501-K34
59
Summary of Chosen Propulsion
Systems
• Electric drive
• 2 Bird-Johnson AWJ-21
water jets
• 2 bow thrusters
60
Range Calculations
Range vs Speed
Max. Range (NM)
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Speed (Kts)
Endurance Load (MT)
Endurance Load vs Speed (for 4500 NM)
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0
10
20
30
Speed (Kts)
40
50
Speed
Max. Range
Speed
Endurance Load
(kts)
(NM)
(kts)
for 4500 NM (MT)
5
1831.094
5
4367
10
2468.7828
10
3239
15
5439.71939
15
1470
20
5462.01332
20
1464
25
2212.61414
25
3614
30
1754.36321
30
4558
35
1045.41607
35
7649
40
921.880044
40
8674
61
Endurance and Speed
• Transiting Speed of
20 kts gives Range
of 5,400 nm
Max Speed 40 kts
• Sprint Speed of 35
kts gives Range of
1,000 nm
62
Summary of Chosen Motor System
• Motor alternatives:
– Conventional COTS motor
– Superconducting DC Homopolar motor
– High Temperature Superconducting AC
motor
• High Temperature Superconducting
Synchronous AC Motor Selected
63
Integrated Power System
• IPS is an AC/DC hybrid zonal
• Total capacity is 103 MW
• 93 MW required for 40 knots, 6MW for
ship service loads, 4 MW reserve
• Gas turbines produce 3 phase 13.8
kVolt AC
• All ship service loads distributed via
1000 volts DC
64
Sea Tentacle Electric Plant
13.8 K volts
3Φ
LM6000
Allison
13.8 K volts
3Φ
1000 volts
DC
Ship Service Loads
Bidirectional AC/AC
converter (w/ galvanic
isolation)
Stbd HTS
Motor
Port HTS
Motor
LM2500+
LM2500+
65
Zonal Distribution
Superstructure
Propulsion
Forward
Forward E.R.
Handling
Aft E.R.
66
Seakeeping Results
• Evaluate response in regular seas; varying
ship speeds and headings.
• Within linear theory, evaluate response in
random seas using regular wave results.
• Assume long-crested, fully developed seas.
• Set limiting values of the response and
calculate the operating envelope.
• Adjust design parameters to achieve an
acceptable operating envelope.
67
Speed-Polar Plot
Following
Head
Aft quartering
Forward quartering
Beam
68
Limiting Values
• Assume the following limiting values for
the responses:
– Significant single amplitudes:
• Ship roll: 5 deg.
• Ship pitch: 3 deg.
• Absolute vertical velocity at ramp: 2 m/sec
– Depends on ramp (x,y) location
– Expected number of events per hour:
• Wetness (relative vertical motion hits zero)
events at ramp: 30
– Depends on ramp (x,y,z) location
69
Vertical Velocity
70
Wetness Events
71
Operating Envelope
Operations can be sustained
Operations are unsafe
72
Design Selection
2m
1m
Ramp height at 2 m above calm waterline provides
adequate operability region
73
Sea State Effects
2 m clearance provides adequate operating envelope
even for elevated sea states
74
Operability Index – Aft Ramp
75
Operability Index – Side Door
76
Wave Generation
Kelvin wave pattern calculated
using a 3-D panel method
V=15 Kts
V=20 Kts
77
Agenda
9
9
9
9
Introduction and Overall Design Process
Payload and Operational Concept
Combat Systems
Hull, Mechanical, and Electrical (HM&E)
• Summary
–
–
–
–
–
Manning
Cost
Geographical Transit Ranges
Requirements Summary
Conclusion
78
Manning
• Reduced manning possible concepts
studied on DD(X) and TAK-E(X):
– Human Centered Design and Reasoning
Systems
– Reliability and Condition Based Maintenance
vs. Preventative Maintenance System (PMS)
– Automated Damage Control
– Reduced Watch Stations
– Self Service Laundry
– Innovative Messing
79
Core Watch Stations
WATCH STATION
LOCATION
Bridge
Combat Information
Center (CIC)
Engineering
WATCH STATION
NAME
NUMBER OF
PERSONNEL
SUB TOTAL
Officer of the Deck (OOD)
1
Junior OOD
1
Quartermaster of the Watch
1
Tactical Action Officer
1
CIC Supervisor
1
Air Search Radar Operator
1
Surface Radar Operator
1
Sonar Operator
1
Gun Operator
1
Missile Operator
1
Electronic Warfare Operator
1
Aircraft Controller
1
Engineering Officer of the Watch
1
1
TOTAL
13
3
9
80
Procurement Cost Estimation
Process
• Two methods were used to estimate cost:
– Top-down method using data from the
Congressional Budget Office (CBO), Visibility and
Management of Operating and Support Costs
(VAMOSC), and others
– Bottom-up method using detailed weight-based
Cost Estimating Relationships (CERs), labor
costs, and specialized equipment costs
– The bottom-up method produced results that were
less than 10% lower than the top-down method
– For brevity, only the top-down method is detailed
on the following slides
81
Platform Comparisons
Ship Class
DD(X)
DDG-51 (II)
Sea
TENTACLE
Type
GeneralPurpose
Destroyer
GuidedMissile
Destroyer
FocusedMission
Combatant
FFG(X)
GuidedMissile
Frigate
FFG-7
GuidedMissile
Frigate
Displaceme
nt (tons)
Crew
Size
16,000
130
9,200
7,000
6,000
4,100
Armament
Missions
Follow ship
procuremen
t cost
(FY05 $M)
2 Helo, 2 155mm AGS, 128
VLS
Land attack,
* 3,200
40.8
1,800
31.2
* 900
15.9
* 700
UNK
300
26.1
ASW
340
AEGIS, 2 Helo,
1 5-inch, 96
VLS
Long-range
air and
missile
defense, land
attack, openocean ASW
100
2 Helo, 2
Millenium gun,
16 VLS,
AMRFS, UUV,
USV, UAV
launch/recove
r and support
Littoral and
open-ocean
ASW,
maritime
interception
120
2 Helo, 5inch gun, 48
VLS
221
2 Helo, 1 76mm gun, 6
Torpedo
Tube
Convoy
escort,
maritime
interception,
open-ocean
ASW
Convoy
escort,
maritime
interception,
open-ocean
ASW
O&S
(FY05 $M)
82
Courtesy of Congressional Budget Office, Congressional Research Service, VAMOSC and Northrup Grumman
Lead Ship Cost Estimate
(in millions of 2005 dollars)
Estimated
Cost
Detail Design
200
Infrastructure Upgrade
250
Production Costs:
Basic Construction
VLS
Advanced Combat Systems
Suite
Catamaran Construction
Total Lead Ship Cost
Primary Basis of
Estimate
FFG(X)/LCS
Analogies
Catamaran Hull
Construction
990
16
FFG(X) Analogy
FFG(X) Analogy
200
AMFRS
100
~1,750
83
Figures courtesy of Congressional Budget Office assuming 3% inflation rate
Guam 10-day Striking Range
3400 nm
84
Diego Garcia 10-day Striking Range
3400 nm
85
Sasebo 3-day Striking Range
1000 nm
86
Arabian Gulf 3-day Striking
Range
1000 nm
87
Critical Design Parameter
Results
Category
Operational Availability
Hull Service Life
Draft @ Full Load
Max Speed
Range @ Max Speed
Range @ Cruise Speed
Large UUV Capacity
Hvy Wt UUV capacity
Cargo Weight
Cargo Volume
Small Boat (7 m RHIB)
USV (11 m RHIB)
UUV/USV/UAV Launch Recover
Aviation Support
Aircraft Launch / Recover
UNREP MODES
Core Crew Size
Crew Accommodations
Provisions
Threshold
Objective
Actual
0.85
20 years
8m
30 + kts
1000 nm
3500 nm
40
80
400 MT
0.95
30 years
5m
40 + kts
1500 nm
4500 nm
50+
100+
800 MT
N/A
N/A
5.1 m
40 kts
920 nm (1045 nm @ 35 kts)
5400 nm (20 kts)
50 (48 SP, 2 WLD-1)
110
570 MT
3
5500 m
2
2
Sea State 4
VTUAV (2)/ SH-60R(2)
VTUAV/SH-60R
RAS, CONREP, VERTREP
Approx 110
125
30 days
3
5000 m
1
1
Sea State 3
One 7000 lb VTUAV
VTUAV
RAS, CONREP, VERTREP
≤130
125
30 days
6000 m
2
2
Sea State 4
VTUAV (2)/ SH-60R
VTUAV/SH-60R
RAS, CONREP, VERTREP
≤ 100
125
45 days
3
88
Top Level Requirements Revisited
9Deploy, retrieve, and regenerate large UUVs semi-clandestinely
9Sensor assets required to provide Pd 0.8 across contested OA (6,700 NM2)
within 10 days
9Provide logistic support necessary to sustain SoS for 30 days
9Communicate on the following circuits:
- High Band Width Air/Space Line of Sight (LOS)
- LOS Voice
- OTH Voice
- Underwater Data
- LOS Data
- OTH Data
- SATCOM
9Launch, recover, and control a 7,000 lb UAV
9Deploy box-launcher weapons and torpedoes for enemy engagement
89
Conclusions
• Employs a large, well designed, and flexible
Payload configuration
• Combat Systems offer a robust mix of Offensive
and Defensive capabilities that can conduct
simultaneous ASW, SUW, & AAW operations
• HM&E design delivers high speed & high power
in a unique and efficient manner
Sea TENTACLE is the platform of
choice for Littoral ASW in 2025
90