SHIPBOARD SYSTEM INTERFACE
DEVELOPMENT
Presented at the
Naval Post Graduate School
August 12, 2004
Jeffrey O. Grady
President, JOG System Engineering, Inc.
6015 Charae Street
San Diego, CA 92122
(858) 458-0121
jgrady@ucsd.edu, Jeff@jogse.com
http://www.jogse.com
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Who Is Jeff Grady?
CURRENT POSITION
President, JOG System Engineering, Inc.
System Engineering Assessment, Consulting, and Education Firm
PRIOR EXPERIENCE
U.S. Marines
1964 - 1965 General Precision, Librascope Div
Customer Training Instructor, SUBROC and ASROC ASW Systems
1965 - 1982 Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical
Field Engineer, AQM-34 Series Special Purpose Aircraft
Project Engineer, System Engineer, Unmanned Aircraft Systems
1982 - 1984 General Dynamics Convair Division
System Engineer, Cruise Missile, Advanced Cruise Missile
1984 - 1993 General Dynamics Space Systems Division
Functional Engineering Chief & Manager, Systems Development
Advanced Projects Systems Engineering
FORMAL EDUCATION
BA Math, SDSU
MS Systems Management, USC With Information Systems Certificate
INCOSE First Elected Secretary, Fellow, Founder
AUTHOR System Requirements Analysis, System Integration, System
Validation and Verification, System Engineering Planning and
Enterprise Identity, System Engineering Deployment
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What is a System?
• A system is a collection of entities which interact
via relations to accomplish some pre-defined
purpose or function
• A system consists of entities and internal
relations (interfaces)
• A system interacts with its environment via
external relations (interfaces)
• External relations may be implemented in the
system or the environment
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Specialization Of Knowledge
Knowledge Grows & We Have Our Limitations
EXPANDING
KNOWLEDGE
MAN'S
KNOWLEDGE
IT WON'T
ALL FIT!
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MAN'S
LIMITATIONS
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DEPTH OF KNOWLEDGE
We Are All Specialists
BREADTH OF KNOWLEDGE
ALL KNOWLEDGE
GENERALIST KNOWLEDGE BASE
DOMAIN KNOWLEDGE BASE
SPECIALIST KNOWLEDGE BASE
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System Integration - What Is It?
Xi
Yi
The act or process of forming, coordinating, or
blending two or more elements into a functioning
or unified whole. Much of this work is
accomplished at interfaces
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Integration Skills
INTEGRATION
ELEMENT Yi
INTEGRATION
ELEMENT Xi
DOMAIN OF THE
SYSTEM ENGINEER
DOMAIN
Y
DOMAIN
X
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Integration Skills
• Domain specialists are trapped by the intensity of
their focus on their domain
• A system engineer should approach his/her work
from the perspective of a generalist
• Understand the domains as best you can and
depend on domain people possessing proven
knowledge
• Connect domain pairs that appear to be in conflict
and follow the strings
• Use abstract system models that permit you to
focus on what is important in any situation
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Interface Defined
An interface is a relationship between two entities in
a system or in two different systems. They are
related through the mutually agreed upon media
joining them.
TERMINAL
A
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INTERFACE
MEDIA
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TERMINAL
B
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The System With a Null Environment
SPIRITUAL ENTITY
ALL SYSTEMS BUT ONE
OBEY THE FUNDAMENTAL
RELATION
SPACE-TIME
MATTER-ENERGY
MILKY WAY GALAXY
SOLAR SYSTEM
EARTH-MOON SYSTEM
EARTH
MAN-MADE SYSTEMS
SYSTEM
SEAS
BIOLOGICALS
STRUCTURE
ATMOSPHERE
MOON
OTHER
MATERIAL
ENVIRONMENT
OTHER PLANETS AND MATERIAL
OTHER GALACTIC MATTER
OTHER MATTER IN THE UNIVERSE
UNIVERSE
J.O. Grady 3-11-95
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The Fundamental Problems in Interface
Work
There is a one-to-one correspondence between
teams and architecture entities. There is a one- totwo correspondence between interfaces and teams.
ITEM X
ITEM Y
1
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The Fundamental Problems in Interface
Work
We tend to look inwardly
ITEM X
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ITEM Y
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The Fundamental Problems in Interface
Work
We are dependent on the worst interface on
planet Earth in the development of interfaces.
ITEM X
ITEM Y
HUMAN
COMMUNICATIONS!!
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Two Interface Definition Models
SCHEMATIC BLOCK DIAGRAMMING
LINES DEFINE
INTERFACES
A2
A1
A5
A3
A6
A4
N-SQUARE DIAGRAMMING
A1
X
X A2 X
X
X A3 X X X
X A4
A5
X
X
A6
X
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BLOCKS ARE OBJECTS
ONLY FROM THE
ARCHITECTURE
MARKED INTERSECTIONS DEFINE
INTERFACES
DIAGONAL BLOCKS ARE OBJECTS
ONLY FROM ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM
APPARENT AMBIGUITY ACTUALLY
REFLECTS DIRECTIONALITY
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Interface Responsibility
Is a Matter of Perspective
BOB
BOB'S EXTERNAL
INTERFACE (CROSS)
BOB'S INTERNAL
INTERFACE (INNER)
BOB'S OUTERFACE
ALICE
DELL
BOB MUST TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR DEVELOPING HIS INTERNAL
INTERFACE, WORK WITH ALICE AND DELL ON HIS EXTERNAL INTERFACE,
AND IGNORE HIS OUTERFACE EXCEPT FOR SECONDARY INTERFACE
EFFECTS (SOFTWARE EXTENDED INTERFACES AND POSSIBLE SNEAK
CIRCUIT EFFECTS)
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Team Responsibilities Using SBD Overlays
I1413
AVIONICS
SYSTEMS
SUITE
OVERLAY
A131
1553
DATA BUS
I1131GQ
I1131GP
SINGLE ENGINE CENTAUR
UPPER STAGE
BASIC VEHICLE ASSEMBLY
I1131GN
FLUIDS
SYSTEMS
SUITE
OVERLAY
IPD
TEAM 2
I 2131G8
I14131
CONTROL
SYSTEM
I2131G5
TELEMETRY &
INSTRUMEN- I1131GG
TATION
SYSTEM
TRANSDUCER
HARNESS
ASSEMBLY
I1131G8
I1131EB
I1131E1
A131G8
I1131FL
I1131G5
I14132
I2131G7
C
A121G5
I1131F8
C BAND
TRACKING
SYSTEM
I1131G7
I14133
I2131G6
ATLAS
SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENT
FLIGHT
SOFTWARE
I1131E6
I1131D5
I1131F5
A121G7
RANGE
SAFETY
SYSTEM
I1131G6
A121G6
I1131GM
STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM
I117
INU
IPD
TEAM 1
A121G1
I1131GA
I2131G
I1131E8
I1131A
I1131E4
I1131F
I1131F3
I1131F4
I1131F2
I1131D2
A1311
I1131D1
I1131H
I2131G2
A131G2
I2131G4
I2131G3
I1131
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I21316
I11316
PROPELLANT
SYSTEM
ATLAS
SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENT
I21314
I11314
A1314
I21313
PROPULSION
SYSTEM
I11313
A1313
HYDRAULIC
SYSTEM
I1131E5
I1131EC
E
PNEUMATIC
SYSTEM
I21311
RCU
IPD
TEAM 3
I11315
I1131F1
I1131G2
I2131
I21315
I1131J
I2131G1
I1131G1
I1131B
I1131D3
I1131E7
I1131E9
I1131E3
I1131C
I1131F6
I1131GR
A1315
A1316
I11311
I114
A14
I1131EA
I1131D4
I1131E2
I1131F7
REACTION
CONTROL
SYSTEM
I21317
I11317
A1317
PYC
BATTERY
I1131GB
I1131GS
I1131E
E
I1131G3
A131G3
A131G
I1131G4
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A131G4
I1131G
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We Seek to Forge Crowds
Into Teams
A POWERFUL
UINIFYING
FORCE
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COMMON
VISION
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The Benefits of Product Oriented
Teaming
PRODUCT N-SQUARE DIAGRAM
ITEM
WBS 1000
ITEM
WBS 2000
CROSSORGANIZATIONAL
INTERFACE
REQUIREMENT
ITEM
WBS 3000
ITEM
WBS 4000
IPPT
1
INTER-TEAM
COMMUNICATION
REQUIREMENT
IPPT
2
IPPT
3
IPPT
4
ORGANIZATION N-SQUARE DIAGRAM
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DD(X) Internal Inter-segment Interfaces
SUPPORT
SYSTEM
SEGMENT
(SSUP)
SHIP
SYSTEM
SEGMENT
(SSHP)
MH60R
TOTAL
SYSTEM
COMPUTING
ENVIRONMENT
SEGMENT
(TSCE)
VTUAV
HUMAN
SYSTEMS
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SENSOR
SEGMENT
(SSEN)
DD(X)
SHIP
ENGAGEMENT
SEGMENT
(SENG)
C3I
SEGMENT
(SC3I)
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DD(X) Interface Terminal Categories
6
10
11
14
I
I
C
4
I
I
5
2
I
8
13
I
C
T Total Ship
S Segment
E Element
C Component
I Item
I
15
I
I
C
7
C
E
19
20
C
I
I
C
C
E
S
T
E
S
DD(X)
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I
I
I
17
C
12
E
3
16
I
9
I
1
ALL EXTERNAL INTERFACE
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EXTERNAL
ENTITIES
ALL INTERNAL INTERFACE
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X
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PHASE 3 CDR
PHASE 3 PDR
PHASE 3 SRR
DD(X) Terminal Categories and Owning
Entities
INTERFACE POSSIBILITIES
OWNING
NBR
-----1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------All DD(X) internal interface
Inter-segment
Intra segment
Inter-element, same segment
Inter-element, different segment
intra-element
Inter-component, same element
Inter-component, different element, same segment
Inter-component, different element, different segment
Intra-component
Inter-item, same component
Inter-item, different component, same element
Inter-item, different component, different element, same segment
Inter-item, different component, different element, different segment
Intra-item
Item external
Component external
Element external
Segment external
All DD(X) external interface
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ENTITY
-----------T
T
S
S
T
S
E
S
T
C
C
E
S
T
I
T
T
T
T
T
Internal Example - External
Communications (ExCom)
HF, VHF, UHF, LOS, UHF SATCOM,
EPLRS, JTIDS, DWTS
Receive
Preamps
Circuit
Switch
Pots
STU
STE
ISDN
Black
Router
HF, VHF, UHF, L-Band
JTRS
B RR
Antenna
Switches
R
Receive
Antennas
Cancellors
Xmit
Antennas
MultiCouplers
Voice
Red
Router
Circuit
Switch
Pots
STU
STE
ISDN
Voice
with PTT
LDR, MDR
Omni
Antennas
EHF
SATOM
Trunks
SATCOM
SCI
Crypto
LOS
Radios
BaseBand
Multi-Channel
Program
Crypto
Red
Switch
(Elect
Patch)
Program
Mux
ESA
Antennas
ATM
Ka
SATCOM
COMSEC
Voice
and Date
EHF
TIP
ADNS
Tactical
Data Links
UHF ESA
R/T
ANDVT
SCI
Router
Multi-Channel
Program
Crypto
Black
Switch
(Elect
Patch)
44 GHz
ESA Xmit
30 GHz
ESA Xmit
GBS
SATCOM
RCV
20 GHz
ESA Rcv
Ku
SATCOM
Ku
SATCOM
Dish
CDL-N
10/15 GHz
ESA Xmit
CDL-N
10/15 GHz
ESA Rcv
TRANSEC
TSCE
TSCE
CEC Link
CDL
TCDL
DAP
CEC ESA
R/TSide
Pier
CEC
DAP
Crypto
TSCE
TSCE
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Router
ATM
TACAN
DAP
Transponder
S-Band
DAP
Terminal
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Pier Side
Connection
TACAN
Antenna
S-Band
Antenna
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Microwave Antennas
Comm
DAP
Microwave Antennas
TSCE
DD(X) as One Node for ExCom
Commercial
Ku SAT
- QoL
- Surge
LOS/BLOS Radio
- VHF
- UHF
- HF
(48 Channels)
-Link 16
-Link 11/22
- CEC
GBS
Gapfiller
-Up to
- Ka crossbanded to X
24 MBPS - Up to 8.2 MBPS
Milstar
- LDR
- MDR (4.1 MBPS )
- AEHF
SATCOM
CDL-N
- Up to 274 MBPS
- Up to 8 Links
- Reachback and in Theater
- EHF (4.1 MBPS)
- Gapfiller Ka (8.2 MBPS)
- GBS (24 MBPS)
- UHF (Nx32 KBPS)
- Commercial Ku (QoL)
LOS/BLOS Radio
- L-Band, VHF, UHF, HF
- 48 Channels
Data Links
- Aperture Supports
Up to 8 CDL-N, Ku & X
links
- Baseline includes
Terminals for 2 Links
- CEC
- Link 16
- Link 11/22
CDL-N
- 10.7 MBPS
CEC
CEC
DD(X) Comms Features
- Low signature apertures integrated into
Deckhouse
- Designed for Legacy and Projected Future Navy
Comms Infrastructure
- Supports Network Enabled Comms and
transition of Legacy to Network Comms
- Automated Operation consistent with DD(X)
reduced manning objectives
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UHF SATCOM
- UFO
- MUOS
- Multichannel
CEC
Satellite S-Band
Downlink to be
added
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Physical Packaging Effects
EME = ELECTRONIC MODULAR ENCLOSURE
POWER
NETWORK
COOLING
FLUIDS
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Enclosure Packaging Versus Segment
Organization
SEGMENT
A
SEGMENT
B
SEGMENT
C
SEGMENT
D
ENCLOSURE
1
ENCL
2
ENCL
3
ENCLOSURE
4
Segment
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Element
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Component
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Interface Design Transform
IRS
SOFTWARE LOGICAL
CONTENT
SPECIFICATION
IRS
HARDWARE
PHYSICAL
SPECIFICATION
CONTENT
REQUIREMENTS
INTEGRATION
HARDWARE
DESIGN
ENGINEERING
DRAWINGS
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DESIGN
INTEGRATION
SICD
SOFTWARE
DESIGN
IDD
ICD
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DBDD
SDD
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V Encourages Good Requirements
DELIVERY
NEED
SYSTEM
TEST
SYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS
END ITEM
REQUIREMENTS
END ITEM
TEST
SUBSYSTEM
TEST
SUBSYSTEM
REQUIREMENTS
COMPONENT
REQUIREMENTS
VERIFICATION
REPORTING
PLANE
COMPONENT
TEST
DEVELOPMENT
DOWNSTROKE
DEVELOPMENT
UPSTROKE
DESIGN &
INTEGRATION
Used in conjunction with spiral development approach for DD(X)
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Concluding Message
• System engineering is a profession with a future
• It requires an interest in the broad rather than the
deep
• While system engineers do many other things,
working at the most troublesome boundaries is
the greatest service that they offer and most fun
work that they do
• Few are the systems with more complex most
troublesome boundaries than naval ships
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