TESTING EMISSIONS FROM HEM-FIR LUMBER
Don Hejna
Potlatch
Bemidji, Minnesota
Lumber Kiln Emissions Testing
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W hy test?
Test program
Results
Sum m ary
W hy Test?
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MACT Rules: Hazardous air pollutants
plywood and com posite wood products
boilers
Thresholds
>10 tons/year of single HAP
>25 tons/year of all HAPs
189 HAPs- prim arily six in wood products
MACT Rules: Low risk subcategory
look up tables
site specific testing and m odeling
If low risk is dem onstrated without control equipm ent, facility is in com pliance
with the rule
W hat capacity m ill needs to consider HAPs?
150-200 m m bf/year depending upon
species
co-located operations including boilers
critical single HAP - m ethanol
up to 90% of total
W hy Not Use Emission Factors?
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Em ission factors should be used first
May provide a large data base
However,
May not be appropriate to your facility
species
product - e.g., bark from trees kept in saltwater; contam inated wood
from dem olition
May not be accurate for your facility
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Test Program
Team - See addendum for contact inform ation
1.
EPA -OAQPS-Gary McAlister
2.
Geom atrix - Ken Richm ond
3.
Interpoll Laboratories - Dan Despen
4.
NCASI - Dr. David W ord
5.
Oregon State University - Dr. Mike Milota
6.
Potlatch Forest Products Corporation--Berne W ilm arth/Don Hejna
Alternatives
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Full scale kiln testing
Vents m ake it difficult, but possible
Stacks are easier
Kilns inherently leak - how m uch?
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Photographs
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Screen for presence of HAPs
Sam ple concentration inside kiln
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Sm all scale kiln test
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Based on PCW P MACT low risk dem onstration
Regulatory agencies m ay require different procedures for other purposes
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OSU Sm all-Scale Kiln
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Test Program
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Purpose
Estim ate HAPS from drying hem /fir
Lum ber Drying Test Plan based on
App C to Subpart DDDD of Part 63 – Considerations for a sm all-scale
kiln em ission testing program
Test Plan reviewed by
NCASI - Dr. David W ord
EPA-OAQPS - Gary McAlister - no form al approval
App C to Subpart DDDD of Part 63
Considerations for a Sm all-Scale Kiln Em ission Testing Program
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Representative sam ples of lum ber
Kiln operating param eters, sim ilar to full scale kilns (air flow, tem perature, tim e)
Em issions sam pling
Sam ple intervals (3 hrs) and runs (2)
Reporting - graphs, num erical data, water balance, MDL, em issions rates
Guidance - NCASI TB-845
Test Program - Review s
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EPA issues addressed in Test Plan Review
Use of GC/MSD v. GC/FID in NCASI 99.02
Detection lim its < 1 ppm
QA/QC spike trains - lab and field
Tim ber location/harvest date/tim e in log yard
Post Test Review
Use of silica gel
One-hour sam pling to avoid errors
Test Program - Stack Tester
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Criteria for selecting stack tester
Confidence
30 year history with wood products
pioneer work with HAPs, ethanol industry
QA/QC and detection capability
Truck m ounted lab for im m ediate results
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Test Program - Results, lb/mbf
Test Results - Caveats
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Be careful of one test result
Adjust to KD target m oisture 17-19%
As a m inim um , correct with statistics, or add 50-100% safety factor
Exam ple
Acrolein test result - 0.002 lb/m bf
Acrolein - EPA table - 0.009 lb/m bf
Stack tester m ore com fortable with 0.009
Summary
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Sm all-scale kiln testing
Accepted by EPA for low risk determ ination
Test plan
Follow guidance in App C to Subpart DDDD of Part 63 -Considerations for a sm all-scale kiln em ission testing program
EPA Review - Resolve issues - No written approval
Be wary of single test results
Add safety factor, at least statistical factor
Stack testing program
Confidence in stack tester
Detection lim it capability for HAPs
QA/QC
On-site analysis v. Lab
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Test Program Team
1. EPA - QAQPS - Gary McAlister
919-541-1062
m calister.gary@ epam ail.epa.gov
2. Geom atrix - Ken Richm ond
425-921-4014
krichm ond@geom atrix.com
3. Interpoll Laboratories - Dan Despen
763-786-6020 x46 dan.despen@ interpoll-labs.com
4. NCASI - Dr. David W ord
352-331-1745 x 241 d_word@ src-ncasi.org
5. Oregon State University - Dr. Mike Milota
541-737-4210
m ike.m ilota@ oregonstate.edu
6. Potlatch Corporation - Bernie W ilm arth
208-245-7517
bernie.wilm arth@ potlatchcorp.com
Em ission Factor References
1. EPA Em issions Factors, PCW P MACT (FR Vol. 71, No. 32/Thursday, February 16,
2006).
2. June 9, 2000 letter to Mary Tom Kissle (EPA) from Katie Hanks, MRI (Docket),
Subject” Em issions Estim ates (OAR-2003-0048-0189)
3. Milota, M.R. “Sm all-Scale Kiln Study Utilizing Ponderosa Pine, Lodgepole Pine, W hite
Fir, and Douglas Fir” report to Interm ountain Forest Association
4. Milota, M.R., VOC Em issions from Douglas-fir: Com paring a com m ercial and a
laboratory kiln, Forest Products Journal, vol. 50, No. 7/8.
5. A com parative study of VOC em issions from sm all-scale and full scale lum ber kiln
drying southern pine, NCASI TB-845, May 2002.
6. A sm all-scale kiln study on Method 25A m easurem ents of volatile organic com pound
em issions from lum ber drying, NCASI TB-718, July 1996.
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