2014
Physical Therapist Assistant Student
Handbook & Policy Manual
Calhoun Community College
Health Division
Welcome to the Physical Therapy Assistant Program of Calhoun Community College. The coming months should prove
to be challenging and exciting as you prepare for your career as a physical therapist assistant.
The policies and regulations contained within this manual are specific to the PTA program and are in addition to
those required by the College as stated in the current Calhoun Community College Catalog and Student Handbook.
The purpose of this manual is to provide information for PTA students and faculty. As a result of the
implementation of these policies, it is expected that:
1.
2.
Instructors will be able to make decisions and give consistent advice to students.
Students will receive consistent, equitable treatment throughout their time in the program.
Unless otherwise stated in this manual, a student who fails to comply with these policies will be advised by PTA
faculty in order that policy noncompliance may be resolved. The student with continued noncompliance will be
referred to the Allied Health Department Chair and/or the Division of Health Dean to determine the consequences
of the behavior. The possible outcome may be a full disciplinary hearing convened by the Dean of Student Affairs.
The College assumes that entering students are adults who have developed mature behavior patterns, positive
attitudes, and conduct above reproach. Students are treated in accordance with this belief. The College reserves
the right to discipline any student whose on- or off- campus behavior is considered undesirable or harmful to the
College.
Unless otherwise designated in a course syllabus, the policies in this manual cover a period of two years. However,
policies for the PTA program and Health Division are subject to change at any time. For your benefit it is important
for you to read and understand this Handbook in its entirety. It contains important information to ensure you
have a safe and successful experience while enrolled in the PTA program. After you have read this handbook,
please sign the PTA Student Handbook Agreement and return it to the Allied Health Secretary to be placed in your
permanent file.
If you have any questions, please feel free to ask. Again, welcome to the PTA program.
Heather MacKrell, PT, PhD
Program Director
It is the official policy of the Alabama State Department of Education and of Calhoun Community College that no person shall, on the grounds of
race, color, disability, sex, religion, creed, national origin, or age, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to
discrimination under any program, activity or employment.
1
Physical Therapist Assistant Program
Student Handbook and Policy Manual
Table of Contents
Welcome
Contact Information
...............................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………..
1
4
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
I. Program Overview
Mission........................................................................
Vision ……………………………………………………………………..
Philosophy …………………………………………………………….
Student Learning Objectives.......................................
Program Goals ………………………………………………………..
Degree..........................................................................
Accreditation................................................................
II. Conduct
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Student Code of Conduct & Disciplinary Procedures
Academic Dishonesty ………………………………………………
Grievance Procedures ……………………………………………..
Professional Conduct ………………………………………………
Professional Opportunities ………………………………………
Licensure …………………………………………………………………
7
8
8
9
9
10
III. Curriculum
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
Plan …………………………………………………………………………
PTA Course Descriptions ………………………………………….
Instructional Methods ……………………………………………
Academic Progression ……………………………………………
Evaluation ………………………………………………………………
Grading Scale …………………………………….……………………
Readmission Policies ………………………………………………
Examination Policies ………………………………………………
Class Attendance & Tardy Policies
1. Class roll ………………………………………………
2. Tardiness …………………………………………….
3. Absence from class ………………………………
4. Absence from a test …………………………….
5. Class cancellation ………………………………..
J. Special Consideration / Hardship Policy …………………
K. Uniform Policy …………………………………………………………
L. Cellular phones & pagers …………………………………………
M. Recording devices …………………………………………………
N. Computer use ………………………………………………………….
O. Tobacco Policy ………………………………………………………
2
11-12
13-16
17
17
18
18
18
19-22
23
23
23
23
23
23-24
24-25
25
25
25-26
26
P.
Q.
R.
S.
T.
Visitors ……………………………………………………………………
Communication channels ………………………………………..
Faculty office hours ……………………………………………….
Student records ……………………………………………………
Laboratory experiences
1. Dress code …………………………………………
2. Hours ………………………………………………….
3. Lab safety …………………………………………..
26
26
27
27
27
27
28
IV. Health and Safety
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Campus Safety ………………………………………………….
Americans with Disabilities Act ………………………….
Essential Functions ……………………………………………
Background Check Policy ……………………………………
Student Drug Testing Policy ………………………………
Student Health …………………..…………………………….
1. Tuberculosis screening …………………….
2. Hepatitis B vaccination ………………………
G. Liability Insurance ……………….…………………………….
H. CPR Certification ………………………………………………..
I. Communicable Disease Policy …………………………….
J. Infection Control Policy ………………………………………
29
30
30-32
33-36
36-40
41
41
41-43
43
43
43-44
44-46
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
Introduction ……………………………………………………….
Assignments ……………………………………………………….
Transportation ……………………………………………………
Inclement Weather / Clinical Cancellation …………
Cellular Phones and Pagers …………………………………
General Clinical Expectations ……………………………
Patient Confidentiality ………………………………………
Student / Instructor Confidentiality ……………………
Clinical Faculty Rights …………………………………………
Patient Rights ……………………………………………………
Unsafe / Unprofessional Practice ………………………..
Clinical Evaluation ………………………………………………
Clinical Dress Code ……………………………………………
Disciplinary Action ………………………………………………
Compensation ……………………………………………………
Student safety during clinical ……………………………
Injury during clinical …………………………………………
Incident reporting ………………………………………………
47
47
47
48
48
48-49
49-50
50
50
51
51
52
52-53
53
54
54
54
55
CCC PTA Program Incident Report ………………………
Request for Health Record Release …………………….
Health Form Addendum ……………………………………
Hardship Form …………………………………………………….
Student Circumstance Form …………………………………
Exam Question Review Form ………………………………..
CCC Decatur Campus Evacuation Plan …………………
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
V. Clinical Education
Appendix
3
Calhoun Community College
Division of Health
PTA Program Faculty
Heather MacKrell, PT, PhD
Program Director
(256) 306-2805
hlm@calhoun.edu
Tiffany Day, PTA
Academic Coordinator of Clinical Education
(256) 260-2439
tsd@calhoun.edu
Joy Williams, PT - Adjunct Faculty
Mary Thompson, PTA – Adjunct Faculty
Administration and Staff
Bret McGill
Health Division Dean
(256) 306-2861
jbm@calhoun.edu
Mark Brannon
Allied Health Department Chair
(256) 306-2854
msb@calhoun.edu
Annette LeCroix
Allied Health Secretary
(256) 306-2786
atl@calhoun.edu
Barbara Bozeman, RN
Instructional Coordinator
(256) 260-2491
bab@calhoun.edu
4
I.
Physical Therapist Assistant Program Overview
A. Mission
The mission of the Physical Therapist Assistant Program is to graduate knowledgeable, skilled,
competent, professional, and service-oriented entry level Physical Therapist Assistants who, under the
direction and supervision of the Physical Therapist, provide quality physical therapy care that meets the
needs of employers and the general public.
B. Vision
The Calhoun Community College Physical Therapist Assistant Program is committed to student success.
The program seeks to provide students with the knowledge to demonstrate technical competence in
entry level physical therapy skills, make sound clinical decisions, and provide safe, effective, and
compassionate physical therapy care to a diverse patient population. The program seeks to graduate
individuals that exemplify professionalism in health care.
C. Philosophy

The PTA program believes that physical therapy is an essential component in the promotion of
health, the prevention of disability and restoration of function following injury or illness, and that
the physical therapist assistant, practicing under the direction and supervision of a physical
therapist, is a vital member of the health care team who promotes awareness of the profession.

We believe our mission is fulfilled by a scientific educational plan with a strong clinical component
which presents instruction in a logical sequence and provides ample opportunity for knowledge
acquisition and the development of critical-thinking, problem-solving, and psychomotor skills. We
also believe in curriculum which emphasizes the humanistic aspects of patient care as well as
professional behaviors that facilitate positive therapeutic relationships with patients including
respect and sensitivity for ethnic, cultural, and spiritual differences.

We believe learning is a shared process in which both the student and instructor accept
responsibility for the learning objectives. As adult learners, PTA students are expected to actively
participate in the learning process, effectively communicate their needs to appropriate individuals,
and fully utilize the opportunities provided by the educational program. We believe learning is more
likely to occur in an atmosphere in which students feel respected and accepted.

We believe PTA education responds to changes in health care and incorporates those changes into
the educational plan. Therefore, the program collaborates with clinical education facilities,
graduates and employers, and values active input from all in the community which it serves.
5
D. Student Learning Objectives
Upon successful completion of the PTA program the student will:
1. Provide safe and effective treatments under the direction and supervision of the physical therapist.
2. Exhibit ethical, legal, and professional behavior that adheres to the practice standards of a PTA.
3. Demonstrate clinical competencies of an entry level PTA.
4. Communicate effectively with patients, families and healthcare team members regarding physical
therapy.
E. PTA Program Goals






At least 80% of PTA graduates will pass the licensure exam on the first attempt.
At least 80% of employers will rate the CCC PTA graduate as being adequately prepared for
entry into practice.
At least 90% of graduates will be employed or have the potential for employment as a PTA
within 6 months of graduation.
At least 90% of PTA graduates will indicate satisfaction with the overall adequacy of preparation
for entry level PTA practice.
The attrition rate of enrolled student in the PTA program will be 30% or less per cohort.
The program attains and maintains full CAPTE accreditation status at all times.
The learning objectives and program goals are established to help ensure overall success of the
educational program and its students and as a means of evaluating program effectiveness in supporting
the mission of Calhoun Community College.
F. An Associate in Applied Science Degree in Physical Therapist Assistant will be awarded
to graduates of the program by Calhoun Community College.
G. Accreditation Status
The Physical Therapist Assistant Program at Calhoun Community College is accredited by the
Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE), 1111 North Fairfax Street,
Alexandria, Virginia 22314; telephone: 703-706-3245; email: accreditation@apta.org; website:
www.capteonline.org.
Any person may submit to CAPTE a complaint about an accredited program. CAPTE will investigate and
take action on any complaint filed in accordance with its’ Rules of Practice and Procedure.
6
II.
Conduct
A. Student Code of Conduct and Disciplinary Procedures
All students of Calhoun Community College shall be expected to conduct themselves in an honorable,
ethical fashion. However, in the event of proven misconduct, appropriate disciplinary action will be
taken. The following sections address the Student Code of Conduct, as well as the College’s disciplinary
procedures.
Misconduct Defined. A student shall be subject to disciplinary action by the College, up to and including
dismissal, for misconduct on any property owned or controlled by the College, or off campus at any
function which is authorized, sponsored, or conducted by the College or in parking lots adjacent to areas
or buildings where College functions are being conducted. Such misconduct shall include the
commission of, the attempt to commit, or the solicitation of any of the following offenses:
1. Any form of dishonesty, including cheating, plagiarism, or furnishing false information to the College.
Cheating is defined, for academic purposes, to include, but not be limited to, the use of
unauthorized aids (such as crib sheets or other items such as written materials; drawings; lab
reports; discarded computer printouts, stored information, or programs); unauthorized
assistance on take-home exams or projects; copying, or copying from, another student’s work;
soliciting, providing, and/or receiving any unauthorized aid or assistance (whether orally or in
writing); or similar or equivalent acts contrary to the principles of academic honesty.
Plagiarism is defined to include the act of using in one’s work, or as one’s work, the work of
another without clearly indicating that the work is someone else’s and stating the source of the
other’s work.
2. Forgery, alteration, or misuse of College documents, records or identification.
3. *Intoxication from, or the use, display, or possession of, alcoholic beverages or any controlled
substance (drug), as outlined by the Code of Alabama, unless the student has a valid prescription for
the use of the respective controlled substance.
4. Use, possession, or distribution of firearms, ammunition, fireworks, or any type of explosive or
incendiary device or material. Only duly constituted law enforcement officers may possess firearms
on campus.
5. Disorderly or disruptive conduct, including rioting, inciting to riot, assembling to riot, raiding, inciting
to raid, and assembling to raid college properties. This offense also includes in-class behavior, which,
in the opinion of the respective instructor, unduly disrupts the order of a class.
6. Lewd, indecent, obscene, or unduly offensive behavior or expression. This offense includes, but is
not limited to, the usage of verbal or symbolic expressions, which would tend to be reasonably
interpreted as insulting to one’s race, gender, religion, age, national origin, or disability.
7. Participation in any form of gambling.
7
8. Unauthorized entry to College facilities.
9. Unauthorized possession of a key to College facilities.
10. Unauthorized interference with the use of or access to a College facility.
11. *Theft of, or intentional damage to, property of the College or to the property of any member of the
College community or visitor to the College.
12. *Intentional misuse of any College fire alarm or fire-fighting equipment.
13. *Actual or threatened physical abuse of any person, including hazing or any other act, which would
tend to endanger the health or safety of any person.
14. *Failure to promptly comply with directions of college officials or law enforcement officers acting in
the performance of their duties as such officials and officers.
15. The wearing of attire which, in the opinion of the administration of the College, is lewd or immodest
to the extent that it would tend to disrupt the educational process and/or infringe upon the rights of
any other student or employee of the College.
16. Violation of any College policy or regulation as published or referred to in the College catalog or
student handbook, including, but not limited to, those governing the time, place and manner of
public expression; the registration of student organizations; and use of parking of motor vehicles on
the campus.
17. Violation of any Federal, State, or local law or ordinance.
*The commission of any of these particular offenses will subject the student to immediate, automatic
disciplinary suspension or expulsion from the College, if the Dean for Student Affairs has probable
cause to believe that the respective student committed such an offense. In such case, the Dean for
Student Affairs will set a hearing for the earliest reasonable date after the alleged occurrence of the
violation.
B. Academic Dishonesty
All written assignments and examinations must be the student’s own work and should not be done in
collaboration with others. ACADEMIC DISHONESTY WILL NOT BE TOLERATED. (See College Catalog for
procedures pertaining to academic honesty.)
C. Grievance Procedures
Refer to the Calhoun Community College Student Handbook for Code of Conduct and Student
Disciplinary Procedures.
8
D. Professional Conduct
When choosing a profession, an individual must be willing to assume professional behavior inherent to
that profession. This begins in the classroom and continues in the clinic. Therefore, the Calhoun
Community College PTA program expects students to demonstrate absolute academic integrity, and
moral, ethical, and professional behavior both in the classroom and in the clinical setting. Professional
conduct includes, but is not limited to:









Behavior and language that demonstrates respects for all persons, including other students,
faculty, patients, families, coworkers, and other professionals.
Treating all persons equally without regard to religion, race, gender, sexual preference, marital
status, age, beliefs, disability, or cultural differences.
Keeping all patient, clinical facility, and student information confidential.
Dressing appropriately.
Taking care of school and facility property.
Following instructions and adhering to policies and procedures.
Refraining from disorderly conduct, horseplay, and sexual harassment.
Not engaging in illegal or unethical acts.
Being prompt and prepared for all learning experiences.
Students and faculty are expected to abide by all ethical guidelines outlined in the APTA Code of Ethics
as set forth by the American Physical Therapy Association (www.apta.org) and the rules and regulations
governing the State of Alabama Board of Physical Therapy (www.pt.state.al.us).
Further, students must also abide by the same regulations, policies, and professional expectations as
employees of assigned facilities for clinical experiences. These regulations are in addition to those of
Calhoun Community College and the Physical Therapist Assistant Program. In addition, some facilities to
which students are assigned have requirements specific to students. Students may be subject to
discipline by the program for any violation of these regulations.
E. Professional Opportunities
In order to keep abreast with new developments and maintain a high degree of professionalism,
physical therapist assistants are encouraged to join and become active in the American Physical Therapy
Association (APTA). Student membership in the APTA is offered at affordable rates and provides
resources and opportunities to will help you learn, network, and grow as you develop your career.
American Physical Therapy Association
1111 North Fairfax Street
Alexandria, VA 22314-1488
1-800-999-2782, ext. 3124
www.apta.org
9
F.
Licensure
Physical therapist assistants must be licensed to practice in most states. According to the State of
Alabama Board of Physical Therapy “licensure shall be refused to any applicant who is of other than good
moral character. The determination as to what constitutes other than good moral character and
reputation shall be solely within the judgment of the board.”
Grounds for refusal of licensure may include but are not limited to:
A. a history of using drugs or intoxicating liquors to an extent which affects professional
competency,
B. conviction of a felony or of a crime involving moral turpitude,
C. an attempt to obtain or obtaining a license by fraud or deception,
D. guilt of conduct unbecoming a person licensed as a physical therapist or licensed as a physical
therapist assistant,
E. or of conduct detrimental to the best interest of the public,
F. conviction of violating any state or federal narcotic law.
More information regarding this and other State of Alabama Physical Therapy Board policies can be found
at http://www.pt.alabama.gov/.
10
III.
Curriculum
PTA Program
Curriculum Plan
Semester 1
Fall
EMS 106
PTA 200
PTA 250
PTA 220
PTA 221
BIO 201
ORI 100
Lecture
Hrs /week
Medical Terminology
Physical Therapy Issues & Trends
Therapeutic Procedures I
Functional Anatomy & Kinesiology
Kinesiology Lab
Human Anatomy & Physiology I
Orientation to College
2
2
2
3
3
1
Lab
Hrs/week
6
3
2
Total
Semester 2
Spring
PTA 251
PTA 252
PTA 240
PTA 202
BIO 202
Therapeutic Procedures II
Physical Agents & Therapeutic Modalities
Physical Disabilities I
PTA Communication Skills
Human Anatomy & Physiology II
2
2
2
2
3
6
2
Total
Semester 3
Summer
PTA 230
PTA 232
PTA 290
ENG 101
Elective
Neuroscience
Orthopedics for the PTA
Therapeutic Exercise
English Composition I
Humanities, Religion, Foreign Language, Fine Arts
2
2
3
3
3
Total
Semester 4
Fall
PTA 260
PTA 266
PTA 231
PTA 241
PSY 200
SPH107/116
MTH 100
Clinical Education I*
Clinical Fieldwork I*
Rehabilitation Techniques
Physical Disabilities II
General Psychology
Speech Elective
Intermediate College Algebra
2
3
3
Total
Program Total
11
4
2
2
2
4
14
2
2
1
3
3
11
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
16
15
5
10
3
1
2
2
3
3
14
72
2
3
3
3
Clinical Affiliation I*
Clinical Education II*
Clinical Fieldwork II*
Physical Therapist Assistant Seminar
Human Growth & Development
Microcomputer Applications
2
2
4
3
1
4
1
17
5
10
6
Total
Semester 5
Spring
PTA 263
PTA 261
PTA 267
PTA 201
PSY 210
CIS 146
Credit
Hours
A. Curriculum Plan

The general education courses are sequenced in the curriculum plan to support learning in
the PTA program. Students may elect to take the general education requirements in any
order or complete prior to enrollment in the program with the exception of Medical
Terminology (EMS 106) which must be successfully completed by the end of the first
semester. General education courses must be taken and passed with a C or higher prior to
graduating from the PTA program.

Lab and lecture hours are the calculated class time each week based on a 15 week semester.

During *clinical courses, the student will be in the clinical setting full time Monday through
Friday.
.
12
B. Physical Therapist Assistant Course Descriptions
PTA courses must be taken sequentially as noted in the preceding curriculum plan as the courses in each
semester are prerequisites for the following semester. A student must pass all PTA courses prior to
beginning courses the following semester.
EMS 106 Medical Terminology
This course is an introduction to the language of medicine. Emphasis is on terminology of anatomical
systems, root forms, prefixes and suffixes, surgery, symptomatology, psychiatric terms, pharmaceutical
terms, anesthetic terms, and abbreviation. Upon completion the student should be able to recognize
this terminology as it is used in physical therapy.
PTA 200 Physical Therapy Issues and Trends
PREREQUISITE: Admittance into PTA program
This is an introductory course to the trends and issues in physical therapy. Emphasis is placed on areas
such as history, practice issues, psychosocial aspects of illness and cultural diversity. Upon completion
the student should be able to discuss trends and issues relevant to physical therapy.
PTA 250 Therapeutic Procedures I
PREREQUISITE: Admittance into PTA program
This laboratory course provides a hands-on introduction to the principles and procedures of therapeutic
physical therapy intervention. Emphasis is on basic patient care skills and procedures utilized in physical
therapy. Upon completion, the student should be able to demonstrate safe and effective delivery of
those procedures with an in-depth understanding of the rationale for each treatment.
PTA 220 Functional Anatomy and Kinesiology
COREQUISITE: PTA 221
PREREQUISITE: Admittance into PTA program
This course provides an in-depth, clinically oriented study of functional anatomy. Emphasis is placed on
the musculoskeletal system and nervous system, and the study of human movement. Upon completion
the student should be able to identify specific anatomical structures and analyze human movements.
PTA 221 Kinesiology Lab
COREQUISITE: PTA 220
PREREQUISITE: Admittance into PTA program
This laboratory course allows for a hands-on appreciation of functional anatomy and kinesiology.
Emphasis may include muscle and joint function, ROM/strength testing, palpation skills and exercise
concepts. Upon completion the student should be able to integrate content areas into an understanding
of normal gait posture and movement patterns.
13
PTA 251 Therapeutic Procedures II
COREQUISITE: PTA 252
PREREQUISITE: PTA 200, PTA 220, PTA 221, PTA 250
This laboratory course is a continued study of the principles and procedures of therapeutic PT
intervention. Emphasis is on advanced physical therapy interventions and procedures and their
rationale. Upon completion the student should be able to demonstrate safe and effective delivery with
an in-depth understanding of each.
PTA 252 Physical Agents and Therapeutic Modalities
COREQUISITE: PTA 251
PREREQUISITE: PTA 200, PTA 220, PTA 221, PTA 250
This course provides the student with the theoretical basis for the use of physical agents such as heat,
cold, electricity, light, water and therapeutic modalities utilized in physical therapy. Emphasis is placed
on modalities such as hydrotherapy, various forms of electrical stimulation, ultrasound, traction and
diathermy. Upon completion of the course the student will understand the physiological effects,
indications and contraindication, advantages and disadvantages of utilizing these modalities in physical
therapy.
PTA 240 Physical Disabilities I
PREREQUISITE: PTA 200, PTA 220, PTA 221, PTA 250
This course presents the student with a body systems approach to the etiology, pathology,
signs/symptoms and treatment of conditions seen in PT. Emphasis may include conditions most
commonly treated in physical therapy. Upon completion the student should be able to discuss basic
pathological processes, treatment options and prognoses of conditions studied.
PTA 202 PTA Communication Skills
PREREQUISITE: PTA 200, PTA 220, PTA 221, PTA 250
This course is the study of verbal and nonverbal communication and documentation in health care.
Emphasis will be placed on terminology, format, computer usage, reimbursement, interpersonal
communications, and legal issues. Upon completion the student should be able to discuss and
demonstrate communication methods for achieving effective interaction with patients, families, the
public and other health care providers.
PTA 230 Neuroscience
PREREQUISITE: PTA 200, PTA 220, PTA 221, PTA 250, PTA 251, PTA 252, PTA 240, PTA 202
This course provides students with an overview of the neuroanatomy of the CNS and PNS, as it relates to
treatment necessary for patients with dysfunctions of these systems. Emphasis includes the structure
and function of the nervous system, neurophysiological concepts, human growth and development,
neurologic dysfunctions. Upon completion the student should be able to identify and discuss specific
anatomical structures, functions of the nervous system, basic concepts of human growth and
development and identify neurologic pathologies.
14
PTA 232 Orthopedics for the PTA
COREQUISITE: PTA 290
PREREQUISITE: PTA 200, PTA 220, PTA 221, PTA 250, PTA 251, PTA 252, PTA 240, PTA 202
This course provides the student with an overview of orthopedic conditions seen in physical therapy.
Emphasis is on the study of orthopedic conditions and appropriate physical therapy interventions and a
review of related anatomical structures. Upon completion of the course the student should be able to
discuss PT interventions for common orthopedic conditions.
PTA 290 Therapeutic Exercise
COREQUISITE: PTA 232
PREREQUISITE: PTA 200, PTA 220, PTA 221, PTA 250, PTA 251, PTA 252, PTA 240, PTA 202
This lab course covers exercise techniques commonly used in PTA practice. It may include aquatics.
isometric, isotonic, isokinetic, pylometric, Swiss ball, and aerobic exercise. Upon completion the student
should have entry level skills in exercise application.
PTA 260 Clinical Education I
PREREQUISITE: All prior coursework
This clinical experience is designed to introduce the student to the practice of physical therapy through
interaction in the health care environment. The course entails on-going communication between the
clinical instructor, student and course coordinator. Upon completion of the course, the student should
be able to safely and effectively apply procedures and techniques previously attained in the classroom.
PTA 266 Clinical Field Work I
PREREQUISITE: All prior coursework
This clinical class will provide an intensive and extended clinical interaction in the health care
environment. The course entails on-going communication between the clinical instructor, student, and
course coordinator. The student will safely and effectively apply procedures and techniques previously
attained in the classroom.
231 Rehabilitation Techniques
COREQUISITE: PTA 241
PREREQUISITE: PTA 200, PTA 220, PTA 221, PTA 250, PTA 240, PTA 251, PTA 252, PTA 202, PTA 230,
PTA 232, PTA 290
This course allows for hands on appreciation of advanced rehabilitation techniques. Emphasis is on
orthopedic and neurologic treatment techniques, therapeutic exercise procedures and analysis and
treatment of pathologic gait. Upon completion the student should be able to demonstrate an
understanding of advanced rehabilitation techniques appropriate to orthopedic and neurologic
dysfunctions.
15
PTA 241 Physical Disabilities II
COREQUISITE: PTA 231
PREREQUISITE: PTA 200, PTA 220, PTA 221, PTA 250, PTA 240, PTA 251, PTA 252, PTA 202, PTA 230,
PTA 232, PTA 290
This course continues a body systems approach to study of common PT pathologies. Emphasis includes
various neurological pathologies with additional focus on the needs of special populations. Upon
completion the student should be able to discuss PT interventions appropriate to a variety of diagnoses.
PTA 263 Clinical Affiliation I
PREREQUISITE: All prior coursework
This clinical class will provide clinical interaction in the health care environment. The course entails ongoing communication between the clinical instructor, student, and course coordinator. Upon
completion, the student should be able to safely and effectively apply procedures and techniques
previously attained in the classroom.
PTA 261 Clinical Education II
PREREQUISITE: All prior coursework
This clinical class is a continuation of PTA 260 which is designed to introduce the student to the practice
of physical therapy through interaction in the health care environment. The course entails on-going
communication between the clinical instructor, student, and course coordinator. The student will safely
and effectively apply procedures and techniques previously attained in the classroom.
PTA 267 Clinical Field Work II
PREREQUISITE: All prior coursework
This clinical class is a continuation of PTA 266 and will provide clinical interaction in the health care
environment. The course entails on-going communication between the clinical instructor, student and
course coordinator. The student will safely and effectively apply procedures and techniques previously
attained in the classroom.
PTA 201 Physical Therapy Assistant Seminar
PREREQUISITE: PTA 200, PTA 220, PTA 221, PTA 250, PTA 240, PTA 251, PTA 252, PTA 202, PTA 230,
PTA 232, PTA 290, PTA 260, PTA 266, PTA 231, PTA 241, PTA 263, PTA 261, PTA 267
This course is a continuing study of issues and trends in physical therapy practice. Emphasis is placed on
issues such as licensure, job skills, board exam review, practitioner roles, legal and ethical issues. Upon
completion the student should have acquired necessary skills for transition from student to practitioner.
16
C. Instructional Methods
Students will learn through lecture, classroom group discussion, audio-visual presentations,
demonstrations, independent reading and study guide assignments, individual and group assignments,
patient models, computer assisted learning, case studies, supervised campus laboratory practice and
clinical experiences.
D. Academic Progression
In order to progress through the PTA program the student must:
1.
Have a letter grade of C (> or = 75%) in each PTA course in the program prior to taking subsequent
courses. If a student withdraws from a PTA course, the withdrawal will be treated, for readmission
purposes only, as a course failure.
2.
Enroll in all classes as designated by the curriculum plan which is sequential. A student must pass
all PTA courses in one semester prior to beginning any PTA class in the following semester.
3.
Have taken and passed all general education courses with a C or higher prior to graduating from
the PTA program.
4.
Demonstrate a satisfactory level of performance in all clinical areas on all clinical rotations utilizing
the PTA MACS.
5.
Successfully complete a comprehensive online examination in the final semester. Students are
given two attempts to pass the exam; the cost of the first exam is included in student fees but if a
second attempt is needed, the second examination fee must be paid by the student.
6.
Complete all PTA courses within 3 years of the date of initial enrollment in the PTA program.
SHOULD A STUDENT CHOOSE TO WITHDRAW FROM ANY OR ALL OF THEIR PTA CLASSES it is important to
discuss the matter with your instructor(s) prior to taking any action. If you decide following these
discussions to withdraw from a class or classes, please file the appropriate paperwork with the Admissions
Office.
17
E. Evaluation
Student learning is evaluated using a variety of methods including written examinations, written
assignments, campus laboratory skills validation and clinical learning experience performance evaluation.
Student absences may adversely affect outcomes.
Each PTA course has a syllabus that is the student-teacher agreement for that specific course. The syllabus
contains the course objectives which must be achieved to pass the course. The evaluation methods used to
assess learning and the breakdown of grading will be defined in the course syllabus. A minimal grade of C (>
or = to 75%) is necessary in order to achieve successful completion of any PTA course and to progress
through the program.
Students are responsible for all material taught in previous courses and may be tested on that content in
current courses. Therefore, students are encouraged to retain previous course syllabi.
F. Grading Scale
A - Excellent
B - Good
C - Average
D - Poor
F - Failure
(90 - 100)
(80 - 89)
(75 - 79)
(60 - 74)
(59 - below)
All course averages will be rounded to whole numbers for the purpose of grade assignment. Averages
ending in .00 to .44 will be rounded down; averages ending in .45 to .99 will be rounded to the next highest
integer.
All students are expected to participate in evaluations of the course, instructors, and clinical teaching
facilities. Student input is a valuable tool for course, instructor, and program improvement.
G. Readmission Policies
A student may be readmitted to the PTA program ONE TIME following a failure due to academic
performance or withdrawal from a PTA course.
Students who fail (< or = 74%) in 3 or more PTA classes in one semester will not be eligible for readmission.
Also, any student who has been removed from a class or a clinical experience due to unethical or
unprofessional behavior will NOT be considered for readmission to the program.
To be considered for readmission to the PTA program, the student must:
18
1. Arrange for a meeting with the program director, and other appropriate faculty, to develop an
action plan to be addressed by the student. The action plan will be determined by the program
director and may include enrollment in or review of previously completed courses. Failure by the
student to follow through with the stated requirements of the action plan will result in ineligibility
for readmission.
2. Reapply by submitting a new and complete current year PTA Program Application Packet.
3. Maintain a minimum cumulative grade point average of 2.0 for PTA courses.
Readmission to the PTA program will be evaluated by the PTA Admissions Committee and will be granted
only if all requirements are met and providing there is room in the class. Students who are readmitted
following a failure or withdrawal are considered to be using their second and final opportunity to complete
the PTA program.
H. Examination Policies
Every PTA course is a building block for clinical practice. Students must acquire a strong knowledge base
in order to be a successful clinician. Examinations are a means of assessing comprehension and the
mastery of course objectives.
General Policies
1. The PTA program grading policy is more stringent than the general college grading policy. In
order to pass a PTA course the student must receive a grade of 75% or greater. Students who
do not receive a minimum of 75% as a final grade in a course will not be allowed to progress in
the program. It is the belief of the faculty that having a strict grading policy will help to better
ensure student knowledge and competency. The CCC Personnel Handbook acknowledges that
“some programs / courses may have a higher grading system”.
2. Examinations are given to students after completion of a section of a course as deemed
appropriate by the course instructor to check student progress in learning. The schedule of
examinations is published in each course syllabus
3. Individual examination scores are calculated as a percentage of the total course grade, as
determined by the lead instructor, and published in the course syllabus. In certain courses, as
stated in the syllabus, test grades are first averaged to determine if a student has passed a
course. Then outcomes, participation, and homework assignments will be averaged into the
overall course grade after it is determined if the student has achieved a passing average on the
combined examination score.
4. As noted in the syllabus of certain courses, if a student fails to achieve a 75% grade on an
examination, they will be provided one make-up test for each test failed. Students must
complete the re-test with a 75% or better before the end of the course or as scheduled by the
19
instructor. The original test grade(s) will be used for computing the course examination
average.
5. Absence from a written test or laboratory exam:
A. If a student knows he/she must be absent the day of an examination, they may arrange
to take the exam prior to the scheduled date without penalty.
B. If a student is unable to be present for an exam due to unforeseen circumstances such
as illness, the student must contact the instructor PRIOR TO the exam. It is acceptable
to leave a message on voice mail. It is the student’s responsibility to approach the
instructor the first day back on campus to discuss a missed exam. Make-up exams are
provided at the discretion of faculty and students must be prepared to take the makeup exam the day of their return to campus.
C. If the course instructor is contacted and a make-up theory or lab exam is allowed, there
will be a ten (10) point deduction from the earned grade, regardless of the
circumstances prompting the missed exam.
D. Failure to contact the instructor prior to the exam start time and/or failure to schedule a
make-up test with the instructor on the first day of return to campus will result in a grade
of zero (0) for that test and no opportunity for make-up.
6. Tardiness to a written test or laboratory exam:
A. If a student arrives more than 15 minutes past the start of testing they will be
considered absent for the examination and will not be allowed to enter the room or
given the opportunity to take a make-up the exam.
7. Cell phones, other electronic devices, papers, and personal items may not be in sight during testing
or test review. If a cell phone or other electronic device is in evidence or emits noise which
disturbs the class during an examination, an instructor may choose to assign a zero (0) as the
examination grade. Students may not wear hats during examinations. Once testing begins,
students will not be allowed to exit the room until their examination is complete.
8. Students may request a review of an examination question. To be considered, the request should
be submitted within 5 working days of the results of testing and include a rationale and
references. A form for this purpose is included in the Appendix.
9. Examination grades will be posted within 1 week of testing. Grades may be posted in the
classroom and/or electronically by a 4 digit code number selected by the student. Grades will
not be given to students by telephone or email. Do not ask instructors about exam grades
unless more than 1 week has elapsed since the test.
10. If a student feels that he/she has been treated unfairly in any examination (written or laboratory
practical), the student should first discuss the concern with the instructor. If the concern is not
20
resolved, the student should bring the matter to the attention of the program director. The next
step would be to follow the guidelines for a grade appeal as stated in the Calhoun Community
College Catalog.
Written Examinations
1. Written / theory examinations may be composed of any of the following: multiple choice, truefalse, fill in the blank, short answer, matching &/or essay questions. The format of written
make-up exams will be at the discretion of the course instructor.
2. Written examination time will be limited to 90 minutes for every 100 questions. For example, given
a 50-question examination, 45 minutes will be allowed for completion. In specific instances, at the
discretion of the instructor, additional time may be allowed. Students who arrive to class tardy
after an examination has been started will not be granted additional time for testing
3. Written examinations will be reviewed in class. Cell phones may not be in evidence during an
examination review. If a student misses an exam review he/she may review their exam at a
later time under the supervision of faculty.
4. Multiple choice examinations will be graded electronically and test question analysis data
retained by faculty for the purpose of instructional improvement.
Laboratory Practical Examinations
1. Laboratory practical examinations are generally scenario based but may be skill specific
depending on the material being tested. Student performance is scored according to a skill
criteria grading sheet which is provided to the student at least one day prior to the examination.
2.
Laboratory practical examinations will be timed and filmed. Students are expected to critically
watch and self-assess their own skill performance.
3. Students must minimally attain a grade of 75% compliance with the skill criteria listed on the
grading sheet to pass the exam. Additionally, a student must meet 100% compliance with the
indicated critical safety elements.
4. If a student fails to achieve a 75% grade on the lab practical exam with 100% compliance on the
critical safety elements, it is the student’s responsibility to contact the course instructor for
follow up.
5. If a student has not demonstrated all critical safety elements, he/she must repeat the critical
safety portion of the lab practical exam. Upon successful completion of all critical safety
elements, a maximum grade of 70% will be recorded in the student's record.
21
6.
If a student fails both the skills criteria and critical safety elements portions of a lab practical
exam, he/she must repeat a similar entire exam.
7. A 75% average of all practical lab exams must be attained in order for the student to pass the
course. If a student fails the same laboratory practical examination for the third time, for either
a critical safety element failure or a skill criteria failure, it will constitute failure of the course and
the student will receive a failing grade in the class.
8. Prior to retaking a lab practical exam, a student must complete remediation as assigned by the
course instructor. Remediation may include any or all of the following: reviewing class
handouts, lecture notes, and books; completing extra assignments, additional skill practice,
video exam review and attending tutorials. Tutorials are given at the request of the student
after all the previous requirements have been met.
9. The course instructor will determine the date and time for a make-up lab practical exam.
10. Students who do not complete repeat lab exam requirements will receive a 0% for the failed
test. Assuming the student makes at least a 75% in the final course grade, the student will not
be assigned to clinical experiences until the remediation process is completed and the student
shows at least a 75% competency on the failed lab test.
Final Examinations
1. Final written and laboratory practical examinations are comprehensive given at the end of a
semester and may be scheduled on a date other than the usual class meeting time.
2. As designated in the course syllabus, in certain PTA classes, students must achieve a minimum
75% on the final course exam in order to successfully complete the course.
3. Attendance at final written and laboratory practical examinations is mandatory. Any student
who must miss the final examination has the responsibility of notifying his/her instructor to
make arrangements to take the final examination on an alternative date, if permitted. Failure to
attend the final exam will result in a grade of “0” unless permission is granted.
22
I. Class and Lab Attendance & Tardy Policies
Attendance policies of the PTA Program are commensurate with those of the College as stated in the CCC
Catalog. Class attendance is important for students to gain and demonstrate competencies in course
concepts and skills. Any class session missed, regardless of cause, reduces the academic opportunity of
the student to prepare for entering the profession as a Physical Therapist Assistant. It is expected that
students treat their classroom and lab time as professional and therefore all students should be present and
arrive on time for class.
1. Class Roll
Class roll will be taken at the beginning of each class. Any student who signs the class roll for another
will be subject to the Student Code of Conduct and Disciplinary Procedures policy located in the
Calhoun Community College Student Handbook. Roll may also be taken at the end of the class as the
individual instructor deems necessary.
2. Tardy Policy
Tardiness is defined as arriving after the scheduled start time of a class. If a student is not present for a
class roll, either at the beginning or end of class, a tardy will be assigned. Based on this policy, two
tardies may be issued for one class meeting.
3. Absence from class
Students should call the instructor or PTA Program staff if they know that they will be absent.
4. Absence from a test or tardiness to a test.
See Examination Policies.
5. On Campus Class Cancellation / Inclement Weather
If classes are cancelled because of inclement weather the college website, local radio stations WZYP,
WEUP, WAAY, WRSA, WBHP and WDRM and television stations WAFF-48, WAAY-31, WHNT-19 will be
contacted no later than 6:30 a.m. for day classes and 3:30 p.m. for evening classes. The CCC ALERT
system also sends notification of class cancellation to registered devices. Area radio and TV stations are
contacted ONLY when classes are canceled. Students are requested to check the CCC website rather
than call the Allied Health division or PTA faculty regarding college closure status.
J. Special Consideration / Hardship Policy
CCC and PTA program faculty are committed to assisting students to reach their academic goals and are
aware that unexpected personal circumstances may occur which may potentially disadvantage academic
23
performance and/or clinical requirements. Therefore, the PTA program seeks to provide special
consideration, as reasonable, to students in personal hardship situations.
Examples of exceptional circumstances outside the range of usual experiences which may be considered
to be a personal hardship could include serious illness, loss of a loved one, a personal loss due to a
natural disaster, domestic violence, crime, family breakdown, or other exceptional situations beyond the
student’s control. Temporary ailments such as headaches, colds and minor gastric upsets are not
serious medical conditions and car trouble, utility disruptions, and test anxiety cannot be accepted as
hardships.
A request for special consideration should be submitted in a timely manner, not after missing several
classes, failing a test or accruing multiple absences from clinical assignments. A Special Consideration/
Hardship Form can be found in the Appendix. Students may be asked to provide evidence to support a
hardship request such as documentation by a medical practitioner, lawyer, psychologist, social worker,
or a police report or death notice. All care will be taken to protect student confidentiality.
K. Health Division Classroom Uniform Policy
All students enrolled in a Calhoun Community College health division program are required to wear their
respective uniforms at all times in accordance with the clinical uniform policy while in the classroom and
laboratory setting. Students enrolled in a one semester program or the first semester of a multisemester program will be given a three week grace period before this policy is enforced. Students are
asked to comply with this policy prior to the implementation date. The official start date of this policy
will be provided by the instructor on the first day of class or during the program orientation for one
semester programs or the first semester of multi-semester programs. Students enrolled in multisemester health programs will not receive a grace period after their first semester in the program.
Students who are not dressed in accordance with the uniform policy, including properly worn student ID
badges, will not be allowed to remain in the classroom or laboratory setting until they are in full
compliance. Any missed work during this period of absence will be addressed by the program’s
standard attendance and make-up policy. Only the Health Division Dean, Director of Nursing, or Chair of
Allied Health can make alterations or acceptations to this policy on a case-by-case basis.
The PTA student uniform consists of:
 a royal blue polo-type shirt with an embroidered Program insignia (available at the campus
bookstore)
 khaki colored full length trousers
 a two-piece “scrub” uniform specific to the PTA program
 clean, flat, non-slip sole, closed toed shoes – brown, grey black, or white
 coordinating socks
 a plain leather or cloth belt
24

additionally, a white lab coat, jacket length, may be worn for warmth
Shirts must be tucked into pants. No denim, no camouflage pattern material, no shorts or Capri style slacks.
No insignias or other messages on belts. A wedding band, wrist watch, Medic-Alert bracelet and a single
stud earring per lobe are the only permissible jewelry. Tattoos must be covered.
Further details regarding professional appearance and grooming can be found under Section V. Clinical
Education.
L. Cellular Phones and Pagers
Pagers and cellular phones are allowed in the classroom, but MUST NOT emit an audible tone. Cellular
phones will not be answered during class. Communication by way of “text messaging” or “video
messaging” during class is strictly prohibited. Violation of this policy will be addressed according to the
College Catalog's policy on Student Responsibilities and Conduct Expectations.
If a cell phone or other electronic device goes off in class or during an examination, an instructor may
choose to assign a zero (0) to the class assignment or test.
M. Recording Devices
The use of recording devices, including camera phones and tape recorders, by students is prohibited
without instructor permission in classrooms, laboratories, faculty offices, and other locations where
instruction, tutoring, or testing occurs. Students with disabilities who need to use a recording device as
a reasonable accommodation should contact the Office for Students with Disabilities for information
regarding reasonable accommodations.
PTA students should expect to be videotaped, audio recorded, and/or photographed in the laboratory
setting for the purposes of instruction, safety, and evaluation. These recordings are the property of the
College but will be used solely by PTA faculty.
N. Computer Use Policy
PTA students should fully acquaint themselves with the Computer Use Policy found in the Calhoun
Community College Student Handbook. In addition, the following policies have been established to
facilitate the use of the computers in the Health Sciences Building including PTA classrooms and the
general computer laboratory, room 220.
1.
All software on the computers in the HSB is the property of Calhoun Community College. Copying
of the programs without authorization by the copyright owner(s) constitutes theft of property.
Illegal copying of programs, manuals and/or any materials by faculty or students is prohibited. It is
25
a violation of Federal Law. A violation of this policy shall result in disciplinary action which may
include dismissal.
2. Only software that is property of the college and licensed to the PTA Department can be used on
the computers. Monetary and/or other punitive consequences for violating computer software
license agreements will be borne by the individual involved.
3. Individual use of the computers is available based on the established schedule on a first come, first
serve basis. Structured class demands have priority over individual use.
5. The Computer Lab is for the use of current Calhoun students currently in the PTA, Nursing, and
Allied Health Departments and Faculty.
6. Only students using computers are permitted in the computer lab.
7. Food and drink are absolutely forbidden in the computer lab.
8. A low, soft voice should be used at all times.
9. Manuals and other assistance are available. Please ask questions if unsure what or how to do
something.
10. Individual areas should be left neat and in order.
11. Any problems encountered in the use of the computer and any other problems should be reported.
Please report problems to PTA program director.
O. Tobacco Use, Eating, and Drinking
Calhoun Community College has a tobacco-free policy which prohibits the use, distribution, or sale of
any tobacco product in college buildings or in or upon college premises or college vehicles. The policy
defines a tobacco product as any lighted or unlighted cigarette, cigar, pipe, bidi, clove cigarette, and any
other smoking product as well as smokeless or spit tobacco, also known as dip, chew, snuff or snus, in
any form. All employees, students, and visitors are requested to comply with this policy which remains in
force at all time. Those found to be in violation of the tobacco-free policy will be subject to a monetary fine.
Students are requested to refrain from eating during class. Beverages are acceptable in the classroom but
should be in a closed / spill-proof container to prevent damage to lab equipment. Breaks will be provided at
regular intervals.
P. Visitors
Visitors, including children and other family members, are NEVER allowed to attend classes, laboratory
skill check-offs or clinical facilities with students under any circumstances. No minors should ever be left
unattended in any building or parking lot of Calhoun Community College or a clinical agency.
Q. Communication Channels
Should any problem arise during the semester, the student is encouraged to strive to solve it with the
instructor or student involved. If no agreement is reached, consult the PTA program director. If the
program director cannot resolve the problem, the Allied Health Department Chair should be consulted. If
26
the Allied Health Chairperson cannot resolve the problem, then the Dean of Health Division should be
consulted.
R. Faculty Office Hours Policy
PTA program faculty is available during office hours for student conferences regarding questions,
concerns and/or course information. Office hours differ each semester depending on the faculty
teaching load. Appointments may be scheduled outside of office hour times if coordinated between the
student and faculty. Students are encouraged to contact faculty by telephone or email.
S. Student Records
Student records are securely maintained in faculty and/or administrative offices of the Health Division. These
records include but are not limited to evaluation materials. Students have the right to see any information
retained in their folder.
Students requiring a copy of Health Records from their files must submit a completed Health Record Release
Request form found at the back of this manual and allow a minimum of 2 business days for processing.
T. Laboratory Experiences
1. Laboratory Dress Code
Laboratory learning requires hands-on participation and lab attire that allows practice on,
palpation of, and observation of body segments. Each student is required to wear clothing for
all laboratory classes consisting of:
a. Females: halter top, sports bra, or other top which opens in the back to allow palpation and
observation of the trunk, front and back AND shorts from which the hip joint and upper
thigh can be exposed and/or palpated.
b. Males: Shorts from which the hip joint and upper thigh can be exposed and/or palpated;
upper body covering if used must allow exposure of the trunk, front and back.
Shirts and shorts must be plain. Students should be dressed in their scrub attire over lab shorts
and tops prior to the start of lab sessions. Scrubs must be worn over lab clothing when outside
of the PTA lab. Any student NOT IN LAB CLOTHES will be sent home.
27
2. Laboratory Hours Policy
The PTA Laboratory can be scheduled to use for practice time with the permission and
supervision of faculty. Students are encouraged to use the lab facilities for the study of PTA
materials.
3. Laboratory Safety
a. Students are to immediately bring to the attention of PTA faculty any damaged or
malfunctioning laboratory equipment in order that it can be removed from the lab until it is
repaired or replaced.
b. Intentional misuse of laboratory equipment by a student(s) will not be tolerated as it may
jeopardize the safety of others. Depending on the circumstances, such behavior could result in
dismissal from the PTA program.
c. Students are responsible for notifying faculty of any contraindications for any treatment or
technique practiced in the laboratory setting. Students are responsible for the application of
treatments but will be excused from acting as a patient and receiving the treatment in such
cases.
d. Students are only allowed to practice modality skills in the laboratory under the supervision of
faculty.
e. Any injury or potential injury of a student due to participation in laboratory experiences will be
evaluated by faculty to aid in determining the need to seek medical attention. A Health
Division Student Incident Report will be completed.
28
IV.
Health and Safety
A. Campus Safety
Effective emergency response requires personal preparedness and planning. Students are encouraged
to register with the CCC ALERT system which sends emergency messages including events that pose
imminent threat or danger and notice of class cancellations to as many devices the subscriber chooses
including cell phones (voice and/or text messaging), land lines, email accounts, or pagers.
Students are asked to assist in making the campus a safe place by being alert to suspicious situations
and promptly reporting such. If you observe a criminal act or are concerned about a person on campus,
immediately notify the campus police at 256-306-2911.
A behavioral emergency exists when an individual is threatening to cause harm to himself or others or is
demonstrating behavior which indicates the person may be out of touch with reality. Never try to
handle a situation on your own. Contact campus police immediately. In the event of a college lockdown
all faculty, staff, and students are to seek sanctuary in a room that can be closed and locked. Turn off
the lights, lock all windows and get away from the windows in order to remain out of line-of-sight.
In the event of threatening weather, emergency management sirens will be the primary warning signal
to alert faculty and students of the need to seek shelter. The designated shelter area in the Health
Sciences Building is the first floor hallway and restrooms with all corridor and classroom doors closed.
Building emergency coordinators are responsible for providing flashlights.
In the event of a medical emergency the campus police should be notified immediately in order to
contact appropriate medical agencies for assistance and direct them to where help is required.
Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) are strategically located across campus. In the Health Sciences
Building there is an AED on the first floor across from the elevator. Only individuals who have received
appropriate training should use these devices. The Health Division is fortunate to have expert EMS
faculty generally available in the building.
In the event of fire or smoke the campus police should be notified immediately. In the HSB fire alarms,
which are located at the end of the corridors, should be activated. If possible, try to safely contain a
fire. Fire extinguishers are located at the ends of the hallways on all floors of the HSB. If a fire alarm
sounds, it is necessary to evacuate the building. In the event of fire or smoke, notify campus security at
256-306-2911. Classes should agree upon an outside location to assemble to account for all individuals.
When evacuating the building, remember to close all doors, use only stairwells, not the elevator, and
assist disabled individuals.
In the event of a campus evacuation, emergency routes have been established for efficient clearing of
the parking lots and grounds. Please refer to the map in the Appendix, page 62.
29
B. Americans with Disabilities Act
Title III of the 1990 American with Disabilities Act provides comprehensive civil rights protection for
“qualified individuals with disabilities. The Alabama Community College System endorses the
Americans’ with Disabilities Act. If you have a disability that might require special materials, services, or
assistance, please contact Calhoun’s Disability Services Office in the Chasteen Student Center, Room 218
(Decatur Campus) or call (256) 306-2630 or (256) 306-2635.
C. Essential Functions
The mission of the Physical Therapist Assistant Program is dedicated to the academic and clinical
education of individuals who will function as care providers in a multiplicity of settings in which PTAs
practice. Implicit in the Program’s curriculum is the development of skills for treatment and therapeutic
client interactions.
Enrolled students are required to successfully complete both the academic and clinical requirements of
the program to receive the AAS degree. The purpose of the Essential Functions is to delineate the
cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills deemed the minimal necessary for admission, progression,
and graduation and for the provision of safe and effective patient care.
Prior to enrollment in the PTA program students were provided with the list of Essential Functions.
If a student cannot demonstrate the following skills and abilities, it is the responsibility of the student to
request an appropriate accommodation through the CCC Office of Disabled Students.
Cognitive learning skills: the student must be able to demonstrate the following abilities:
1. Retain and use information in the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domain in order to treat
patients.
2. Perform a physical therapy assessment of a patient’s posture and movement including analysis
of physical, biomechanical, and environmental factors in a timely manner, consistent with the
acceptable norms of all clinical settings.
3. Use information to execute physical therapy treatment in a timely manner appropriate for the
problems identified and consistent with the acceptable norms of all clinical settings.
4. Reassess the treatment plan as needed for effective and efficient management of physical
therapy problems in a timely manner, consistent with the acceptable norms of all clinical
settings.
Affective learning skills: the student must be able to demonstrate the following abilities:
1. Demonstrate appropriate affective behaviors and mental attitudes in order to not jeopardize
the emotional, physical, mental, and behavioral safety of patients and other individuals with
whom one interact in the academic and clinical setting and to be in compliance with the ethical
standards of the American Physical Therapy Association.
30
2. Cope with the mental and emotional rigors of a demanding educational program in physical
therapy that includes academic and clinical components that occur with set time constraints and
often concurrently.
3. Acknowledge and respect individual values and opinions in order to foster harmonious working
relationships with colleagues, peers and patients.
Psychomotor skills: the student must be able to demonstrate the following skills:
1. Sit and maintain upright posture.
2. Stand and maintain upright posture.
3. Locomotion:
a. Get to lecture, lab, and clinical locations in a timely manner
b. Move within rooms as needed for changing groups, lab partner and work stations, and
performs assigned clinical tasks
4. Manual tasks:
a. Safely maneuver self or move another individuals’ body parts to effectively perform
evaluation techniques
b. Safely maneuver or move clinical equipment from side to side, forward and backward or
from a lower to a higher position.
c. Manipulate common tools used for screening tests of the cranial nerves, sensation,
range of motion, and muscle testing procedures (e.g. cotton balls, safety pins, reflex
hammer, and goniometer)
d. Safely and effectively guide, facilitate, inhibit, and resist movement and motor patterns
through the use of facilitation and inhibition techniques, including ability to give time
urgent verbal and sensory feedback.
e. Safely move another individual’s body in transfers, gait, positioning, exercise and
mobilization technique.
f. Safely manipulate and move equipment and items to aid in the treatment of a patient
(i.e. bolsters, pillows, plinths, mats, gait assistance devices, other supports or chairs,
IV’s, monitors, etc.)
g. Competently perform CPR using guidelines issued by the American Heart Association or
the American Red Cross.
5. Fine motor/hand skills:
a. Legibly record/document progress notes in standard medical charts in hospital/clinical
settings in a timely manner and consistent with the acceptable norms of clinical settings.
b. Legibly record thoughts for written assessments
c. Palpate changes in an individual’s muscle tone, soft tissues, skin quality, joint play,
kinesthesia, and temperature in a timely manner and sense that individual’s response to
environmental changes and treatment
d. Apply and adjust therapeutic modalities
e. Apply and effectively position hands to apply soft tissue and mobilization techniques
31
6. Visual Acuity:
a. Obtain visual information from clients (e.g. movement, posture, body mechanics and
gait pattern)
b. Obtain visual information from treatment environment (e.g. dials on equipment,
assistive devices, furniture placement, and floor surfaces)
7. Communication skills:
a. Effectively communicate In English with other students, faculty, patients, peers, staff
and families to ask questions, explain conditions and procedures, teach home programs,
and to maintain safety in a timely manner and within the acceptable norms of academic
and clinical settings
b. Receive and interpret written communication in both academic and clinical settings in a
timely manner
c. Receive and send verbal communication in life threatening situations in a timely manner
within acceptable norms of clinical settings
8. Self-care:
a. Maintain general good health, self-care and hygiene in order not to jeopardize the
health and safety of self and individuals with which one interacts in the academic and
clinical settings
b. Arrange transportation and living accommodations for/during off campus clinical
assignments to foster timely reporting to the classroom and clinical site.
9. Auditory:
a. Effectively auscultate lungs, apical pulse, and blood pressure.
32
D. Background Check Policy
Education of health division students at Calhoun Community College requires collaboration between the
College and clinical affiliates as student instruction cannot be completed without a quality clinical
education component. The College shares an obligation with the clinical affiliates to protect the
affiliate’s patients from harm to the extent reasonably possible. The College also wishes to ensure that
the health and safety of students is not compromised and clinical affiliation agreements are maintained
to provide students with quality clinical education experiences. Healthcare educational programs are
contractually obligated to comply with the requirements set forth by clinical affiliates. It is therefore the
policy of Calhoun Community College Allied Health Department that students enrolling in health
profession programs, or classes that include a clinical rotation at contracted clinical affiliates, submit to
background checks. Those programs requiring background checks include, but are not limited to: the
Physical Therapist Assistant Program, Clinical Laboratory Technology, Emergency Medical Services,
Phlebotomy, and Surgical Technology.
1. Guidelines for Background Check on Health Profession Students
Persons to be Tested
Any student who is enrolled in an Allied Health program or course at Calhoun Community College that
requires a student clinical rotation will be required to undergo a background check.
Types of Background Checks
Students shall receive notification of the requirement for the background check prior to clinical rotations
in the PTA program.
The background check may include, but is not limited, to searches, histories, and verifications as
indicated below:
 Positive Identification
 Maiden/AKA Name Search
 Social Security Number Trace is verification that the number provided by the individual was
issued by the Social Security Administration and is not listed in the files of the deceased. The
SSN trace is also used to locate additional names and addresses.
 Residency History
 Education Verification
 Employment Verification which may include the reason for separation and eligibility for reemployment for each employer. The last seven years may be searched if the student is 21
years of age or older.
 Healthcare Employment Verification Network Search
 Professional License/Certification Verification
33


















Personal References/Interviews
Criminal Search reveals felony and misdemeanor convictions, and pending criminal cases
usually including the date, nature of the offense, sentencing date, disposition, and current
status. The criminal background check may occur in current and previous counties of
residence and employment through a search of court records. City, state, and/or federal
records may also be searched. Federal criminal cases may reveal tax evasion, fraud, drug
offenses, and other offenses.
Most Wanted List
National Criminal Database Searches, which includes a compilation of historical data,
collected from multiple sources in multiple states by background check companies.
Adult and Child Abuse/Neglect Registries
National Sex Offender/Predator Registry Search which includes a search of the state or
county repository for known sexual offenders.
Misconduct Registry Search
Office of the Inspector General (OIG) List of Excluded Individuals/Entities which identifies
those individuals who have committed offenses deeming them ineligible to care for patients
receiving Medicare, Medicaid and other Federal health care benefits.
General Services Administration (GSA) Excluded Parties List Service identifies the List of
Parties Excluded (EPLS) which identifies those excluded throughout the US Government
from receiving Federal contracts and certain types of Federal financial/non-financial
assistance/benefits.
Executive Order 13224 Terrorism Sanctions Regulations
Government Suspect/Watch List
Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) list of Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) which
includes individuals associated with terrorism and Narcotics Trafficking.
FACIS Database Searches includes OIG, GSA, OFAC and other sources.
National Healthcare Data Bank Search and Sanction Report may include
Medicare/Medicaid Sanction Search, OIG, GSA, and FDA Debarment Check.
Fingerprinting and the National Criminal Information Center which may reveal National
Wants and Warrants information.
International Criminal
Applicable State Exclusion List
Any Other Public Records
34
2. Consent
Students must sign the appropriate consent(s) acknowledging the requirement for a background check
at the time of application to a health care program. A copy of the signed consent(s) will be maintained in
the permanent student record. The student will provide applicable consent(s) to the college-designated
vendor conducting the background check. If the student is under eighteen (18) years of age, the
student’s parent or guardian must sign the consent form in addition to the student. This consent will
provide permission for: 1) the background vendor to perform required background checks, 2) the
background vendor to provide results to Calhoun Community College Allied Health Department, and 3)
the background vendor to provide results to any contracted clinical affiliate to determine eligibility for
clinical rotation.
3. Background Check Procedure
The background checks will be conducted by a college-designated vendor according to program specific
deadlines. Background checks performed by any other vendor or agency will not be accepted.
Students reinstated to a program after an absence from program coursework of one semester or more,
will have to repeat background testing.
The student will be responsible for the cost of the background check. Any student failing to pay the fee
in effect at the time of the background check by the published deadline and/or refusing to sign the
consent form(s) will not undergo a background check and will be prohibited from attending clinical
learning experiences. The student in this situation will be dismissed from the program. A grade of “F”
will be recorded for the course(s) if the student does not officially withdraw.
If a student is experiencing extenuating circumstances that prohibit completion of the background check
by the deadline, they should contact the healthcare program director who will determine if the student
will be allowed to proceed with the background check. No student will be allowed to attend a clinical
experience until the full background check process is completed.
4. Results
Background checks must be accomplished prior to assignment of any student for a clinical rotation and
annually thereafter for subsequent clinical rotations.
Results of the background check will be sent to the health care program director. A copy of all results
will be maintained in the office of the health care program. Designees at the clinical affiliate will be
provided with a copy of negative results for students assigned to that agency, as requested.
The student with a background check that renders them ineligible for a clinical rotation will be informed
of the results by the healthcare program designee and/or background check vendor.
35
Students with a background check that indicates ineligibility will be denied assignment to a clinical
facility. Students will be advised to contact the background check vendor to dispute any information
reported and to clear any findings of the background check.
Background checks which could render a student ineligible to obtain clinical learning experiences
include, but are not limited to, certain convictions or criminal charges which could jeopardize that health
and safety of patients, sanctions, or loss or revocation of professional licensure. Felony or repeated
misdemeanor activity within the past seven (7) years and Office of the Inspector General violations will
normally prohibit the obtainment of clinical learning experiences with clinical affiliate(s). Findings on
background checks can have licensure implications upon graduation from a health program. Each
clinical facility must and will have the discretion and authority to make the final decision regarding the
eligibility of any student to attend their facility for a clinical experience.
Students who are unable to resolve a background check resulting in ineligibility will be dismissed from
the health care program due to the inability to complete required clinical rotations. A grade of “F” will
be recorded for the course(s) if the student does not officially withdraw. The student will be advised by
a program director as to their eligibility for program re-entry and the mechanisms for reapplication to
the program.
Results will be securely filed in the office of the health program. The healthcare program designee will
have access to the results of the background check. Designees at the assigned clinical affiliates will be
provided results on students only upon specific request and only to determine student eligibility at their
facility.
Results of any student’s background screen will be shared only on a need to know basis with the
exception of legal, disciplinary or appeal actions which require access to the results.
Date of Policy Adoption: January 18, 2008
36
E. Student Drug Testing Policy
Calhoun Community College supports the concept of a Drug Free Workplace and prohibits the unlawful
manufacture, distribution, possession, or use of a controlled substance on any property owned, leased
or controlled by the college or during any activity conducted, sponsored, authorized by or on behalf of
Calhoun Community College. The college prohibits any form of on-campus (or campus affiliated) use
and/or possession of illegal drugs, drug paraphernalia, or alcoholic beverage by students, which is in
direct violation of local, state, and federal law. Students found to be involved in any of these activities
are subject to disciplinary action.
Education of health students at Calhoun Community College requires collaboration between the College
and clinical agencies as student instructions cannot be completed without a quality clinical education
component. The college shares an obligation with the contracted clinical facility to protect the facility’s
patients to the extent reasonably possible from harm due to students who are under the influence of
illegal drugs while in the clinical facility. Contracted clinical facilities require that Calhoun Community
College obtains a negative drug screen on each student prior to that student arriving at clinical facility
for his/her clinical rotation.
Therefore, it is the policy of Calhoun Community College that students enrolling in Allied Health courses
including, but not limited to, Clinical Laboratory Technology, Emergency Medical Services, Physical
Therapist Assistant, Phlebotomy, and Surgical Technology, submit to drug testing. This policy only
authorizes drug testing of students who voluntarily choose to enroll in Allied Health Department courses
that require clinical rotations.
1. Guidelines for Drug Testing
Persons to be tested
Any student who is enrolled in any Calhoun Community College Allied Health course that requires a
clinical rotation at a contracted healthcare facility will be required to submit to initial drug testing prior
to the first clinical rotation and annually thereafter.
Types of tests to be performed
A. Drug testing will occur prior to scheduling of clinical rotation and annually thereafter. Only
drug tests conducted by college authorized agencies will be accepted. Cost of drug testing will be paid
by the student directly to the drug screen provider as directed by the College. Drug tests will be
performed on random urine, blood, or saliva samples.
37
B. In addition to annual drug testing, further testing may be required of the student for cause or
at random intervals and may be either announced or unannounced. This testing will be required at the
discretion of the college or the clinical agency. Cost of the drug testing will be the responsibility of the
student.
Drugs to be tested
Testing will be performed but not limited to the following seven (7) drugs: amphetamines /
methamphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine metabolites, marijuana metabolites,
opiates, and phencyclidine. This list of tested drugs is subject to change. Testing for additional
substances may occur based on clinical affiliation agreement requirements.
Consent to drug testing
A. Upon application, the student provides written acknowledgement of the need for drug
testing. If the student is under (18) years of age, the student’s parent or legal guardian must
sign the acknowledgement.
B. The signed acknowledgement is maintained in the student permanent record.
C. Students have the right to refuse to consent to drug testing. However, students who decline
will be refused access to clinical education facilities and will be unable to achieve the required
clinical experience. Refusal to submit to drug testing will render the student unable to meet the
clinical rotation requirement of the Allied Health program or course. A grade of “F” will be
recorded for the course(s) if the student does not officially withdraw.
2. Drug Screening Procedure
A. The student will be given instructions that provide details regarding the drug screen vendor
chosen by CCC Allied Health Department.
B. This includes directions to drug screen premises, payment instructions, and procedural
information.
C. The drug screen vendor will: require student identification with current photograph; require
a signed authorization for testing and release of records; and perform specimen validity check,
testing, and reporting in accordance with their policies and the policies of CCC Allied Health
Department. These policies are available for student review upon request.
38
3. Medical review of positive drug test results
A. All specimens identified as positive on the initial test shall be confirmed by the testing
laboratory at no additional charge to the student. Any positive test result will be reviewed
by the vendor’s Medical Review Officer (MRO).
B. A Medical Review Officer, who shall be a licensed physician with knowledge of substance
abuse disorders, shall review and interpret positive test results. The MRO shall:
1. Examine alternate medical explanations for any positive test results. This action may
include conducting a medical interview and review of the student’s medical history or
review of any other relevant biomedical factors.
2. Review all medical records made available by the tested student when a confirmed
positive test could have resulted from legally prescribed medication. Prior to making a
final decision on the results of the confirmed positive test, the MRO shall give the
student an opportunity to discuss the results. The MRO may contact the student directly
to discuss the results of the test.
4. Reporting of drug test results
A. Written notification indicating either a “Negative” drug screen or “Further Testing Required”
shall be provided by the drug screen vendor to the Allied Health Department at Calhoun
Community College as soon as possible following initial testing. As further testing is completed,
a report of “Negative” or “Confirmed Positive” Test results shall be provided by the drug screen
vendor to the Allied Health Department at Calhoun Community College. Test results will not be
released to any individual who has not been authorized to receive such results. Students shall
not be allowed to hand deliver any test results to college representatives. Notification of drug
screening results can only be delivered in a manner that insures the integrity, accuracy and
confidentiality of the information.
B. Results of student drug screens will be kept in the student file. They may be provided to a
contracted clinical facility upon request.
5. Consequences for a confirmed positive drug testing or refusal to be tested
A. Confirmed Positive Test: A student with a confirmed positive drug test will be ineligible to
complete the required clinical rotation. Consequently, the student will receive a grade of “F” if
the student does not officially withdraw.
B. Refusal to be Tested: A student’s refusal at any point to be tested for drugs will result in
ineligibility to complete the required clinical rotation. Consequently, the student will receive a
39
grade of “F” if the student does not officially withdraw. The program director shall be notified
of any refusal to be tested.
Results of any student’s background screen will be shared only on a need to know basis with the
exception of legal, disciplinary or appeal actions which require access to the results.
Date of Policy Adoption: 1/18/2008
40
F. Student Health
Prior to clinical assignments, all students will be asked to submit a current CCC Allied Health Department
Student Health Form that has been completed by a Certified Registered Nurse Practitioner or Licensed
Physician. The form is furnished by the CCC Health Division and must be completed in its entirety, signed
and dated. The form will remain current for a two-year period from the date the examination was
performed. A current Student Health Form must be maintained throughout clinical rotations.
When there is probable cause, the Allied Health Department reserves the right to require a prospective
student, a student currently enrolled in the program, or a returning student to submit to psychological
testing/counseling, a drug screening and/or a physical examination by a licensed physician at the
student’s expense and to submit a report of the outcomes to the Allied Health Department. The Allied
Health Department will provide a specific form for this purpose, when applicable. All reports will be
reviewed by the Allied Health Department to determine if a student may be admitted, readmitted, or
retained in the PTA program.
Students are expected to notify faculty of changes in their health status that necessitate precaution or
would prohibit them from participation in lab or clinical activities due to personal safety concerns.
Students under the care of a physician for a temporary but limiting illness, injury, surgery, or due to
pregnancy and childbirth are required to submit a signed medical release allowing them to resume
laboratory and/or clinical participation. See Health Addendum in the back of this Handbook.
1. Tuberculosis Screening Requirement
All students must submit documented results of a PPD skin test for tuberculosis prior to beginning
clinical rotations. ANYONE HAVING A POSITIVE PPD SKIN TEST FOR TB IN THE PAST SHOULD NOT HAVE
THE PPD SKIN TEST REPEATED. Should the PPD skin test be positive or if you have had a positive PPD
skin test at any time in the past, you must submit the results of a chest x-ray. If a student is reinstated
to the PTA program, a repeat Mantoux test will be necessary as all healthcare personnel require annual
screening.
2. Hepatitis B Vaccine
All students admitted to the Allied Health Department programs are required to receive the Hepatitis B
vaccine or sign the appropriate waiver. The vaccine is a series of three injections. The student should have
completed the series prior to participating in clinical experiences. The second injection must be received
two months after the initial vaccination; the third injection must be received six months after the first
vaccination. Contact your personal physician for information on obtaining the vaccinations.
41
HEPATITIS B INFORMATION
Type B Hepatitis
Type B hepatitis is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The hepatitis B virus is
transmitted by infective blood or body fluids. Infective blood or body fluids can be introduced by
contaminated needles, by inadvertent or unnoticed contact with infectious secretions from skin lesions
or mucosal surfaces, or through sexual contact.
Hepatitis B is the most commonly reported type of hepatitis in the United States. It is an unpredictable
disease with a variety of presentations and outcomes. It is estimated that 60-75% of people who are
infected do not become ill. In this circumstance prior infection can only be detected by presence of
antibody in the blood. Acute symptomatic hepatitis B infection may result in serious liver injury which
may incapacitate a person for weeks to months. Approximately 6-10% of persons with type B hepatitis
become carriers of the virus and death occurs in 1-2% of patients either as a result of acute liver failure
or complications. Hepatitis B virus also has a role in the development of cirrhosis and liver cancer.
There is no effective treatment for hepatitis B infection or disease.
Hepatitis B Vaccine
The Recombinant hepatitis vaccine is a genetically designed vaccine derived from yeast (not plasma). It
is indicated for active immunization against infection caused by all known subtypes of hepatitis B virus.
It will not prevent hepatitis caused by other agents, such as hepatitis A virus, non-A, non-B hepatitis
viruses, or other viruses known to infect the liver. Full immunization requires three (3) intramuscular
doses of vaccine given over a six month period. In an adult the vaccine should be administered in the
deltoid muscle of the arm. The vaccine has been found to be effective in producing hepatitis B
antibodies at protective levels in more than 90% of healthy individuals who received the recommended
three doses of the vaccine in the deltoid muscle of the arm. The duration of immunity is unknown at
this time. A small percentage of healthy persons do not respond to the vaccine and do not develop
immunity to HBV. Antibody status can be determined by blood testing. Hepatitis B has a long
incubation period. HBV vaccination may not prevent HBV infection in individuals who have an
unrecognized HBV infection at the time of vaccine administration.
Possible Vaccine Side Effects
The observed incidence of side effects is very low. Injection site reactions consist principally of
tenderness and redness. The most frequent systemic complaints include, but are not limited to, fatigue,
weakness, headache, fever and malaise. It is not possible to contract hepatitis B from the vaccine since
the vaccine is produced synthetically and not from human blood.
Who Should Consider the Vaccine
Vaccination is recommended by the Alabama Department of Public Health and the Centers for Disease
Control (CDC) for persons of all ages who are or will be at increased risk of infection with HBV. Health
care workers who have direct clinical patient contact or handle potentially infective materials or items
are considered to have an increased risk for contracting hepatitis B.
42
Contraindication
Vaccination is contraindicated for pregnant or nursing women and for anyone with hypersensitivity to
yeast or any component of the vaccine. Persons experiencing hypersensitivity reactions after an
injection of the vaccine should not receive further injections.
Student Vaccination
All students entering the PTA program at Calhoun Community College are required to provide
documented proof of completion of the hepatitis B vaccine series (three injections) or documented
proof of immunity to hepatitis B or sign a waiver refusing the hepatitis B vaccination prior to clinical
rotations.
Your private physician can help you decide whether or not you should receive the hepatitis B vaccination
series and can further discuss the possible side effects with you. If you decide to receive the hepatitis B
vaccination series, you should contact your physician and arrange for its administration. Students are
responsible for the full cost of the vaccine and its administration.
G. Liability Insurance
PTA students must have professional liability insurance coverage. Information regarding designated
group liability policy is available for this coverage through the PTA Department. Payment is due prior to
enrollment in the clinical rotations. Students with scholarships should be aware these fees will not be
paid by scholarship funds. Proof of payment must be submitted to the ACCE prior to assignment to a
clinical facility.
H. CPR Certification
Prior to participating in clinical experiences, PTA students are required to successfully complete a CPR
course. From the American Heart Association, this should be a “Healthcare Provider” course; from the
American Red Cross a “Professional Rescuer” course is required. It is the student’s responsibility to
obtain certification. CPR courses are offered at CCC (see Catalog). Clinical absences due to a lapse in CPR
certification are unexcused.
I. Communicable Disease Policy
Students entering Allied Health Department programs must be aware that they may be exposed to various
contagious diseases during their clinical education and career. Precautions to be taken are outlined in the
introductory patient care courses. Additional information is provided by each clinical facility. Students are
required to make use of any protective devices available and to use universal precautions.
43
Students, upon diagnosis of a communicable disease(s) (i.e., chicken pox, measles, flu, etc.), must contact
the clinical instructor and/or program director immediately. Based on current medical knowledge, the
instructor will make judgment of communicability and advise the student regarding attendance.
Students in all health care programs must comply with Public Law #102-141, Section 633 and "The Alabama
Infected Health Care Worker Management Act." The law requires that the HIV or HBV infected health care
worker report to the State Health Officer his/her condition within 30 days of the time s/he is aware of
his/her infection. The infected health care worker must realize that any physician providing care to any
infected health care worker must notify the State Health Officer of the infected status within seven days of
the time s/he diagnoses or provides such care.
The Calhoun Allied Health Department is not responsible for any injury, exposure to blood borne or
other pathogens, or illness of a student that is incurred during the extended clinical lab experience. Any
expense for injuries sustained or illnesses contracted by the student during clinical lab will be the
responsibility of the student. The student must notify the clinical instructor and PTA faculty of any
harmful or potentially harmful incident at the time of occurrence and an incident report must be
written. Failure to report exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials could result in an
“F” for the course and dismissal from the PTA program.
J. Infection Control Policy
All Physical Therapist Assistant Program students should take precautions necessary to avoid contact with
body fluids from all patients. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) have recommended that health-care
workers should consider ALL patients as potentially infected with HIV and/or other blood-borne pathogens
and to adhere rigorously to infection control precautions for minimizing the risk of exposure to blood and
body fluids of all patients. Specific recommendations that CDC has made and should be followed by PTA
students are as follows:
1.
All health-care workers should routinely use appropriate barrier precautions to prevent
skin/mucous membrane exposure when contact with blood or other body fluids of any patient is
anticipated. Gloves should be worn for touching blood/body fluids, mucous membranes or nonintact skin of all patients, for handling items or surfaces soiled with blood or body fluids, for
performing venipuncture/vascular access procedures. Masks, protective eyewear, and/or face
shields should be worn during procedures that are likely to generate droplets of blood/body fluids
to prevent exposure of mucous membranes of the mouth, nose and eyes. Gowns/aprons should be
worn during procedures that are likely to generate splashes of blood or other body fluids.
2.
Hands and other skin surfaces should be washed immediately and thoroughly if contaminated with
blood or other body fluids. Hands should be washed immediately after gloves are removed.
44
3.
All health-care workers should take precautions to prevent injuries caused by needles, scalpel, and
other sharp instruments or devices during procedures; when cleaning used instruments; during
disposal of used needles; and when handling sharp instruments after procedures. To prevent
needle stick injuries, needles should NOT be recapped, purposely bent or broken by hand. After
they are used, disposable syringes and needles, scalpel blades, and other sharp items should be
placed in puncture-resistant containers which should be located as close as practical to the use
area. Large-bore reusable needles should be placed in a puncture-resistant container for transport
to the re-processing area.
4.
Although saliva has not been indicated in HIV transmission, to minimize the use for emergency
mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, mouth pieces (pocket masks), resuscitation bags, or other
ventilation devices should be available for use in areas in which the need for resuscitation is
predictable.
5.
Health-care workers who have lesions with exudates or weeping dermatitis should refrain from all
direct patient care and from handling patient-care equipment until the condition resolves.
6.
Pregnant health-care workers are not known to be at a greater risk of contracting HIV infection
than other health-care workers who are not pregnant; however, if a health-care worker develops
HIV infection during pregnancy, the infant is at risk of infection resulting from perinatal
transmission. Because of this risk, pregnant health-care workers should be especially familiar with
and strictly adhere to precautions to minimize the risk of HIV transmission.
7.
An invasive procedure has been defined as surgical entry into tissue cavities, or organs or repair of
major trauma injuries. All health-care workers who participate in invasive procedures must
routinely use appropriate barrier precautions to prevent skin and mucous membrane contact with
blood and other body fluids of all patients. Gloves/surgical masks must be worn for procedures that
commonly result in generation of droplets, splashing of blood or other body fluids, or the
generation of bone chips. Gowns or aprons made of materials that provide an effective barrier
should be worn during invasive procedures that are likely to result in the splashing of blood or other
body fluids. If a glove is torn or needle stick or other injury occurs, the glove should be removed
and a new glove used as promptly as patient safety permits; the needle or instrument involved in
the incident should also be removed from the sterile field.
8.
Contaminated linen, blankets, and towels shall be bagged or containerized at the location where it
was used and shall not be sorted or rinsed in the location of use. Contaminated laundry shall be
handled as little as possible with a minimum of agitation. Contaminated laundry shall be placed
and transported in bag or containers labeled or color-coded. Students who have contact with
contaminated laundry shall wear protective gloves and other appropriate personal protective
equipment.
45
9.
Contaminated clinical attire should be washed and dried according to the manufacturer's
instructions and should not be washed with regular laundry. Boots and leather goods may be
brush-scrubbed with soap and hot water to remove contamination. If clinical attire becomes
contaminated, the student should immediately change clothing and bag the contaminated clothing
for separate washing. Any contaminated clothing should be washed in hot water.
46
V. Clinical Education Policies and Procedures
A. Introduction
Clinical education is a vital component of physical therapist assistant education as it provides a student the
opportunity to perform clinical skills competencies under the direct supervision and evaluation of a clinical
instructor, following at all times the plan of care as documented by the physical therapist.
The evaluative criteria will vary depending on each student's level of PTA education. Specific syllabi and
performance objectives are provided to the student and clinical instructor for each clinical rotation and
student level.
All students must read and be familiar with the CCC PTA Program Clinical Practice Policies as any student in
non-compliance may be subject to dismissal from the Program.
B. Assignment to a Clinical Education Experiences
Prior to being assigned to the clinical area, each student must have on file:
1. A copy of a valid driver’s license & a CCC Student Identification Card
2. Documentation of current health insurance or signed waiver
3. A completed Allied Health Department Student Health Form & signed Essential Functions
4. Documentation of a two-step tuberculin skin test
5. Verification of Hepatitis B vaccination or a signed waiver
6. CPR Certification at the health care provider level
7. Current liability insurance
8. Satisfactory Drug Screen and Background Check
9. Documented understanding of HIPAA and OSHA Bloodbourne Pathogen Regulations and
Safety.
All required documentation must be complete and on file with the Allied Health Department Secretary by
the deadline provided. Failure to submit fully completed required documentation by the stated deadline
will result in a grade of “F” unless the student chooses to withdraw.
C. Transportation
Transportation to and from class and clinical experiences is the responsibility of the student. Clinical
rotations are scheduled Monday through Friday, generally between the hours of 7:00AM and 5:00PM,
full time. Health care facility assignments are based on the learning needs of the student, not
geographical proximity to the home. Students are expected to have reliable transportation, flexibility in
their personal schedules, and the willingness to commute to clinical sites in the north Alabama region.
47
D. Inclement Weather / Clinical Cancellation
In the event of inclement weather during a clinical assignment, students are expected to follow the
policies and guidelines of the facility to which they are assigned. If a clinical agency remains open, the
student is expected to make every effort to report punctually for their experience.
E. Cellular Phones and Pagers
Pager and cellular phone use is strictly prohibited during clinical experiences. Students may not carry cell
phones on their person in the clinical setting. Cell phone use and text messaging must be confined to
breaks when the student is “off duty” and away from patient care areas. The use of cell phones in patient
care settings is considered unprofessional behavior and therefore the consequences to violation of this
policy will be serious.
F. General Clinical Expectations
A student shall at all times:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Provide safe and professional patient/client care and implement measures to promote a
safe environment for each patient/client.
Comply with policies, procedures, and rules related to academic and clinical performance
that are issued by Calhoun Community College, the PTA program, and by the clinical
agency.
Not commit acts of omission or commission that cause or are likely to cause harm to
patients/clients.
Not attempt care/activities without adequate orientation, theoretical preparation,
assistance, or supervision.
Maintain patient / client confidentiality.
Take appropriate action to assure the safety of patients/clients, self, and others.
Provide care for the patient/client in a timely, compassionate, and professional manner.
Communicate with patient/client and healthcare team in a truthful, timely, and accurate
manner.
Actively promote the highest level of moral and ethical principles, and accept responsibility
for his/her actions.
Treat others with respect and promote an academic and clinical environment that respects
human rights, values, and choice of cultural and spiritual beliefs.
Collaborate and cooperate in every reasonable manner with the academic faculty and
clinical staff to assure the highest quality of client care.
Abstain from the use of substances that impair judgment.
Report and document all patient/client assessments or observations, the care/ practice
provided by the student for the patient/client, and the patient’s/client's response to that
care/practice.
48
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Accurately and timely report to the appropriate practitioner errors in or deviations from
the prescribed regimen of care/practice.
Not falsify any patient/client record or any other document prepared or utilized in the
course of, or in conjunction with patient/client care/practice.
Delineate, establish, and maintain professional boundaries with each patient/ client. When
providing direct patient/client care the student shall provide privacy during treatment and
care/practice; and treat each patient/client with courtesy, respect, and with full
recognition of dignity and individuality.
Not engage in behavior that causes or may cause physical, verbal, mental or emotional
abuse to a patient/client; or engage in behavior toward patient/client that may reasonably
be interpreted as physical, verbal, mental or emotional abuse.
Not misappropriate a patient/client's property or engage in behavior to seek or obtain
personal gain at the patient’s/client's expense; engage in behavior that may reasonably be
interpreted as behavior to seek or obtain personal gain at the patient’s/client's expense;
engage in behavior that constitutes inappropriate involvement in the patient’s/client’s
personal relationships; or engage in behavior that may reasonably be interpreted as
inappropriate involvement in the patient’s/client's personal relationships. For the purpose
of this paragraph, the patient/client is always presumed incapable of giving free, full, or
informed consent to the behaviors by the student set forth in this paragraph.
Not engage in sexual contact or romantic relationships with a patient/client; engage in
conduct that may reasonably interpreted as sexual or romantic; engage in any verbal
behavior that is seductive or sexually demeaning to a patient/client; or engage in verbal
behavior that may reasonably be interpreted as seductive or sexually demeaning to a
patient/client. For the purpose of this paragraph, the patient/client is always presumed
incapable of giving free, full, or informed consent to sexual or romantic activity with the
student.
Students shall not represent themselves as PTA students or engage in patient/client care as
PTA students except as part of an assigned, planned learning activity in a practice setting
integral to the curriculum.
G. Patient Confidentiality
When discussing a patient's history or medical information with the patient or significant other, it is
imperative that only information already known to them be discussed. NO NEW INFORMATION MAY BE
GIVEN TO THEM. Any communication with others regarding the care of the client must be done in private.
No information about a patient may be shared, except where that person has a need to know to provide
care for that patient. No conversation or comment of matters pertaining to clients or the work place should
take place in public areas (e.g. elevators, stairwells, hallways, reception rooms, etc.). Remember to knock
prior to entering any room.
49
It is expected that HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996) guidelines be
followed at all times to ensure patient confidentiality. All precautions possible must be taken by each
student to insure complete patient privacy. Information regarding the patient's physical, psycho-social, or
economic condition must not be disclosed other than to persons directly responsible for care and treatment
and only when such information has a bearing upon such care and treatment. Requests for information,
such as from the news media, regarding patient care are to be referred to the Clinical Instructor. Each
student must remember that all medical records and patient information are confidential. Never copy
confidential information from patient records and remove from the hospital. Confidential information
includes: name, address, phone number, social security number, etc. Inappropriate use of confidential
patient information is grounds for dismissal from the PTA program, in accordance with college due process
procedures. This is to include “browsing” through the charts of patients other than those whose care the
student is directly involved in, which is inappropriate.
ADHERENCE TO THE POLICIES OF THE FACILITY REGARDING CONFIDENTIALITY OF
INFORMATION AND DOCUMENTATION IS MANDATORY.
H. Student / Instructor Confidentiality
Just as when on-campus, in off-campus educational experiences student privacy and confidentiality is
respected. In the clinical setting, discussion of student performance will usually be limited to
conversations between the student, clinical instructor, and Academic Coordinator of Clinical Education
(ACCE). Only if necessary will the program director and Center Coordinator of Clinical Education (CCCE)
become involved. All academic and clinical performance issues are held in the strictest confidence by
CCC faculty.
I.
Clinical Faculty Rights
Calhoun Community College places great value on clinical faculty, their expertise and the experiences
provided by our affiliate facilities which enable students to meet learning objectives and complete their
education. Though not employed by CCC, PTA clinical faculty is granted rights and privileges in relation
to their role as educators / teachers / instructors.




Clinical faculty performs student evaluations and they have the right to dismiss a student
from a facility as they deem appropriate.
Clinical faculty has the right to contact the Academic Coordinator of Clinical Education at any
time during the clinical rotation with a student concern.
The Clinical Instructor has the right to assign a student out of facility research as believed
necessary to help the student succeed in the clinical affiliation.
Clinical faculty provide input regarding PTA program curriculum
50
J. Patient Rights
Students are to introduce themselves to all clients as a Student Physical Therapist Assistant when in the
clinical setting. Patients have the risk-free right to refuse care from a student.
K. Unsafe/Unprofessional Practice and Weak Practice
A student shall provide safe and professional patient/client care/practice at all times. Unsafe
care/practice, unprofessional care/practice, or weak care/practice with potential for unsafe and/or
unprofessional care/practice occurs when the student’s behavior in providing care/practice to
patients/clients may call into question the student's professional judgment and accountability and may
violate the current:





Standards of care/practice in Physical Therapy; or
State of Alabama Physical Therapy Practice Act; or
Code of ethics for Physical Therapy; or
Clinical agency policies and procedures; or
The Calhoun Community College Physical Therapist Assistant Program goals and/or course
objectives.
Depending upon the degree of actual or potential harm a patient/client may suffer, a student's one-time
deviation from safe care/practice may be sufficient to judge a student unsafe.
A student whose clinical care/practice is judged unsafe and/or unprofessional by PTA faculty or clinical
staff may be removed from the clinical experience. To resume the clinical experience, a student who
has been removed must comply with written stipulations prescribed by the faculty for readmission to
the clinical experience.
The faculty responsible for the clinical experience will review the clinical care/practice of a student who
exhibits weaknesses that may lead to unsafe practice and/or unprofessional practice. The faculty, with
appropriate input from the student, will develop a set of expectations that the student is to attain to
remedy those weaknesses in the current and/or subsequent semester.
Rationale
Faculty have a legal and professional responsibility to assure for the public, other students, Calhoun
Community College, and the Physical Therapy profession that students can practice safely and
professionally in their various clinical care/practice.
Positive, consistent, appropriate, professional behavior is expected at all times and in all situations in the clinical
setting!!!
51
L. Clinical Evaluation



The Clinical Instructor completes a student evaluation at the midterm and final using the PTA
MACS.
Academic faculty determine the grade for each clinical course on criteria outlined in the course
syllabus
The ACCE or program director may assign a grade of "incomplete" if the student fails to meet the
minimum number of competencies required for each clinical course. If the student is in good
standing with the college and the PTA program, additional clinical hours may be scheduled to
ensure the student achieves all of the terminal competencies. The grade of “I” will convert to a
grade of “F” if all clinical competencies are not completed within one academic semester. The
student must then reapply for admission under the readmission policy and all eligibility rules apply.
M. Clinical Dress Code
It is imperative that the students’ physical appearance be impeccable. Personal hygiene, appropriate
clothing and a smile are all important aspects of your presentation to the public. Many judgments are
made on first sight, and one never has a second chance to make a first impression. You will be
representing a highly respected profession in the medical community therefore, professional
appearance is mandatory.
First and foremost, it is the student’s responsibility to ascertain and adhere to the dress code of the
facility in which they are affiliated for clinical experiences. The following are additional guidelines for
professional dress.
Personal hygiene: Cleanliness, including hands, nails, teeth, hair, and body is expected. For
proper safety during patient care, fingernails should be clean and trimmed to no further than
the fingertips. Heavy make-up NEVER increases your professional appearance. Your clothing and
breath should be fresh; the odor of cigarette smoke is offensive. Strong fragrances are also
distasteful to many patients, particularly those with allergies or compromised pulmonary
systems. This applies to men and women alike. A "rule of thumb" is: if others notice your
make-up, fragrance, nail enamel, or the length of fingernails and not your smile and confidence,
you may want to take a critical look at your professional appearance.
Hair should be clean, the color in a natural hair color palette, and styled so that it does not
require constant maintenance. Hair should not fall across the face during treatment or become
a safety issue with equipment. Hair that impedes vision may be a safety issue because it is
possible that you may miss seeing a vital signal from another staff member or a patient. Long
hair should be secured back.
52
Clothing MUST NOT be wrinkled or soiled. White lab jackets should be no longer than the
length of your fingertips or jacket style. NEVER WEAR BLUE JEANS OR TENNIS SHOES unless
directed to do so by your CI.
Jewelry: A watch (with sweep second hand and water resistant) is essential. A wedding band
and small earrings will be allowed. Earrings that dangle well below the ear (noticeably long)
present a safety hazard to you and your patients. Male students are not allowed to wear
earrings to clinic.
*Facial & Tongue piercings are not acceptable for either male or female students.*
*Body Piercings of any type that could affect student safety is also unacceptable in class or clinic.*
*Tattoos that are visible need to be covered in the clinical setting*
Name Badges: Students must wear the Calhoun Community College Student ID badge. In
addition, the facility to which you are assigned may also require you to wear a name badge.
WHEN ASSIGNED TO AN OUTPATIENT FACILITY:
MEN are to wear a CCC PTA blue polo shirt with insignia with khaki-colored dress slacks
and a simple belt (unless self-belted). The shirt should be buttoned and tucked in.
Shoes with closed toes and non-slip soles (worn with socks) are mandatory. A clean
white lab jacket may be worn.
WOMEN are to wear a CCC PTA blue polo shirt with insignia with khaki-colored dress
slacks or skirt. The shirt should be buttoned and tucked in. Shoes with closed toes and
non-slip soles (worn with appropriate hosiery) are mandatory. High heeled shoes and
platform shoes are not permitted for safety reasons. A white lab jacket is optional.
WHEN ASSIGNED TO AN INPATIENT FACILITY:
Students are to wear CCC PTA scrub attire. Shoes with closed toes and non-slip soles
(worn with socks) are mandatory. A clean white lab jacket can be worn.
Non-compliance with this dress code or violation of the facility's dress code will result in counseling and
possible dismissal for the day or permanently from the clinic at the discretion of the faculty.
N. Disciplinary Action
Violation of any aspect of the Clinical Education Policies and Procedures, including but not limited to
unprofessional behavior, may result in unsatisfactory clinical performance and dismissal from the program in
accordance with the college’s due process procedures.
53
O. Compensation
Students are not employees of clinical facilities or the College and should not expect or receive
compensation from the facility or College for participation in clinical experiences.
P. Student Safety during Clinical
Students are expected to assume responsibility for their own safety by adhering to the guidelines listed
below and discussing with the faculty situations which the student believes to be unsafe prior to
exposing him/herself to risk.
1. Students leaving clinical experiences after dark should travel in groups or obtain escort services from
security guards in the agency.
2. Students who use cars should lock their doors at all times and park in well-lighted areas. Valuables
including health-screening equipment, e.g., stethoscopes should always be secured out of sight.
3. Students should carry a minimum amount of money and valuables.
4. Students should be alert and observant for risks so that suspicious situations can be avoided. Do not
enter a suspicious area - for example, where loitering, fighting or drunkenness is occurring or in a
dark hallway or basement. If the student observes a suspicious situation, the student should leave
immediately.
5. Students have the responsibility of notifying PTA faculty of changes in their personal health in order
that safe assignments can be made for clinical rotations.
Q. Injury during Clinical
If you are injured in any way during a clinical experience (needle stick, back injury, etc…), you must:
a. Notify your clinical instructor immediately.
b. As soon as possible, but within 24 hours, report the injury to the PTA program director
or ACCE.
c. Complete a Health Division Student Incident Report (located in the back of this
handbook).
d. You will be referred to a hospital Emergency Department to be examined by a
physician. The facility will provide immediate care and expenses associated with
evaluation or treatments are the responsibility of the student.
54
R. Incident Reports
A Calhoun Community College Health Division Student Incident Report (located in the back of this
Handbook) should be completed by students and/or faculty for the following occurrences:





potential injury of student
sudden unexplained student illness requiring medical attention
any student behavior/code of conduct issue
potential injury of a patient
and/or other possible litigious incident.
The above list is not all inclusive. Incident reports should be completed when any potential safety
concern / event occurs.
These reports should be completed as soon as possible following student or patient treatment for injury.
Incident reports are not to be photocopied and are to be submitted directly to the PTA program director
or ACCE.
55
Calhoun Community College
Health Division Student Incident Report
Date/Time: _______________________________
Student Name: ____________________________
Facility: _______________________________
 Potential Injury of Student Student Illness
Behavior/Code of Conduct
Potential Injury of Patient
 Other
Describe Incident: _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Action(s) Taken as a Result of Incident: _____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Type of Incident:
Student Signature: ______________________________________________
Faculty Signature: _______________________________________________
CONFIDENTIAL! DO NOT PHOTOCOPY!
SUBMIT COMPLETED FORM TO PTA PROGRAM DIRECTOR OR ACCE
56
Physical Therapist Assistant Program
Health Record Release Request
To be completed by the student.
Student Name: _________________________________________
Date: _________________________________________________
A copy of the following is requested (check all applicable):
_____ CPR
_____ Hepatitis B
_____ TB Test
_____ Background Check Clearance
_____ Drug Screen Clearance
Indicate below how you would like these records to be handled.
_____ I will pick these records up after the following date and time (Student needs to give at
least two days notice): _____________________________
_____ I would like the records faxed to:
Facility Name: _______________________________________________
Contact Person at Facility: ______________________________________
Facility Phone Number: ________________________________________
Facility Fax Number: __________________________________________
Indicate any other special instructions below:
________________________________________
Student Signature
Allied Health Department fax number – 256-306-2525
57
_______________________
Date
Physical Therapist Assistant Program
Health Form Addendum
The Physical Therapist Assistant program of Calhoun Community College requests your professional
opinion in helping to evaluate the following student’s ability to perform their required PTA course work.
Please evaluate the following and return this form to:
Tiffany Day, PTA
Academic Coordinator of Clinical Education
Calhoun Community College
P.O. Box 2216
Decatur, AL 35609
P: 256-260-2439
F: 256-306-2525
In my professional opinion, student_____________________________________ is able to safely
continue the performance of physical therapy activities related to educational course work without
endangering his/her own health or the health of a patient. These activities may include:
YES
NO
Specific Limitations
Duration
1. Lifting and turning
___
___
________________
_______
2. Transferring
___
___
________________
_______
3. Ambulating
___
___
________________
_______
4. Interacting with patients
___
___
________________
_______
5. Others (please list)
___
___
________________
_______
Physician Signature____________________________________________ Date_____________
(Please print) Physician Name_____________________________________________________
Office ________________________________________________________________________
City
State
Zip Code
58
Telephone
Physical Therapist Assistant Program
Student Special Consideration / Hardship Form
Student Name:
Date of Request: _________________
Please explain the circumstances surrounding the hardship and what special considerations are being
requested in regards to PTA program academic and clinical expectations. If possible, provide specific
dates &/or an anticipated time when a normal schedule can be resumed.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Student Signature: ___
PTA Department Response:
Approved
Denied
Program Director Signature:
_______________________________
______________
Comments: __________________________________
______ Date:
___________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
59
60
Physical Therapist Assistant Program
REQUEST FOR REVIEW OF EXAMINATION QUESTION
Requests for review of examination questions must be submitted within 5 working days of the
date that examination results are available to students.
Name: ____________________
Date: __________________
Course: PTA ________________
Exam Date: _____________
Exam #: ____________________
Question #: _____________
Correct Answer: _____________
Your answer: ____________

Explain why your answer is the BEST answer (if the question is multiple choice) or why
your answer is correct.
Rationale:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Provide a reference for your answer. A complete citation is required. You may use
textbooks, articles, or provided class notes (but not handwritten notations).
Source: _________________________
Page #: _______________________
61
62