Module3223.pdf Overview Overview Causes of American Revolution and Declaring Independence Causes of American Revolution and Declaring Independence by Mendy Rue, Chris Clark, Mark Church, Holly Sears, Jennifer Crume, Donna Roberts, and Sharon Thurman This module examines the taxes and acts imposed on American colonists and looks at the reactions of different groups living in the colonies at the time (Loyalists, Patriots, Neutralists). This module addresses how those reactions eventually led to American colonists declaring indpendence from Great Britain. Grades: 8 Discipline: Social Studies Teaching Task: Task Template 2 (Argumentation and Analysis) Author Information: Mendy Rue (Daviess County) Chris Clark (Daviess County) Mark Church (Daviess County) Holly Sears (Daviess County) Jennifer Crume (Daviess County) Donna Roberts (Daviess County) Sharon Thurman (Daviess County) Page 1 of 23 Module3223.pdf Section 1: What Task? TEACHING TASK Task Template 2 — [3 Levels] Argumentation & Analysis L1: Were the colonists justified in their decision to declare independence from Great Britain? After reading textbook information, articles, primary/secondary sources write an essay that addresses the question and support your position with evidence from the text(s). L2: Be sure to acknowledge competing views. STUDENT BACKGROUND Students will need to understand the acts and taxes imposed on American colonists during the 1770s. Students will need to analyze the reactions of groups (Loyalists, Patriots, Neutralists). Students will need to understand bias and propaganda. Students will learn how to debate from a certain character's point of view. EXTENSION Page 2 of 23 Module3223.pdf Rubric Approaches Expectations Not Yet Scoring Elements 1 Focus Attempts to address prompt, but lacks focus or is off-task. 1.5 2 Addresses prompt appropriately and establishes a position, but focus is uneven. Meets Expectations 2.5 3 Advanced 3.5 4 Addresses prompt appropriately and maintains a clear, steady focus. Provides a generally convincing position. Addresses all aspects of prompt appropriately with a consistently strong focus and convincing position. Controlling Idea Attempts to establish a claim, but lacks a clear purpose. (L2) Makes no mention of counter claims. Establishes a claim. (L2) Makes note of counter claims. Establishes a credible claim. (L2) Develops claim and counter claims fairly. Establishes and maintains a substantive and credible claim or proposal. (L2) Develops claims and counter claims fairly and thoroughly. Reading/Research Attempts to reference reading materials to develop response, but lacks connections or relevance to the purpose of the prompt. Presents information from reading materials relevant to the purpose of the prompt with minor lapses in accuracy or completeness. Accurately presents details from reading materials relevant to the purpose of the prompt to develop argument or claim. Accurately and effectively presents important details from reading materials to develop argument or claim. Attempts to provide details in response to the prompt, but lacks sufficient development or relevance to the purpose of the prompt. (L3) Makes no connections or a connection that is irrelevant to argument or claim. Presents appropriate details to support and develop the focus, controlling idea, or claim, with minor lapses in the reasoning, examples, or explanations. (L3) Makes a connection with a weak or unclear relationship to argument or claim. Presents appropriate and sufficient details to support and develop the focus, controlling idea, or claim. (L3) Makes a relevant connection to clarify argument or claim. Presents thorough and detailed information to effectively support and develop the focus, controlling idea, or claim. (L3) Makes a clarifying connection(s) that illuminates argument and adds depth to reasoning. Maintains an appropriate organizational structure to address specific requirements of the prompt. Structure reveals the reasoning and logic of the argument. Maintains an organizational structure that intentionally and effectively enhances the presentation of information as required by the specific prompt. Structure enhances development of the reasoning and logic of the argument. Development Organization Attempts to organize ideas, but lacks control of structure. Uses an appropriate organizational structure for development of reasoning and logic, with minor lapses in structure and/or coherence. Demonstrates Page 3 of 23 Module3223.pdf Conventions Attempts to demonstrate standard English conventions, but lacks cohesion and control of grammar, usage, and mechanics. Sources are used without citation. Demonstrates an uneven command of standard English conventions and cohesion. Uses language and tone with some inaccurate, inappropriate, or uneven features. Inconsistently cites sources. Demonstrates a command of standard English conventions and cohesion, with few errors. Response includes language and tone appropriate to the audience, purpose, and specific requirements of the prompt. Cites sources using appropriate format with only minor errors. Content Understanding Attempts to include disciplinary content in argument, but understanding of content is weak; content is irrelevant, inappropriate, or inaccurate. Briefly notes disciplinary content relevant to the prompt; shows basic or uneven understanding of content; minor errors in explanation. Accurately presents disciplinary content relevant to the prompt with sufficient explanations that demonstrate understanding. Page 4 of 23 and maintains a well-developed command of standard English conventions and cohesion, with few errors. Response includes language and tone consistently appropriate to the audience, purpose, and specific requirements of the prompt. Consistently cites sources using appropriate format. Integrates relevant and accurate disciplinary content with thorough explanations that demonstrate in-depth understanding. Module3223.pdf STANDARDS Kentucky — History (The History of the United States) SS-08-5.2.2: Students will explain and give examples of how the ideals of equality and personal liberty (rise of individual rights, economic freedom, religious diversity) that developed during the colonial period, were motivations for the American Revolution and proved instrumental in the development of a new nation. Common Core Anchor Standards — Reading R.CCR.1: Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text. R.CCR.2: Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas. R.CCR.4: Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings, and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone. R.CCR.10: Read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently. Common Core Anchor Standards — Writing W.CCR.1: Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. W.CCR.4: Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. W.CCR.5: Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach. W.CCR.9: Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. W.CCR.10: Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences. Page 5 of 23 Module3223.pdf Custom Standards Page 6 of 23 Module3223.pdf Section 2: What Skills? Selected Skills Preparing for the Task TASK ENGAGEMENT: Ability to connect the task and new content to existing knowledge, skills, experiences, interests, and concerns TASK ANALYSIS: Ability to understand and explain the task's prompt and rubric. Reading Process ACTIVE READING: Ability to identify the central point and main supporting elements of a text. ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY: Ability to apply strategies for developing an understanding of text(s) by locating words and phrases that identify key concepts and facts, or information. ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: Ability to use and credit sources appropriately. NOTE-TAKING: Ability to read purposefully and select relevant information; to summarize and/or paraphrase. Transition to Writing BRIDGING: Ability to begin linking reading results to writing task. Writing Process CONTROLLING IDEA: Ability to establish a controlling idea and consolidate information relevant to task. PLANNING: Ability to develop a line of thought and text structure appropriate to an information/explanation task. DEVELOPMENT: Ability to construct an initial draft with an emerging line of thought and structure. REVISION: Ability to refine text, including line of thought, language usage, and tone as appropriate to audience and purpose. Page 7 of 23 Module3223.pdf EDITING: Ability to proofread and format a piece to make it more effective. COMPLETION: Ability to submit final piece that meets expectations. Page 8 of 23 Module3223.pdf Section 3: What Instruction? MiniTasks Preparing for the Task TASK ENGAGEMENT: Ability to connect the task and new content to existing knowledge, skills, experiences, interests, and concerns LIST In a quick write, write your first reaction to the task prompt. Add some notes of things you know about this issue. Pacing: 10 minutes Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: Students are able to create a list to their reaction done as an exit slip. Teaching Strategies: • Link this task to earlier class content. • Clarify timetable and support plans for the task. TASK ANALYSIS: Ability to understand and explain the task's prompt and rubric. LIST In your own words, what are the important features of a good response to this prompt? Pacing: 10 minutes Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: Students can respond correctly and give at least 2 important features. Teaching Strategies: • Identify or invite students to identify key features of examples. • Create a classroom list: Choose one student to share a few ideas on the board, and ask other to add to it. •Discuss the meaning of the word "justified". NOTES Read the fake letter from principal addressing the need to pay 10 cents a page for Page 9 of 23 Module3223.pdf the unit packet. Students will react and take a side. Pacing: 15 minutes Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: Students can give 3 reasons why or why not. Teaching Strategies: Read the letter aloud to students Have students write their reaction to the letter on Edmodo. Students will get into two groups (students should/should not have to pay) and discuss their point of view. Have students write their reasons why/why not. Reading Process ACTIVE READING: Ability to identify the central point and main supporting elements of a text. NOTES What information do you need to know in order to understand both viewpoints? Pacing: 2 days 40 minutes each Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: Fills in notes chart on the different acts/taxes with 90% accuracy. Teaching Strategies: Teach the acts and taxes from textbook (Holt American History & History Alive! American History) Differentiation by Reading RIT Band level NOTES After watching several video clips (Schoolhouse Rocks "No More Kings" and "Shot Heard Round the World" and, identify 4-5 different points of view of the colonists. Pacing: 40 minutes Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: Page 10 of 23 Module3223.pdf Students can identify 4-5 different points of view. Teaching Strategies: Give students access to the SchoolHouse Rock lyrics. Create master notes on the board after discussing with students. LIST In like groups (Patriots/Loyalists will be split), read your biased source and come up with a minimum of 5 reasons why your chosen side is right and 5 reasons why the other side is wrong. L2-Ability to analyze competing arguments. Pacing: 40 minutes 1 period Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: students are able to identify 5 reasons for each. Teaching Strategies: Give students Pro/Con article and lead students in creating list of the different points of view. NOTES After reading textbook information, read articles to find evidence to support both viewpoints Pacing: on going Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: Students complete reading strategies' organizers at a 85% accuracy. Teaching Strategies: Read teacher selected articles with students and show them an example of Close Reading. Instruct students on how to use organizers such as 3-2-1, BASIC, double-entry journal, alpha blocks,etc. Have students complete reading strategies organizers (A different one for each article) to help students pick the correct main ideas/viewpoints from different primary/secondary sources. Page 11 of 23 Module3223.pdf ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY: Ability to apply strategies for developing an understanding of text(s) by locating words and phrases that identify key concepts and facts, or information. LIST In your packet list words and phrases essential to the texts. Add definitions and list articles where the word is found Pacing: 30 minutes Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: • Lists appropriate phrases. • Provides accurate definitions. Teaching Strategies: • After scoring, ask some students to share definitions of terms that others overlooked or misunderstood. • After scoring, be willing to provide direct instruction or guide a close reading if needed to work through a key phrase most students missed. NOTES In like groups, read one article that focuses on your chosen point of view and also read an article from the opposing viewpoint. Highlight important information and take notes on the main ideas of the articles. Pacing: 40 minutes Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: Students will be scored on how well they identify bias in the articles read by discussing thier thoughts together as a class. Teaching Strategies: Have several articles prepared for students to choose from. Encourage students who read the same articles to discuss their findings. ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: Ability to use and credit sources appropriately. LIST Create class definition and list about plagiarism and ways to avoid it. Pacing: 15 minutes Page 12 of 23 Module3223.pdf Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: • Provides accurate definition • Lists several appropriate strategies Teaching Strategies: • Discuss respect for others’ work to assemble evidence and create texts. • Discuss academic penalties for stealing others thoughts and words. NOTE-TAKING: Ability to read purposefully and select relevant information; to summarize and/or paraphrase. NOTES From each text, summarize and/or paraphrase the important information from the articles used in the unit. Pacing: on-going Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: •Identifies the importance of a text by paraphrasing/summarizing correctly. • Includes information to support accurate citation (for example, page numbers for a long text, clear indication when quoting directly. Teaching Strategies: • Teach a model format for note taking (Use unit packet for help) • Check that early student work is in the assigned format (or in another format that gathers the needed information effectively). Transition to Writing BRIDGING: Ability to begin linking reading results to writing task. SHORT CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE Using the worksheet provided/Edmodo, write about what you know now that you’ve read about the acts/taxes imposed by Great Britain. Be prepared to discuss in small groups. Pacing: 20 minutes Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: Page 13 of 23 Module3223.pdf Students complete the worksheet with detailed answers. Teaching Strategies: Small group discussion using question. Writing Process CONTROLLING IDEA: Ability to establish a controlling idea and consolidate information relevant to task. SHORT CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE Write the claim that includes the purpose of the essay, your position on the topic and introduces your big ideas Pacing: 30 minutes Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: Completion of opening paragraph, which will be checked by teacher. Teaching Strategies: • Offer several examples/non examples of opening paragraphs from previous students. • Ask class to discuss what makes them strong or weak. PLANNING: Ability to develop a line of thought and text structure appropriate to an information/explanation task. OUTLINE Create an outline based on your notes and reading in which you state your claim, sequence your points, and note your supporting evidence. Make sure to include the other side when outlining reasons. Pacing: 40 minutes 2 days Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: • Creates an outline or organizer. • Supports controlling idea. Uses evidence from texts read earlier. •Addresses opposing side Page 14 of 23 Module3223.pdf Teaching Strategies: • Provide and teach how to use the teacher assigned outline or organizer. • Invite students to generate questions in pairs about how the format works, and then take and answer questions. •Show examples/non examples to help guide struggling students. DEVELOPMENT: Ability to construct an initial draft with an emerging line of thought and structure. LONG CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE Write an initial draft complete with opening, development, and closing; insert and cite textual evidence. Pacing: 40 minutes 5 days Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: • Provides complete draft with all parts. • Supports the opening in the later sections with evidence and citations. •Addressed opposing viewpoint. Teaching Strategies: •Show students a good example of last year's paper. Point out the use of citations and the use of quotes from various sources. •Monitor student progress and answer student questions. REVISION: Ability to refine text, including line of thought, language usage, and tone as appropriate to audience and purpose. LONG CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE Revise essay's organization, ideas, citations. Use textual evidence carefully, with accurate citations. Decide what to include and what not to include. Pacing: 40 minutes Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: • Provides complete draft with all parts. • Supports the opening in the later sections with evidence and citations. • Improves earlier edition. Teaching Strategies: Page 15 of 23 Module3223.pdf • Go through writing checklist and have students use it to look at their papers. • Use peer editing to help strengthen papers. • Assign students to provide each other with feedback on those issues. EDITING: Ability to proofread and format a piece to make it more effective. LONG CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE Revise draft to have sound spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and grammar. Adjust formatting as needed to provide clear, appealing text. Pacing: 30 minutes Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: • Provides draft free from distracting surface errors. • Uses format that supports purpose. Teaching Strategies: • Briefly review selected skills that many students need to improve. • Teach a short list of proofreading marks. • Assign students to proofread each other’s texts a second time. • Review rubric. COMPLETION: Ability to submit final piece that meets expectations. LONG CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE Turn in complete set of drafts, plus the final version of your piece Pacing: 15 minutes Scoring Guide: work meets expectations if: • Fits the “Meets Expectations” category in the rubric for the teaching task. Teaching Strategies: Instruct student how to turn in papers. Page 16 of 23 Module3223.pdf Resources Selected Articles Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence. Junior Scholastic (11/29/2004)—Wilmore, Kathy Focuses on the writing of the "Declaration of Independence," by the third president of the United States Thomas Jefferson. 870L The Road to Revolution. Road to Revolution (2009)—McGill, Sara Ann Presents an overview of events leading up to the American Revolution of 1775. Colonists' resentment of British taxation; Lack of colonial representation in Parliament; Details of the 1774 Coercive, or Intolerable, Acts intended to punish the colonies for the Boston tea party; Efforts of the British administration to quell violent opposition to the British military presence; Details of the First Continental Congress; Culmination of brewing hostilities in the Battles of Lexington and Concord. 1150L SEEDS OF REVOLUTION. Cobblestone (Oct2005)—Kowalski, Kathiann M. Details the historical events that led to the declaration of independence by the U.S. Thirteen Colonies from its imperialist the Kingdom of Great Britain on July 4, 1776. 1020L BREAKING UP IS HARD TO DO. Cobblestone (Oct2002)—Chorlian, Meg Talks about the relationship between the American Colonies and the British government in the mid-1700s. 930L THE FOUNDING FATHER WHO OPPOSED INDEPENDENCE. World & I (Apr2003)—de Silva, Ian Traces the life and career of American political writer John Dickinson. Family and academic background of Dickinson; Overview on his career in politics; Stance taken by Dickinson on the issue of independence from Great Britain; Example of his political writings; Contributions of Dickinson to the constitution. 1070L INDEPENDENCE! Cobblestone (Oct2005)—Miller, Jerry Details the historical events after June 7, 1776, when the motion that the U.S. Colonies Page 17 of 23 Module3223.pdf should become free sates developed by Richard Henry Lee, an active member of the House of Burgesses, was made to the Second Continental Congress. 930L John Hancock. Monkeyshines on the United States Government (2001)— Presents the life and works of John Hancock, first governor of Massachusetts from 1780 to 1793. Family background; Arrest of Hancock due to an anti-British speech; Contribution on American independence. 970L Patriotic Fires. Cobblestone (Nov/Dec2009)—Childress, DianaKowalski, Kathiann M. The article focuses on the early life and various stages of evolution in the life of John Adams, former U.S. president. 1090L Family feud. Cobblestone (Nov93)—Spatz, Virginia Tells how family members of the American Revolution often found themselves on opposite sides of the political issues. The Stamp Act; Sons of Liberty; Committees of Correspondence; How John Adams and his second cousin, Samuel Adams, differed on issues; Abigail Adam's cousin Josiah Quincy Jr. and his brother Samuel; More. 1010L Expatriates of war. Cobblestone (Dec94)—McIntyre, Edison Looks at conditions that forced some Americans to leave their homeland after the American Revolution and the Civil War. Loyalists whose land and property were confiscated by revolutionaries after the Revolution; Where they emigrated; Why Confederate officials and soldiers fled the United States after the Civil War; Judah P. Benjamin, Confederate secretary of state; The Confederate emigration to South America. 1070L On REVOLUTION. Cobblestone (Jul/Aug2011)—Karsner, Barbara D. The article discusses U.S. author and editor of "Pennsylvania Magazine" Thomas Paine whose works include the pamphlet "Common Sense," which was published anonymously and urged American independence, a series of essays, titled "American Crisis," and the book "The Rights of Man." 910L WHAT IF America Had LOST the Revolution? Page 18 of 23 Module3223.pdf Junior Scholastic (10/3/2005)—Wilmore, Kathy Presents the author's views on the probable economic, social and political condition of the United States if it was governed by a King or Queen. 730L Uploaded Files Keywords Links* * These Lexile measures were computed automatically and did not undergo human review. They are not certified measures and should not be published or recorded in any way. Other Resources Page 19 of 23 Module3223.pdf Section 4: What Results? Classroom Assessment Rubric Not Yet Focus Reading/Research Controlling Idea Attempts to address prompt but lacks focus or is off-task. Demonstrates weak use of reading material to develop argument. Establishes a claim and attempts to support an argument but is not convincing; (L2) Attempts to acknowledge competing arguments. Development Reasoning is not clear; examples or explanations are weak or irrelevant. (L3) Connection is weak or not relevant. Organization Provides an ineffective structure; composition does not address requirements of the prompt. Conventions Demonstrates a weak command of standard English conventions; lacks cohesion; language and tone are not appropriate to audience and purpose. Meets Expectations Focus Reading/Research Addresses the prompt and stays on task; provides a generally convincing response. Demonstrates generally effective use of reading material to develop an argument. Controlling Idea Establishes a credible claim and supports an argument that is logical and generally convincing. (L2) Acknowledges competing arguments while defending the claim. Development Develops reasoning to support claim; provides evidence from text(s) in the form of examples or explanations relevant to the argument (L3) Makes a relevant connection(s) that supports argument. Organization Applies an appropriate text structure to address specific requirements of the prompt. Conventions Demonstrates a command of standard English conventions and cohesion; employs language and tone appropriate to audience and purpose. Classroom Assessment Task No Classroom Assessment Task for this module Exemplar Work Uploaded Files not yet example #1 8th grade SS.docx (Not Yet) (http://literacybytechnology.s3.amazonaws.com/worksampleuploads/3223/1079711494_Aug_20_2012_171831740.docx) not yet example #2 8th grade SS.docx (Not Yet) (http://literacybytechnology.s3.amazonaws.com/worksampleuploads/3223/1924183365_Aug_20_2012_171841771.docx) approaches expectations #1 8th grade SS.docx (Approaches Expectations) (http://literacybytechnology.s3.amazonaws.com/worksampleuploads/3223/1969912188_Aug_20_2012_17185298.docx) Page 20 of 23 Module3223.pdf approaches expectations #2 8th grade SS.docx (Approaches Expectations) (http://literacybytechnology.s3.amazonaws.com/worksampleuploads/3223/1916230883_Aug_20_2012_171901458.docx) meets expectations #1 8th grade SS.docx (Meets Expectations) (http://literacybytechnology.s3.amazonaws.com/worksampleuploads/3223/854071596_Aug_20_2012_17191183.docx) meets expectations #2 8th grade SS.docx (Meets Expectations) (http://literacybytechnology.s3.amazonaws.com/worksampleuploads/3223/1698543467_Aug_20_2012_171916636.docx) exceeds expectations #1 8th grade SS.docx (Advanced) (http://literacybytechnology.s3.amazonaws.com/worksampleuploads/3223/5544007_Aug_20_2012_171925107.docx) exceeds expectations #2 8th grade SS.docx (Advanced) (http://literacybytechnology.s3.amazonaws.com/worksampleuploads/3223/838927864_Aug_20_2012_171931690.docx) Not yet SS.docx (Not Yet) (http://literacybytechnology.s3.amazonaws.com/worksampleuploads/3223/53395991_Jan_10_2013_140325489.docx) Approaching Expectations.docx (Approaches Expectations) (http://literacybytechnology.s3.amazonaws.com/worksampleuploads/3223/7144561_Jan_10_2013_14071543.docx) Meeting Expectations.docx (Meets Expectations) (http://literacybytechnology.s3.amazonaws.com/worksampleuploads/3223/2051645134_Jan_10_2013_14110845.docx) Exceeding Expectations.docx (Advanced) (http://literacybytechnology.s3.amazonaws.com/worksampleuploads/3223/902180891_Jan_10_2013_141125127.docx) advanced rue 2012.docx (Advanced) Page 21 of 23 Module3223.pdf (http://literacybytechnology.s3.amazonaws.com/worksampleuploads/3223/2089940563_Jan_10_2013_14150552.docx) met rue 2012.docx (Meets Expectations) (http://literacybytechnology.s3.amazonaws.com/worksampleuploads/3223/866690701_Jan_10_2013_141521494.docx) approaches rue 2012.docx (Approaches Expectations) (http://literacybytechnology.s3.amazonaws.com/worksampleuploads/3223/277511559_Jan_10_2013_141537577.docx) not met rue 2012.docx (Not Yet) (http://literacybytechnology.s3.amazonaws.com/worksampleuploads/3223/805394816_Jan_10_2013_141552600.docx) Page 22 of 23 Module3223.pdf Comments Author Notes Other Comments Page 23 of 23