Selected Findings from the
2007 AcademyHealth Salary Survey
The Center for
Health Workforce Studies
„
„
AcademyHealth 2007 Annual Research Meeting
June 4, 2007
Jean Moore, Director
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health, SUNY at Albany
„
„
Based at the School of Public Health at SUNY
Albany
Conducts studies of the supply, demand, use
and education of the health workforce
Committed to collecting and analyzing data to
understand workforce dynamics and trends
Goal to inform public policies, the health and
education sectors, and the public
http://chws.albany.edu
Response Rates, 2007
Background
„
„
„
AcademyHealth conducted first salary survey
of its members in 2002
2nd
The
salary survey of AcademyHealth
members was conducted in 2007
Opportunity to:
„
„
„
„
„
3,547 members as of February 1st
3,415 (96.3%) with valid e-mails on file
1,317 responses
„
Compare changes over the past 5 years
„
38.6% Response Rate
37.1% of Membership
Learn more about factors that influence the
members’ salaries
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Respondents by Gender, 2007
Respondents by Age, 2002 & 2007
40%
2007
2002
35.0%
35%
28.8%
30%
Male
44%
Female
56%
27.0%
25.9%
23.4%
25%
18.9%
16.9%
20%
16.8%
15%
10%
5%
3.1% 2.8%
1.2% 0.7%
0%
< 25
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health - University at Albany, SUNY, May 2007
1
Race/Ethnicity of 2007 Respondents
Compared to the U.S. Population
Doctorate
71%
Non-clinical
57%
Clinical
12%
No advanced degree
5%
or
th
W
Ce
es
nt
tS
ra
l
ou
th
Ce
Ea
nt
st
r
al
So
ut
h
Ce
nt
ra
In
l
te
rn
at
io
na
l
M
ou
nt
ain
W
es
tN
Ce
nt
ra
l
En
gla
nd
Ne
w
At
lan
tic
No
rth
olu
m
bia
M
id
dle
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
2007 Respondents
by Highest Degree Reported
Master's
23%
Ea
st
N
at
iv
e
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Pa
c if
ic
0.2% 1.0%
to
fC
ic
/L
at
in
o
H
is
pa
n
Is
la
nd
A
er
fri
ca
nA
m
er
ic
an
/B
la
ck
P
ac
ifi
c
2.0% 1.5%
Di
st
ric
14.4%
2.1%
3.4%
At
la
nt
ic
U.S. population
12.8%
8.4%4.5%
A
si
an
/
e
W
hit
Respondents
O
th
er
/M
ul
tir
Am
ac
ia
er
l
ic
an
/A
m
er
ic
an
In
di
an
66.9%
18% 16%17%
16%
16%
16%
14% 14%
2007 2002
14%
13% 13%
11% 11%
12%
10%11%
10%
8%
6% 6%
6%
4% 4% 4%
3% 3% 3% 3% 3%
4%
2%
0%
So
ut
h
83.8%
(n
on
-H
is
pa
ni
c)
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Regional Distribution of Respondents,
2002 and 2007
Both
3%
Fields of Study for Master’s
Degrees, 2007
Master's: 681/1317 (51.7%)
Public Health (MPH)
Health Administration (MHA)
Public Policy (MPP)
Business Administration (MBA)
Economics
Health Services Research
Nursing (MSN)
Epidemiology
Other
Freq.
175
72
69
56
47
47
40
26
149
Percent
25.7%
10.6%
10.1%
8.2%
6.9%
6.9%
5.9%
3.8%
21.9%
Note: Reflects all master’s degrees, not only highest degree.
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Fields of Study for Non-Clinical
Doctorates, 2007
Non-Clin Doc: 754/1317 (57.3%) Frequency
Health Services Research
192
Economics
124
Health Policy
77
Sociology
52
Psychology
49
Nursing
40
Public Health
34
Public Policy
27
Epidemiology
22
Other
158
Percent
25.5%
16.4%
10.2%
6.9%
6.5%
5.3%
4.5%
3.6%
2.9%
21.0%
Fields of Study for Clinical
Doctorates, 2007
Clinical Doc: 180/1317 (13.7%)
Internal Medicine
Pediatrics
Family Practice
Medical subspecialty
Other
Frequency Percent
65
36.1%
26
14.4%
22
12.2%
13
7.2%
54
30.0%
Note: Reflects all clinical doctorates, including those held by respondents who also have a non-clinical
doctorate.
Note: Reflects all non-clinical doctorates, including those held by respondents who also have a
clinical doctorate.
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health - University at Albany, SUNY, May 2007
2
Median Salary of Respondents by Employment
Setting, 2002 and 2007 (1,000s)
Current Employment Setting
2007
2002
Membership
2007
56% 56%
60%
49%
50%
2002
$140
41%
40%
$120
$120
34% 33%
$100
$100
30%
$94
$92
$96
$89
$80
20%
10% 10%
10%
$60
7%
$40
0%
$20
Academic
Government
Private
$0
Academic
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Government
Private
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Median Academic Salary by
Title/Rank, 2007 ($1,000s)
Growth in Earnings of Respondents
(by Setting) Compared to All Workers
180
30%
$157
160
25%
25%
140
120
20%
100
$144
$103
$83
$83
$82
$70
80
15%
60
40
12%
9%
10%
20
6%
th
er
O
ta
ff
n
S
st
ra
ti o
in
i
ea
rc
h
R
es
Ad
m
Pr
of
es
so
r
Pr
of
es
so
r
e
All Workers
2001-2006
As
so
ci
at
Le
ct
ur
er
Private
ru
ct
or
/
Government
Academy Health Members, 2002-2007
In
st
Academic
As
si
st
an
t
0%
Pr
of
es
so
r
0
5%
Source for data on median earnings of all workers: US Bureau of Labor Statistics
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Private Sector Salary Growth
Between 2002 and 2007
Median Private Sector Salary by
Setting ($1,000s)
„
160
High salary growth
$148
$138
140
$135
„
$120
$110
120
$108
$105
„
100
80
„
60
Moderate salary growth
„
40
20
„
Foundation
Health
Plan/Insurer
Research Org.
Health Policy
Center
Health Care
Delivery Org
Consulting Firm
Pharmaceutical/
Biotech Industry
0
„
Health plan/insurer (+27%)
Foundations (+22%)
Low salary growth
„
„
„
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Health policy centers (+50%)
Health care delivery organizations (+36%)
Consulting firms (+12%)
Research organizations (+12%)
Pharmaceutical/Biotech (+11%)
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health - University at Albany, SUNY, May 2007
3
Median Salary Growth by Highest Degree
and Setting between 2002 and 2007
Median Salary by Highest Degree Attained
and Employment Setting ($1,000s)
„
$250.0
$200.0
Private
$200
Academic
„
„
$140
$150.0
$100.0
Highest growth
„
Government
$121
$120
$90
$102
$82
Moderate growth
„
$95
$91
„
$50.0
„
„
$0.0
Masters
Non-Clinical Doctorate
Clinical Doctorate
Non-clinical doctorate in private settings (+18%)
Non-clinical doctorate in academic settings (+17%)
Clinical doctorates in government settings (+15%)
Low growth
„
„
„
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Master’s degree in private settings (+27%)
Clinical doctorate in private settings (+21%)
Master’s degree in government settings (+5%)
Non-clinical doctorate in government settings (+7%)
Clinical doctorates in academic settings (+7%)
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Salary Growth For Women
Between 2002 and 2007
Median Full-Time Salary by Employment
Setting and Gender, 2007 ($1,000s)
Male
„
Female
Government
„
$160
$140
$140
$120
$110.5
$100
$100
„
$112
$92
$90
„
$80
Private
„
$60
$40
„
$20
„
$0
Government
Private
Academic
Men’s and women’s salaries grew at comparable rates (+25% and
+24%)
Women earned 79% of men in both 2002 and 2007
Academic
„
„
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Women’s salaries increased slightly more than men’s (+11% versus
+7%)
Women earned 87% of men in 2002 and 90% of men in 2007
Women’s salaries have gone up more than male (+18% versus +7%)
Women earned 74% of men in 2002, but 82% of men in 2007
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Median 2007 Salary by Gender and
Highest Degree ($1,000s)
Men
100
Female
$190
$200
Women
$128
140
120
Male
$171
180
160
Median 2007 Academic Salary by
Gender ($1,000s)
$111
$140
$180
$109
$150
$160
$131
$140
$93
$120
80
$100
60
$80
40
$60
20
$40
$130
$121
$98
$90
$75
$71 $69
$20
0
Non-clinical doctorate
only
Clinical doctorate only
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Both clinical and nonclinical doctorate
$0
Asst. Prof.
Assoc. Prof.
Professor
Admin
Research Staff
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health - University at Albany, SUNY, May 2007
4
Median Salary by
Race/Ethnicity, 2007 ($1,000s)
Non-Hispanic White
$140
$120
$124
URM
$110
$105
$100
$98
$100
Asian
Job Satisfaction in 2007: Satisfaction with
Current Occupation/Profession
$100
$90
Very satisfied
Somewhat satisfied
Somewhat dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
$102
$79
$80
Academic
$60
$40
Private
$20
$0
Government
Private
Academic
Government
0%
Underrepresented minorities (URMs) include Black/African-Americans, Hispanic/Latinos, and Native
American/American Indians
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Average Importance of Factors that
Influence Job Satisfaction, 2007
Academic Job Satisfaction in 2007
Importance rated on a scale of 1 (least important) to 5 (most important)
Academic
Private
Very satisfied
Government
Somew hat satisfied
Very satisfied
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Compensation
Somew hat satisfied
Somew hat dissatisfied
Somew hat dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
Compensation
Advancement
Advancement
Employer
Employer
Location
Profession
Location
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Profession
Intellectual
stim.
Colleagues
Autonomy
Research
opp.
Balanced
life
Bosses
Ability to
develop
skills
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Private Setting Job
Satisfaction in 2007
Very satisfied
0%
Somew hat satisfied
Somew hat dissatisfied
Likelihood of Initiating a Job Search in the
Next Year by Employment Setting, 2007
Very dissatisfied
Very likely
Somewhat likely
Somewhat unlikely
Very unlikely
Advancement
Government
Compensation
Private
Employer
Location
Academic
Profession
0%
20%
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
40%
60%
80%
100%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health - University at Albany, SUNY, May 2007
5
Predictors of Hourly Earnings
„
Predictors of Hourly Earnings
Regression results
„
„
„
„
Predicts earnings per hour actually worked
(which may exceed “official” workweek)
OLS regression presents effects net of all
other variables
„
„
„
„
„
Base earnings per hour worked for a white, male,
non-clinical doctorate just entering the profession
in academia and doing no administration or
health policy is $29.94
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
All else being equal
„
„
Women earn $3.86 less
Master’s degrees earn $9.55 less
Clinical doctorates earn $12.53 more
Those in private settings earn $5.92 more
Earnings increase by $1.06 for every year of
experience
For every additional 10% of one’s time spent in
administration, earnings rise by $1.56
For every additional 10% of one’s time spent doing
health policy, earnings rise by $1.08.
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
In Summary…..
„
„
Preliminary 2007 findings appear to be fairly
consistent with 2002 findings
Some characteristics are associated with
earnings, most strikingly gender and setting
„
„
Closing Thoughts….
„
„
Difficult to assess the relationship between
race/ethnicity and earnings due to the small number
of minority members
In general, members seem to be very satisfied
with their jobs
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
„
There are few opportunities for monitoring
the health services research and policy
workforce
Surveys such as these can help to improve
our understanding of this very diverse
field
AcademyHealth member support for these
efforts is critical to their success
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health - University at Albany, SUNY, May 2007
6