Selected Findings from the
2007 AcademyHealth Salary Survey
AcademyHealth 2007 Annual Research Meeting
June 4, 2007
Jean Moore, Director
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health, SUNY at Albany
http://chws.albany.edu
The Center for
Health Workforce Studies




Based at the School of Public Health at SUNY
Albany
Conducts studies of the supply, demand, use
and education of the health workforce
Committed to collecting and analyzing data to
understand workforce dynamics and trends
Goal to inform public policies, the health and
education sectors, and the public
Background
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
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AcademyHealth conducted first salary survey
of its members in 2002
The 2nd salary survey of AcademyHealth
members was conducted in 2007
Opportunity to:
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
Compare changes over the past 5 years
Learn more about factors that influence the
members’ salaries
Response Rates, 2007
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
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3,547 members as of February 1st
3,415 (96.3%) with valid e-mails on file
1,317 responses


38.6% Response Rate
37.1% of Membership
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Respondents by Gender, 2007
Male
44%
Female
56%
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Respondents by Age, 2002 & 2007
40%
2007
2002
35.0%
35%
28.8%
30%
27.0%
25.9%
23.4%
25%
18.9%
16.9%
20%
16.8%
15%
10%
5%
3.1% 2.8%
1.2% 0.7%
0%
< 25
25-34
35-44
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
45-54
55-64
65+
Race/Ethnicity of 2007 Respondents
Compared to the U.S. Population
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
te
hi
W
-H
n
o
(n
83.8%
66.9%
Respondents
12.8%
8.4%4.5%
ic)
n
a
isp
A
n/
a
i
s
c
if i
c
Pa
Is
er
d
n
la
e
m
A
na
r ic
Af
3.4%
/B
n
a
ric
ck
la
Hi
c
ni
a
sp
U.S. population
14.4%
2.1%
o
in
t
a
/L
er
th
O
2.0% 1.5%
/M
l
ia
c
a
tir
l
u
tiv
a
N
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
e
Am
/A
n
ica
er
m
ic
er
0.2% 1.0%
an
n
ia
d
In
Regional Distribution of Respondents,
2002 and 2007
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Ce
W
es
nt
ra
tS
l
ou
th
Ce
Ea
nt
st
ra
So
l
ut
h
Ce
nt
ra
l
In
te
rn
at
io
na
l
M
ou
nt
ain
or
th
En
gla
nd
W
es
tN
Ne
w
Ce
nt
ra
l
No
rth
At
lan
tic
Ea
st
M
id
dle
olu
m
bia
to
fC
Pa
c if
ic
Di
st
ric
So
ut
h
At
la
nt
ic
18% 16%17%
16%
16%
16%
14% 14%
14%
2007 2002
13% 13%
11% 11%
12%
10%11%
10%
8%
6% 6%
6%
4% 4% 4%
3% 3% 3% 3% 3%
4%
2%
0%
2007 Respondents
by Highest Degree Reported
Master's
23%
Doctorate
71%
Non-clinical
57%
Clinical
12%
No advanced degree
5%
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Both
3%
Fields of Study for Master’s
Degrees, 2007
Master's: 681/1317 (51.7%)
Public Health (MPH)
Health Administration (MHA)
Public Policy (MPP)
Business Administration (MBA)
Economics
Health Services Research
Nursing (MSN)
Epidemiology
Other
Freq.
175
72
69
56
47
47
40
26
149
Percent
25.7%
10.6%
10.1%
8.2%
6.9%
6.9%
5.9%
3.8%
21.9%
Note: Reflects all master’s degrees, not only highest degree.
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Fields of Study for Non-Clinical
Doctorates, 2007
Non-Clin Doc: 754/1317 (57.3%) Frequency
Health Services Research
192
Economics
124
Health Policy
77
Sociology
52
Psychology
49
Nursing
40
Public Health
34
Public Policy
27
Epidemiology
22
Other
158
Percent
25.5%
16.4%
10.2%
6.9%
6.5%
5.3%
4.5%
3.6%
2.9%
21.0%
Note: Reflects all non-clinical doctorates, including those held by respondents who also have a
clinical doctorate.
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Fields of Study for Clinical
Doctorates, 2007
Clinical Doc: 180/1317 (13.7%)
Internal Medicine
Pediatrics
Family Practice
Medical subspecialty
Other
Frequency Percent
65
36.1%
26
14.4%
22
12.2%
13
7.2%
54
30.0%
Note: Reflects all clinical doctorates, including those held by respondents who also have a non-clinical
doctorate.
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Current Employment Setting
2007
Membership
56% 56%
60%
50%
2002
49%
41%
40%
34% 33%
30%
20%
10% 10%
10%
7%
0%
Academic
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Government
Private
Median Salary of Respondents by Employment
Setting, 2002 and 2007 (1,000s)
2007
2002
$140
$120
$100
$120
$100
$92
$94
$89
$96
$80
$60
$40
$20
$0
Academic
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Government
Private
Growth in Earnings of Respondents
(by Setting) Compared to All Workers
30%
25%
25%
20%
15%
10%
12%
9%
6%
5%
0%
Academic
Government
Private
Academy Health Members, 2002-2007
All Workers
2001-2006
Source for data on median earnings of all workers: US Bureau of Labor Statistics
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Median Academic Salary by
Title/Rank, 2007 ($1,000s)
180
$157
160
$144
140
120
100
$103
$83
$83
$82
$70
80
60
40
20
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
R
th
er
O
ta
ff
S
es
ea
rc
h
in
is
tra
ti o
n
Ad
m
Pr
of
es
so
r
Pr
of
es
so
r
As
so
ci
at
e
Pr
of
es
so
r
As
si
st
an
t
In
st
ru
ct
or
/
Le
ct
ur
er
0
Median Private Sector Salary by
Setting ($1,000s)
$148
$138
140
$135
$110
$108
$105
Health
Plan/Insurer
Foundation
$120
120
Research Org.
160
100
80
60
40
20
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Health Policy
Center
Health Care
Delivery Org
Consulting Firm
Pharmaceutical/
Biotech Industry
0
Private Sector Salary Growth
Between 2002 and 2007

High salary growth
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Moderate salary growth
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Health policy centers (+50%)
Health care delivery organizations (+36%)
Health plan/insurer (+27%)
Foundations (+22%)
Low salary growth
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Consulting firms (+12%)
Research organizations (+12%)
Pharmaceutical/Biotech (+11%)
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Median Salary by Highest Degree Attained
and Employment Setting ($1,000s)
$250.0
Government
$200.0
Private
$140
$150.0
$100.0
$200
Academic
$121
$120
$90
$102
$82
$91
$95
$50.0
$0.0
Masters
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Non-Clinical Doctorate
Clinical Doctorate
Median Salary Growth by Highest Degree
and Setting between 2002 and 2007
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Highest growth
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Moderate growth
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Master’s degree in private settings (+27%)
Clinical doctorate in private settings (+21%)
Non-clinical doctorate in private settings (+18%)
Non-clinical doctorate in academic settings (+17%)
Clinical doctorates in government settings (+15%)
Low growth
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Master’s degree in government settings (+5%)
Non-clinical doctorate in government settings (+7%)
Clinical doctorates in academic settings (+7%)
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Median Full-Time Salary by Employment
Setting and Gender, 2007 ($1,000s)
Male
$160
Female
$140
$140
$120
$100
$110.5
$100
$112
$92
$90
$80
$60
$40
$20
$0
Government
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Private
Academic
Salary Growth For Women
Between 2002 and 2007

Government
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Private
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Women’s salaries increased slightly more than men’s (+11% versus
+7%)
Women earned 87% of men in 2002 and 90% of men in 2007
Men’s and women’s salaries grew at comparable rates (+25% and
+24%)
Women earned 79% of men in both 2002 and 2007
Academic
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Women’s salaries have gone up more than male (+18% versus +7%)
Women earned 74% of men in 2002, but 82% of men in 2007
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Median 2007 Salary by Gender and
Highest Degree ($1,000s)
180
160
$171
Men
Women
$128
140
120
100
$111
$140
$109
$93
80
60
40
20
0
Non-clinical doctorate
only
Clinical doctorate only
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Both clinical and nonclinical doctorate
Median 2007 Academic Salary by
Gender ($1,000s)
Male
Female
$190
$200
$180
$150
$160
$131
$140
$121
$120
$100
$80
$130
$98
$90
$75
$71 $69
$60
$40
$20
$0
Asst. Prof.
Assoc. Prof.
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Professor
Admin
Research Staff
Median Salary by
Race/Ethnicity, 2007 ($1,000s)
Non-Hispanic White
$140
$120
$100
$124
$100
$98
Asian
$105
URM
$110
$102
$100
$90
Private
Academic
$79
$80
$60
$40
$20
$0
Government
Underrepresented minorities (URMs) include Black/African-Americans, Hispanic/Latinos, and Native
American/American Indians
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Job Satisfaction in 2007: Satisfaction with
Current Occupation/Profession
Very satisfied
Somewhat satisfied
Somewhat dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
Academic
Private
Government
0%
20%
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
40%
60%
80%
100%
Average Importance of Factors that
Influence Job Satisfaction, 2007
Importance rated on a scale of 1 (least important) to 5 (most important)
Academic
Private
Autonomy
Research
opp.
Government
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Intellectual
stim.
Colleagues
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Balanced
life
Bosses
Ability to
develop
skills
Academic Job Satisfaction in 2007
Very satisfied
Somew hat satisfied
Very satisfied
Compensation
Somew hat satisfied
Somew hat dissatisfied
Somew hat dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
Compensation
Advancement
Advancement
Employer
Employer
Location
Profession
Location
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Profession
0%
20%
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
40%
60%
80%
100%
Private Setting Job
Satisfaction in 2007
Very satisfied
Somew hat satisfied
Somew hat dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
Advancement
Compensation
Employer
Location
Profession
0%
20%
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
40%
60%
80%
100%
Likelihood of Initiating a Job Search in the
Next Year by Employment Setting, 2007
Very likely
Somewhat likely
Somewhat unlikely
Very unlikely
Government
Private
Academic
0%
20%
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
40%
60%
80%
100%
Predictors of Hourly Earnings

Regression results


Predicts earnings per hour actually worked
(which may exceed “official” workweek)
OLS regression presents effects net of all
other variables

Base earnings per hour worked for a white, male,
non-clinical doctorate just entering the profession
in academia and doing no administration or
health policy is $29.94
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Predictors of Hourly Earnings

All else being equal
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
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Women earn $3.86 less
Master’s degrees earn $9.55 less
Clinical doctorates earn $12.53 more
Those in private settings earn $5.92 more
Earnings increase by $1.06 for every year of
experience
For every additional 10% of one’s time spent in
administration, earnings rise by $1.56
For every additional 10% of one’s time spent doing
health policy, earnings rise by $1.08.
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
In Summary…..


Preliminary 2007 findings appear to be fairly
consistent with 2002 findings
Some characteristics are associated with
earnings, most strikingly gender and setting


Difficult to assess the relationship between
race/ethnicity and earnings due to the small number
of minority members
In general, members seem to be very satisfied
with their jobs
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007
Closing Thoughts….



There are few opportunities for monitoring
the health services research and policy
workforce
Surveys such as these can help to improve
our understanding of this very diverse
field
AcademyHealth member support for these
efforts is critical to their success
Center for Health Workforce Studies
School of Public Health – University at Albany, SUNY
June 2007