INTERNATIONAL CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CHART
13.82
15.97
20.44
Ypresian
Danian
56.0
59.2
61.6
Capitanian
66.0
Campanian
83.6 ±0.2
86.3 ±0.5
Turonian
93.9
Cenomanian
100.5
Albian
~ 113.0
Aptian
~ 125.0
Lower
Barremian
Hauterivian
~ 129.4
~ 132.9
Valanginian
~ 139.8
Berriasian
~ 145.0
Wordian
Roadian
Kungurian
Cisuralian
Paleozoic
89.8 ±0.3
Guadalupian
Middle
247.2
251.2
252.2 ±0.5
254.2 ±0.1
259.9 ±0.4
265.1 ±0.4
268.8 ±0.5
Asselian
Gzhelian
Kasimovian
Moscovian
Bashkirian
Upper
Serpukhovian
Middle
Visean
Upper
423.0 ±2.3
425.6 ±0.9
427.4 ±0.5
430.5 ±0.7
433.4 ±0.8
Katian
458.4 ±0.9
Stage 10
485.4 ±1.9
Furongian
298.9 ±0.2
Series 3
Jiangshanian
Paibian
Guzhangian
Drumian
~ 489.5
~ 494
~ 497
~ 500.5
~ 504.5
Stage 5
~ 509
Stage 4
~ 514
Series 2
~ 521
Stage 2
1800
Paleoproterozoic
Orosirian
2050
Rhyacian
2300
Siderian
Neoarchean
2500
Mesoarchean
3200
Paleoarchean
3600
Eoarchean
Hadean
~ 4600
Units of all ranks are in the process of being defined by Global
Boundary Stratotype Section and Points (GSSP) for their lower
boundaries, including those of the Archean and Proterozoic, long
defined by Global Standard Stratigraphic Ages (GSSA). Charts
and detailed information on ratified GSSPs are available at the
website http://www.stratigraphy.org
Numerical ages are subject to revision and do not define units in
the Phanerozoic and the Ediacaran; only GSSPs do. For boundaries
in the Phanerozoic without ratified GSSPs or without constrained
numerical ages, an approximate numerical age (~) is provided.
Numerical ages for all systems except Triassic, Cretaceous and
Precambrian are taken from ‘A Geologic Time Scale 2012’ by
Gradstein et al. (2012); those for the Triassic and Cretaceous were
provided by the relevant ICS subcommissions.
Coloring follows the Commission for the
Geological Map of the World. http://www.ccgm.org
~ 529
Terreneuvian
Chart drafted by K.M. Cohen, S. Finney, P.L. Gibbard
(c) International Commission on Stratigraphy, August 2012
Fortunian
358.9 ±0.4
1600
Statherian
Stage 3
330.9 ±0.2
Tournaisian
1400
Calymmian
4000
467.3 ±1.1
470.0 ±1.4
477.7 ±1.4
290.1 ±0.1
323.2 ±0.4
Ectasian
Floian
Tremadocian
303.7 ±0.1
307.0 ±0.1
1200
Mesoproterozoic
Darriwilian
Lower
295.5 ±0.4
Stenian
453.0 ±0.7
Dapingian
850
2800
438.5 ±1.1
440.8 ±1.2
443.4 ±1.5
445.2 ±1.4
Sandbian
Middle
GSSP
GSSA
GSSP
Eo
no
t
Er hem
ath
/
em Eon
Sy
ste / Era
m
/P
eri
od
Llandovery
Ludfordian
Gorstian
Homerian
Sheinwoodian
Telychian
Aeronian
Rhuddanian
Hirnantian
279.3 ±0.6
346.7 ±0.4
Lower
Wenlock
272.3 ±0.5
315.2 ±0.2
Lower
Ludlow
Artinskian
Sakmarian
Upper
~ 242
407.6 ±2.6
410.8 ±2.8
419.2 ±3.2
~ 235
Lopingian
72.1 ±0.2
Santonian
Coniacian
Carnian
Anisian
Olenekian
Induan
Changhsingian
Wuchiapingian
Pragian
Pridoli
Norian
Ladinian
Eifelian
Lochkovian
199.3 ±0.3
201.3 ±0.2
~ 228
Lower
Maastrichtian
Upper
Upper
Middle
Permian
Paleocene
Thanetian
Selandian
Sinemurian
Phanerozoic
Paleogene
Lutetian
47.8
Mesozoic
Cretaceous
Phanerozoic
Eocene
Lower
190.8 ±1.0
Hettangian
387.7 ±0.8
Emsian
~ 208.5
33.9
Bartonian
Lower
~ 635
1000
393.3 ±1.2
Pliensbachian
Rhaetian
28.1
38.0
41.3
Givetian
~ 541
Tonian
382.7 ±1.6
Middle
numerical
age (Ma)
Cryogenian
Frasnian
182.7 ±0.7
23.03
Rupelian
Priabonian
Toarcian
372.2 ±1.6
Proterozoic
11.62
Upper
Neoproterozoic
Archean
7.246
Ediacaran
Famennian
157.3 ±1.0
174.1 ±1.0
Eonothem
/ Eon Erathem / Era System / Period
358.9 ± 0.4
152.1 ±0.9
163.5 ±1.0
166.1 ±1.2
168.3 ±1.3
170.3 ±1.4
numerical
age (Ma)
Precambrian
5.333
Middle
Stage / Age
145.0 ± 0.8
Devonian
Jurassic
2.588
3.600
GSSP
Eo
no
t
Er hem
ath
/
em Eon
Sy
/
Er
s te
a
m
/P
eri
od
1.806
Oxfordian
Callovian
Bathonian
Bajocian
Aalenian
Series / Epoch
Silurian
Oligocene
0.781
Kimmeridgian
numerical
age (Ma)
Cambrian
Chattian
Stage / Age
Phanerozoic
Paleozoic
Ordovician
Aquitanian
Upper
Mississippian Pennsylvanian
Serravallian
Langhian
Burdigalian
International Commission on Stratigraphy
August 2012
Tithonian
0.0117
0.126
Triassic
Upper
Middle
Calabrian
Gelasian
Piacenzian
Zanclean
Messinian
Tortonian
Miocene
Series / Epoch
Carboniferous
Pleistocene
numerical
age (Ma)
present
Holocene
Pliocene
Cenozoic
Neogene
Stage / Age
Mesozoic
Quaternary
Series / Epoch
GSSP
Eo
no
t
Er hem
ath
/
em Eon
Sy
/
Er
s te
a
m
/P
eri
od
www.stratigraphy.org
541.0 ±1.0