Characterization of Organic
Aerosol in the Suburban Area
of Beijing
J. Zhou1, X. Zhu1, T. Wang1, and X. Zhang2
1
College of Resources and Information Tech., China University of Petroleum
2 Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
October 19, 2007
Outline

Introduction of on-going research

Study design

Chemical composition of particulate
organic matter (POM)

PAHs pollution and the major
sources

Preliminary results regarding health
risk assessment

Future work
Motivation



Impact on climate change, visibility,
atmospheric chemistry in stratosphere and
troposphere and adverse effect on human
health
Need for more monitoring data to refine the
knowledge of organic aerosol pollution in
China
Characteristics of organic aerosol pollution in
suburban and rural areas
Research




Distribution of organic compounds in particles
with different size (2003-2004, cooperation
with Dr. Zhang)
Difference in air pollution characteristics
between urban and suburban areas (20032004, cooperation with Dr. Zhang)
Chemical composition of POM in PM2.5 and
PM10 (2003-present)
Effect of human activities on POM, especially
PAHs and alkanes (2003-present)
Specific Aim: to characterize POM pollution in suburban
area and to understand the major sources
Study Design

Sampling sites
Changping District－
suburban area；
Haidian District － urban
area

Sampling campaigns
Suburban area: 2003－
present
Urban area: 2003 － 2004
In four seasons
Particulate Matter Collected
Particles with different size (≥7.0μm; 3.3～7.0μm; 2.0～
3.3μm 1.1～2.0μm ≤1.1μm) – during 2003-2004;
PM10－during 2003-2007；
PM2.5 – during 2004-2007.
Sample collection
Extraction
Concentration
BSTFA
GC-MS
Column cleaning
Aliphatic
hydrocarbons
Aromatic
hydrocarbons
Polar
Compounds
BSTFA
PAHs
Standard
solution
GC-MS
Qualification &
Quantification
Data analysis
30
相对含量（％）
郊区冬季
未知物
其它
酞酸酯
二元酸/酯类
单糖
藿烷/甾烷
正脂肪醇
未知物
其它
酞酸酯
二元酸/酯类
单糖
藿烷/甾烷
正脂肪醇
n-Alkanol: 6.2％∼21.8％(average of
11.0％)，highest in spring
PAHs: 2.1％∼15.4％(average
of 5.8％)，
城乡结合部秋季
highest in winter
未知物
其它
酞酸酯
二元酸/酯类
单糖
藿烷/甾烷
Sugar: 0.8％∼15.3％(average of 6.5％)，
highest in autumn
正脂肪醇
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
正脂肪酸
城乡结合部夏季
Fatty acid: 18.9％∼43.5％(average
of，
30％)，highest in summer
正烷烃
未知物
其它
酞酸酯
二元酸/酯类
单糖
藿烷/甾烷
相对含量（％）
相对含量（％）
composition
未知物
其它
酞酸酯
二元酸/酯类
单糖
藿烷/甾烷
正脂肪醇
正脂肪醇
n-Alkane:13.7％-23.3％(average
of 19.0％)，highest in winter
正烷烃
未知物
其它
酞酸酯
二元酸/酯类
单糖
藿烷/甾烷
正脂肪醇
正脂肪酸
多环芳烃
多环芳烃
正脂肪酸
正脂肪酸
正烷烃
多环芳烃
Hopane & Sterane:
average of 2.8％
城乡结合部冬季
25
20
15
10
5
Dicarboxylic acid and ester: average of
1.33%, products of photochemical reaction
未知物
其它
酞酸酯
二元酸/酯类
单糖
藿烷/甾烷
正脂肪醇
正脂肪酸
多环芳烃
正烷烃
未知物
其它
酞酸酯
二元酸/酯类
单糖
藿烷/甾烷
正脂肪醇
正烷烃
0
正脂肪酸
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
郊区秋季
多环芳烃
相对含量（％）
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
郊区夏季
正烷烃
相对含量（％）
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
相对含量（％）
正烷烃
0
10
5
0
正脂肪酸
5
正脂肪酸
10
多环芳烃
15
城乡结合部春季
多环芳烃
相对含量（％）
相对含量（%）
20
35
30
25
20
15
多环芳烃
郊区春季
25
正烷烃
30
Major sources
Natural
Anthropogenic
Bacteria and Algae
20.1％
Higher plant wax
24.0％
Fossil fuel
3.60％
Pyrolysis origin
31.4％
Biomass burning
10.4％
Secondary
1.33％
Unknown
9.10％
Seasonal variation of PAHs

Correlation analysis: temperature and PAH
decay
Multiple approaches to investigate the major
sources:





Molecular marker
Source profile comparison
Specific ratios
Multi-variable statistical analysis
Seasonal Variation and Temp.
郊区
城乡结合部
温度
35
1600
30
1400
25
1200
20
1000
15
800
10
600
5
400
0
200
-5
0
-10
03年春季 03年夏季 03年秋季 03年冬季 04年春季 04年夏季 04年秋季 04年冬季
温度 ℃
多环芳烃总量 ng/m3
1800
Seasonal Variation and Decay in Air
PAHs 总量
BeP/BaP
350
2.5
2
250
200
1.5
150
1
100
0.5
50
0
0
春
夏
秋
城乡结合部
冬
春
夏
郊
秋
区
冬
BeP/BaP
PAHs总量/ng/m 3
300
Seasonal Variation and Emission Sources
郊区
春季
19%
Major sources and the contributions
夏季
2%
冬季
52%
秋季
27%
Coal/wood combustion: 26.8％;
Petroleum combustion: 41.8％;
Coke plant: 28.3％;
Diesel vehicle: 3.1％
Seasonal variation in the contribution of coal combustion
Benzo(a)Pyrene concentration in PM10
14
浓度 ng/m3
12
12.28
NAAQS
10
8
苯并[a]芘
6
4.4
4
2
0
北京
1.4
1.9
罗马
伦敦
哥本哈根
Health Risk Assessment
Corrected PAHs conc. with toxic equivalency factors (TEF) in Beijing ng/m3
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
化合物
TEFs
Urban
area
Suburba
n area
Urban
area
Suburban
area
Urban
area
Suburban
area
Urban
area
Suburban
area
Naphthalene
0.001
＜0.001
＜0.001
0.001
＜0.001
0.001
＜0.001
0.001
＜0.001
0.003
0.001
＜0.001
＜0.001
0.003
0.002
0.028
0.016
0.059
0.030
Acenaphthylene
Acenaphthene
Fluorene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Corrected
concentration
provides＜0.001
the information
＜0.001
＜0.001
＜0.001
＜0.001
＜0.001
0.001
regarding
risk.＜0.001 ＜0.001 ＜0.001 ＜0.001
＜0.001 health
＜0.001
0.001
For
example,
(lower
corrected
while 0.001
＜0.001 pyrene
＜0.001
＜0.001
＜0.001conc.
0.001
0.002
high ambient
conc.),
benzo(a)pyrene
＜0.001 (higher
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.010
0.006
corrected
conc.
while
lower
ambient
conc.)
0.01
0.001
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.014
0.011
Fluoanthene
0.001
0.003
0.005
0.002
0.001
0.013
0.016
0.055
0.029
Pyrene
0.001
0.003
0.005
0.002
0.001
0.013
0.015
0.048
0.028
Benzo[a]anthracene
0.1
0.259
0.294
0.007
0.035
1.368
1.250
2.433
1.776
Chrysene
0.01
0.047
0.054
0.003
0.006
0.227
0.182
0.290
0.219
Benzo[b+k]fluoanth
ene*
0.1
0.846
3.046
2.260
5.396
14.305
11.113
0.155
1.970
1.003
Benzo[a]pyrene
1
High 1.155
corrected
conc. were
1.278
0.006
0.128
0.626
observed with 11.47ng/m3 in
3 in
urban
and 8.98ng/m
5.299
4.511 area
0.027
0.581
5.582
suburban
area. 0.001
＜0.001
1.651
1.217
0.001
Indo[1,2,3cd]pyrene
0.1
Dibenzo[a,h]anthra
cene
1
2.088
1.470
0.001
0.105
0.001
0.323
4.624
1.314
Benzo[ghi]perylene
0.01
0.185
0.150
0.001
0.022
0.119
0.065
0.184
0.141
10.815
8.866
0.054
0.882
7.978
8.266
27.048
17.934
0.49
0.51
0.50
0.66
0.70
0.65
0.53
0.62
∑PAHs
BaP/∑PAHs
Future Work
1.
Characterization of air pollution in suburban and
rural area
①
②
2.
Application of multiple approaches to source
apportionment of POM
①
②
3.
Organic aerosol
Trace metals, especially those in HAP list (chromium)
Molecular markers or organic tracers
Carbon isotopes
Air toxic pollution and human health
①
②
Measurement of personal exposure
Outdoor/indoor sources and personal exposure
Thank you