Complete set of individual data on cases of hypervitaminosis A reported in scientific literature
(Table was last updated fall 2002). For details se Myhre et al. “Water-miscible, emulsified, and solid forms of retinol supplements are
more toxic than oil-based preparations”. Am J Clin Nutr, 2003, 78 (in press)
Acute hypervitaminosis A
Symptoms
Age Database Sex Dose Time Physical
Did
Country were 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(years)
(ID #)
(mg/kg) (days) form of the suppl
intoxication
suppl. contain
occurred
vit D?
References
0-2
95
3.8
1
India
xx
Gomber & Chellani 1996 Indian Pediatr 33:1053-1055
0-2
96
3.5
1
India
x
Gomber & Chellani 1996 Indian Pediatr 33:1053-1055
0-2
97
3.8
1
India
xx
Gomber & Chellani 1996 Indian Pediatr 33:1053-1055
0-2
174
M
18.8
1
Yes
France
xx
0-2
175
M
15.0
1
Yes
France
xx
Marie & See 1954 J Dis Child 87:731-736
0-2
176
F
19.1
1
Yes
France
xx
Marie & See 1954 J Dis Child 87:731-736
0-2
178
M
17.5
1
France
xx
0-2
207
M
4.9
1
USA
xx
x
x
Marie & See 1954 J Dis Child 87:731-736
Marie & See 1954 J Dis Child 87:731-736
Rothman & Knudson 1953 Amer J Dis Child 85:316-334.
xxx
0-2
213
M
8.9
2
Yes
Germany
xxx
0-2
214
F
4.9
2
Yes
Netherlands
x
x
Hooft 1954 Maandschrift voor Kindergeneeskunde 22:271-279
0-2
215
F
4.6
1
Yes
Netherlands
x
x
Hooft 1954 Maandschrift voor Kindergeneeskunde 22:271-279
0-2
216
F
10.0
1
Yes
Netherlands
xx
0-2
217
M
5.0
1
Netherlands
x
0-2
243
M
21.4
1
solid
Yes
France
x
0-2
260
M
18.0
1
solid
No
France
xx
0-2
262
M
12.0
1
em/w-misc.
Yes
Spain
x
0-2
263
F
24.0
1
em/w-misc.
Yes
Spain
xx
0-2
264
F
24.0
1
em/w-misc.
Yes
Spain
x
0-2
265
M
15.0
1
em/w-misc.
Yes
Spain
xxx
0-2
266
F
17.1
1
in oil
Yes
Spain
x
Ferraro 1953 Acta Pediatr Esp 11:350-352.
0-2
267
F
24.0
1
em/w-misc.
Yes
Spain
x
Ferraro 1953 Acta Pediatr Esp 11:350-352
0-2
268
F
28.5
1
Yes
Spain
xx
Garcia 1951 Acta Pediatr Esp 8:1448-1449
0-2
269
F
24.0
1
Spain
x
0-2
270
M
21.4
1
Yes
Spain
0-2
271
M
25.5
1
Yes
Spain
em/w-misc.
Ehrengut 1955 Zeitschrift für Kinderheilkunde 77:468-482.
Hooft 1954 Maandschrift voor Kindergeneeskunde 22:271-279
x
Hooft 1954 Maandschrift voor Kindergeneeskunde 22:271-279
Marie & See 1951 Arch Franc Pediat 8:563-565
x
x
Marie & See 1951 Arch Franc Pediat 8:563-565
Moreno 1959 Acta Pediatr Esp 17:304-306
x
Garcia-Pelayo 1952 Acta Pediatr Esp 10:946-947
Outón & Outón 1954 Acta Pediatr Esp 12:480-481
x
x
Garcia-Pelayo.D.R. Acta Pediatr Esp 1954;12:478-479
x
Rodriguez 1952 Acta Pediatr Esp 10:648-651
x
x
Moreno 1952 Acta Pediatr Esp 10:938-945.
xx
x
Moreno 1952 Acta Pediatr Esp 10:938-945.
0-2
272
F
18.2
1
Yes
Spain
xx
Moreno 1952 Acta Pediatr Esp 10938-945.
0-2
273
M
23.5
1
Yes
Spain
x
Moreno 1952 Acta Pediatr Esp 10:938-945.
0-2
274
M
21.0
1
Spain
xx
Moreno 1952 Acta Pediatr Esp 10938-945.
0-2
275
M
15.0
1
Yes
Spain
xx
Moreno 1952 Acta Pediatr Esp 10938-945.
0-2
276
F
13.3
1
em/w-misc.
Yes
Spain
xx
0-2
277
M
14.0
1
em/w-misc.
Yes
Spain
xx
Outón 1953 Acta Pediatr Esp 11:122-125
0-2
284
F
8.6
1
solid
Yes
France
x
Demoulin 1953 Rev Med Liege. 8:310-314
0-2
285
F
8.6
1
solid
Yes
France
xx
0-2
286
M
10.0
1
solid
Yes
France
x
0-2
287
M
11.1
1
solid
Yes
France
x
x x Hamza & Helioui-Gavrilenko 1957 La Tunisie Medicale 45:623-626
0-2
288
13.5
1
solid
Yes
France
xx
x
0-2
289
F
29.2
1
solid
Yes
France
xx
x
0-2
290
M
18.8
1
solid
Yes
France
xx
x
0-2
291
M
15.0
1
solid
Yes
France
xx
0-2
292
F
19.1
1
solid
Yes
France
xx
Marie & See 1951 Arch Franc Pediat 8:563-565
0-2
294
M
8.6
1
em/w-misc.
Yes
Spain
xx
Garcia & Sánchez de Puerta 1953 Acta Pediatr Esp 11:667-668
0-2
295
F
10.9
1
em/w-misc.
Yes
Spain
xx
0-2
296
F
11.5
1
in oil
Yes
Spain
xx
0-2
297
M
7.8
1
em/w-misc.
Yes
Spain
xx
Garcia & Sánchez de Puerta 1953 Acta Pediatr Esp 11:667-668
0-2
298
F
8.7
1
in oil
Yes
Spain
xx
Garcia & Sánchez de Puerta 1953 Acta Pediatr Esp 11:667-668
0-2
299
F
12.0
1
em/w-misc.
Yes
Spain
xx
Garcia & Sánchez de Puerta 1953 Acta Pediatr Esp 11:667-668
0-2
300
F
12.0
1
in oil
Spain
xx
0-2
303
F
21.4
1
Italy
xx
Marinoni & Paninzon 1954 Acta Pediatrica Latina 7:309-317
0-2
306
M
15.0
1
Italy
x
Marinoni & Paninzon 1954 Acta Pediatrica Latina 7:309-317
0-2
307
M
6.4
1
Italy
x
Marinoni & Paninzon 1954 Acta Pediatrica Latina 7:309-317
3-6
45
F
16.7
1
USA
xxxxx
3-6
302
M
8.0
1
Italy
xx
> 16
59
F
6.3
1
South Africa
xx
> 16
194
F
37.6
1
Sri Lanka
xx
> 16
195
M
16.0
1
USA
xx
Yes
in oil
Yes
in oil
Shark liver
Yes
x
x
Perez 1953 Acta Pediatr Esp 11:931-936.
x
Demoulin 1953 Rev Med Liege. 8:310-314
Demoulin 1953 Rev Med Liege. 8:310-314
Fleury 1952 Arch Franc Pediat 9:1061-1062
x
Marie & See 1951 Arch Franc Pediat 8:563-565
x
Marie & See 1951 Arch Franc Pediat 8:563-565
x
x Garcia & Sánchez de Puerta 1953 Acta Pediatr Esp 11:667-668
x
x
Caruana & Hamza. Arch Franc Pediat 10:982-983
x
Garcia & Sánchez de Puerta 1953 Acta Pediatr Esp 11:667-668
Garcia & Sánchez de Puerta 1953 Acta Pediatr Esp 11:667-668
x x James et al.1982 Pediatrics 69:112-115
Marinoni & Paninzon Acta Pediatrica Latina 7:309-317
x
x
Furman 1973 Am J Clin Nutr. 26:575-577
x Misbah et al. 1984 J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 47:216-
x
x LaMantia & Andrews South Med J 74:1012-1014
Chronic hypervitaminosis A
Symptoms
Age
(years)
Database
ID #
Sex
Dose
Time Physical Did suppl. Country were
(mg/kg) (days) form of the Contain the intoxication
suppl. vitamin D?
occurred
Chicken
0.3
913 liver
USA
xxxxx
0-2
5
M
0-2
9
M
1.1
60
em/w-misc.
Yes
Sweden
x
x
0-2
10
M
1.2
25
em/w-misc.
Yes
Sweden
x
xx
0-2
11
F
3.2
50
em/w-misc.
Yes
Sweden
x
xxx
x x Persson et al.1965 Acta Pædiatrica Scandinavica 54:49-60
0-2
12
M
0.8
75
em/w-misc.
Yes
Sweden
x
x
x x Persson et al. 1965 Acta Pædiatrica Scandinavica 54:49-60
0-2
13
F
0.8
98
em/w-misc.
Yes
Sweden
xx
0-2
27
M
0.6
Yes
USA
xxxxx
0-2
48
F
1.6
120
mixed
USA
xx
x
x Mahoney et al. 1980 Pediatrics 65:893-897
0-2
49
F
2.3
120
mixed
USA
xx
x
x Mahoney et al. 1980 Pediatrics 65:893-897
0-2
62
F
1.7
210
in oil
USA
x
xx
0-2
76
M
1.3
365
Yes
USA
xx
xx
x x Siegel & Spackman 1972 Clin Pediatr (Phila.) 11:580-584
0-2
77
F
1.0
270
No
USA
xx
x
x Siegel & Spackman 1972. Clin Pediatr (Phila.) 11:580-584
0-2
98
12.0
30
Italy
xx
0-2
99
M
12.9
11
USA
xxxxx
x x Bush & Dahms Arch Pathol Lab Med. 108:838-842
0-2
100
M
2.0
150
USA
x
xx
x x Gamble & Ip 1985 J Pediatr Orthop 5:219-221
0-2
101
M
0.8
90
USA
xx
xx
x x Scherl et al. 1992 Cutis. 50:209-210
0-2
144
M
9.6
1020 in oil
USA
x
xx
x x Josephs 1944 Am J Dis Child 67:33-43
0-2
155
M
13.4
686
in oil
0-2
162
M
0.9
15
em/w-misc.
0-2
164
M
1.8
275
0-2
181
F
3.9
0-2
182
F
7.1
0-2
183
F
0-2
184
M
em/w-misc.
em/w-misc.
Yes
x
Reference
x x Carpenter et al. 1987 J Pediatr 111:507-512
x x Persson et al. 1965 Acta Pædiatrica Scandinavica 54:49-60
x x x Persson et al. 1965 Acta Pædiatrica Scandinavica 54:49-60
x
Persson et al. 1965 Acta Pædiatrica Scandinavica 54:49-60
x
x x Lippe et al. 1981 Am J Dis Child 135:634-636
Ruby & Mital 1974 J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 56:1283-1287
x Gangemi et al. 1985 Acta Neurol (Napoli) 7:27-31
USA
xxxxx
x x Toomey & Morisette 1947 Am J Dis Child 73:473-480
USA
xx
x x Eid et al. 1990 J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 10:265-269
Sri Lanka
x
xxx
x Lamabadusuriya 1993 Ceylon Med J 38:44
in oil
Yes
USA
x
xx
x x Caffey 1950 Pediatrics 5:672-687
270
in oil
Yes
USA
x
xx
x x Caffey 1950 Pediatrics 5:672-687
18.8
183
in oil
Yes
USA
xx
x Caffey 1950 Pediatrics 5:672-687
5.4
450
in oil
Yes
USA
x
xx
x Caffey 1950 Pediatrics 5:672-687
0-2
185
M
7.1
165
in oil
Yes
USA
0-2
186
M
2.3
210
in oil
Yes
USA
0-2
187
M
5.2
510
in oil
Yes
USA
xx
0-2
197
M
1.4
100
em/w-misc.
Yes
Norway
x
0-2
199
F
12.2
270
in oil
0-2
201
F
0.8
510
in oil
Yes
USA
x
0-2
202
M
3.0
548
in oil
Yes
USA
xx
0-2
203
F
6.6
in oil
USA
xxx
0-2
204
F
3.2
75
in oil
USA
xxxx
x x Arena et al. 1951 J Pediatrics 8:788
0-2
208
M
5.4
120
USA
xx
xx
x x Woodard et al. 1961 Pediatr 59:260-264
0-2
237
M
4.0
150
in oil
USA
xx
xx
x x Rothman & Leon 1948 Radiology 51:368-374
0-2
238
F
2.5
60
in oil
Yes
USA
xx
xx
x x Rothman & Leon 1948 Radiology 51:368-374
0-2
239
F
5.0
458
in oil
Yes
USA
x
0-2
240
F
13.3
548
in oil
Yes
USA
xxxxx
0-2
241
F
5.1
365
in oil
Yes
USA
x
0-2
242
M
2.7
180
Yes
China
0-2
278
M
0.4
13
em/w-misc.
France
x
Olives et al. 1984 Arch Fr Pediatr 41:637-640
0-2
279
M
1.1
7
em/w-misc.
France
x
Olives et al. 1984 Arch Fr Pediatr 41:637-640
0-2
280
F
0.2
13
em/w-misc.
France
x
0-2
281
F
0.2
19
em/w-misc.
France
x
Olives et al. 1984 Arch Fr Pediatr 41:637-640
0-2
282
M
0.2
em/w-misc.
France
x
Olives et al. 1984 Arch Fr Pediatr 41:637-640
0-2
283
M
1.5
90
em/w-misc.
Yes
France
xxxxx
0-2
293
F
2.1
225
em/w-misc.
Yes
Switzerland
x
0-2
309
F
2.1
105
em/w-misc.
Italy
xx
x
0-2
310
F
2.7
150
Italy
x
xx
3-6
4
M
0.3
em/w-misc.
Chicken
1095 liver
3-6
15
M
0.2
912
3-6
19
M
2.2
0
in oil
x
USA
x
x x Caffey 1950 Pediatrics 5:672-687
x
x x Caffey 1950 Pediatrics 5:672-687
xx
xxx
xxxx
xxx
xx
x
xxx
xx
x
xx
x
x Caffey 1950 Pediatrics 5:672-687
x x Drablos & Slordahl Acta Pædiatrica Scandinavica 48:507-513
x Naz 1952 N Engl J Med 246:87-89
x x Berrey 1950 Pediatrics 6:78-85
x x Gribetz et al.1951 Pediatrics 7:372-385
x x Gribetz et al. 1951 Pediatrics 1951;7:372-385
x x Costello 1951 Hyperostosis 9:1831-1833
x x Dickey & Bradley 1948 Stanford Medical Bulletin 6:
Reyersbach et al. 1952 Pennsylvania Medical Journal 55:933x 934
x Okubo 1961 Shonika Kiy 7:373-
Olives et al. 1984 Arch Fr Pediatr 41:637-640
x Gottrand et al.1986 Arch Fr Pediatr 43:501-502
Frontali 1952 Dchweiz Med Wschr 82:430x Varveri 1967 Infanzia 64:27-38
x x Scianaro & Loiodice Minerva Pediatr 30:1531-1534
USA
x x x x x x x x Carpenter et al. 1987 J Pediatr 111:507-512
No
USA
xx
xx
x Farris & Erdman 1982 JAMA 247: 13> 16
Yes
USA
x
xx
x Frame et al. 1974 Ann Intern Med 80:44-48
3-6
20
M
1.0
120
3-6
26
M
4.6
3-6
31
F
3-6
33
3-6
Yes
USA
x
63
USA
xxxxx
0.4
180
USA
x
F
1.0
450
Belgium
47
F
2.4
180
3-6
53
F
1.1
3-6
61
F
1.5
3-6
63
M
0.6
3-6
65
M
0.7
180
3-6
68
M
1.0
173
3-6
78
F
1.4
365
3-6
79
F
1.6
120
3-6
84
F
1.9
60
3-6
87
F
0.8
3-6
91
M
0.5
60
3-6
103
M
0.4
365
3-6
104
F
3.4
365
mixed
3-6
108
M
0.2
730
in oil
3-6
109
F
3.6
90
3-6
117
F
0.6
3-6
118
F
3-6
148
3-6
No
x
Frame et al. 1974 Ann Intern Med 80:44-48
x x Lippe et al. 1981 Am J Dis Child 135:634-636
Marcus et al. 1985 Ann Ophthalmol 17(7):397-402
xx
x
x Noseda et al. 1985 J Clin.Gastroenterol. 7:344-349
Denmark
xx
xxx
x Kjaergaard et al. 1983 Ugeskr Laeger 145:3663-3665
300
USA
x
xxx
x Morrice & Havener 1960 JAMA 173:1802-1805
1643 mixed
USA
xx
USA
xx
USA
xx
USA
x
USA
xx
No
Belgium
x
Lombaert & Carton 1976 Eur Neurol 14: 340-350
No
Ethiopia
x
Alemayehu 1995 Ethiop Med J 33:265-270
em/w-misc.
uncertain
USA
mixed
Yes
USA
x Rubin et al. 1970 Am J Dis Child 119:132-138
Sharieff.G.Q.& Hanten.K. Ann Emerg Med 1996
x
xx
x Wieland et al. 1971 Lancet 1: 698x Seibert et al. 1981 Pediatr Radiol 10:173-174
x Lascari & Bell 1970 Clin Pediatr (Phila.) 9: 627-628
xx
USA
Yes
x
x
x
xx
x x Witzleben 1986 Pediatr Pathol 6:481-484
x x Fumich & Essig 1983 Am J Sports Med 11:34-37
x
x x Silverman & Lecks 1982 Clin Pediatr (Phila.) 21:172-174
USA
xxxx
x Rosenberg et al. 1982 Clin Pediatr (Phila.) 21:435-440
France
x x x x x x x Doireau et al. 1996 Arch Pediatr 3:888-890
France
xx
x
1369
USA
x
x x x x Morrice & Havener 1960 JAMA 173:1802-1805
1.1
300
USA
xx
xx
x x Morrice & Havener 1960 JAMA 173:1802-1805
M
0.4
365
Yes
USA
x
xx
149
M
0.1
1825
Yes
Israel
x x Miller & Hayon 1985 AJR Am J Roentgenol 144:767-768
Schurr et al. 1983 Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology &
x Nutrition 2:705-707
3-6
152
M
1.8
180
No
USA
xx
x Smith 1964 O.M & O.P 17:305-307
3-6
166
F
2.6
12
Yes
India
xx
x x Narayanan et al. 1972 Neurol India 20:231-232
3-6
167
M
0.6
365
No
USA
xxxxx
x Patel et al. 1988 CMAJ 139:755-756
3-6
172
M
1.9
30
Denmark
xx
xx
x x Mikkelsen et al. 1974 Acta Neurol Scand 50:642-650
3-6
173
M
1.9
30
Denmark
x
x
3-6
190
M
2.3
730
Germany
xx
xx
xx
x Turck et al. 1981 Lille Med 26:173-174
x Mikkelsen et al.1974 Acta Neurol Scand 50:642-650
x x Ammann et al. 1968 Helv Paediatr Acta 23:137-146
3-6
212
M
1.5
365
solid
USA
x
xx
3-6
236
M
0.6
365
USA
xx
xx
x x Wason & Lovejoy 1982 Am J Dis Child 136:174
> 16
6
F
0.1
2190
No
Switzerland
xx
x
No
Switzerland
xx
xx
x x Theiler et al. 1994 Clin Rheumatol 13(2): 293-298.
Theiler et al. 1993 Schweiz Med Wochenschr 123(51-52):
x x 2405-2412.
> 16
7
F
0.1
420
solid
> 16
8
F
0.3
150
mixed
USA
xxx
> 16
14
F
0.4
1460
Australia
> 16
16
M
2.3
280
USA
x
> 16
17
F
0.5
1278
USA
x
> 16
18
F
0.8
1095
Yes
USA
xx
xx
x x Fisher & Skillern 1974 JAMA 227: 1413-1414
> 16
21
M
0.2
360
Yes
USA
x
x
x x Frame et al. 1974. Ann Intern Med 80(1): 44-48.
> 16
22
F
1.4
60
No
England
xx
> 16
23
M
0.2
USA
x
xx
> 16
24
F
1.4
90
USA
xx
x
> 16
25
F
0.8
365
Israel
x
> 16
28
F
0.1
USA
xx
> 16
32
F
1.4
em/w-misc.
USA
x
> 16
34
F
0.3
unknown
USA
xx
> 16
35
F
0.7
solid
USA
x
> 16
37
M
0.3
mix
England
> 16
38
F
0.5
365
em/w-misc.
Denmark
> 16
39
F
0.2
9125 em/w-misc.
Denmark
> 16
40
M
0.2
2373
USA
> 16
41
F
0.1
90
> 16
42
M
0.3
1825
> 16
43
M
0.7
> 16
44
M
0.2
2190
> 16
46
M
0.9
730
> 16
50
F
3.0
1825
USA
x
x
x Russell et al. 1974 N Engl J Med 291(9): 435-440.
> 16
51
M
1.6
2920
USA
xx
x
Russell et al. 1974 N Engl J Med 291(9): 435-440.
3102 Beef liver
600
em/w-misc.
No
No
Yes
USA
USA
x Kane.1952 Arizona Medicine 5:29-39
x
x x Ellis et al. 1986 Ann Intern Med 105(6): 877-879.
xx
x Farrell et al. 1977 Am J Dig Dis 22(8): 724-728.
xx
x Feldman & Schlezinger 1970 Arch Neurol 22: 1-7
x Feldman & Schlezinger 1970 Arch Neurol 22: 1-7
x
x x Guarascio et al. 1983. J Clin Pathol 36(7): 769-771.
x Inkeles et al. 1986 Am J Med 80: 491-496
x x Inkeles et al. 1986. Am J Med 80(3): 491-496.
x Krausz et al.1978 Isr J Med Sci 14: 858-861
x
Marcus et al. 1985 A. Ann Ophthalmol 17(7): 397-402.
x
x x Muggia 1992. J Natl Cancer Inst 84(18): 1444-1445.
xx
x x Ragavan et al. 1982 Am J Med Sci 283(3): 161-164.
x x x Restak 1972 J Nerv Ment Dis 155: 72-75.
x
x
xx
xx
xx
x No authors listed 1982 Nutr Rev 40(10): 303-305.
x
Avnstorp et al. 1983. Ugeskr Laeger 145(47): 3663-3665.
xx
x x Avnstorp et al. 1983. Ugeskr Laeger 145(47): 3663-3665.
x
xx
x
x x Babb & Kieraldo 1978 West J Med 128(3): 244-246.
x Baxi & Dailey. West J Med 137: 429-431
x Jacques et al. 1979 Gastroenterology 76(3): 599-602.
South Africa
x x x x x x x x Hofman et al. 1978 S Afr Med J 54: 579-580
Yes
USA
xxxxx
No
USA
x x x x x x x Katz & Tzagournis 1972 Metabolism 21: 1171-1176.
x x Davidson 1984 South Med J 77: 200-203
> 16
52
M
0.6
USA
x
> 16
54
M
0.2
> 16
55
F
> 16
56
> 16
3650
Canada
x
x Minuk et al. 1988 . Hepatology 8(2): 272-275.
0.2
3650
Canada
x
x Minuk et al. 1988 . Hepatology 8(2): 272-275.
M
0.04
1095
Canada
xx
Minuk et al. 1988 . Hepatology 8(2): 272-275.
57
F
2.6
1095
USA
xxxxx
> 16
60
F
1.0
USA
x
> 16
64
F
0.1
Australia
x
> 16
66
F
1.1
1825
Switzerland
> 16
67
F
1.0
180
Brazil
> 16
69
M
2.1
730
> 16
70
F
1.6
5475
> 16
71
F
0.7
> 16
72
F
0.7
> 16
73
F
0.7
> 16
74
F
1.3
> 16
75
M
> 16
80
> 16
No
xx
x
xx
xx
x
x x Smith 1989 Postgrad Med 85(4): 53-4. 56.
x Di Benedetto 1967. JAMA 201(9): 700-702.
Jowsey & Riggs 1968 J Clin Endocrinol Metab 28(12): 1833x 1835.
Wettstein & O'Neill 1998 Aust Fam Physician 27 Suppl 1:S556: S55-S56
Burgi et al. 1985 Schweiz Med Wochenschr 115(15): 526-528.
x de Menezes et al. 1984 J Periodontol 55(8): 474-476.
France
x x x x x x x Baglin et al. 1986 Ann Med Interne (Paris) 137: 142-146
France
x
solid
France
x
solid
France
4380 solid
France
x
solid
France
x
1.0
3650 em/w-misc.
Algerie
F
0.2
180
No
Belgium
x
81
F
1.5
730
No
Belgium
x
> 16
82
F
0.5
120
> 16
83
F
0.2
10950
> 16
85
F
0.6
> 16
86
M
0.1
> 16
88
M
1.0
1460
> 16
90
F
0.5
365
> 16
92
F
0.4
1460 em/w-misc.
France
> 16
105
M
1.0
365
Belgium
> 16
110
F
1.0
912
em/w-misc.
> 16
111
F
1.5
56
em/w-misc.
90
90
solid
x
solid
Yes
Maroy etal. 1989. Presse Med 18(11): 567-570.
x
USA
x
China
x
Maroy et al. 1989. Presse Med 18(11): 567-570.
x
x
x
x
Maroy et al. 1989. Presse Med 18(11): 567-570.
Verneau et al. 1984. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 8(2): 121-125.
Lombaert & Carton. 1976. Eur Neurol 14(5): 340-350.
USA
India
No
x
x
China
x x Belaiche et al. 1990 . Rev Med Liege 45(8): 381-389.
x x Maroy etal. 1989. Presse Med 18(11): 567-570.
x
USA
solid
x
x x Lombaert & Carton 1976 Eur Neurol 14: 340-350
x x x x x Park et al. 1985. Clin Nucl Med 10(5): 364-366.
x
x
x x Eaton 1978. Am J Hosp Pharm 35(9): 1099-1102.
Warren 1973 Lepr Rev 44: 220-222
Warren 1973 Lepr Rev 44: 220-222
x
Schiller & Goldstein 1988 Am J Med 84(2): 372-373.
Gupta & Kumar. 1974. J Assoc Physicians India. 22(11): 865x x x x x 868.
Bioulac-Sage et al. 1988 Arch Pathol Lab Med 112(5): 505x 509.
x
x
Netherlands
x
Netherlands
xx
Jorens et al. 1992 Liver 12: 381-386.
x x x x x Jennekens & Veelen1966 Presse Med 74: 2925-2928
Turck et al. 1981 Lille Med 26: 173-174
> 16
112
F
0.7
2555
Belgium
x
xx
> 16
113
F
1.1
4380
France
> 16
114
F
1.0
1095
Belgium
xxxxx
> 16
115
F
0.4
150
France
xx
> 16
116
F
0.5
1095
France
x
> 16
119
F
0.8
30
solid
No
France
x
xx
> 16
120
F
0.7
120
solid
No
France
x
x
x x Causse & Paliard. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 13(5): 526-527.
> 16
121
F
0.7
30
solid
No
France
x
x
x Danan et al. 1984 Gastroenterol Clin Biol 8(10): 770-771.
> 16
122
F
0.7
29
solid
No
France
xx
x
x Danan et al. 1984 Gastroenterol Clin Biol 8(10): 770-771.
> 16
123
F
0.5
15
solid
No
France
x
x x Danan et al. 1984 Gastroenterol Clin Biol 8(10): 770-771.
> 16
124
F
0.9
117
solid
> 16
125
F
0.4
70
solid
> 16
128
F
0.5
22
> 16
129
F
0.7
> 16
130
F
> 16
131
> 16
x
x
x
x Parent 1969 Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol 152:596-603596-603.
x Le Marchand et al. 1984 Gastroenterol Clin Biol 8(2): 116-120.
x x Zolenko et al. 1987 Acta Clin Belg 42(1): 43-47
Drouet & Valance 1998 Rev Neurol (Paris) 154(3): 253-256.
x Degott & Potet 1984 Arch Anat Cytol Pathol 32(1): 56.
x x Atttali et al. 1986 Gastroenterol Clin Biol 10: 92
France
xx
xx
No
France
x
x
x Larrey et al. 1988 Gastroenterol Clin Biol 12(3): 240-244.
solid
No
France
x
xx
x Larrey et al. 1988. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 12(3): 240-244.
60
solid
No
France
x
x Larrey et al. 1988. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 12(3): 240-244.
0.9
56
solid
No
France
x
xx
x Larrey et al. 1988. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 12(3): 240-244.
F
0.2
112
solid
No
France
x
x
x Larrey et al. 1988. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 12(3): 240-244.
132
F
0.6
120
solid
No
France
x
x
x Larrey et al. 1988. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 12(3): 240-244.
> 16
133
F
0.7
77
solid
No
France
x
x
x Larrey et al. 1988. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 12(3): 240-244.
> 16
134
F
0.6
1460 solid
No
France
x
> 16
135
F
0.4
330
solid
No
France
xx
x Dubois et al. 1991. Rev Med Interne. 12(4): 295-298.
Prudent et al. 1988 Ann Gastroenterol Hepatol (Paris) 24(1):
x 27.
> 16
136
F
0.7
21
solid
No
France
x
x
x Jean-Pastor et al. 1986 J Toxicol Clin Exp 6(2): 115-121.
> 16
138
F
0.4
15
solid
No
France
> 16
139
F
0.2
10
solid
No
France
> 16
140
F
0.5
7
solid
No
France
> 16
141
F
0.9
730
solid
No
France
> 16
142
M
4.0
25
em/w-misc.
> 16
143
F
0.5
730
> 16
145
M
0.3
3650
> 16
146
M
7.8
90
solid
x
x x Marti et al. 1986 Gastroenterol Clin Biol 10(12): 853.
x Jean-Pastor et al. 1986 J Toxicol Clin Exp 6(2): 115-121.
x
x Jean-Pastor et al. 1986 J Toxicol Clin Exp 6(2): 115-121.
x Jean-Pastor et al. 1986 J Toxicol Clin Exp 6(2): 115-121.
xx
x
xx
x x Jean-Pastor et al. 1986 J Toxicol Clin Exp 6(2): 115-121.
USA
xx
x x Hillmann 1956 Am J Clin Nutr 4(6): 603-608.
USA
x
Yes
USA
xx
xx
x x Hatoff et al. 1982. Gastroenterology 82(1): 124-128.
No
England
x
x
x Leitner et al. 1975. Proc Nutr Soc 34(2): 44A-45A.
x x x x x Stimson 1961 N Engl J Med 265: 369-373
McCance-Katz & Price 1992. Psychosomatics 33(1): 1>
x x 16118.
xx
x x Shaw & Niccoli 1953 Ann Intern Med 39: 131-134
147
F
0.1
730
USA
> 16
150
M
1.0
60
USA
> 16
151
F
0.02
730
> 16
153
F
0.3
2920
USA
xxxxx
> 16
154
F
0.6
3650
Australia
xxx
> 16
156
M
0.2
2555
USA
> 16
157
F
0.4
2900
France
> 16
158
F
0.9
365
France
> 16
160
M
0.3
45
> 16
161
M
0.2
> 16
163
F
0.4
> 16
165
F
> 16
169
> 16
solid
in oil
x
xx
> 16
x
Columbia
Yes
x
x Shmunes 1979 Arch Dermatol 115(7): 882-883
Bergen & Roels 1965 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
x x 16265-269.
x x x x Teo et al. 1973. Med J Aust 2(7): 324-326.
xx
x Weber et al. 1982 Gastroenterology 82(1): 118-123.
x Zafrani et al. 1984 Human Pathology 15(12):1166-1170
x
Zafrani et al. 1984 Human Pathology 15(12):1166-1170
USA
xx
USA
x
180
USA
xx
xx
0.1
2190
Switzerland
xx
x
F
0.8
600
USA
xxxxx
x x Muenter et al. 1971 Am J Med. 50: 129-135
170
F
1.1
2920
USA
xxxxx
> 16
171
M
0.2
5475
France
> 16
180
M
13.2
22
em/w-misc.
x x Muenter etal. 1971 Am J Med 50129-135.
Croquet et al. 2000 Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12(3): 361x 364.
Goeckenjan et al. 1972 Dtsch Med Wochenschr 97: 1424x x 1429
> 16
188
F
16.7
21
em/w-misc.
> 16
189
F
0.3
> 16
192
F
> 16
193
> 16
in oil
em/w-misc.
x Fishbane et al 1995 Am J Kidney Dis 25(2): 346-349.
x
x
x Fishbane et al 1995 Am J Kidney Dis 25(2): 346-349.
x Marino & Iacolucci 1987 J Am Osteopath Assoc 87: 563-565
x x Romero et al. 1996 Bull Hosp J Dis 54(3): 169-174
Germany
xx
x
No
Germany
xx
x x x x Leicht et al. 1973 Med Klin 68: 54-59.
1095 em/w-misc.
No
Germany
0.5
450
No
Denmark
F
0.02
1460
Germany
196
M
0.1
730
USA
x
> 16
200
M
0.2
1095
USA
xx
x
> 16
205
F
0.4
1460
USA
x
x x x x x Bifulco 1953 New England Journal of Medicine 248690-692.
> 16
206
F
0.6
210
USA
xxxxx
> 16
209
F
2.5
3103
USA
xx
> 16
211
M
6.1
49
Germany
x
> 16
218
F
0.4
2190
Denmark
xx
em/w-misc.
No
x
x
x Tholen et al. 1980 Leber Magen Darm. 10: 193-197
x
x Hamann & Avnstorp. 1982. Hautarzt 33(10): 559-561.
x Lucke et al. 1993 Med Klin 88(11): 668-669.
x Vollbracht & Gilroy 1976. Can J Neurol Sci 3: 59-61
x x Bloch 1955. Minnesota Med 38627-632.
x x Soler-Bechara & Soscia. 1963. Arch Intern Med 112462-466.
x x x x x Gerber et al.1954 Am J Med. 16: 729-745
Fleischmann et al. 1977. Dtsch Med Wochenschr p:1021637x x x 1640.
x
x x Baadsgaard & Thomsen 1983 Dan Med Bull 30: 51-52.
> 16
226
F
0.8
1460
USA
> 16
227
F
0.02
3650
USA
> 16
228
F
2.7
550
> 16
229
M
0.9
550
> 16
232
F
0.8
824
em/w-misc.
USA
x x x Creek et al. 1958 Amer J Gastroent 29: 169-172
> 16
233
M
0.8
854
em/w-misc.
USA
x
x Creek et al. 1958 Am J Gastroent 29169-172.
> 16
234
M
0.8
2190
x
x Creek et al. 1958 Amer J Gastroent 29169-172.
> 16
235
F
1.8
365
> 16
301
M
1.6
365
No
x Fedotin 1970 JAMA 212: 628x
x Oren & Ilan 1992 Am J Med 93703-704.
USA
x
x x x x x Sulzberger & Lazar 1951. JAMA 146(9): 788-793.
USA
x
x
USA
em/w-misc.
x
x
Denmark
Spain
x Turtz & Turtz. Am J Opthal 165-166
x
x x Raaschou-Nielsen 1961 Dermatologica 123: 293-300
xx
Lorente 1991 Revista Clinica Espanola 18972-73.
Teratogenic cases
Dose Time Physical
Age (years) ID # Sex (mg/kg) (days) form
Vit D Country Reference
>16
>16
>16
>16
>16
1
2
3
58
311
F
F
F
F
F
Excluded cases
Age (years) ID #
>16
3-16
>16
3-16
3-16
0-2
>16
0-2
>16
0-2
0-2
0-2
0-2
312
30
36
89
94
106
137
93
179
198
219
220
221
222
0.7
0.1
0.7
0.1
0.2
22
90
35
90
30
in oil
mixed
Sweden
No USA
No Belgium
England
Yes Italy
Sex Reason for exclusion Country
F
F
F
M
F
F
F
F
M
F
F
F
F
Unknown dose
Unknown dose
Unknown dose
Unknown dose
Unknown dose
Unknown dose
Unknown dose
No symptoms
No symptoms
Group study
Unknown dose
Dose uncertain
Unknown dose
Unknown dose
Italy
USA
Japan
USA
USA
USA
France
USA
USA
Sweden
USA
USA
USA
USA
Stange et al. 1978 Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 57(3): 289-291.
Bernhardt et al. 1974 Obstet Gynecol 43(5): 750-755.
Lennep et al. 1985 Prenatal diagnosis 535-40.
Evans & Hickey-Dwyer 1991 Br J Ophthalmol 75(11): 691-692
Pilotti & Scorta 1965 Minerva Ginecol 17(22): 1103-1108.
References
Pilotti 1975 Minerva Pediatr 27(11): 682-684.
Marcus et al. 1985 Ann Ophthalmol 17(7):397-402
Nagai et al. 1999 Journal of Hepatology 31:142-148
Bennett et al. 1977 JAMA 238(16):1749-50
Bergman et al. 1988 Nephron 50:362-364
Kumar et al. 1992 Orthopaedic review 21(1): 67-70
Jean-Pastor et al. 1986 J Toxicol Clin Exp 6(2):115-121
O'Brien 1995 Trop Geogr Med 47:183-184
Krause 1965 Am. J Clin Nutr 16(6):455-457
Tunell & Persson 1961 Nordisk Medicin 30. November
Pease 1962 JAMA 182(10):980-985
Pease 1962 JAMA 182(10):980-985
Pease 1962 JAMA 182(10):980-985
Pease 1962 JAMA 182(10):980-985
0-2
0-2
0-2
0-2
0-2
223
224
225
230
231
304
305
F
F
M
M
M
M
M
0-2
3-16
>16
>16
0-2
>16
0-2
308
107
210
136
244
191
177
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
Unknown dose
Dose uncertain
Dose uncertain
Dose uncertain
Dose uncertain
Missing sex and age
Missing sex and age
Uncertain dose and
exposure
Extreme dose
Extreme dose
Unknown dose
Uncertain condition
Uncertain condition
Uncertain condition
USA
USA
USA
USA
USA
Italy
Italy
Pease 1962 JAMA 182(10):980-985
Pease 1962 JAMA 182(10):980-985
Pease 1962 JAMA 182(10):980-985
Fried & Grand Am J Dis Child p:475-486
Fried & Grand Am J Dis Child p:475-486
Marinoni & Panizon 1954 Acta Paediatrica Latina 7(3):309-317
Marinoni & Panizon 1954 Acta Paediatrica Latina 7(3):309-317
Italy
India
Germany
France
France
Germany
France
Brusa Instituto Clinica Pediatrica Milano
De Francisco 1995 Tropical Doctor 25:287
Földi et al. 1976 Dtsch Med Wschr 101:205-207
Mounoud et al. 1975 J Genet hum 23(2):135-154
Marie &See 1951 Séance du 20 fevrier
Haupt 1977 Nervenarzt 48:91-95
Marie & See Am J Dis Child p: 731-736
Footnotes: Dose is givens as the daily dose per kg bodyweight (mg retinol/kg). Time is the length of intake in days. The physical
form of the vitamin A supplement given as “in oil”. “solid”, emulsified/water-miscible (“em/w-misc”) or “mixed”.
Symptom group 1 = nervous system and vision
Symptom group 2 = gastrointestinal system
Symptom group 3 = vascular system
Symptom group 4 = musculoskeletal system
Symptom group 5 = skin and hair
Symptom group 6 = urogenital system
Symptom group 7 = deteriorating state of health
Symptom group 8 = serum biomarkers.