Chabot Mathematics §5.6 Int Apps Life&Soc Sci Bruce Mayer, PE Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu Chabot College Mathematics 1 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Final Exam Ref Document Students may HAND WRITE at 3x5 CARD as open Reference for the Final Exam • Final Exam Tu/17Dec13 at 6:30pm in Rm1613 Chabot College Mathematics 2 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Review § 5.5 Any QUESTIONS About • §5.5 → Biz & Econ Integral Apps Any QUESTIONS About HomeWork • §5.5 → HW-26 Chabot College Mathematics 3 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx §5.6 Learning Goals Examine survival and renewal functions Use definite integration to compute • population-totals from Population Density • explore the flow of blood through an artery Derive an integration formula for the volume of a solid of revolution, and use it to estimate the size of a tumor Chabot College Mathematics 4 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Survival & Renewal Consider a Population of Spotted Yellow Squirrels (SYS) confined to a game preserve The SYS are carefully counted every 5 years by Dept of Fish & Game Biologists. The Last “census” ended today with a total, P0, of 7500 SYS The Biologists need a method of Estimating the change in Population before the next Census Chabot College Mathematics 5 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Survival & Renewal After Researching the SYS the biologists have found • That the SYS have a LifeSpan (maximum age, Amax) of about 2200 days (≈ 6 yrs) • The SYS have a “Survival” function: – Where S t 100% e t ≡ time in days τ ≡ The “Time Constant” in % of MaxAge In this case the time constant is 21.715% of MaxAge Chabot College Mathematics 6 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx t Survival and Renewal The Survival fcn for the SYS MTH15 • Spotted Yellow Squirel 100 S t 100% e 21.715% t Amax 90 Survival %, S(A) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Bruce May er, PE 0 Chabot College Mathematics 7 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Age, A (% of Max) 80 90 100 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 8 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx MATLAB Code % Bruce Mayer, PE % MTH-15 • 23Jun13 % XYfcnGraph6x6BlueGreenBkGndTemplate1306.m % clear; clc; clf; % clf clears figure window % % The Limits xmin = 0; xmax = 100; ymin = 0; ymax = 100; % in PerCent of MaxAge % The FUNCTION tau = 21.715 % in PerCent of MaxAge x = linspace(xmin,xmax,500); y = 100*exp(-x/tau); % % The ZERO Lines zxh = [xmin xmax]; zyh = [0 0]; zxv = [0 0]; zyv = [ymin ymax]; % % the 6x6 Plot axes; set(gca,'FontSize',12); whitebg([0.8 1 1]); % Chg Plot BackGround to Blue-Green plot(x,y, 'LineWidth', 4),axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax]),... grid, xlabel('\fontsize{14} Age, A (% of Max)'), ylabel('\fontsize{14}Survival %, S(A)'),... title(['\fontsize{16}MTH15 • Spotted Yellow Squirel',]),... annotation('textbox',[.21 .05 .0 .1], 'FitBoxToText', 'on', 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'String', 'Bruce Mayer, PE • 27Jul113','FontSize',7) hold on plot(zxv,zyv, 'k', zxh,zyh, 'k', 'LineWidth', 2) set(gca,'XTick',[xmin:10:xmax]); set(gca,'YTick',[ymin:10:ymax]) Survival & Renewal After Researching the SYS the biologists find That the SYS have a roughly constant Birth, or Replacement, Rate: Rt 40 SYS day It is now 2 yrs after the Last census, so the “Term” of Projection, T, is 730 days The Biologist can now develop a model for the Population, P(T) at T = 730 days Chabot College Mathematics 9 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Survival & Renewal P(T) model Development • Multiply starting population by S(730) to determine how many N 0 s S T P0 of the original 7500 are alive 2 years later: • To N0S add the births over some short time period, ∆t, that survive until the end of the term – For example, it is much more likely that a SYS born on day 701 will survive as compared with a SYS born on day 49 Chabot College Mathematics 10 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Survival and Renewal P(T) model Development • In this case it is convenient to take ∆t = 1 day. • Thus the number of SYS born on, say, day 440 that make it to day 730 must survive a total of 730−440 = 290 days; a math expression: N AS 440 R440 1 day S 730 440 No. added on day 440 that Survive to 730 Chabot College Mathematics 11 No. Born on day 440 = Rate·∆time % of those born on day 440 that survive to day 730 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Survival and Renewal P(T) model Development • The No. Added by births in variable form N AS 440 R440 1 day S 730 440 N AS t Rt t S T t • Then the Total SYS 2 years later P730 N 0 S 730 N AS 1 N AS 2 N AS 728 N AS 729 – Recall that Chabot College Mathematics 12 N 0 S 730 P 0 S 730 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Survival & Renewal P(T) model Development • Using N AS t Rt t S T t Rt S T t t • Rewrite P(T) as Max PT P0 S T Rt S T t t k 1 • Recognize that sum is in the Riemann form; Thus as ∆t→0, the Sum→Integral Chabot College Mathematics 13 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Survival & Renewal P(T) model Development • So the final Math model if S(t) and R(t) are known: PT P0 S T Rt S T t dt T 0 Now can calc the SYS Population 2 years (730 d) after the last SYS-Count P730 7500 e 730 d 2200 d 100% 21.715% 730 0 40 e • Note: Times expressed as the % of Term-Time of 730days Chabot College Mathematics 14 730 t 22 % 21.715% Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx dt Survival & Renewal Running the Numbers on MuPAD find • P(730) = 9483 Spotted Yellow Squirells • 5 Years Later expect a Population of about 10,032 SYS Chabot College Mathematics 15 MTH15_Spotted_Yellow_Squirel_S-n-R_1307.mn Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Example RainBow Trout S&R About 48% of rainbow trout stocked as fingerlings in the Clinch River die each year, so that the fraction surviving out to t years is e−0.65t The stocking rate of new fish is about 50,000 per year. If there are initially 63,000 fingerlings, how many are projected to remain after five years? Chabot College Mathematics 16 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Example RainBow Trout S&R SOLUTION: 0.65t S t e This is a survival and renewal application, with Rt 50k Then the number of fish present (in k-fish) after five years is given by P5 P0 S 5 Rt S 5 t dt 5 0 number of initial pop'n remaining after 5 years Chabot College Mathematics 17 number of fish added during the five years which remain after 5 years Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Example RainBow Trout S&R Thus: P(5) = 63× e -0.65(5) 5 + ò 50e -0.65(5-t ) dt 0 Now Engage the u 0.65(5 t ) substitution Find æ 1 ö P(5) » 2.442775 + 50 ò e ç du ÷ è 0.65 ø t=0 t=5 u 50 é u ùt=5 = 2.442775 + ëe ût=0 0.65 Chabot College Mathematics 18 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Example RainBow Trout S&R Running the Numbers 50 é -0.65(5-t ) ù5 P(5) » 2.442775+ ëe û0 0.65 50 é -0.65(5-5) -0.65(5-0) ù = 2.442775+ -e ëe û 0.65 76.383 There are a projected 76,383 rainbow trout fingerlings in the river after 5 years Chabot College Mathematics 19 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Population Density Incremental area, dA = [Length]·[Width]→ dA 2r dr Calculate Population density (people divided by area) using Concentric ring Integration People Living in the Ring = [Pop-Density at Location r]·[Area] dp pr dA Chabot College Mathematics 20 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Population Density Incremental area, dA = [Length]·[Width]→ dA 2r dr Then Add-up, or Integrate, all the dp’s to obtain the total no. of people living in the area 2πR P R PR 0 dp pr dA A 0 People Living in the Ring = [Pop-Density at Location r]·[Area dp pr dA Chabot College Mathematics 21 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Population Density Or PR pr dA pr 2rdr A R 0 0 Or in condensed terms PR 2 pr r dr R 0 Chabot College Mathematics 22 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Example Urban Population A town’s population is centralized and drops off dramatically toward the outskirts of the city. Census results suggest 6 a model for the population 2 1 r 2 density in k-People/mi How many people are between two and three miles from the center of the city? Chabot College Mathematics 23 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Example Urban Population SOLUTION: 3 6 The population P = ò 2p r × dr 2 1+ r 2 in the 2-3 mile ring: length of a width of a small band small band of population of population r =12p ò dr 2 2 1+ r 3 Use Substitution u 1 r 2 du du 2r dr dr 2r Chabot College Mathematics 24 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Example Urban Population 3 Making the Substitutions u 1 r 2 du dr 2r r P 12 dr 2 1 r 2 P =12p = 6p r æ1 ö ò u çè 2r du÷ø r=2 r=3 r=3 1 ò u du r=2 STATE: The r=3 é ù population between = 6p ëln u ûr=2 2&3 miles away P = 6p éëln (1+ r )ùû from the center is = 6p éëln (1+ (3)2 ) - ln (1+ (2)2 )ùû approximately 13.0655 13,065 People 2 3 2 Chabot College Mathematics 25 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Volumes of Revolution Rotate y = f(x) about x-axis form solid y f x xj a At position xj the height of the disk r = y = f(xj ) The Area of the disk at xj is the area of a circle, A = πr2 = π[f(xj )]2 b Chabot College Mathematics 26 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Volumes of Revolution Rotate y = f(x) about x-axis form solid y f x xj a Then the increment volume dV is the [DiskArea]·[DiskWidth] = dV = {π[f(xj )] 2} ·{dx} Adding up all the Incremental Disk Volumes V f x dx b b Chabot College Mathematics 27 a Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx 2 Example Solid of Revolution Find the volume of the solid created by rotating about the x-axis 3 over x = [0,1] the Graph of f (x) = x - x 0.3 0.2 y = f(x) 0.1 0 f (x) = x 3 - x -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0 0.1 0.2 Chabot College Mathematics 28 0.3 0.4 0.5 x 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx 1 Example Solid of Revolution The solid after Rotation 0.3 0.2 Z 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.2 0 -0.2 0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Y X Chabot College Mathematics 29 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx 0.9 1 Example Solid of Revolution V f ( x) dx SOLUTION: 0 1 2 3 Using the x x dx 0 volume Formula: 1 1 2 6 4 2 x 2 x x dx • The volume of the 0 solid is 1 é1 7 2 5 1 3ù approximately V = p ê x - x + x ú ë7 5 3 û0 0.239 cubic units 1 7 2 5 1 3 1 7 2 5 1 3 V (1) (1) (1) (0) (0) (0) 5 3 5 3 7 7 8 V 0.239 105 Chabot College Mathematics 30 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx WhiteBoard Work Problems From §5.6 • P24 → Arterial Blood Flow • P36 → Life Expectancy • P40 → Human Respiration MTH15 • Human Respiration Respiration Flow, R (liter/sec) 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bruce May er, PE • 27Jul113 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 Time, t (sec) Chabot College Mathematics 31 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 32 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx MATLAB Code % Bruce Mayer, PE % MTH-15 • 23Jun13 % XYfcnGraph6x6BlueGreenBkGndTemplate1306.m % clear; clc; clf; % clf clears figure window % % The Limits xmin = 0; xmax = 2.25; ymin = 0; ymax = 5; % in PerCent of MaxAge % The FUNCTION tau = 21.715 % in PerCent of MaxAge x = linspace(xmin,xmax,500); y = x.*(-1.2*x.^2 +5.72); Xint = roots([-1.2 0 5.72]) % % The ZERO Lines zxh = [xmin xmax]; zyh = [0 0]; zxv = [0 0]; zyv = [ymin ymax]; % % the 6x6 Plot axes; set(gca,'FontSize',12); whitebg([0.8 1 1]); % Chg Plot BackGround to Blue-Green area(x,y, 'LineWidth', 4, 'FaceColor',[0.6 0.8 1]),axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax]),... grid, xlabel('\fontsize{14} Time, t (sec)'), ylabel('\fontsize{14} Respiration Flow, R (liter/sec)'),... title(['\fontsize{16}MTH15 • Human Respiration',]),... annotation('textbox',[.21 .05 .0 .1], 'FitBoxToText', 'on', 'EdgeColor', 'none', 'String', 'Bruce Mayer, PE • 27Jul113','FontSize',7) hold on plot(zxv,zyv, 'k', zxh,zyh, 'k', 'LineWidth', 2) set(gca,'XTick',[xmin:.25:xmax]); set(gca,'YTick',[ymin:1:ymax]) set(gca,'Layer','top') MTH15 • Human Respiration Respiration Flow, R (liter/sec) 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0.25 Chabot College Mathematics 33 Xint = 2.1833 Bruce May er, PE • 27Jul113 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 Time, t (sec) 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx All Done for Today A Rotated “Logistic” Curve Chabot College Mathematics 34 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot Mathematics Appendix r s r s r s 2 2 Bruce Mayer, PE Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu – Chabot College Mathematics 35 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 36 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 37 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 38 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 39 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 40 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 41 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 42 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 43 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 44 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 45 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 46 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Bruce Mayer, PE MTH15 • 27Jul13 P5.6-36 L := 41.6*(1+1.07*t)^0.13 Lavg := (1/60)*int(L, t=10..70) T80 := subs(L, t = 80) T := 73.4916 Le := (1/T)*int(L, t=0..T) plot(L, t =0..100, GridVisible = TRUE, LineWidth = 0.04*unit::inch) y = Life Expectancy, L * t = Current Age From MATLAB >> Tz = @(T) 41.6*(1+1.07*T).^0.13 - T Tz = @(T)41.6*(1+1.07*T).^0.13-T >> LL = fzero(Tz, 50) LL = 73.4916 Chabot College Mathematics 47 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 48 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 49 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx MTH15 • Human Respiration Respiration Flow, R (liter/sec) 5 Max @ (1.26, 4.807) 4 3 Vtot = Area-Under-Curve 2 1 0 0 0.25 Chabot College Mathematics 50 Xint = 2.1833 Bruce May er, PE • 27Jul113 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 Time, t (sec) 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 51 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 52 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 53 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Bruce Mayer, PE MTH15 • 27Jul13 P5.6-40 R := -1.2*t^3 + 5.72*t t0 := numeric::solve(R,t) tph := max(t0) Vtot := int(R, t=0..tph) Vavg := (1/tph)*int(R, t=0..tph) Rmax := subs(R, t = 1.26) plot(R, t =0..tph, GridVisible = TRUE, LineWidth = 0.04*unit::inch) y = Respiration Rate (liters/se) * t = time (sec) Chabot College Mathematics 54 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx Chabot College Mathematics 55 Bruce Mayer, PE BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • MTH15_Lec-27_sec_5-6_Integral_Apps_Life-n-Soc_Sci.pptx