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Fostering Resilient Communitiesin DisasterProneandClimate-ChangeThreatened
TropicalCoastalAreas:
ViewsfromWestSumatra,Indonesia
Kasey R. Jacobs, MESc 2010
Introduction
“Alam takambang jadi guru.” This was a
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Social Department of the West Sumatran provincial
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their matrilineal social system, adherence to local
adat J\Z[VTZ HUK KLKPJH[PVU [V 0ZSHT 4` ÄLSK
research in the summer of 2009 in three coastal
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[OL J\S[\YL NV]LYUTLU[HS PUZ[P[\[PVUZ HUK [OLPY
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to learn how they have responded to such risks as
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small islands, and coral reefs. The resources are used
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livelihoods, and, to a lesser extent, tourism. Many
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As I learned, efforts to reduce risks extend far beyond
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what researchers and practitioners should consider
“climate adaptation”.
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Sumatra killed over 1,100 people and displaced
thousands more. This event revealed that communities
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a somewhat counterintuitive concept. I collected data
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(CCA), and disaster risk reduction (DRR). Adaptation
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at the scales of national and sub-national policy and
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from this sub-national study have implications for
practitioners and researchers that should be kept in
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‹ Local, traditional ways and cultural institutions
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‹ Points of entry into these communities may
not be the environmental departments despite
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could be considered “adaptation”.
Kasey R. Jacobs hails from Long Island, NY. She
served as Program Coordinator for Citizens Campaign for the Environment before coming to Yale.
Kasey is also a presenter for The Climate Project and :[\K`:P[LHUK4L[OVKVSVN`
Vice-Chair of the CT Chapter of the Surfrider Foundation. After graduation Kasey relocated to Puerto 7HKHUNPZ[OLJHWP[HSJP[`VM>LZ[:\TH[YHHUK
Rico as a 2010 NOAA Coastal Management Fellow. ^P[OHSTVZ[VULTPSSPVUPUOHIP[HU[ZPZ[OL[OPYKSHYNLZ[
Tropical Resources Bulletin 93
Kasey Jacobs
Figure 1. The Island
of Sumatra. Three
research sites are
shown by the dots
and the line indicates
the end of the EEZ
zone for Indonesia.
Courtesy of the
Australian Center
for International
Agricultural Research.
city in Indonesia. It is positioned directly on the coast
and partially positioned beneath sea level, and thus, is
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conditions combined with the fact that the province
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Mentawai Islands, make West Sumatra an ideal study
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summer research with an internship at Mercy Corps
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adaptasi perubahan iklimJSPTH[LJOHUNLHKHW[H[PVU
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were the Health Department and to a lesser extent
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Conference in Manado, Indonesia just one month
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time they had encountered adaptation. In response
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levels were able to provide me with examples of ways
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:\TH[YHHUKZ[Y\J[\YLKPU[LY]PL^Z^LYLJVUK\J[LK ZLHSL]LSYPZLJVYHSYLLMISLHJOPUNHUKKLNYHKH[PVU
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Government-led Strategies
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Field Interviews
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94 Volume 29, 2010
;OPZUL^PU[LY]PL^Z[YH[LN`\UJV]LYLKZ\YWYPZLZ
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Fostering Resilient Communities in Disaster-Prone and Climate-Change Threatened Tropical Coastal Areas
Figure 2. Government
structure of West
Sumatra and photo
of Wali Nagari office
for Ulakan (Leader of
Village).
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they cannot. Is it only adaptation if an explicitly
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Another surprise in my research was the clear
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yet but in West Sumatra many of the departments
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comparative study would be needed to determine if
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all my interviews I only asked about climate impacts
like the ones listed above with the anticipation I would
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my internship, yet in most cases the informant would
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my status as an intern with Mercy Corps Indonesia
but in most cases, the reasons can be attributed to the
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Traditional Strategies
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schools for secondary students. These institutions
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takambag jadi guru, which is also linked to Islamic
values. Two interviews stand out for how traditional
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use the stars to anticipate when a tropical storm or
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Tropical Resources Bulletin 95
Kasey Jacobs
(S[LYUH[P]LSP]LSPOVVKZHYLHZ[YH[LN`[`WL[OH[
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are low. They call it tani layan when a person does both
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Mentawai Islands is less, and in the “East Season”
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of the coast of West Sumatra and remained there for
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sardine but different in terms of the scales”. When I
asked the hamlet leader if other climate conditions
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Table 1. Strategies identified in government institutions and traditional institutions
for coastal governance, climate change adaptation, and disaster management.
Agency/Institution
:[YH[LN`7VSPJ`
Coastal Ecosystem
Management
Climate Change
Adaptation
Disaster Management
-PZOLYPLZHUK4HYP[PTL(Mfairs Department
*69,4HWJVYHSYLLM
restoration and protec[PVUWYVNYHT
©
©
©
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Alternative Livelihoods
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©
©
©
-PZOLYPLZ0UMYHZ[Y\J[\YL
and Public Works Departments
Home Construction
LHY[OX\HRLYLZPZ[HU[
homes on stilts rumah
panggung)
©
©
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7YV[LJ[PVU(NLUJ`
©
©
©
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Climate Variability
0UMVYTH[PVU-VYLJHZ[PUN
©
©
©
-PZOLYPLZ
Turtle Conservation on
offshore islands
©
©
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/HaHYKZ
©
©
©
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abrasion and tsunami
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Source Department
©
©
©
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Cemara Laut (Pine
+LWHY[TLU[-VYLZ[Y`:VJPHS ZWLJPLZ7SHU[PUNVU
Department
the Beach
©
©
©
96 Volume 29, 2010
Fostering Resilient Communities in Disaster-Prone and Climate-Change Threatened Tropical Coastal Areas
(Table 1. continued)
Agency/Institution
:[YH[LN`7VSPJ`
Coastal Ecosystem
Management
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impacts to reefs from
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Social Department
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and primary needs, Boats, nets)
©
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to prevent landslides and soil erosion (makes way via rivers to the
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Climate Change
Adaptation
Disaster
Management
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science and combined with policy interventions and
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Conclusions
This research revealed that West Sumatra is
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Tropical Resources Bulletin 97
Kasey Jacobs
Photo 1. Bungus Bay in West Sumatra. Fishermen pulling in nets at sunset for ikan tri.
Photo by Kasey Jacobs.
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practices.
Acknowledgements
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to thank my advisor, Dr. Benjamin Cashore, for his exciteTLU[ J\YPVZP[` HUK NYLH[ HK]PJL VU T` YLZLHYJO KLZPNU
Data collection and informant contact would not have been
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Dove, and Heidi Jump.
98 Volume 29, 2010
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2009. “Last-Mile” preparation for a potential
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