OBJECTIVES
1. State the advantages that come from establishing industrial cabling
standards.
2. Identify the standards that specifically apply to cable installation.
3. Describe the basic operation of the telephone system in the United States.
4. Identify the wire types used in telephone systems.
5. Describe the accepted color coding strategies that are commonly used in
telephone installations.
6. Identify typical physical topologies, and state the advantages and
disadvantages for each.
7. List the accepted logical topologies.
8. State the general instructions for running copper cabling.
9. Given a specific application, identify the grade of cabling that would be
appropriate.
10. Identify Type-66 and Type-110 insulation displacement connectors.
11. Identify the various types of modular jacks that are commonly used with
telecommunications systems.
Figure 2-1: Basic Telco Organization
Figure 2-2: Analog Waveform
Figure 2-3: Digital Waveform
Table 2-1: Decimal Column Values
Table 2-2: Binary Column Values
Table 2-3: Digital to Binary Conversion Table
Table 2-3: Digital to Binary Conversion Table (continued)
Table 2-3: Digital to Binary Conversion Table (continued)
Figure 2-4: Square Wave Noise
Figure 2-5: Frequency Components of a 1kHz
Square Wave
Figure 2-6: Harmonic Distortion with Inadequate
Bandwidth
Figure 2-7: Flat 4-Conductor Telephone Cable
Figure 2-8: 24AWG UTP Telephone Cable
Figure 2-9: Noise Distortion of a Data Signal
The solid-color twisted pair marking system
method uses one color to identify each of six
wires.
Pair #1: Green/Red (tip/ring).
Pair #2: Black/Yellow (tip/ring).
Pair #3: White/Blue (tip/ring).
The standard color-coding method uses bandstriped twisted pair markings:
Pair #1: White/Blue. The tip wire is
predominantly white with blue bands. The ring
wire is predominantly blue with white bands.
Pair #2: White/Orange. The tip wire is
primarily white with orange bands. The ring
wire is primarily orange with white bands.
Pair #3: White/Green. The tip wire is mostly
white with green bands. The ring wire is
mostly green with white bands.
The standard color-coding method uses bandstriped twisted pair markings: (continued)
Pair #4: White/Brown. The tip wire is
predominantly white with brown bands.
The ring wire is predominantly brown with
white bands.
Figure 2-10: Color Coded Wire
Table 2-4: Color Coding for 25-Pair Cables
Figure 2-11: UTP Connectors for Telephone and
Data Wiring
Figure 2-12: Coaxial Cable
Figure 2-13: Thicknet Connection
Figure 2-14: Attachment Unit Interface
Figure 2-15: Intrusive Tap
Figure 2-16: Vampire Tap
Figure 2-17: Thinnet Arrangement
LAB 1 OBJECTIVES
Cable Identification
To identify the cable types provided
with this course
To identify the parts that make
up the Thicknet active tap kit
CAT5 UTP
CAT5 STP
Type-1A STP
RG58 Coax
RG6 Coax
RG8 Coax
Figure 2-18: Cable Types
Thicknet Active Tap Kit
Figure 2-18: Thicknet Tap (continued)
TIP
The cable’s jacket should indicate that
it is a Category 5 cable, and it may be
either light gray, or white, in color.
TIP
The cable’s jacket should indicate that
it is a shielded Category 5 cable, and it
may be blue in color.
TIP
The cable’s jacket should indicate that
it is a shielded cable, specified for
IBM, and it will probably be black in
color. The cable itself may appear
somewhat flattened.
TIP
This cable’s jacket should indicate that
it is designed for cable television
transmission (CATV designation), and
will probably display its 75-ohm
impedance as well. It is normally black
in color.
TIP
RG58 is probably the smallest diameter
cable in the sample set. Its jacket should
be black, and will be marked with the
RG58 designation.
TIP
RG8 is probably the largest diameter
cable in the sample set. Its jacket
should be yellow or orange, and may
be marked with the Ethernet
designation. It will also indicate an
impedance of 50 ohms.
TIP
The AMP Thicknet tap kit is basically
composed of the clamp assembly,
pressure block, button-head socket screw
(tightened with the included hex wrench),
braid terminators (2), tap body, and a
probe assembly. An application tool is
used to drill through the cable to the
center conductor and to thread the probe
assembly.
LAB 1 QUESTIONS
1 Which one of the cable types included
in this lab procedure is used for cable
television transmission?
LAB 1 QUESTIONS
2 Concerning the installation of the Thicknet
active tap, what is the purpose for the hex
wrench included in the kit?
LAB 1 QUESTIONS
3 According to the instruction sheet for the
installation of the Thicknet active tap,
what are the two purposes for which the
application tool is used?
LAB 1 QUESTIONS
4 What is the diameter of the RG8 coaxial
cable around which the Thicknet active
tap must clamp?
LAB 1 QUESTIONS
5 What was the impedance of the following cable
types that you examined during this lab?
(a) CAT5 UTP cable
(b) CAT5 STP cable
(c) Type-1A STP cable
(d) RG6 coaxial cable
(e) RG58 coaxial cable
(f) RG8 coaxial cable
LAB 1 QUESTIONS
6 What would you expect the color of the
outer jacket for RG8 coaxial cable to be?
LAB 1 QUESTIONS
7 Which of the cable types from the
samples you examined possessed the
smallest diameter?
Some advantages of the star topology include:
1 If one wire run is damaged, it will not affect
the other devices in that system.
2 It is easy to locate a problem in the system.
3 Additions and changes can be made very
easily, without interfering with the rest of
the system.
Figure 2-19: Star Topology
The advantages of a bus topology are:
1 The bus topology is passive (it does not
actively move the data signal). Therefore, if
one device fails, it does not affect the others.
2 The system does not have to be shut down
in order to add other devices.
Figure 2-20: Bus Topology
The disadvantages of a bus topology are:
1 If a cut should occur in the wire, the entire
network will be brought down. The
connected devices will work in stand-alone
mode, but will not be able to communicate
with each other.
2 Only one device can transmit at any one
time. The more devices on a cable run, the
slower the network.
Disadvantages of the ring topology are:
1 If any additions are to be made to the
system, the system must be shut down.
2 If a break occurs in the cable, the entire
system shuts down.
Figure 2-21: Combination of Star and Bus Topology
The following general tips for running network
cable will help you become acquainted with
basic data cabling concepts:
Never put a splice behind a wall or in an area
where it cannot be accessed.
Always test the cable runs after the installation
is complete.
If possible, avoid placing splices on cable runs
altogether. If there is a real problem, pull a new
cable.
The following general tips for running network
cable will help you to become acquainted with
basic data cabling concepts: (continued)
Do not pull 4-pair cable with more than 25
pounds of pulling force.
Do not run data cables in parallel with any
type of electrical cables.
The following general tips for running network
cable will help you to become acquainted with
basic data cabling concepts: (continued)
Maintain the following separation between telecommunications wiring and other types of wiring:
Electrical bare light, or power of any voltage
Electrical open wiring under 300 volts
Electrical wires in conduit, or in armored or nonmetallic
sheath cable/power ground wires
Radio and television antenna lead and ground wires
Open signal/control wiring under 300 volts
Community television systems coaxial cables, with
grounded shield
Telephone service drop wire, aerial or buried
Neon signs, and associated wiring from transformer
Fluorescent lighting
Lightning wire
5 feet
2 inches
none
2 inches
none
none
2 inches
6 inches
5 inches
6 feet
The following general tips for running network
cable will help you to become acquainted with
basic data cabling concepts: (continued)
Minimum separations between residential and
light commercial telecommunications wiring are
specified in TIA/EIA 570. When in doubt, use the
rule of sixes:
Six feet of separation between telephone wiring
and open high-voltage wiring, lightning
grounding wire, or grounding rods
Six inches of separation from all other highvoltage wire, unless in conduit
The following general tips for running network
cable will help you to become acquainted with
basic data cabling concepts: (continued)
Never bend the cable sharply, or cut the sheath
intended to protect the conductors.
Always maintain correct polarity.
Always maintain the line number with respect
to the pair number.
Always use plastic, nonmetallic staples.
Always leave a pull cord in the conduit for
future cable pulls.
The following general tips for running network
cable will help you to become acquainted with
basic data cabling concepts: (continued)
Never run voltage and telecommunication
cables in the same conduit.
If possible, avoid running telecommunication
cables under carpeting to avoid damage, or
slow degradation, to the cable.
Try to run cabling through the inner walls
rather than the outer walls if possible.
The following general tips for running network
cable will help you to become acquainted with
basic data cabling concepts: (continued)
Do not run Telco wiring parallel to electrical
wiring. Instead, always cross electrical wiring at
90-degree angles. Also, never share bore holes
with any electrical wiring.
Avoid running wire near known sources of heat.
Always conceal wire runs. Do not leave wire runs
exposed.
Always leave a one- to three-foot service loop of
wire slack at outlets, or termination points, for
later additions, changes, or repairs.
The following are general tips for the installation
of telecommunication outlets:
Never share bore holes with any type of
electrical wiring.
All data cabling outlets should be set up to
handle either two 100-ohm UTP cables, or one
100-ohm UTP cable and one cable of the
following:
2-pair, 150-ohm STP
2-strand, 62.5/125-micron optical fiber
The following are general tips for the installation
of telecommunication outlets: (continued)
Place Telco outlets at the same wall height as
electrical outlets, but no closer than 12 inches,
keeping in mind that they should not share the
same stud space.
Always consider the current layout of the
furniture, and how it could be rearranged when
you are installing telecommunication outlets.
LAB 2 OBJECTIVE
Cable Examinations
To examine the construction and
makeup of the various cable types
provided with this course
TIP
Try not to damage any of the inside
wires as you make the slit.
Figure 2-22: Examining the Contents of CAT5 UTP
TIP
Recall your reading about twistedpair cable, and the purpose for the
twisting.
TIP
You will want to use the 24-gauge
marking position on the wire
stripper.
TIP
Try to depict the twist, as well as the
color markings, for each of the pairs.
Identify the tip and ring, and don’t
worry if your drawing doesn’t win any
art awards.
TIP
Try not to damage any of the
inside wires as you make the slit.
Figure 2-23: Examining the Contents of CAT5 STP
Figure 2-24: Examining the Contents of Type-1A STP
TIP
See if you can do this without putting
any nicks in the center conductor. The
wire stripper will help to remove the
insulation once the cut has been made.
Figure 2-25: Examining the Contents of RG6
TIP
Although the center conductor for
RG6 is obviously solid, some types of
coaxial cable use stranded conductor.
These coaxial types are generally more
flexible than those with solid center
conductors.
Figure 2-26: Examining the Contents of RG58
Figure 2-27: Examining the Contents of RG8
LAB 2 QUESTIONS
1 What is the significance of any differences
in the number of twists per inch between
the pairs in UTP/STP cable?
LAB 2 QUESTIONS
2 In 4-pair UTP/STP which wire, tip
or ring, is mostly white?
LAB 2 QUESTIONS
3 When comparing RG6, RG58, and RG8,
which type of coaxial cable contains the
most shielding?
Figure 1-28: Binding Post Termination
The general tips on binding post connections are
as follows:
Never nick the conductors when removing the
sheath.
Conductors always wind clockwise, between
the two washers.
Ensure that the insulation does not get caught
under the screw terminals.
Always trim off the excess bare wire to avoid
shorting out the connection.
The general tips on binding post connections are
as follows: (continued)
Always leave additional slack wire in case
future repairs are required.
Do not overtighten the screw terminals, or
the wire could break off. In addition, the
threads will strip out.
Figure 2-29: Impact or Punch-down Tool
Figure 2-30:
Standard and
CAT5 Pair
Spacing
Figure 2-31: Impact or Punch-down Tool with Blades
Figure 2-32: Electricians’ Scissors
Figure 2-33: Diagonal Cutting Pliers
Figure 2-34: Slotted-head Screwdriver
Figure 2-35: Phillips-head Screwdriver
Figure 2-36: Wire Stripper
Figure 2-37: RG8 Wire Stripper
Figure 2-38: Tone Generator and Signal Probe
Figure 2-39: MODAPT® Test Adapter
Figure 2-40: Modular Crimpers
LAB 3 OBJECTIVE
Tool Identification
To properly identify common tools
used for CAT5 and coaxial cable
installations
Cable Stripper, RG58/RG6
Cable Stripper, RG8/CAT5
Wire Stripper, CAT5
Punch-down Tool, Steel
Figure 2-41: Common Tools for Cable Installations
Punch-down Tool, Plastic
Punch-down Blades, 110/66
Electrical Tape
Twine
Figure 2-41: Common Tools for Cable Installations
(continued)
Electricians’ Scissors
Pliers, Diagonal Cutting
Utility Knife
Screwdriver, Slotted-Head
Figure 2-41: Common Tools for Cable Installations
(continued)
Screwdriver, Phillips-Head
Insertion/Extraction Tool
Pliers, Needle-nose
Pliers, Groove-joint
Wrench, Adjustable
Dental Pick
Figure 2-41: Common Tools for Cable Installations
(continued)
Crimping Tool, RJ45
Crimping Tool, RG58/RG6
Crimping Tool, Pin
Nippers, End-Cutting
Figure 2-41: Common Tools for Cable Installations
(continued)
Fish Tape, Steel
Thicknet Application Tool
Hex Wrench
Pencils, Colored (set)
Figure 2-41: Common Tools for Cable Installations
(continued)
Label Markers
Tension Scale/Tape Measure
Cable Tester, Continuity-type
Multimeter, Digital
Figure 2-41: Common Tools for Cable Installations
(continued)
Level II Testers
Figure 2-41: Common Tools for Cable Installations
(continued)
LAB 3 QUESTIONS
1 How many different types of cable or
wire strippers are included in the tool
list?
LAB 3 QUESTIONS
2 What are the two types of punch-down
blades provided with this course?
LAB 3 QUESTIONS
3 Identify a tool reviewed in the text
that is not supplied for this course.
LAB 3 QUESTIONS
4 How many different types of crimpers
are included in the tool list?
Some FCC USOC test requirements address
the mating of:
6-position plugs with 6-position jacks
4-position plugs with 6-position jacks
8-position plugs with 8-position jacks
6-position plugs with 8-position jacks
Figure 2-42: RJ11 Jack (a) and Plug (b)
Figure 2-43: USOC RJ11
Figure 2-44: USOC RJ14
Figure 2-45: Telco 8P8C
Figure 2-46: RJ45 Jack (a) and Plug (b)
Figure 2-47: TIA/EIA T568A Plug
The tip and ring assignments for
TIA/EIA T568A are:
Pin 1 = T3
Pin 2 = R3
Pin 3 = T2
Pin 4 = R1
Pin 5 = T1
Pin 6 = R2
Pin 7 = T4
Pin 8 = R4
Figure 2-48: TIA/EIA T568B Plug
The tip and ring assignments for
TIA/EIA T568B are:
Pin 1 = T2
Pin 2 = R2
Pin 3 = T3
Pin 4 = R1
Pin 5 = T1
Pin 6 = R3
Pin 7 = T4
Pin 8 = R4
Figure 2-49: Telco Outlet
Telecommunications outlets should meet the
following criteria:
At least two station cable pairs must be connected
at every installed outlet.
The minimum number usable termination points
at the wiring closet is 3 per user.
Outlets may be recessed, flush-mounted, or
surface-mounted.
When installed on building exteriors, outlets must
be weather resistant.
For quality installations, keep the following
suggestions in mind:
Always use the minimum number of connections
possible. Each additional connection to the
system will degrade its overall performance.
During installations, always install additional
modular jacks, as well as service loops, to
prepare the system for future upgrades, changes,
moves, and repairs.
For quality installations, keep the following
suggestions in mind: (continued)
All installations must be performed in a neat and
orderly fashion. Documentation should include
information as to where all outlets and cable runs
are located, and should use a clearly
understandable method of labeling the cable runs.
Always install cables that are rated at the highest
data speeds currently available, and never connect
cables to any equipment or connector that is rated
lower than that specified for the category of wire
being used by the system.
For quality installations, keep the following
suggestions in mind: (continued)
Once all of the telecommunications components
have been installed, the entire system (cabling
runs and associated equipment) must be tested
for proper performance.
LAB 4 OBJECTIVE
Terminating CAT5 with RJ45/T568A Jacks
To properly terminate CAT5 UTP
cable onto CAT5-compliant RJ45
termination jacks using the T568A
configuration
Figure 2-50: Untwisting the Cable Pairs
TIP
Keep the individual pairs grouped
together for ease of identification,
because some tip wires may not have
any visible trace of color and may
appear to be solid white.
TIP
Look on the jack cap first for a manufacturer’s
color code. If you find one, use it, because some
jacks are manufactured with internal cross
connections. For stop-end jacks, make sure that
the conductors are inserted so that the cable
jacket resides inside of the jack cap, with the tips
of the wires inserted to the very end of the cap.
zzzzzzzzzzzzz
Figure 2-51: Inserting Wires in a Straight-through
Jack Cap
TIP
For stop-end jacks, insert the jack cap/
housing combination into the crimping
tool, apply pressure to the cable to make
sure that the conductors remain inserted
to the very ends of the jack, and apply
firm, even pressure to the crimping tool
to attach the jack.
TIP
Snap jacks can be pried apart, using a
slotted-head screwdriver, and reused for
practice. Stop-end jacks must be clipped off,
thrown away, and replaced in order to
practice on the same piece of cable. If you
must clip the cable ends to remove stop-end
jacks for practice purposes, under no
circumstances allow the cable to become
shorter than four feet (48 inches) long. This
cable will be used for later labs. If necessary,
practice using pieces of scrap cable.
TIP
The tension scale/tape measure is exactly
one meter long. Measure the cable to the
3-foot marker, place the start of the
measure at that point, and measure at
least 12 more inches beyond it. If the total
length of the cable is less than four feet,
you will have to discard it (or add it to the
practice cable scrap pile) and try again
using a new piece of cable. You may reuse
the jacks if they are the snap type.
LAB 4 QUESTIONS
1 What is the purpose of twisting the
cable pairs in CAT5 cable?
LAB 4 QUESTIONS
2 List the pin/pair configuration for
the TIA/EIA T568A standard.
LAB 4 QUESTIONS
3 What is the minimum length required
for the completed T568A terminated
CAT5 cable in this lab?
LAB 5 OBJECTIVE
Terminating CAT5 with RJ45/T568B Jacks
To properly terminate CAT5 UTP
cable onto CAT5-compliant RJ45
termination jacks using the T568B
configuration
TIP
Keep the individual pairs grouped
together for ease of identification,
because some tip wires may not
have any visible trace of color and
may appear to be solid white.
TIP
Look on the jack cap first for a
manufacturer’s color code. If you find
one, use it, because some jacks are
manufactured with internal cross
connections. For stop-end jacks, insert
the conductors so that the cable jacket
resides inside of the jack cap, and the
tips of the wires reach to the very end
of the cap.
Figure 2-52: Trimming Excess Cable
Figure 2-53: Crimping the Jack Housing
TIP
For stop-end jacks, insert the jack
cap/housing combination into the
crimping tool, apply pressure to the
cable to keep the conductors inserted
to the very ends of the jack, and apply
firm, even pressure to the crimping
tool to attach the jack.
Figure 2-54: Using the Crimping Tool
TIP
Snap jacks can be pried apart, using a
slotted-head screwdriver, and reused for
practice. Stop-end jacks must be clipped off,
and thrown away, and replaced in order to
practice on the same piece of cable. If you
must clip the cable ends to remove stop-end
jacks for practice purposes, under no
circumstances allow the cable to become
shorter than four feet (48 inches) long. This
cable will be used for later labs. If necessary,
practice using pieces of scrap cable.
TIP
The tension scale/tape measure is exactly
one meter long. Measure the cable to the
3-foot marker, place the start of the
measure at that point, and measure at
least 12 more inches beyond it. If the total
length of the cable is less than four feet,
you will have to discard it (or add it to the
practice cable scrap pile) and try again
using a new piece of cable. You may reuse
the jacks if they are the snap type.
LAB 5 QUESTIONS
1 List the advantages/disadvantages
of straight-through versus stop-end
termination jacks.
LAB 5 QUESTIONS
2 List the pin/pair configuration for
the TIA/EIA T568B standard.
LAB 6 OBJECTIVE
Terminating CAT5 with RJ45/T568A Plugs
To properly terminate CAT5 UTP
cable with two RJ45 modular plugs,
using the T568A configuration
TIP
Keep the individual pairs grouped
together for ease of identification,
because some tip wires may not
have any visible trace of color and
may appear to be solid white.
Figure 2-55: Trimming the CAT5 Conductors
Figure 2-56: Inserting the CAT5 Conductors
Figure 2-57: Trimming the CAT5 Conductors
Figure 2-58: Resting the Cable Sheath
Figure 2-59: Testing CAT5 Plug and Jack Cables
for T568A
TIP
In order to practice on the same piece of
cable, a crimped RJ45 modular plug or jack
must be clipped off, thrown away, and
replaced. If you must clip the cable ends to
remove RJ45 plugs or jacks for practice
purposes, under no circumstances allow the
cable to become shorter than four feet (48
inches) long. This cable will be used for later
labs. If necessary, practice making
terminations using pieces of scrap cable.
TIP
The tension scale/tape measure is exactly one
meter long. Measure the cable to the 3-foot
marker, place the start of the measure at that
point, and measure at least 12 more inches
beyond it. If the total length of any cable is
less than four feet, you will have to discard it
(or add it to the practice cable scrap pile) and
try again using a new piece of cable. You must
discard the used RJ45 modular jacks or plugs,
if they have been crimped.
LAB 6 QUESTIONS
1 When arranging the cable colors for
the TIA/EIA T568A configuration,
what happens to pairs 1, 3, and 4?
LAB 6 QUESTIONS
2 When inserting CAT5 conductors
into a RJ45 plug, is the tab facing
up or down?
LAB 6 QUESTIONS
3 What differences exist in the cable
color arrangements between a T568A
plug configuration and a T568A jack
configuration?
LAB 6 QUESTIONS
4 What use can be made of a CAT5 cable
terminated with a T568A plug at one
end and a T568A jack at the other?
LAB 7 OBJECTIVE
Terminating CAT5 with RJ45/T568B Plugs
To properly terminate CAT5 UTP
cable with two RJ45 modular plugs,
using the T568B configuration
TIP
Keep the individual pairs grouped
together for identification. Some tip
wires may not have any visible trace
of color, and may appear to be solid
white.
Figure 2-60: Grouping Individual Pairs
Figure 2-61: Resting the Cable Sheath
Figure 2-62: Testing CAT5 Plug and Jack Cables
for T568B
TIP
In order to practice on the same piece of
cable, a crimped RJ45 modular plug or
jack must be clipped off, thrown away, and
replaced. If you must clip the cable ends to
remove RJ45 plugs or jacks for practice
purposes, under no circumstances allow the
cable to become shorter than four feet (48
inches) long. This cable will be used for
later labs. If necessary, practice making
terminations using pieces of scrap cable.
TIP
The tension scale/tape measure is exactly one
meter long. Measure the cable to the 3-foot
marker, place the start of the measure at that
point, and measure at least 12 more inches
beyond it. If the total length of any cable is
less than four feet, you will have to discard it
(or add it to the practice cable scrap pile)
and try again using a new piece of cable. You
must discard the used RJ45 modular jacks or
plugs, if they have been crimped.
LAB 7 QUESTIONS
1 When arranging the cable colors for
the TIA/EIA T568B configuration,
are there any instances of white wires
without any visible alternate color?
LAB 7 QUESTIONS
2 Why is it necessary to apply pressure
to the cable before attaching the RJ45
modular plug with the crimping tool?
LAB 7 QUESTIONS
3 How can you visually identify which
RJ45 wiring scheme (TIA/EIA T568A
or T568B) a given cable is using?
LAB 7 QUESTIONS
4 What is the biggest difference between
snap-type and crimp-type RJ45 jack or
plug connectors?
LAB 7 QUESTIONS
5 Which cable would be less likely to have
a problem, a single CAT5 cable that is
long enough to reach from a computer to
a wall jack, or a composite cable made
up of several shorter sections connected
through CAT5 plugs or jacks?
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1 State two benefits of standardization.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
2 What is the analog voice bandwidth
of a telephone line?
REVIEW QUESTIONS
3 Describe two methods of implementing
color coding.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
4 What is the maximum pulling force
recommended for pulling a 4-wire
cable through a conduit?
REVIEW QUESTIONS
5 How far should a telecommunication
cable be located away from a
fluorescent light
REVIEW QUESTIONS
6 What type of topology is employed
for residential telecommunication
wiring?
REVIEW QUESTIONS
7 Should cabling be run under carpeting?
Explain.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
8 How are type-66 IDC blocks for CAT4
and CAT5 different?
REVIEW QUESTIONS
9 When using a binding post connection,
in which direction should the wire be
oriented?
REVIEW QUESTIONS
10 What action should be taken after all
of the communication components
have been installed?