VLAAMSE OVERHEID
DEPARTEMENT MOBILITEIT EN OPENBARE WERKEN
WATERBOUWKUNDIG LABORATORIUM
Langdurige metingen Deurganckdok: Opvolging en
analyse aanslibbing
Bestek 16EB/05/04
Survey vessel Veremans (left) & Deurganckdok (right)
Deelrapport 2.3 13u meting springtij – ingang Deurganck –
22/03/2006 - Veremans
Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview springtide
22/03/2006 Veremans
30 January 2007
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
i.s.m.
International Marine and Dredging Consultants (IMDC)
Wilrijkstraat 37-45 Bus 4 - 2140 Antwerpen – België
tel: +32.3.270.92.95 - fax: +32.3.235.67.11
E-mail : info@imdc.be
en
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
en Gems
Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
Document Control Sheet
Document Identification
Title:
Deelrapport 2.3: 13u meting springtij- ingang Deurganckdok – 22/03/2006
- Veremans
Project:
Langdurige metingen Deurganckdok: Opvolging en analyse aanslibbing
Client
Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium
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I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
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K:\PROJECTS\11\11283
Opvolging
aanslibbing
Rap\RA06110_BDC_22maa\RA06_11283-06110_BDCv20.doc
dgd\10-
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Joris Vanlede
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Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium
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Version Date
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BDC
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MSA
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MSA
1.0
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1.
THE ASSIGNMENT ........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY .............................................................................................................................. 1
1.3.
OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.1.
Reports.......................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.2.
Measurement actions .................................................................................................... 4
1.4.
STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT ........................................................................................................................ 4
2.
THE MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN........................................................................................................ 5
2.1.
OVERVIEW OF THE STUDIED PARAMETERS .................................................................................................. 5
2.2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN ON MARCH 22ND .............................................................. 8
2.3.
THE EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................................................................ 10
2.3.1.
ADCP.......................................................................................................................... 10
2.3.2.
OBS - CTD.................................................................................................................. 10
2.3.3.
Pump Sampler............................................................................................................. 10
3.
COURSE OF THE MEASUREMENTS................................................................................................... 11
3.1.
MEASUREMENT PERIODS ........................................................................................................................... 11
3.2.
HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS DURING THE MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN .................................... 11
3.2.1.
Vertical tide during the measurements ....................................................................... 11
3.2.2.
Meteorological data.................................................................................................... 12
3.3.
NAVIGATION INFORMATION ...................................................................................................................... 12
3.4.
REMARKS ON DATA ................................................................................................................................... 13
4.
PROCESSING OF DATASETS ................................................................................................................ 14
4.1.
CALIBRATION OF THE TURBIDITY SENSORS ............................................................................................... 14
4.2.
METHODOLOGY OF PROCESSING OF THE ADCP DATA WITH SEDIVIEW ..................................................... 14
4.2.1.
Acoustic backscatter theory ........................................................................................ 14
4.2.2.
Water sampling and transect sailing .......................................................................... 15
4.2.3.
Calibration for suspended sediment concentration within Sediview .......................... 15
4.2.4.
Sediview configuration ............................................................................................... 15
4.2.5.
Output ......................................................................................................................... 18
5.
5.1.
5.2.
6.
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE DATA ........................................................................................ 20
MARCH 22ND 2006 SURVEY ....................................................................................................................... 20
INTERCOMPARISON WITH EARLIER SURVEY ON NOVEMBER 17TH 2005 ...................................................... 20
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................ 23
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Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A.
OVERVIEW OF MEASUREMENTS ..................................................................A-1
A.1
OVERVIEW OF THE MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS FOR THE WHOLE HCBS2
MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN......................................................................................................................A-2
A.2
OVERVIEW OF ALL MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS HCBS MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN
21/3-23/3..............................................................................................................................................................A-6
A.3
MEASUREMENT OVERVIEW DEURGANCKDOK 22/03/2006..................................................A-7
APPENDIX B.
TIDAL DATA ......................................................................................................... B-1
APPENDIX C.
NAVIGATION INFORMATION AS RECORDED ON SITE...........................C-1
APPENDIX D.
CALIBRATION AND CROSS-CALIBRATION GRAPHS FOR OBS DATA D-1
APPENDIX E.
UNESCO PPS-78 FORMULA FOR CALCULATING SALINITY .................. E-1
APPENDIX F.
CONTOURPLOTS OF FLOW VELOCITIES, SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION
AND SEDIMENT FLUX PER SAILED TRANSECT ................................................................................... F-1
APPENDIX G.
DISCHARGE AND SEDIMENT FLUX FOR THE TOTAL CROSS-SECTIONG-1
APPENDIX H.
TEMPORAL VARIATION OF TOTAL FLUX AND TOTAL DISCHARGE H-1
APPENDIX I.
HCBS2 REPORTS WINTER CAMPAIGN.......................................................... I-4
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1-1: OVERVIEW OF DEURGANCKDOK REPORTS ............................................................................................ 3
TABLE 2-1TRANSECT OF THE FLOW MEASUREMENTS (UTM31 ED50) ................................................................... 9
TABLE 2-2: POSITIONS OF THE CALIBRATION POINTS FOR MARCH 22ND 2006 AT DEURGANCKDOK.......................... 9
TABLE 2-3: MAIN CONFIGURATION SETTINGS OF ADCP 600KHZ WORKHORSE ................................................... 10
TABLE 3-1: HIGH AND LOW TIDE AT HANDSWEERT, LIEFKENSHOEK AND SCHELLE ON 22/03/2006 ...................... 11
TABLE 3-2: COMPARISION OF THE TIDAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 22/03/2006 WITH THE AVERAGE TIDE, THE AVERAGE
NEAP TIDE AND THE AVERAGE SPRING TIDE OVER THE DECADE 1991-2000 FOR LIEFKENSHOEK (LIE) AND
SCHELLE (SCH) 12
TABLE 4-1: EXTRAPOLATION METHODS FOR TOP AND BOTTOM VARIABLES ........................................................... 17
TABLE 4-2: REFERENCE POINTS AT THE END OF THE MUD FLATS ON LEFT AND RIGHT BANK .................................. 18
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 2-1: ELEMENTS OF THE SEDIMENT BALANCE ............................................................................................... 5
FIGURE 2-2: DETERMINING A SEDIMENT BALANCE................................................................................................... 6
FIGURE 2-3: TRANSPORT MECHANISMS .................................................................................................................... 7
FIGURE 2-4: MAP OF SAILED TRANSECT AND CALIBRATION POINTS ......................................................................... 9
FIGURE 4-1: UNMEASURED REGIONS IN THE CROSS SECTION (FROM RD INSTRUMENTS, 2003) ............................. 16
FIGURE 4-2: MEASURED AND ESTIMATED DISCHARGES AND SEDIMENT FLUXES WITHIN SEDIVIEW (DRL, 2005).. 16
FIGURE 4-3: BOTTOM ESTIMATE OF THE SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION .................................................................... 17
FIGURE 5-1: A) PERPENDICULAR CURRENT VELOCITY ON 22/03/2006 AND B) ON 17/11/2005 C) SUSPENDED
SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION ON 22/03/2006 AND D) ON 17/11/2005) AT 3H AFTER HIGH WATER.................. 21
FIGURE 5-2: A) PERPENDICULAR CURRENT VELOCITY ON 22/03/2006 AND B) ON 17/11/2005 C) SUSPENDED
SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION ON 22/03/2006 AND D) ON 17/11/2005) AT 1H AFTER HIGH WATER.................. 22
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. The assignment
This report is part of the set of reports describing the results of the long-term measurements
conducted in Deurganckdok aiming at the monitoring and analysis of silt accretion. This
measurement campaign is an extension of the study “Extension of the study about density currents
in the Beneden Zeeschelde” as part of the Long Term Vision for the Scheldt estuary. It is
complementary to the study ‘Field measurements high-concentration benthic suspensions (HCBS
2)’1.
The terms of reference for this study were prepared by the ‘Departement Mobiliteit en Openbare
Werken van de Vlaamse Overheid, Afdeling Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium’ (16EB/05/04). The
repetition of this study was awarded to International Marine and Dredging Consultants NV in
association with WL|Delft Hydraulics and Gems International on 10/01/2006.
Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium– Cel Hydrometrie Schelde provided data on discharge, tide,
salinity and turbidity along the river Scheldt and provided survey vessels for the long term and
through tide measurements. Afdeling Maritieme Toegang provided maintenance dredging data.
Agentschap voor Maritieme Dienstverlening en Kust – Afdeling Kust and Port of Antwerp provided
depth sounding measurements.
The execution of the study involves a twofold assignment:
•
•
Part 1: Setting up a sediment balance of Deurganckdok covering a period of one year
Part 2: An analysis of the parameters contributing to siltation in Deurganckdok
1.2. Purpose of the study
The Lower Sea Scheldt (Beneden Zeeschelde) is the stretch of the Scheldt estuary between the
Belgium-Dutch border and Rupelmonde, where the entrance channels to the Antwerp sea locks
are located. The navigation channel has a sandy bed, whereas the shallower areas (intertidal
areas, mud flats, salt marshes) consist of sandy clay or even pure mud sometimes. This part of the
Scheldt is characterized by large horizontal salinity gradients and the presence of a turbidity
maximum with depth-averaged concentrations ranging from 50 to 500 mg/l at grain sizes of 60 100 µm. The salinity gradients generate significant density currents between the river and the
entrance channels to the locks, causing large siltation rates. It is to be expected that in the near
future also the Deurganckdok will suffer from such large siltation rates, which may double the
amount of dredging material to be dumped in the Lower Sea Scheldt.
Results from the study may be interpreted by comparison with results from the HCBS and HCBS2
studies covering the whole Lower Sea Scheldt. These studies included through-tide measurement
campaigns in the vicinity of Deurganckdok and long term measurements of turbidity and salinity in
and near Deurganckdok.
The first part of the study focusses on obtaining a sediment balance of Deurganckdok. Aside from
natural sedimentation, the sediment balance is influenced by the maintenance and capital dredging
works. This involves sediment influx from capital dredging works in the Deurganckdok, and internal
relocation and removal of sediment by maintenance dredging works. To compute a sediment
1
Uitbreiding studie densiteitsstromingen in de Beneden Zeeschelde in het kader van LTV Meetcampagne naar
hooggeconcentreerde slibsuspensies
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balance an inventory of bathymetric data (depth soundings), density measurements of the
deposited material and detailed information of capital and maintenance dredging works will be
made up.
The second part of the study is to gain insight in the mechanisms causing siltation in
Deurganckdok, it is important to follow the evolution of the parameters involved, and this on a long
and short term basis (long term & through-tide measurements). Previous research has shown the
importance of water exchange at the entrance of Deurganckdok is essential for understanding
sediment transport between the dock and the Scheldt river.
1.3. Overview of the study
1.3.1. Reports
Reports of the project ‘Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok’ are summarized in Table 1-1.
Reports of the measurement campaign HCBS2 for which the winter campaign has been carried
out simultaniously with measurements in this report are listed in APPENDIX I.
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Table 1-1: Overview of Deurganckdok Reports
Report Description
Sediment Balance: Bathymetry surveys, Density measurements, Maintenance and
construction dredging activities
Sediment Balance: Three monthly report 1/4/2006 – 30/06/2006
1.1
(I/RA/11283/06.113/MSA)
1.2
Sediment Balance: Three monthly report 1/7/2006 – 30/09/2006
(I/RA/11283/06.114/MSA)
1.3
Sediment Balance: Three monthly report 1/10/2006 – 31/12/2006
(I/RA/11283/06.115/MSA)
1.4
Sediment Balance: Three monthly report 1/1/2007 – 31/03/2007
(I/RA/11283/06.116/MSA)
1.5
Annual Sediment Balance (I/RA/11283/06.117/MSA)
1.6
Sediment balance Bathymetry: 2005 – 3/2006 (I/RA/11283/06.118/MSA)
Factors contributing to salt and sediment distribution in Deurganckdok: Salt-Silt
(OBS3A) & Frame measurements, Through tide measurements (SiltProfiling & ADCP)
Through tide measurement Siltprofiler 21/03/2006 Laure Marie
2.1
(I/RA/11283/06.087/WGO)
2.2
Through tide measurement Siltprofiler Autumn 26-29/09/2006 (I/RA/11283/06.068/MSA)
2.3
Through tide measurement Sediview spring tide 22/03/2006 Veremans
(I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC)
2.4
Through tide measurement Sediview spring tide 26-29/09/2006
(I/RA/11283/06.119/MSA)
2.5
Through tide measurement Sediview neap tide (to be scheduled)
(I/RA/11283/06.120/MSA)
2.6
Salt-Silt distribution Deurganckdok 13/3/2006 – 31/05/2006 (I/RA/11283/06.121/MSA)
2.7
Salt-Silt distribution Deurganckdok 15/07/2006 – 31/10/2006 (I/RA/11283/06.122/MSA)
2.8
Salt-Silt distribution Deurganckdok 15/01/2007 – 15/03/2007 (I/RA/11283/06.123/MSA)
Boundary Conditions: Upriver Discharge, Salt concentration Scheldt, Bathymetric
evolution in access channels, dredging activities in Lower Sea Scheldt and access
channels
Boundary conditions: Three monthly report 1/4/2006 – 30/06/2006
3.1
(I/RA/11283/06.124/MSA)
3.2
Boundary conditions: Three monthly report 1/7/2006 – 30/09/2006
(I/RA/11283/06.125/MSA)
3.3
Boundary conditions: Three monthly report 1/10/2006 – 31/12/2006
(I/RA/11283/06.126/MSA)
3.4
Boundary conditions: Three monthly report 1/1/2007 – 31/03/2007
(I/RA/11283/06.127/MSA)
3.5
Boundary condtions: Annual report (I/RA/11283/06.128/MSA)
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Report Description
Analysis
4
Analysis of Siltation Processes and Factors (I/RA/11283/06.129/MSA)
1.3.2. Measurement actions
Following measurements have been carried out during the course of this project:
1. Monitoring upstream discharge in the Scheldt river
2. Monitoring Salt and sediment concentration in the Lower Sea Scheldt taken from on
permanent data acquisition sites at Lillo, Oosterweel and up- and downstream of the
Deurganckdok.
3. Long term measurement of salt distribution in Deurganckdok.
4. Long term measurement of sediment concentration in Deurganckdok
5. Monitoring near-bed processes in the central trench in the dock, near the entrance as well
as near the landward end: near-bed turbidity, near-bed current velocity and bed elevation
variations are measured from a fixed frame placed on the dock’s bed.
6. Measurement of current, salt and sediment transport at the entrance of Deurganckdok for
which ADCP backscatter intensity over a full cross section are calibrated with the Sediview
procedure and vertical sediment and salt profiles are recorded with the SiltProfiler
equipment
7. Through tide measurements of vertical sediment concentration profiles -including near bed
highly concentrated suspensions- with the SiltProfiler equipment. Executed over a grid of
points near the entrance of Deurganckdok.
8. Monitoring dredging activities at entrance channels towards the Kallo, Zanvliet and
Berendrecht locks
9. Monitoring dredging and dumping activities in the Lower Sea Scheldt
In situ calibrations were conducted on several dates to calibrate all turbidity and conductivity
sensors.
1.4. Structure of the report
This report is the factual data report of the through tide measurements at Deurganckdok on the
22th of March, 2006. The first chapter comprises an introduction. The second chapter describes the
measurement campaign and the equipment. Chapter 3 describes the course of the actual
measurements. The measurement results and processed data are presented in Chapter 4,
whereas chapter 5 gives a preliminary analysis of the data.
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2. THE MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN
2.1. Overview of the studied parameters
The first part of the study aims at determining a sediment balance of Deurganckdok and the net
influx of sediment. The sediment balance comprises a number of sediment transport modes:
deposition, influx from capital dredging works, internal replacement and removal of sediments due
to maintenance dredging (Figure 2-1).
Figure 2-1: Elements of the sediment balance
A net deposition can be calculated from a comparison with a chosen initial condition t0 (Figure 2-2).
The mass of deposited sediment is determined from the integration of bed density profiles
recorded at grid points covering the dock. Subtracting bed sediment mass at t0 leads to the change
in mass of sediments present in the dock (mass growth). Adding cumulated dry matter mass of
dredged material removed since t0 and subtracting any sediment influx due to capital dredging
works leads to the total cumulated mass entered from the Scheldt river since t0.
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Figure 2-2: Determining a sediment balance
The main purpose of the second part of the study is to gain insight in the mechanisms causing
siltation in Deurganckdok. The following mechanisms will be aimed at in this part of the study:
•
•
•
•
Tidal prism, i.e. the extra volume in a water body due to high tide
Vortex patterns due to passing tidal current
Density currents due to salt gradient between the Scheldt river and the dock
Density currents due to highly concentrated benthic suspensions
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Figure 2-3: Transport mechanisms
These aspects of hydrodynamics and sediment transport have been landmark in determining the
parameters to be measured during the project. Measurements will be focussed on three types of
timescales: one tidal cycle, one neap-spring cycle and seasonal variation within one year.
Following data are being collected to understand these mechanisms:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Monitoring upstream discharge in the Scheldt river.
Monitoring Salt and sediment concentration in the Lower Sea Scheldt at permanent
measurement locations at Lillo, Oosterweel, up- and downstream of the Deurganckdok.
Long term measurement of salt and suspended sediment distribution in Deurganckdok.
Monitoring near-bed processes (current velocity, turbidity, and bed elevation variations) in the
central trench in the dock, near the entrance as well as near the current deflecting wall location.
Dynamic measurements of current, salt and sediment transport at the entrance of
Deurganckdok.
Through tide measurements of vertical sediment concentration profiles -including near bed
high concentrated benthic suspensions.
Monitoring dredging activities at entrance channels towards the Kallo, Zandvliet and
Berendrecht locks as well as dredging and dumping activities in the Lower Sea Scheldt.
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2.2. Description of the measurement campaign on March 22nd
Flow velocity, Turbidity, Salinity and Temperature measurements were conducted on the 22th of
March from 8h30 MET until 21h15 MET.
The purpose of the measurements was to determine the cross-section distribution of the
suspended sediment concentration, the sediment flux and flow velocity during a complete tidal
cycle. For measurements in Deurganckddok the terms ‘left bank’ and ‘right bank’ will be used to
address the North quay wall and South quay wall respectively.
From the survey vessel Veremans a measurement cycle was completed every 15 minutes. The
vessel with a mounted ADCP sailed a fixed transect from the left bank to the right bank and vice
versa (Table 2-1). Profiles were gathered to calibrate the ADCP transects for temperature, salinity
and suspended sediment concentration to be used in Sediview.
Two calibration profiles were collected for each transect (Table 2-2):
•
One before sailing the transect at the bank where the start of the transect was (Left bank
during the flood; Right bank during the ebb)
•
One after sailing the transect at the bank where the transect ended (Right bank during
flood, left bank during the ebb).
During these calibrations, a fish with a CTD-OBS was lowered to the bottom. The downcast was
interrupted at two depths, one in the upper half of the water column (between 4 and 7 m from the
water surface), and one at 4 meters above the bottom. At these depths samples were taken for
calibration, and are used as ‘ground truth’ for all suspended sediment concentration
measurements (OBS and Sediview). The other instruments logged continuously during the
downcast. Conductivity, Temperature and Depth was logged by the CTD-probe, while turbidity was
recorded by the OBS.
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Table 2-1Transect of the Flow Measurements (UTM31 ED50)
Measurement
location
Transect DGD
Left
Bank
Easting
588765
Left
Bank
Northing
5684056
Right
Bank
Easting
588541
Right
Bank
Northing
5684527
Avg
Length
[m]
521
Avg
Course
[degr.]
334.6
Figure 2-4: Map of sailed transect and calibration points
Table 2-2: Positions of the calibration points for March 22nd 2006 at Deurganckdok.
Measurement
point
Bank
Easting
(UTM31 ED50)
Northing
(UTM31 ED50)
588561
5684369
588682
5684113
588623
5684470
588745
5684214
Flood
DGDau
DGDbu
Left
Right
Ebb
DGDad
Left
DGDbd
Right
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2.3. The equipment
2.3.1. ADCP
The current measurements were conducted using an RD Instruments ADCP 600 kHz Workhorse.
For positioning the dGPS onboard the vessel Veremans was used. For the measurement of the
heading a gyrocompass was installed.
This 600 KHz ADCP system was mounted on a steel pole underneath the central axis of the
vessel The transducer set was looking vertically downwards to the bottom. Transceiver unit and
computer system were connected to peripherals such as the differential GPS-receiver, the heave
compensator and the gyrocompass.
During the measurements the ADCP constantly measured upstream from the vessel. The
acquisition software of Winriver was used. The main settings are given in Table 2-3. Correction on
acoustic attenuation is carried out afterwards in Sediview by using vertical salinity profiles.
Table 2-3: Main Configuration Settings of ADCP 600kHz Workhorse
Main configuration settings:
Cell depth : 0.5 m
Number of Water pings per ensemble: 2
Number of Bottom Track pings per ensemble: 2
Time between ensembles: 0
Averaging: None
Speed of Sound: Fixed 1500 m/s
Salinity 0 psu
3-beam solution: enabled
2.3.2. OBS - CTD
A D&A type OBS 5 was used to measure depth, conductivity, temperature and turbidity.
Measured parameters by the OBS 5 sensor:
•
temperature (°C), conductivity (µS/cm), absolute pressure (m), turbidity (NTU)
On the Veremans, the OBS 3A device was mounted on a towfish. The resulting record is filled-up
with GPS-time, sample number, and planimetric position of the GPS-receiver. CTD-data are
logged together with GPS-time reference (UTC). Sampling frequency is 1 reading per second.
The technical details on the ADCP and CTD-OBS are described in IMDC (2006a)
2.3.3. Pump Sampler
A water sampler was attached nearby the turbidity sensor taking water samples. Samples were
collected in 1 litre sampling bottles. The pumping speed of the water sampler was tested at the
start of the measurement campaign on board. Dye was used to time the duration between the
intake of the dye and exit at the sampling end of the sampler on board. The duration between
intake and exit at the end was 32 seconds.
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3. COURSE OF THE MEASUREMENTS
3.1. Measurement periods
At Deurganckdok ADCP tracks were sailed once every 15 minutes for 13 hours, in total 50 crosssections.
Calibration profiles were taken at 2 locations (left bank, right bank). During every cycle, 1
calibration profile was taken serving as the second calibration of the previous transect and as the
first calibration point of the current transect, resulting in a total of 53 profiles. APPENDIX A gives
the start and end points of the tracks, the sailed length and the course.
3.2. Hydro-meteorological
campaign
conditions
during
the
measurement
3.2.1. Vertical tide during the measurements
The vertical tide was measured at the Hansweert, Liefkenshoek and Schelle tidal gauges. Graphs
of the tide at Hansweert, Liefkenshoek and Schelle on the 22th of March can be found in
APPENDIX B. Table 3-1 gives the most important characteristics (high and low tide) of the tide at
those gauges on the 22th of March 2006.
Table 3-1: High and low tide at Handsweert, Liefkenshoek and Schelle on 22/03/2006
Time [hh:mm MET]
Hansweert Liefkenshoek Schelle
22/03/2006
LW (1)
HW (2)
LW (3)
HW (4)
Water level [m TAW]
Hansweert Liefkenshoek Schelle
00:50
01:50
02:40
0.34
0.13
0.09
07:20
07:40
08:30
4.4
4.86
5.1
13:20
14:00
15:10
0.37
0.18
0.12
19:30
20:10
21:00
4.07
4.56
4.84
In the tidal characteristics of the tide on the 22th of March are compared to the average tide over
the decade 1991-2000 (AMT, 2003).
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Table 3-2: Comparision of the tidal characteristics of 22/03/2006 with the average tide, the average neap tide
and the average spring tide over the decade 1991-2000 for Liefkenshoek (Lie) and Schelle (Sch)
Neap Tide
(1991-2000)
Lie
Avg Tide
(1991-2000)
Spring Tide
(1991-2000)
Water level
[mTAW]
Han
Sch
Han
Lie
Sch
Han
LW (1)
HW (2)
LW (3)
HW (4)
Tidal
difference
[m]
Rising (1→2)
Falling (2→3)
Rising (3→4)
Duration
[hh:mm]
0.61 0.39 0.34
4.29 4.63 4.95
Han Lie Sch
0.27
4.76
Han
0.05 0.03
5.19 5.45
Lie Sch
3.68 4.24 4.61
3.68 4.24 4.61
-
4.49
4.49
-
Han
Han
Lie
Sch
Sch
Han
0.02
5.11
Han
-0.18 -0.18
5.63 5.83
Lie Sch
0.2
4.5
0.16
-0.02 -0.02
4.96 5.22
-0.06 -0.07
4.33
4.84
5.1
Han
Lie
Sch
5.14 5.42
5.14 5.42
-
5.09
5.09
-
5.81 6.01
5.81 6.01
-
4.3
4.34
4.17
4.98 5.24
5.02 5.29
4.9 5.17
Lie
Han
Lie
Han
Lie
Sch
5:34 5:30 5:54
Rising (1→2) 6:14 5:59 5:53 6:02
6:50 6:55 6:26
Falling (2→3) 6:25 6:40 6:46 6:23
Rising (3→4)
Tide (1→3) 12:39 12:39 12:39 12:25 12:24 12:25 12:20
Tide (2→4)
Tidal
coefficient
Han
Lie
Sch
Rising (1→2) 0.82 0.82 0.85
Falling (2→3) 0.82 0.82 0.85
Rising (3→4)
Lie
Tide
21/03/2006
Sch
5:16 5:15 6:10
7:02 7:04 6:10
6:10
12:18 12:19 12:20
12:20
Lie
Sch
Sch
5:50 5:40
6:30 6:40
5:50 5:40
12:20 12:20
12:20 12:20
Han
Lie
Sch
Han
Lie
Sch
Han
Lie
Sch
1
1
-
1
1
-
1
1
-
1.11
1.11
-
1.13 1.11
1.13 1.11
-
0.96
0.97
0.93
0.97 0.97
0.98 0.98
0.95 0.95
The tidal coefficients from 0.85 up to 0.92 for the measured tide of the 22nd of March indicate that
this tide has a smaller tidal range than the average tide for the decade of 1991-2000.
3.2.2. Meteorological data
Meteorological data at Deurne meteorological station for 22/03/2006 was obtained from KMI
(Koninklijk Meteorologisch Instituut = Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium).
On the 22th of March 2006, the air temperature varied between –1.2 and 7.6°C. The wind blew
from NNE-NE at an average velocity of 14 km/h. The sky was almost clear and no rainfall occured.
3.3. Navigation information
An overview of the navigation at the measurement location is given in APPENDIX C.
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3.4. Remarks on data
Data covering four transects is shown only partially in contour plots in APPENDIX F due to rejected
measured profiles. This rejection has been the result of unacceptable error levels caused by high
vessel speeds compared to the current velocity. The discharge and sediment flux during the
measurement of these specific transects have not been incorporated in flux and discharge
timeseries plots and tables.
Transects for which such event occurred are those with serial numbers 2056DGDt, 2058DGDt,
2060DGDt and 2100DGDt.
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4. PROCESSING OF DATASETS
4.1. Calibration of the turbidity sensors
A crucial aspect of the accuracy and reliability of the data concerns the calibration of the
instruments before the measurement campaign. These calibration procedure is described in
Report 6.1 Winter calibration.
4.2. Methodology of processing of the ADCP data with Sediview
DRL Software’s Sediview was used to process the ADCP data. Sediview is designed to derive
estimates of suspended sediment concentration throughout the water column using acoustic
backscatter data obtained by ADCPs manufactured by RD Instruments of San Diego, California.
4.2.1. Acoustic backscatter theory
The acoustic theory governing backscatter from particles suspended in the water column is
complex, but the following simplified formula serves to introduce the main factors that are relevant:
E = SL + SV + Constant - 20 log(R) - 2α w R
Where:
E
=
echo intensity,
SL =
transmitted power,
SV =
backscatter intensity due to the particles suspended in the water column,
αw =
a coefficient describing the absorption of energy by the water,
R
the distance from the transducer to the measurement bin.
=
The term 20log(R) is a simple geometric function which accounts for the spherical spreading of the
beam. The constant is required because each ADCP has specific performance characteristics.
In order to measure the suspended sediment concentration in the water column it is necessary to
relate the backscattered sound intensity to the mass concentration in the water. For the purposes
of measuring solids concentration on site, it can be shown that the relationship is as follows
(derived from Thorne and Campbell, 1992 and Hay, 1991 in DRL (2003)):
Log 10 M r = {dB + 2r (α w + α s ) − K s }S −1
Where:
M(r)
=
mass concentration per unit volume at range, r
S
=
relative backscatter coefficient
Ks
=
site and instrument constant
dB
=
the measured relative backscatter intensity (corrected for beam spreading)
αw
=
water attenuation coefficient
αs
=
sediment attenuation coefficient, which is a function of the effective particle size
In this expression there are four unknowns: S, Ks, αw and αs. These parameters are to be
determined within Sediview.
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4.2.2. Water sampling and transect sailing
To calibrate Sediview for suspended sediment concentration, two water samples are taken at the
beginning and at the end of each transect (see 3.1). Both samples are taken within the range of
reliable data of the ADCP. For the near-surface sample this means in bin 3 or 4, for the near-bed
sample this means at about one or two meter above the sidelobe.
Water sampling is done together with CTD-OBS measurement in order to have two independent
suspended sediment concentration measurements for each sample. . OBS measurements were
compared to the water samples and recalibrated as mentioned in § 4.1. These OBS SS
concentrations were recalibrated using the conversion equations in 4.1. The water samples were
used for Sediview calibration, while cross-calibrated OBS measurements were used as a back up
check. The salinity and temperature was used to compute the acoustic water absorption (water
attenuation coefficient). All water samples were analysed as is described in 4.2.3.1.
4.2.3. Calibration for suspended sediment concentration within Sediview
4.2.3.1.
Calibration workset
The calibration workset consists of ADCP-files, sampling times, sampling depths, SSC obtained
from water samples and SSC, temperature and salinity obtained from CTD-OBS readings.
The suspended sediment concentration of the water samples was determined. One-litre samples
were filtered over a preweighed desiccated 0.45 micron filter, after which the filter is dried in an
oven at 105°C, cooled and weighed (NEN 6484).
4.2.3.2.
SSC calibration per ensemble pair
In the Sediview calibration process the following parameters must be defined: the site and
instrument constant (Ks), the relative backscatter coefficient (S) and the effective particle size per
ensemble-pair (near-surface sample and near-bed sample) in order to fit the Sediview-estimate
with the suspended sediment concentration of the water samples. These parameter sets may not
differ too much from the previous parameter sets, as the environmental conditions will not change
that much over a small time interval. To obtain a smooth progress in time of Ks, S and effective
particle size an iterative approach is used.
4.2.4. Sediview configuration
4.2.4.1.
Discharge and suspended sediment concentration estimates
The ADCP measures most of the water column from just in front of the ADCP to 6% above the
bottom. The shallow layer of water near the bottom is not used to compute discharge and
suspended sediment concentration due to side-lobe interference. When the ADCP sends out an
acoustic pulse, a small amount of energy is transmitted in side lobes rather than in the direction of
the ADCP beam. Side lobe reflection from the bottom can interfere with the water echoes and can
give erroneous data. The thickness of the side lobe layer is 6% of the distance from the
transducers to the bottom.
Near the banks the water depth is too shallow for the ADCP to profile.
For each of those unmeasured regions, Sediview will make an estimate of the discharges and
suspended sediment concentration. The measured and unmeasured regions in the cross section
are shown in Figure 4-1 and Figure 4-2.
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Figure 4-1: Unmeasured regions in the cross section (from RD Instruments, 2003)
Figure 4-2: Measured and estimated discharges and sediment fluxes within Sediview (DRL, 2005)
4.2.4.1.1
Top/bottom estimates
The sediment concentration and discharge at the top of the water column is assumed to be the
same as the concentration and discharge in the first measured bin.
The sediment concentration between the bottom and the lowest valid bin is assumed to be 125%
of the lowest valid bin. Siltprofiles taken by the SiltProfiler on board the Oostende XI near
Deurganckdok (IMDC, 2005b) and on board the Laure Marie near Deurganckdok (IMDC 2006d)
show that the bottom value of the SSC is approximately 150% of the SSC-value at 2 meter above
the bottom (position of the sidelobe). As the concentration grows approximately linear from the
lowest valid bin to the bottom, and as Sediview uses a constant concentration factor for these
deepest bins, we use a concentration factor of 125% (Figure 4-3).
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Figure 4-3: Bottom estimate of the sediment concentration
Table 4-1: Extrapolation methods for top and bottom variables
Variable
Top
Bottom
Discharge Method
Constant
Power
Concentration factor
100%
125%
The discharge for the bottom water layer is estimated by using the power method. Chen (1991)
discusses the theory of power laws for flow resistance. Simpson and Oltmann (1990) discuss
Chen’s power law equivalent of Manning’s formula for open channels (with b=1/6) (RD
Instruments, 2003).
u / u* = 9.5( z / z0 )b
Where:
z
= Distance to the channel bed [m]
u
= Velocity at distance z from bed [m/s]
u* = Shear velocity [m/s]
z0 = Bottom roughness height [m]
b
= Exponent (1/6)
4.2.4.1.2
Edge estimates
The shape of the edges of the cross section is assumed to be near-rectangular due to the quay
walls of Deurganckdok. Five data ensembles are to be averaged to determine the left and right
bank mean velocities used for calculation of edge estimates.
The distance from start- and endpoint to the bank is calculated from the theoretical start- and
endpoint at the bank to the effective start- and endpoint. The theoretical points are taken at the
quay walls
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Table 4-2: Reference points at the end of the mud flats on left and right bank
Coordinates
Easting
Northing
Easting
Northing
(UTM31 ED50)
Left bank
Left bank
Right bank
Right bank
Zandvliet
586906
5688634
587757
5689950
The formula for determining the near shore discharge is:
Qshore = CVm Ld m [m³/s]
Where:
C = Coefficient (0.35 for triangular, 0.91 for rectangular shape)
Vm = Mean water velocity in the first or the last segment [m/s]
L
= distance from the shore to the first or the last segment specified by the user [m]
dm = Depth of the first or the last segment [m]
The coefficient (C) has been set to 0.91 (rectangular shape of Deurganckdok quay walls).
4.2.4.2.
Contour plots of the transects
All contour plots show perpendicular and parallel projected values on the straightened sailed
transects. The heading of the straightened sailed transect is defined by picking 2 points in the
straight part of the line after having corrected the heading of the ADCP compass. The compass
offset is derived from a comparison of the ADCPs bottom track with the external GPS data.
4.2.5. Output
General transect information containing start-stop coordinates of each sailed transects with stop
time, track length and heading is given in APPENDIX A.
In APPENDIX F, four contourplots were generated for each transect showing the distribution of
suspended sediment concentration & sediment flux as well as the flow velocity perpendicular and
parallel to the transect. The following conventions were used:
•
•
•
•
•
Distances on the X-axis were referenced to the starting point of the transect, the start of the
sailed transect is always at distance equal to zero.
Left bank is always shown left, right bank on the right side. For Deurganckdok, left bank was
taken to be the western quay wall and the right bank to be the eastern quay wall considering
the dock as being a tributuary to the Scheldt river.
Perpendicular flow velocities and fluxes are positive for downstream flow (ebb, out of
Deurganckdok), negative for upstream flow (flood, inbound).
Parallel flow velocities are positive for flow going from the left bank to the right bank, and
negative for flow going from the right bank to the left bank.
Absolute Depth is given in meters above TAW.
Also a depth-averaged velocity plot was generated for the flow velocity perpendicular to the
transect. (See APPENDIX F).
Tables in APPENDIX G give the values for discharges, sediment fluxes and sediment
concentrations for the total cross-section:
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•
•
•
•
•
Mid = measured part of the cross-section
Top = top part of the cross-section
Bottom = bottom part underneath the sidelobe
Edge (left, right) = edge estimates to left & right bank
Total = Mid+Top+Bottom+ Edge values
The graph in APPENDIX H gives the temporal variation of the total flux and total discharge for the
whole through tide measurement at Zandvliet.
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5. PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE DATA
5.1. March 22nd 2006 survey
As Deurganckdok is situated along the part of the Scheldt river under tidal influence, it is subject to
complex current fields near its entrance. The measured current field shows a vortex pattern
dependend on the tidal phase. During ebbing tide the vortex at the entrance of the dock is a
counter-clockwise one and during rising tide it is a clockwise one. This is shown in the contour
plots by inflow (negative) on the western side (left) and outflow on the eastern side of the entrance
during ebbing tide and vice versa for flooding tide. (APPENDIX F).
During slack water we see a current field with opposing current directions in the upper part of the
water column compared to the lower part of the water column. For high water we see inflow
(negative) near the bottom and outflow (positive) near the surface. This particular pattern is
probably an example of the expected salt density currents occurring near the entrance of
Deurganckdok. The same event is seen at low water when the dock contains waters of higher
salinity than the river, here we see an outflow near the bottom and inflow near the surface.
From the backscatter interpretation into suspended sediment concentration we see in general a
higher concentration during slack water and during rising tide compared to during ebbing tide.
Especially at about 3 hours after low water a sudden increase in suspended sediment
concentration is observed.
5.2. Intercomparison with earlier survey on November 17th 2005
On November 17th the same transect has been sailed during through tide measurements, a
description is given by IMDC (2006j). Conditions near the entrance of Deurganckdok have been
simulated in Delft3D and processed by IMDC (2006k) in order to compare simulation with
observed data.
The same circulation pattern as described above is found to have occurred at that day. In Figure
5-1 both measurements have been compared for about 3h after high water, sediment distribution
as well as current pattern in the cross section are almost identical. Current velocity is about 0.2-0.4
m/s on the right bank side and in the upper part of the water column and about –0.2 m/s on the left
bank side. Suspended sediment concentration ranges from 50 to 100 mg/l going up from top right
side towards bottom left side.
In Figure 5-2 the circulation pattern and sediment concentration have been compared for the same
days but at about 1h after high water. Again the current pattern is almost identical on both days
with a salt wedge intruding near the bottom of the dock and compensatory outflow of fresher water
near the surface. Sediment distribution ranges for both measurements between 50 and 150 mg/l
with a very similar pattern across the cross section at the dock’s entrance.
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a)
b)
c)
d)
Figure 5-1: a) Perpendicular current velocity( m/s) on 22/03/2006 and b) On 17/11/2005 c) Suspended
sediment concentration (mg/l)n on 22/03/2006 and d) On 17/11/2005) at 3h after high water
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a)
b)
c)
d)
Figure 5-2: a) Perpendicular current velocity (m/s) on 22/03/2006 and b) On 17/11/2005 c) Suspended
sediment concentration (mg/l) on 22/03/2006 and d) On 17/11/2005) at 1h after high water
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6. REFERENCES
AMT (2003). Intern rapport, Getij-informatie Scheldebekken 1991-2000.
DRL (2003). Sediview Procedure Manual – Draft for July ’03 Issue.
IMDC (2002).Studie Densiteitsstroming in het kader van LTV Schelde, Stroom- en saliniteitsmeting
t.h.v. Deurganckdok uitgevoerd op 12/06/202, I/RA/11216/02.042/CMA.
IMDC (2006a) Uitbreiding studie densiteitsstromingen in de Beneden Zeeschelde in het kader van
LTV Meetcampagne naar hooggeconcentreerde slibsuspensies Deelrapport 6.1 Calibration Winter
15 March & 14 April 2006 (I/RA/11291/06.092/MSA).
IMDC (2006b) Uitbreiding studie densiteitsstromingen in de Beneden Zeeschelde in het kader van
LTV Meetcampagne naar hooggeconcentreerde slibsuspensies Deelrapport 7.1 21 March 2006
Scheldewacht – Deurganckdok (I/RA/11291/06.094/MSA).
IMDC (2006c) Uitbreiding studie densiteitsstromingen in de Beneden Zeeschelde in het kader van
LTV Meetcampagne naar hooggeconcentreerde slibsuspensies Deelrapport 7.2 22 March 2006
Parel 2 – Deurganckdok (downstream) (I/RA/11291/06.095/MSA).
IMDC (2006d) Uitbreiding studie densiteitsstromingen in de Beneden Zeeschelde in het kader van
LTV Meetcampagne naar hooggeconcentreerde slibsuspensies Deelrapport 7.3 22 March 2006
Laure Marie – Liefkenshoek (I/RA/11291/06.096/MSA).
IMDC (2006e) Uitbreiding studie densiteitsstromingen in de Beneden Zeeschelde in het kader van
LTV Meetcampagne naar hooggeconcentreerde slibsuspensies Deelrapport 7.4 23 March 2006
Parel 2 – Schelle (I/RA/11291/06.097/MSA).
IMDC (2006f) Uitbreiding studie densiteitsstromingen in de Beneden Zeeschelde in het kader van
LTV Meetcampagne naar hooggeconcentreerde slibsuspensies Deelrapport 7.5 23 March 2006
Laure Marie – Deurganckdok (downstream) (I/RA/11291/06.098/MSA).
IMDC (2006g) Uitbreiding studie densiteitsstromingen in de Beneden Zeeschelde in het kader van
LTV Meetcampagne naar hooggeconcentreerde slibsuspensies Deelrapport 7.6 23 March 2006
Veremans – Waarde (I/RA/11291/06.099/MSA).
IMDC(2006h) Langdurige metingen Deurganckdok: Opvolging en analyse aanslibbing. Deelrapport
2.1 Opmeting stroming en zout- en sedimentbeweging aan de ingang van het Deurganckdok
(SiltProfiler) (I/RA/11283/06.087/WGO).
IMDC(2006i) Langdurige metingen Deurganckdok: Opvolging en analyse aanslibbing. Deelrapport
2.3. Opmeting stroming en zout-en sedimentbeweging aan de ingang van het Deurganckdok
(ADCP) (I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC)
IMDC(2006j): Studie van de stromingsvelden en sedimentuitwisseling aan de ingang van
Deurganckdok. Current and Sediment flux measurements November 17th 2005
(I/RA/15030/06.021/BDC).
IMDC(2006k): Studie van de stromingsvelden en sedimentuitwisseling aan de ingang van
Deurganckdok. Additional processing of ADCP and salinity data 17/11/2005 and 28/11/2005
(I/RA/15030/06.040/BDC).
KMI (2006). Maandbericht Klimatologische waarnemingen Deel II March 2006.
RD Instruments (October 2003). Winriver User’s Guide International Version.
Unesco (1991). Processing of Oceanographic Station Data.
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APPENDIX A.
OVERVIEW OF MEASUREMENTS
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A.1 Overview of the measurement locations for the whole HCBS2
measurement campaign
Overview of the measurement locations
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en Gems
Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
Overview of the measurement locations at Deurganckdok
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
A-3
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
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Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
Theoretical transect in Schelle
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
A-4
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
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Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
Theoretical transect in Waarde
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
A-5
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
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Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
A.2 Overview of all measurement locations HCBS measurement
campaign 21/3-23/3
Table with coordinates of theoretical transects
Transect Start Easting Start Northing End Easting End Northing
I
590318.00
5683302.00 590771.00 5684257.00
K
588484.00
5684924.00 589775.00 5685384.00
SCHELLE 592645.07
5665794.06 592952.68 5665682.28
DGD
588764.88
5684056.49 588540.95 5684526.94
Y
589059.09
5684948.36 587898.76 5683076.56
WAARDE 573541.00
5696848.20 571318.00 5694932.90
Table with coordinates of SiltProfiler gauging locations
SP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
EASTING NORTHING
588737
5684638
588690
5684562
588643
5684486
588596
5684411
588549
5684335
588606
5684217
588653
5684293
588700
5684368
588747
5684444
588793
5684520
588850
5684402
588803
5684326
588756
5684250
588709
5684174
588662
5684099
A-6
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
en Gems
Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
A.3
Measurement overview Deurganckdok 22/03/2006
FileName
2002DGDt000r
2005DGDt000r
2008DGDt000rbis
2011DGDt000r2
2014DGDt000rsub2
2016DGDt000r
2018DGDt000rsub
2020DGDt000r
2022DGDt000r
2024DGDt000r
2026DGDt000r
2028DGDt000r
2030DGDt000rbis
2032DGDt000rbis
2034DGDt000rbissub
2036DGDt000rsub
2038DGDt000rbissub
2040DGDt000r
2042DGDt000rsub
2044DGDt000rsub
2046DGDt000rsub
2048DGDt000r2
2050DGDt000rsub
2052DGDt000rbis
2054DGDt000r
2056DGDt000rbis
2058DGDt000rbissub
2060DGDt000rbis
2062DGDt000rsub
2064DGDt000rsub
2066DGDt000r
2068DGDt000rsub
2070DGDt000rsub
2072DGDt000rsub
2074DGDt000rbis
2076DGDt000rbis2
2078DGDt000rbissub
2080DGDt000rsub
2082DGDt000r
2084DGDt000r
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
End Time of
time
HW
[hh:mm [hh:mm]
MET]
8:30
0:50
8:49
1:09
9:08
1:28
9:41
2:01
10:12
2:32
10:25
2:45
10:41
3:01
10:58
3:18
11:12
3:32
11:26
3:46
11:41
4:01
11:56
4:16
12:09
4:29
12:26
4:46
12:40
5:00
12:52
5:12
13:11
5:31
13:23
5:43
13:40
6:00
13:52
6:12
14:11
-5:59
14:23
-5:47
14:43
-5:27
14:58
-5:12
15:11
-4:59
15:28
-4:42
15:39
-4:31
15:51
-4:19
16:15
-3:55
16:27
-3:43
16:40
-3:30
16:54
-3:16
17:10
-3:00
17:22
-2:48
17:39
-2:31
17:51
-2:19
18:10
-2:00
18:23
-1:47
18:41
-1:29
18:55
-1:15
Easting Northing Easting Northing Transect Transect
start
start
end
end
length heading
(UTM31 (UTM31 (UTM31 (UTM31
[m]
[°]
ED50)
ED50)
ED50)
ED50)
588573 5684495 588745 5684106
425
156
588549 5684488 588745 5684098
436
153
588552 5684490 588744 5684103
432
154
588539 5684496 588741 5684115
432
152
588546 5684494 588746 5684104
438
153
588755 5684059 588568 5684468
450
335
588562 5684513 588751 5684084
469
156
588754 5684052 588558 5684486
475
336
588556 5684514 588743 5684114
441
155
588749 5684070 588557 5684486
458
335
588546 5684512 588754 5684084
476
154
588755 5684076 588557 5684490
459
334
588535 5684490 588746 5684098
445
152
588754 5684074 588561 5684481
450
335
588544 5684500 588755 5684071
478
154
588757 5684063 588559 5684484
465
335
588544 5684503 588751 5684092
460
153
588755 5684066 588568 5684471
447
335
588553 5684514 588745 5684098
459
155
588754 5684090 588556 5684493
450
334
588547 5684502 588752 5684070
477
155
588750 5684051 588558 5684490
479
336
588556 5684514 588751 5684085
472
155
588757 5684067 588555 5684499
477
335
588547 5684521 588749 5684098
469
154
588727 5684025 588555 5684491
496
340
588555 5684505 588750 5684094
455
155
588730 5684035 588546 5684529
527
340
588556 5684512 588752 5684088
467
155
588753 5684055 588565 5684477
462
336
588538 5684506 588742 5684099
455
153
588752 5684052 588560 5684488
477
336
588551 5684520 588750 5684090
474
155
588755 5684057 588560 5684484
469
335
588543 5684507 588743 5684110
444
153
588745 5684039 588562 5684490
486
338
588550 5684513 588743 5684096
459
155
588760 5684056 588558 5684490
478
335
588559 5684562 588747 5684091
507
158
588753 5684060 588552 5684513
495
336
A-7
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
en Gems
Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
FileName
2086DGDt000rsub2
2088DGDt000r
2090DGDt000rsub2
2092DGDt000r2
2094DGDt000r2
2096DGDt000rsub
2098DGDt000rbis
2100DGDt000rbis
2102DGDt000rsub2
2104DGDt000rsub
End Time of
time
HW
[hh:mm [hh:mm]
MET]
19:11
-0:59
19:23
-0:47
19:40
-0:30
19:53
-0:17
20:10
0:00
20:22
0:12
20:41
0:31
20:53
0:43
21:09
0:59
21:22
1:12
Easting Northing Easting Northing Transect Transect
start
start
end
end
length heading
(UTM31 (UTM31 (UTM31 (UTM31
[m]
[°]
ED50)
ED50)
ED50)
ED50)
588561 5684507 588744 5684112
436
155
588746 5684044 588555 5684488
483
337
588559 5684501 588742 5684102
438
155
588760 5684067 588558 5684508
484
335
588561 5684494 588758 5684090
449
154
588758 5684070 588564 5684492
465
335
588574 5684519 588754 5684098
458
157
588758 5684072 588563 5684498
469
335
588576 5684552 588750 5684095
489
159
588757 5684068 588556 5684526
500
336
Location of start en end points of the sailed tracks
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
A-8
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
en Gems
Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
APPENDIX B.
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
B-1
TIDAL DATA
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
R. Kirby en Gems
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
11283 - Winter 2006 SURVEY
Hansweert
Liefkenshoek
Schelle
6
5
Waterlevel [m TAW]
4
3
2
1
0
00:00
21:36
19:12
16:48
14:24
12:00
09:36
07:12
04:48
02:24
00:00
-1
Time [hh:mm MET]
Measured tide on 22/03/2006
Location:
River Scheldt
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
Data processed by:
Date:
In association with:
22/03/2006
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
B-2
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
R. Kirby en Gems Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
APPENDIX C.
NAVIGATION INFORMATION AS RECORDED ON SITE
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
C-1
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
R. Kirby en Gems Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
Nr.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Ship:
Veremans
Location:
Deurganckdok
Tijdstip (MET)
Name schip
Direction
8:14
Rijnstroom
IN
9:00
Hijnika
IN
9:01
Integro
OUT
9:08
Noordzee
OUT
9:09
Camaro
OUT
10:01
Setus
OUT
10:15
Rijnstroom
OUT
12:50
Hijnika
IN
13:30
Pictunia
IN
14:14
Orida
IN
15:50
Vitaja
IN
17:01
Orida
OUT
17:38
Karin
IN
18:50
Karin
OUT
19:09
Tarkana
IN
19:10
Riebel
OUT
21:15
Santina
IN
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
C-2
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
R. Kirby en Gems Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
APPENDIX D.
CALIBRATION AND CROSS-CALIBRATION GRAPHS
FOR OBS DATA
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
D-1
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IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
R. Kirby en Gems
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
11283 – March 2006 SURVEY
OBS 3+
5000
4000
y = 0.0006x2 + 1.0696x - 28.316
R2 = 0.9997
SSC [mg/l]
3000
2000
1000
0
0.00
500.00
1000.00
1500.00
2000.00
2500.00
-1000
Turbidity [Counts]
Calibration Graph of OBS-3+
Location:
Deurganckdok
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
Data processed by:
Date:
In association with:
15/03/2006
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
D-2
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
R. Kirby en Gems Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
APPENDIX E.
UNESCO PPS-78 FORMULA FOR CALCULATING
SALINITY
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
E-1
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
R. Kirby en Gems
Practical Salinity Scale (PPS 78)
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
Salinity in the range of 2 to 42
Constants from the 19th Edition of Standard Methods
0.0117 R =
R cond.ratio
C Cond at t
t deg. C
P dBar
C
42.914mS / cm
0.5
22.00
20
Input conductivity in mS/cm of sample
Input temperature of sample solution
Input pressure at which sample is measured in decibars
p(e1 + e 2 p + e 3 p 2 )
1 + d 1t + d 2 t 2 + (d 3 + d 4 t)R
Rp
1.0020845
Rp = 1 +
rt
1.1641102
rt = c 0 + c 1 t + c 2 t2 + c 3 t3 + c 4 t4
Rt
0.0099879 R t
=
R
R p x rt
(t-15)
1/2
-0.0010 Delta S = 1+k(t-15) (b0 + b1Rt
Delta S
S = Salinity
a0
a1
a2
a3
a4
a5
0.257
0.0080
-0.1692
25.3851
14.0941
-7.0261
2.7081
3/2
2
5/2
+ b2 R t + b3R t + b4R t + b5R t )
1/2
3/2
2
5/2
S = a0 + a1Rt + a2Rt + a3Rt + a4Rt + a5Rt + delta S
b0
b1
b2
b3
b4
b5
k
0.0005
-0.0056
-0.0066
-0.0375
0.0636
-0.0144
0.0162
c0
c1
c2
c3
c4
0.6766097
2.00564E-02
1.104259E-04
-6.9698E-07
1.0031E-09
d1
d2
d3
d4
3.426E-02
4.464E-04
4.215E-01
-3.107E-03
e1
e2
e3
2.070E-04
-6.370E-08
3.989E-12
R = ratio of measured conductivity to the conductivity of the Standard Seawater Solution
Conductivity Ratio R is a function of salinity, temperature, and hydraulic pressure. So that we can factor R into three parts i.e.
R = Rt x Rp x rt
R = C(S,t,p)/C(35,15,0)
C = 42.914 mS/cm at 15 deg C and 0 dbar pressure ie C(35,15,0) where 35 is the salinity
Ocean pressure is usually measured in decibars. 1 dbar = 10^-1 bar = 10^5 dyne/cm^2 = 10^4 Pascal.
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
E-2
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
R. Kirby en Gems Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
APPENDIX F.CONTOURPLOTS OF FLOW
VELOCITIES, SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION AND
SEDIMENT FLUX PER SAILED TRANSECT
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
F-1
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
R. Kirby en Gems Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
This page is intentionally left blank.
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
F-2
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
R. Kirby en Gems Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
APPENDIX G.
DISCHARGE AND SEDIMENT FLUX
FOR THE TOTAL CROSS-SECTION
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
G-1
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R. Kirby en Gems Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
Filename
2002DGDt000r.csv
2005DGDt000r.csv
2008DGDt000rbis.csv
2011DGDt000r2.csv
2014DGDt000rsub2.csv
2016DGDt000r.csv
2018DGDt000rsub.csv
2020DGDt000r.csv
2022DGDt000r.csv
2024DGDt000r.csv
2026DGDt000r.csv
2028DGDt000r.csv
2030DGDt000rbis.csv
2032DGDt000rbis.csv
2034DGDt000rbissub.csv
2036DGDt000rsub.csv
2038DGDt000rbissub.csv
2040DGDt000r.csv
2042DGDt000rsub.csv
2044DGDt000rsub.csv
2046DGDt000rsub.csv
2048DGDt000r2.csv
2050DGDt000rsub.csv
2052DGDt000rbis.csv
2054DGDt000r.csv
2056DGDt000r.csv
2058DGDt000r.csv
2060DGDt000r.csv
2062DGDt000rsub.csv
2064DGDt000rsub.csv
2066DGDt000r.csv
2068DGDt000rsub.csv
2070DGDt000rsub.csv
2072DGDt000rsub.csv
2074DGDt000rbis.csv
2076DGDt000rbis2.csv
2078DGDt000rbissub.csv
2080DGDt000rsub.csv
2082DGDt000r.csv
2084DGDt000r.csv
2086DGDt000rsub2.csv
2088DGDt000r.csv
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
Qmid
[m³/s]
106
120
69
-21
203
152
243
165
97
103
133
101
68
146
79
152
17
201
129
88
171
-14
65
-76
-112
Qtop
[m³/s]
320
393
314
229
162
183
144
143
135
111
57
52
-71
-51
-130
-10
-89
-96
-142
-138
-187
-198
-211
-245
-203
-40
-152
-94
-274
-151
-91
-9
-100
-60
-265
-218
-247
-228
-253
-207
-133
-77
-26
-45
12
52
78
127
31
25
136
141
104
Qbottom
Qleft
[m³/s]
[m³/s]
17
183
17
47
12
33
-3
45
29
-127
24
-128
35
-81
24
0
16
-140
16
-39
20
66
14
-32
11
25
24
-140
13
-139
22
-154
2
-109
29
-246
17
-123
11
-230
26
0
-3
-41
8
-37
-13
-36
-18
-92
Not Fully Recorded
Not Fully Recorded
Not Fully Recorded
-6
92
-23
117
-17
202
-40
101
-21
130
-13
78
-2
44
-16
47
-8
19
-35
90
-31
170
-36
10
-31
105
-34
419
G-2
Qright
[m³/s]
-22
-42
25
150
30
39
29
0
42
-35
21
-91
28
25
10
326
22
39
27
44
0
74
169
26
23
Qtotal
[m³/s]
604
536
453
399
298
269
369
332
150
156
297
43
62
4
-167
336
-156
-74
-92
-226
11
-183
-6
-343
-402
-32
-51
45
-98
-33
-78
-80
-9
-88
-83
-79
-40
-125
-16
-194
-241
58
-337
-120
-92
4
0
-10
-264
-133
-177
-137
220
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
R. Kirby en Gems Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
Filename
2090DGDt000rsub2.csv
2092DGDt000r2.csv
2094DGDt000r2.csv
2096DGDt000rsub.csv
2098DGDt000rbis.csv
2100DGDt000r.csv
2102DGDt000rsub2.csv
2104DGDt000rsub.csv
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
Qmid
[m³/s]
7
123
91
79
87
Qtop
[m³/s]
169
337
321
333
331
80
135
310
357
Qbottom
Qleft
[m³/s]
[m³/s]
-1
111
18
57
12
86
13
168
14
88
Not Fully Recorded
13
-87
21
-59
G-3
Qright
[m³/s]
-81
-29
-26
-68
-16
Qtotal
[m³/s]
206
506
484
525
505
-16
21
299
475
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
R. Kirby en Gems Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
Filename
2002DGDt000r.csv
2005DGDt000r.csv
2008DGDt000rbis.csv
2011DGDt000r2.csv
2014DGDt000rsub2.csv
2016DGDt000r.csv
2018DGDt000rsub.csv
2020DGDt000r.csv
2022DGDt000r.csv
2024DGDt000r.csv
2026DGDt000r.csv
2028DGDt000r.csv
2030DGDt000rbis.csv
2032DGDt000rbis.csv
2034DGDt000rbissub.csv
2036DGDt000rsub.csv
2038DGDt000rbissub.csv
2040DGDt000r.csv
2042DGDt000rsub.csv
2044DGDt000rsub.csv
2046DGDt000rsub.csv
2048DGDt000r2.csv
2050DGDt000rsub.csv
2052DGDt000rbis.csv
2054DGDt000r.csv
2056DGDt000r.csv
2058DGDt000r.csv
2060DGDt000r.csv
2062DGDt000rsub.csv
2064DGDt000rsub.csv
2066DGDt000r.csv
2068DGDt000rsub.csv
2070DGDt000rsub.csv
2072DGDt000rsub.csv
2074DGDt000rbis.csv
2076DGDt000rbis2.csv
2078DGDt000rbissub.csv
2080DGDt000rsub.csv
2082DGDt000r.csv
2084DGDt000r.csv
2086DGDt000rsub2.csv
2088DGDt000r.csv
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
Fmid
[kg/s]
-37
-29
-11
-9
-1
-4
-1
-5
-8
-6
-3
0
-1
-5
-6
-4
-11
7
4
3
6
-3
5
-8
-23
Ftop
[kg/s]
3
4
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
-2
-2
-4
-2
-4
-3
-4
-4
-5
-5
-7
-8
-10
-2
-13
-4
-19
-14
-15
-30
-23
-6
-19
-14
-26
-21
-19
-9
-7
-4
-2
-1
-2
-1
1
3
1
0
4
2
1
Fbottom
Fleft
[kg/s]
[kg/s]
2
15
2
3
1
3
0
3
3
-5
1
-8
1
-5
1
0
0
-10
0
-4
0
5
0
-2
0
2
0
-8
-1
-8
0
-15
-2
-9
1
-16
0
-7
0
-13
1
0
-1
-2
1
-2
-1
-2
-2
-6
Not Fully Recorded
Not Fully Recorded
Not Fully Recorded
1
11
0
12
-1
15
-2
6
-1
10
0
6
-2
5
-3
4
-1
1
-3
9
-3
12
-4
1
-3
6
-3
23
G-4
Fright
[kg/s]
-2
-4
1
5
1
1
1
0
1
-2
0
-3
1
0
0
6
0
1
0
1
0
1
3
2
1
Ftotal
[kg/s]
-18
-25
-2
1
-2
-8
-2
-3
-16
-10
1
-5
-1
-15
-18
-15
-25
-11
-7
-12
2
-10
0
-17
-40
-2
-3
4
-7
-2
-6
-18
-1
-8
-4
-6
-3
-5
-1
-2
-11
10
-23
-8
-17
-45
-22
-11
-16
-11
-28
-21
1
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
R. Kirby en Gems Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
Filename
2090DGDt000rsub2.csv
2092DGDt000r2.csv
2094DGDt000r2.csv
2096DGDt000rsub.csv
2098DGDt000rbis.csv
2100DGDt000rbis.csv
2102DGDt000rsub2.csv
2104DGDt000rsub.csv
Fmid
[kg/s]
-19
-48
-42
-34
-33
Ftop
[kg/s]
1
5
4
4
4
-27
-18
3
4
Fbottom
Fleft
[kg/s]
[kg/s]
-1
4
2
7
1
10
1
12
1
7
Not Fully Recorded
2
-8
2
-8
Fright
[kg/s]
-5
-3
-3
-6
-1
Ftotal
[kg/s]
-21
-38
-30
-23
-22
-1
1
-31
-18
Net flux over measurement campaign: -708 Ton dry matter
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
G-5
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
R. Kirby en Gems Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
APPENDIX H.
TEMPORAL VARIATION OF TOTAL FLUX AND TOTAL
DISCHARGE
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
H-1
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
R. Kirby en Gems Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
Total discharge through the measured cross section, positive downstream (outbound the dock)
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
H-2
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
R. Kirby en Gems Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
Total flux through the measured cross section, positive downstream (outbound the dock)
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
H-3
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
R. Kirby en Gems Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
APPENDIX I. HCBS2 REPORTS WINTER CAMPAIGN
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
I-4
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07
IMDC NV i.s.m. WL|Delft Hydraulics,
Opvolging aanslibbing Deurganckdok
R. Kirby en Gems Report 2.3 Through Tide Measurement Sediview Springtide 22/03/06 Veremans
Report
Description
Ambient Conditions Lower Sea Scheldt
5.3
Overview of ambient conditions in the river Scheldt – January-June 2006
(I/RA/11291/06.088/MSA)
5.4
Overview of ambient conditions in the river Scheldt – July-December 2006
(I/RA/11291/06.089/MSA)
5.5
Overview of ambient conditions in the river Scheldt : RCM-9 buoy 84 & 97
(1/1/2007 -31/3/2007) (I/RA/11291/06.090/MSA)
5.6
Analysis of ambient conditions during 2006 (I/RA/11291/06.091/MSA)
Calibration
6.1
Winter Calibration (I/RA/11291/06.092/MSA)
6.2
Summer Calibration and Final Report (I/RA/11291/06.093/MSA)
Through tide Measurements Winter 2006
7.1
21/3
Scheldewacht
–
(I/RA/11291/06.094/MSA)
Deurganckdok
–
Salinity
7.2
22/3 Parel 2 – Deurganckdok (I/RA/11291/06.095/MSA)
7.3
22/3 Laure Marie – Liefkenshoek (I/RA/11291/06.096/MSA)
7.4
23/3 Parel 2 – Schelle (I/RA/11291/06.097/MSA)
7.5
23/3 Laure Marie – Deurganckdok (I/RA/11291/06.098/MSA)
7.6
23/3 Veremans Waarde (I/RA/11291/06.099/MSA)
Distribution
HCBS Near bed continuous monitoring (Frames)
8.1
Near bed continuous monitoring winter 2006 (I/RA/11291/06.100/MSA)
8.2
INSSEV
9
Near bed continuous monitoring summer 2006 (I/RA/11291/06.101/MSA)
Settling Velocity - INSSEV summer 2006 (I/RA/11291/06.102/MSA)
Cohesive Sediment
10
Cohesive sediment properties summer 2006 (I/RA/11291/06.103/MSA)
Through tide Measurements Summer
11.1
Measurement day 27/9 Vessel 1 (I/RA/11291/06.104/MSA)
11.2
Measurement Day 27/9 vessel 2 (I/RA/11291/06.105/MSA)
11.3
Measurement Day 28/9 vessel 1 (I/RA/11291/06.106/MSA)
11.4
Measurement Day 28/9 vessel 2 (I/RA/11291/06.107/MSA)
11.5
Measurement Day 28/9 vessel 3 (I/RA/11291/06.108/MSA)
Analysis
12
Report concerning the presence of HCBS layers in the Scheldt river
(I/RA/11291/06.109/MSA)
I/RA/11283/06.110/BDC
I-5
versie 2.0 - 30/01/07