Citing and referencing
(and a bit Zotero)
http://tinyurl.com/ifibib
BibLaTeX
EndNote
January 16th 2015
*)
Why cite and refer - 1
• To give credit
• To assure your readers of the accuracy of your
facts
• To document your foundation and show on
which other works your own work is based
*) Partly based on Turabian. A manual for writers.2007
Why cite and refer - 2
• To avoid accusations of plagiarism and
cheating
– If you use texts, photos, graphs, images, ideas
made by others, you must cite them with
references
• To help readers extend your work
What should you cite and refer?
• avoid web pages
• try to cite the primary source
• peer-reviewed texts
– journal articles
– books
– chapters/parts of books
– conference papers
– technical reports
– definitions from encyclopedias
How to cite and refer
• The citation should point to a description (a
reference) that contains enough information to
locate the source (the document or cited
information)
• A quotation should be separated from your own text
– by typographical means like ”quotation marks”,
– by
separate paragraphs with closer margins,
– by giving the text in italics.
• Paraphrasing the source does not free you from
citing.
Four different styles
Zotero
www.Zotero.org
• Zotero is a Firefox add-on for reference managing
and a stand-alone program (connecting to
Chrome, Safari, Opera)
• Interprets and fetches references on the current
page in your browser
• Organizes references and documents in libraries
and groups
• The library or group may be put in the Zotero
cloud and used from wherever you are online
• Collaborate with other people
• Export data to other tools (BibLaTeX, EndNote,)
Zotero in Firefox
Syncing your Zotero-data
Sync preferences
Syncing manually
Groups : sharing references
BibLaTeX
BibTeX/bibtex  BibLaTeX/biber
• Some differences between BibTeX and BibLaTeX
– BibLaTeX/biber supports UTF-8, BibTeX ASCII
– BibLaTeX has a broader range of reference information
fields
– BibLaTeX is easier to customize
• Emacs supports BibTeX fields
• The reference databases provide BibTeX fields
• The BibLaTeX /biber handles BibTeX-data (but not the
other way round)
Reference information fields
• author / editor
• title / subtitle / booktitle /
journaltitle
• edition
• volume
• issue
• number
• pages
• location
• publisher
• year / date
• ...
Document types and mandatory fields
• article (journal article)
– author, title, journaltitle, year|date
• book / inbook
– author, title, year|date / +booktitle
• collection / incollection
– editor, title, year|date / +author, booktitle
• proceedings / inproceedings
– editor, title, year|date / +author, booktitle
• thesis
– author, title, type, institution, year|date
• online
– author/editor, title, year|date, url
• ...
LaTeX/BibLaTeX
The bib-file (library.bib)
The TeX-file
@book{henrik,
Author = {Henrik Ibsen},
Title = {A doll’s house},
…
}
\documentclass[…]{…}
\usepackage[backend=biber]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{library.bib}
\begin{document}
…
Some text and then a
citation.\cite{nordahl}
more text and a
new citation \cite{henrik}
…
@book{nordahl,
Author = {Nordahl Grieg},
Title = {The world must still be young},
…
}
The bib file must reside in the
same folder as the TeX-file or in
the folder ~/texmf/bibtex/bib/
\printbibliography
\end{document}
Journal article
@Article{,
author =
title =
journal =
year =
OPTkey =
OPTvolume =
OPTnumber =
OPTpages =
OPTmonth =
OPTnote =
OPTannote =
}
{},
{},
{},
{},
{},
{},
{},
{},
{},
{},
{}
@Article{knuth1974,
author =
{Donald E. Knuth},
title =
{Computer programming as an art},
journal =
{Communications of the ACM},
year =
{1974},
OPTkey =
{},
OPTvolume =
{17},
OPTnumber =
{12},
OPTpages =
{667--673},
OPTmonth =
{December},
OPTnote =
{},
OPTannote =
{}
}
@Book{,
ALTauthor =
ALTeditor =
title =
publisher =
year =
OPTkey =
OPTvolume =
OPTnumber =
OPTseries =
OPTaddress =
OPTedition =
OPTmonth =
OPTnote =
OPTannote =
}
{},
{},
{},
{},
{},
{},
{},
{},
{},
{},
{},
{},
{},
{}
Book
@Book{Dahl1992,
author =
title =
publisher =
year =
}
{Ole-Johan Dahl},
{Verifiable programming},
{Prentice Hall},
{1992},
Chapter in a book
Conference paper
@Proceedings{key2,
@Proceedings{hopl78,
title
title == {History
{},of programming languages},
year
year ==
{1978},{},
editor
editor == {Wexelblat,
{}, Richard L.},
publisher
publisher == {}
{ACM}
}}
@InProceedings{key1,
author = {},
@InProceedings{simula,
=
{}, Kristen and Dahl, Ole-Johan},
author title
= {Nygaard,
crossref
={key2}
title =
{The development
of the SIMULA languages},
\cite{simula}
} =
pages
{439--480},
crossref ={hopl78}
\cite{hopl78}
}
LaTeX/BibTeX-editors
• Kile editor (LaTeX / BibLaTeX)
– http://kile-sourceforge.net
• VIM-LaTeX for VIM
– http://vim-latex.sourceforge.net/
• AUCTeX for Emacs
– https://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/index.html
• TeXworks – TeX GUI for all plattforms
– http://www.tug.org/texworks
• JabRef -Bib(La)TeX-editor for all platforms
– http://jabref.sourceforge.net/
Emacs
macros - abbreviations
• @string{atch={ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interactions}}
– journaltitle = atch,
• @string{dek={Donald Erwin Knuth}}
– author=dek,
• @string{apa={American {P}sychological {A}ssociation}}
– publisher=apa,
•
a macro must appear before the first reference using it
in the bib file
•
advice: put all your macros at the top of your bib file or
in a separate file (which then must be loaded first):
• \ addbibresource{macros.bib}
• \ addbibresource{library.bib}
or
• \bibliography{macros, library}
Fetch BibTeX references from
databases - ACM
Fetch BibTeX references from
databases - IEEE
A
complete
example:
numeric
style
The tex-file (example.tex)
\documentclass[11pt,english,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{babel,csquotes}
\usepackage[backend=biber,%
citestyle=numeric,%
bibstyle=numeric%
]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{library.bib}
\begin{document}
\section*{Introduction}
Donald E. Knuth has written a book about
digital typography\cite{knuth}.
\printbibliography
\end{document}
The bib-file (library.bib)
@Book{knuth,
author = {Donald E. Knuth},
title = {Digital typography},
publisher = {CLSI publications},
year = 1999}
LaTeX/biber processing
 ltx example.tex
numeric
numeric-comp
numeric
alphabetic
alphabetic
authoryear
authoryear
authoryear-comp
authortitle
authortitle
...
...
alphabetic
\documentclass[11pt,english,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{babel,csquotes}
\usepackage[backend=biber,%
citestyle=alphabetic,%
bibstyle=alphabetic%
]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{library.bib}
\begin{document}
\section*{Introduction}
Donald E. Knuth has written a book about
digital typography\cite{knuth}.
\printbibliography
\end{document}
authoryear
\documentclass[11pt,english,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{babel,csquotes}
\usepackage[backend=biber,%
citestyle=authoryear,%
bibstyle=authoryear%
]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{library.bib}
\begin{document}
\section*{Introduction}
Donald E. Knuth has written a book about
digital typography\parencite{knuth}.
typography\cite{knuth}.
\printbibliography
\end{document}
authortitle
\documentclass[11pt,english,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{babel,csquotes}
\usepackage[backend=biber,%
citestyle=authortitle,%
bibstyle=authortitle%
]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{library.bib}
\begin{document}
\section*{Introduction}
Donald E. Knuth has written a book about
digital typography\parencite{knuth}.
typography\cite{knuth}.
\printbibliography
\end{document}
Do not mix the styles
citestyle=numeric,bibstyle=alphabetic
citestyle=alphabetic,bibstyle=numeric
Style
\documentclass[11pt,english,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{babel,csquotes}
\usepackage[backend=biber,%
style=
]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{library.bib}
numeric
alphabetic
authoryear
authortitle
...
Related entries
\documentclass[11pt,english,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{babel,csquotes}
\usepackage[backend=biber,%
citestyle=authortitle,%
bibstyle=authortitle%
]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{library.bib}
\begin{document}
\section*{Introduction}
Donald E. Knuth has written a book about
digital typography\parencite{knuth}.
\printbibliography
\end{document}
@Book{knuth,
author
= {Donald E. Knuth},
title
= {Digital typography},
publisher
= {CLSI publications},
related
= {knuth1974},
relatedstring= {See also },
Year
= 1999
}
...
@Article{knuth1974,
author = {Donald E. Knuth},
title = {Computer programming as an art},
journal = {Communications of the ACM},
year =
1974,
volume = 17,
number = 12,
pages = {667--673},
month = {December}
}
\cite
•
•
•
•
•
\begin{document}
\section*{Introduction}
Donald E. Knuth has written a book about
digital typography\footcite[][is not the
only one]{knuth}.
\cite[<prenote>][<postnote>]{<key>}
\parencite[<prenote>][<postnote>]{<key>}
\footcite[<prenote>][<postnote>]{<key>}
\smartcite[<prenote>][<postnote>]{<key>}
\supercite{<key>}
\printbibliography
\end{document}
\cite - 2
•
•
•
•
\citeauthor [<prenote>][<postnote>]{<key>}
\citetitle [<prenote>][<postnote>]{<key>}
\citeyear [<prenote>][<postnote>]{<key>}
\citeurl [<prenote>][<postnote>]{<key>}
Example:
Sorting references
\documentclass[11pt,english,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{babel,csquotes}
\usepackage[backend=biber,%
style=numeric,%
nty (name, title year)
sorting=...,%
nyt
]{biblatex}
ynt
\addbibresource{library.bib}
none
debug
...
Selection of style implies sorting order.
You should balance the style and the sorting order
Sorting citations
\documentclass[11pt,english,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{babel,csquotes}
\usepackage[backend=biber,%
style=numeric,%
sortcites=true,%
[8,3,1,7,2]  [1,2,3,7,8]
]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{library.bib}
\usepackage[backend=biber,%
style=numeric-comp,%
]{biblatex}
[8,3,1,7,2]  [1-3,7,8]
addbibresource[<options>]{resource}
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
\documentclass[11pt,english,a4paper]{article}
...
\addbibresource{library1.bib}
\addbibresource{library2.bib}
\addbibresource[location=remote]{http:// ...}
\addbibresource[datatype=bibtex]{<file name>}
\addbibresource[datatype=ris]{<file name>}
• (\bibliography{library1,library2})
• \begin{document}
Multiple bibliographies – 1
in the end of each chapter
\begin{document}
\chapter{...}
\begin{refsection}
...
\printbibliography
\end{refsection}
\chapter{...}
\begin{refsection}
...
\printbibliography
\end{refsection}
\end{document}
Multiple bibliographies – 2
in the end, subdivided by chapters
\begin{document}
option
overrides
header is
asthe
defined
TheThis
header
used
by this the
command
value by
of a
\chapter{...}
bibliography.
The value of It
subbibliography
might
global
variable: bibliography.
might be defined
by
\begin{refsection}
be defined as such:
...
\defbibheading{bibliography}[\bibname]{%
\defbibheading{subbibliography}{%
\end{refsection}
\chapter*{#1}%
\section*{References for Chapter %
\markboth{#1}{#1}}
\chapter{...}
\ref{refsection:\therefsection}}}
\begin{refsection}
...
\end{refsection}
\printbibheading
\printbibliography[section=1,heading=subbibliography]
\printbibliography[section=2,heading=subbibliography]
\end{document}
\printbibliography[<key=value,...>]
• section=<number> / heading=<name>
• title=<text>
• prenote=<name1>
– \defbibnote{<name1>}{<text>}
• postnote=<name2>
• type=<entrytype>
– type=books
• nottype=<entrytype>
– nottype=online
• keyword=<keyword>
• notkeyword=<keyword>
• ...
BibLaTeX documents
• BibLaTeX Manual
http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/biblatex/doc/biblatex.pdf
• Dag Langmyhr/Knut Hegna: Local guide to BibLaTeX
http://dag.at.ifi.uio.no/latex-links/biblatex-guide.pdf
• Knut Hegna: BibLaTeX - Course notes
http://tinyurl.com/ifibib (next week)
• LaTeX/Bibliography management
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Bibliography_Management
• LaTeX-books in the library
BibLaTeX hands-on courses
autumn 2015
• In Norwegian
– Onsdag
– Torsdag
26.aug / 16:15 – 19:00
27.aug / 16:15 – 19:00
• In English
– Friday
Aug 28th / 12:15 – 15:00
Sign up via http://tinyurl.com/ifibib
RefTeX for Emacs
RefTeX
RefTeX-2
RefTeX-meny
RefTex-søk
RefTeX-treffliste
RefTeX-cite
From Zotero to BibLaTeX
Exporting from Zotero to BibLaTeX
Export problems
• LaTeX commands in Zotero are not preserved
– Ex: \newline  {\textbackslash}newline
• No book/inbook logic exists
• Synchronizing bib file and Zotero:
– Zotero is the source
– A change in the bib-file must either be copied to Zotero or
be repeated with every following Zotero-to-bib export
• Identifiers/keys consistent from one export to the next?
– A hack version of the export algorithm lets you define your
own identifiers/keys
Flexibility
\printbibheading
\printbibheading[heading=myheadername]
In the preamble:
\defbibheading{<name>}[<title>]{<code>}
<name>
is a text string ("myheadername")
<title>
is a value passed to the <code>
<code>
is valid LaTeX coding
Example:
\defbibheading{myheadername}[My references]%
{\section*{#1}%
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{#1}}