ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL
FIELD NOTES
TECHNICAL
MANAGEMENT
DATA RETRIEVAL
INFORMATION
PROFESSIONAL
REPORTS
DEVELOPMENT
SYSTEM
7ý
VOLUME
An
NUMBER
5
iNotes
NOW-Field
Diamond Core
10
Drilling with Air-1977
Lvaluation
Island
Lake Creek Timber Culvert
Criminal Liability of the Field
Engineer
Washington
Office
News
FOREST SERVICE
MAY
1978
US
ý_ý
U.S.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
UýS
ENGINEERING
Volume
Information
FIELD
NOTES
Number
10
5
respon-sibility
of
the
cooperating
for
The
contained
United
in
this
has
publication
been developed
States
Federal
the
Department of Agriculture-Forest
and State agencies. The Department
interpretation or
use
for
Service
its
of Agriculture
of this information
of employees
guidance
by other than
its
own employees.
of trade firm or corporation
names in this publication is for the information
of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or
use
product
of others
The
that
may be
text in the
be construed
or policy
except
not
approval
States Department
as
represents
the
recommended
personal
of Agriculture
exclusively
opinions
or approved
Because
by FSM references.
and engineering
technicians
should
intended
and
to the exclusion
suitable.
publication
must not
engineers
by the United
or service
its
assumes no
convenience
of any
and
contractors
of the
read
of the respective
procedures
of material
type
each
issue
FOREST SERVICE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Washington
D.C. 20013
in
however
for engineers.
U.S.
mandatory
the
author and
instructions
publication
this
publication
all
is
DIAMOND
CORE
DRILLING
AN
WITH
AIR
-
1977
EVALUATION
Jim Northrup
Engineer/Geologist
Idaho Panhandle NF
Bob Hinshaw
Geotechnical and Materials
Engineer
Region
1
During the spring of 1977 Bob Hinshaw and Jim Northrup of Region 1
discussed the possibility and advantages of core drilling using air
instead
of water as a drill medium for subsurface investigations.
The
Wyoming and Montana highway departments had been using air in some coring
experience--100
His
operations and Northrup had used it in California.
percent core recovery with air in ground in which 60 to 70 percent
recovery was normal--was encouraging.
Northrup and Hinshaw agreed that
the 1977 drill season.
be evaluated during
the use of air should
project chosen for evaluation was the proposed Kelly Creek quarry on
St.
Maries Zone Idaho Panhandle National Forest the rock is highly
The quarry site had been partially drilled using
fractured diabase.
water during the 1976 field season and the results had been discouraging
With this kind of recovery
with generally less than 50 percent recovery.
to evaluate the quality of the site since
it was not
it was not possible
known if the lost material had been usuable or not.
The
the
1977 the Regional Office rented an Ingersoll-Rand 600-cfm
Four holes were drilled in the Kelly Creek site with
psi compressor.
a truck
mounted Mobile B-50 drill using air with a bentonite-detergent
foam.
The core barrels and bits were standard
types designed for use
with water.
Three holes were drilled at the same locations
which
core
had produced poor
The
first hole was cored with a
recovery in 1976.
BHR wireline core barrel the same size used in 1976. Two core barrels
were stuck in the first hole the remaining coring was done with NC size
The
the next larger size with no problems.
following is a summary of
In
July
120
the
results.
1
The
increased
core
recovery was impressive see
recovery in Hole lA drilled with air was
72 percent as compared to 51 percent with water
in Hole 2
the recovery was 73 percent with air as compared with 26
percent with water in Hole 3 the recovery was 92 percent with
air as compared with 51 percent with water.
This increase was
not merely the result of the larger core
as is shown by
the BHR recovery in Hole IA.
Coring with air and bentonite
Core
Recovery.
figures.
The
NC
1
foam
2
definitely resulted
recovery
and
thus
in a
significant increase
in core
evaluation of the materials source.
enabled
Core Bit Wear.
Part of the initial concern was the potential
increasing the wear of the diamond bit when drilling with
air.
In 1976 the average endurance distance of five bits
used with water was 31.6 feet 9.63 meters.
In 1977 the
average distance of one bit used with air was 48.5 feet
14.78 meters. Two other bits used with air were not worn
out after 20 feet
6.10 meters.
of
While the data is not sufficient to draw a final
bit wear
conclusion
when air is used appears to be less than that when water is used.
One
factor that would contribute to higher bit wear with water use is the
grounding up and
washing away of much of the material not recovered from
the water bit would have to cut more material than one
like the air bit that was getting better
recovery.
Also from the size
and amount of the cuttings obtained with air it
appears that air was
much more efficient in removing
from the hole.
cuttings
the
hole.
Thus
condi-tions
Diamond core drilling with air may be beneficial in certain situations
where water is not available
and
where difficult drilling
exist and core
recovery with water is poor.
The results of this
project are promising enough to warrant further use and evaluation.
Improvements may be possible in the future with the use of core barrels
and bits especially designed for use with air.
1
2
2
Air
BHR
Water
Wireline
5
Wireline
-
5
Inner
BHR
barrel
did not lock
10
10.
51
w
%
Average
w
72% Average
15
15
m
D
20
20
25
25
30
30
0
25
50
Percent
Figure
1.
of Core
HoZe
75
100
0
Recovery
No.
50
25
Percent
1A--Core
recovery
comparison
air
vs.
of Core
75
Recovery
water.
100
Air
NC
Water
Wireline
10
10
Y
ý
Wireline
5
5
E
BHR
M
7300
15
Average
o
o
26% Average
15
0
20-
20
25
25
30
0
50
25
of Core
Percent
Figure
2.
75
100
30
0
No.
2--Core
recovery
comparison
75
50
Percent
Recovery
Hole
25
air
vs.
of Core
Recovery
water.
100
Air
NC
Water
Wireline
5F-10
BHR
Wireline
5
10
92% Average
w
w
115
15
CL
51% Average
-
-
aai
D
O
vn
20
20
25
25
30
0
50
25
Percent
Figure
3.
of Core
HoZe
75
100
30
0
25
Recovery
No.
3--Core
50
Percent
recovery
comparison
air
vs.
of Core
water.
75
Recovery
100
ISLAND
Robert
LAKE
CREEK TIMBER
CULVERT
McDonald
H.
Glen
Inspector
R.
Anderson
Engineer
National Forest
III
Chippewa
Region
9
Project
Bridge constructed of native logs in the 1940s
had both an inadequate load capacity
and widthThere was no practical
the width of the log abutments or to determine their
method to increase
the decision was made to replace
the structure.
condition
therefore
The
Island
Lake
Creek
A cost analysis to compare materials and installation costs of concrete
structural plate and timber culverts revealed
the following
Installation Costs
Materials
Plate
Timber Box
Twin
$8400
Culvert
Box
Concrete
Structural
8236
Arch
Pipe
66681
Culvert
actual bid price for the timber culvert was
$8000 including the contractors overhead and
1The
profit.
A contract
to
remove
the bridge install the timber culvert change
channel and raise the road grade was awarded to N. E. Fallgren
on September 15
1976.
Laporte Minnesota
the
of
Construction
The
first
phase
of construction
100 feet
30.48 meters
channel
was
was
to
install
the
timber
culvert
about
north of the bridge.
Next the channel change
with a dragline to route the stream through the culvert.
was executed
The
old bridge was
removed and borrow was hauled to the site so the road
could
be graded.
Marsh material which was removed in excavating the new
as
deposited
in
the
old
channel
and
placed
on
the
road
slopes
topsoil.
was 18 inches
45.72 centimeters below the bottom
bottom of the excavation was sand.
Eighteen inches
45.72 centimeters of gravel fill was placed and compacted
to form the
Culvert
of
the
excavation
culvert.
The
6
for the culvert.
The bottom sections
of the culvert were placed on
The
sides and center wall were installed
gravel bed.
and held in
place with temporary bracing and the top of the structure was lowered
into the walls fig. 1.
The floor wall and top sections were made of
laminated pieces
that dovetailed.
bed
the
in-stalled
Because
the
contractor
was careful to assure that
all parts were
major problems were encountered in the
culvert assembly.
It
is very important on a structure of this type to
have a perfectly solid and level bed.
The walls must be held in a true
The backfill must be brought
vertical position.
up equally on the sides
to assure that the pressures are equal
and there are no distortions.
level
and
vertical
no
Conclusion
Island Lake
Creek timber culvert project was very successful
and the
structure blended nicely with the landscape
In
addition
to
fig. 2.
the treated
being the most economical alternative
timber culvert also
met land management objectives.
Other
timber culvert installations on
The
the
have
use as spillways
Chippewa
including
been equally successful.
on small wildlife impoundments
rt
My
It
Figure
1.
and groove joints and scrap
used to hold section in place
Tongue
7
lumber
are
surroundings.
Culvert Timber Creek
Lake
8
its complements
Island completed The
2.
Figure
oa
CRIMINAL
LIABILITY
OF
THE
FIELD ENGINEER
Reprinted from Engineering Issues
October 1977 pages 287-289
with
the
American
permission of
Society
of Civil
Engineers.
tribu-lations
following article documents the trials and
of a State Department of Transportation engineer.
He was a Resident Engineer on a construction job on
which a serious accident occurred.
Because he was
the states representative
he became embroiled in a
The
In
costly and frustrating legal battle.
Forest Service
of increased ZegaZ activism
engineers should be informed and aware of and alert
totheir potential personal involvement in
accidents.
The old saying Safety is
everybodys
business takes
on added dimensions
when personal liability may be involved.
prolonged
this
age
constru-tion-related
--Heyward T.
Assistant
Technological
9
Taylor
Director
Improvements
OCTOBER
13265
1977
CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF THE FIELD ENGINEERa
By
Lunch
was always
time
Jr. as an
lunch with
a
oiler
apprentice
Mass. for Francis Germain
good time in Worcester
he would shut the crane down and take off for
ironworkers
the
M. ASCE
Richards
Frederick
his
father
and their fascinating
high
of the
tales
steel.
On
end
the
16 1968
April
a
applied
1145 a.m. Mr. Germain Sr.
it on the fixed end
rested
at
8 dropped
2-ton 1814-kg
No.
Span
girder for
strain to the
crane
At 1235 p.m. Resident
Horan heard
Engineer John R.
bridge
first
upon the expansion
13608-kg
girder locked
it
a
roar
terrific
coming
Bridge at Southbridge Street. He left his field office and observed
the beams had collapsed
traffic.
Fire A
under the lunchtime vehicular
from
the
that
2000-gal 7.6-m3 gasoline tank
were trapped in the holocaust.
to
15-ton
and climbed downfor lunch.
the
lifted
the
rescue
beams
additional
victims
trapped
fell
was burning and some vehicles and drivers
truck
Horan saw two
when suddenly
entombing
the already
of the contractors
was
there
a
men
second
entrapped victims
attempting
roar
large
with
along
their
intended rescuers.
The
final
dead
eight
of
toll
the
which
disaster
And
seriously injured.
took
then
it
less
was
than 5 min to develop
three
over But not for the Resident
R. Horan
of Public Works-John
Engineer for the Department
than 15000 other resident engineers
connected with
had
shown
simply
Highway
control
work
with
of
resident
as
Mr.
but merely monitor
operation
Horan knew
Horan have no
the
work
this
and knew that
to
assure
The
by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
by the lateral buckling of the unsupported compression
and could have been avoided
by torsion of the section
as proscribed
accompanied
of erection
by the employment
realized
that
erection
an
operation
Note.
-Discussion
a written request
paper
such
engineers
was characterized
flange
of
industry
the Worcester
day on his highway project
of the American
Association
of State
that
and specifications.
the plans
more
like
Handbook
states that
methods
the
was the policy
failure
for
Construction
Officials
over
conformance
this
up
The
Expressway.
who
the construction
is
procedures
area
open
must be
for
which
of the
American
he was
not
responsible
March 1 1978. To extend the
until
with the Editor
filed
part of the copyrighted
Proceedings
procedures compatible with the design. Horan
were listed in the general category
of methods
Engineering
Society of
Civil
of
closing
thus
date
Publications
Professional
Issues-Journal
Engineers
and
Vol.
he would
one
of Professional
103 No.
month
ASCE. This
Activities
E14 October
1977.
a
Presented
Exposition
Assoc.
at
held
Civ.
the September
at
Philadelphia
Engr. N.Y.
27-October
Pa. Preprint
State Dept.
1 1976 ASCE Annual
of Transportation
287
10
Convention
2761.
Rochester
N.Y.
and
OCTOBER
288
1977
Common-wealth
be involved
not
in the criminal
The
Involved
sought
system
of Massachusetts
He
Involved
alone
He
upon
was ensnared
in the sea of
or
He
liability.
to
civil
proceedings.
the entire
responsibility of the
rest
his fragile shoulders.
entrapped implicated and finally submerged
was prosecuted
by a vigorous Attorney General.
at the inquest.
He was indicted by the Grand jury on
in Superior
Court by Judge
manslaughter. He was arraigned
John M. Noonan. He became personally responsible for $27750 in legal expenses.
And according to Horan he suffered many personal and other hardships due
was
three
to
interrogated
counts
the
And
of
proceedings for a period in excess of five years.
then it was over John R. Horan was found not
by a directed
to
happened
of
verdict
of
a resident
Worcester
the
who
engineer
showed
simply
of anything
could this have
guilty
How
Court.
Superior
up
work
for
on the day
a disaster
They
And
did
it
did
they
Center
ASCE
Engineering
And
after the collapse
it
Crossroads Va.
Baileys
did
they
Nov.
they are
they will
construction
at
Skyline
and injuring 34 others Civil
workers
of
collapse
New
the
and Chronicle
Bushnells Basin Democrat
And
And
14
1975.
after the
it
tower under
of a
killing
York
doing it in Alabama.
do it whenever an engineering
State
Canal
Barge
at
30 1974.
October
disaster
and a resident
occurs
can be found.
engineer
Who are they According to the former New York State assistant District Attorney
Vincent P. Mitrano Monroe County
they are the ones who will not explicitly
define the responsibilities of the resident engineer
in the contract
documents.
These
some
are
fat
the
politicians
themselves
protected
the hardships
The
who
others
from
that
under
$45000
to
the Discretionary
79
Digest
are associated
engineers
chief
$25000
and who
with
this
engineers
district
salary
who
range
are
Rule
Transportation
are absolutely
immune from
liability.
person in the queue after the fat cats is the resident engineer
becomes
for the disaster and is indicted
and thus shoulders
responsible
full
THE
SOLUTION
Massachusetts
a statement
that
the resident
resident
to
specifically
Alfano
so that
at
financial
burden
along
state
officials
from
enacted
the state
of
Public
with
OF OFFICERS
shall save
from financial
by
also
resident
have a moral
loss
and
should
engineer
AND EMPLOYEES
loss
and
the other hardships.
harmless
engineer
and mentions
title.
financial
least the
hierarchy.
The Hearing Examiner Commonwealth
Works each contract should contain
Alfano
defines the responsibilities of the resident
engineer
INDEMNIFICATION
J.
Department
engineer
According
The
inverted triangle for the engineering
responsibility of the
According to Domenico
the
the
next
the
of
in
liability
Board R.R.D.
Research
all
cats commissioners
and
OF THE
will
The
11
insist
not
that
have
following
to
to
protect
legislation
carry
form
is
the
be
full
suggested.
STATE
indemnify
a-ising out of
responsibility
all
officers
any claim demand
and
employees
suit or
of
judgment
LIABILITY
by reason of alleged negligence
that such officer or employee
or other act
at
the time
289
by such officer or employee provided
were sustained was acting
damages
of his duties
and within
the scope
of his employment
and
discharge
such damages
did not result from the willful and wrongful act or gross
of such officer or employee McKinneys
Consolidated
Laws of New
negligence
York Annotated
Public Officers
Law 17.
in
the
that
CONCLUSION
Certainly
before
the
the
time to enact
disaster.
The
time
legislation beneficial
to
act
is
to
the resident
engineer
is
now
1.1
12
ia
WASHINGTON
CONSULTATION
OFFICE
AND
NEWS
STANDARDS
Walter E. Furen
Assistant Director
PLANNED
REVISION OF 1977 ROAD AND BRIDGE
CONSTRUCTION
SPECIFICATIONS
facili-tate
thor-oughly
The
1977 Forest Service General Provisions and Standards Specifications
for Construction of Roads and Bridges were quickly developed to
implementation of Section 14i of the National Forest Management
Act small business road option.
from the outset that the specifications would be
reviewed and updated as soon as practical.
The updated version
expected to be available for field use by August 1 1979.
It was
intended
is
A standing committee has been appointed to ensure that the necessary
information is gathered evaluated
and incorporated into the revision.
1978 committee members will have secured documented
By September 1
suggestions
from
such
sources
as
External Sources
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Timber industry representatives
organizations
Testing laboratories performing tests required by specifications
Federal Agencies
American Road and Transportation Builders
Association
Contractors
Material suppliers and manufacturers
Other
interest
National Forest users
including
special
groups
A.G.C.
such
as sportsmen conservationists
concerned
with road
recreationists
environmentalists
and
specifications.
Internal Sources
2.
Contracting Officers from Administrative
Timber Sales Admninistration Officers
3.
Fiscal
1.
4.
and Accounting
Resource Specialists
Management
13
persons
Services
involved
with claims
slash disposal roadside vegetation
a.
Fire Management
b.
developing water supplies etc.
Range Management fencing cattleguards
specifica-tions
d.
e.
Fish
c.
etc.
excavation
developing water supplies structures
and Wildlife structures drainage clearing
grubbing
roadside revegetation etc.
developing water supplies
7.
Engineers - preconstruction
construction
Certified ERs CORs and Inspectors
Office of General Council
8.
Other
5.
6.
staff
Committee members
Wilson
Leland Fansher
information are
seeking
Address
Service USDA
Federal Building
Missoula MO 59801
Forest
Walt
Forest
Service USDA Engineering Staff
8th Avenue P.O. Box 25127
8-234-4892
CO
80225
Service USDA
- 25th
Ogden
Engineering
Staff
8-474-2417
8-586-6251
Street
UT
84401
8-415-825-2245
Service USDA GME
Morello Drive
Pleasant Hill CA 94523
Forest
Forest
Service USDA
319
Pine
SW
Portland
Bruce Medford
Phone
i
Service USDA Engineering Staff
Federal Building 517 Gold Avenue SW.
NM
87102
Albuquerque
Forest
Gerry Vossenkemper
follows
West
Harry Gillette
Austin Thompson
as
8-585-3308
Lakewood
324
etc.
Engineering Staff
Forest
11177
Brooks
material
appropriate
as
Member
Earl
seeding
etc.
Recreation roadside treatments signing etc.
Watershed and water planning
erosion control
groups
OR
Street
Service USDA
Peachtree Road
Atlanta
GA
9800
Engineering
P.O.
Box
Staff
8-423-2409
Staff
8-257-3367
3623
97208
Forest
1720
Lab
30309
14
Engineering
NW
Committee members continued
Member
Ken Thompkins
Address
Service USDA Engineering
West Wisconsin Ave.
Forest
633
Milwaukee
Tom Williams
Jack
Sundt
DAngelo
53203
Service USDA Engineering Staff
Office Building
P.O.
1628
99802
Juneau AK
Service USDA
Federal Building
Forest
Forest
Forest
P.O.
Services
Staff
8-585-3580
Admin.
Services
Staff
8-235-8165
59801
2417
DC
20013
DC
20013
Service USDA
Box
8-247-4051
2417
Washington
P.O.
7267
Admin.
Service USDA
Box
Forest
MO
Service USDA
Box
Washington
Bud Unruh
8-362-1370
907-586-Federal
P.O.
Ben Carson
WI
Staff
Forest
Missoula
Dario
Phone
Engineering Staff
8-235-9843
2417
Washington
DC
20013
Inputs from persons who have been working with the 1977 specifications in
will be especially valuable for
preparing and administering contracts
the identification of errors and problem areas.
All interested parties
invited
to
submit
to
committee
members.
A format similar
are
suggestions
to
the following is desirable.
15
To
Comments and
on
Recommendations
1977
Forest Service General Provisions and Standard Specifications
for Construction of Roads and Bridges
Submitted
Date
by
Section No.
Page No.
Title
Paragraph
No.
Line No.
Present Text
Recommended
Reasons
16
Sentence No.
Reads
Text
OPERATIONS
Harold
L.
Assistant
IMPROVING
main formal
Strickland
Director
OUR CONGRESSIONAL CORRESPONDENCE
communication
conducting our
author reviewer
a personal responsibility
to
the reader
for the quality and content
of each letter.
Everyone you
write to deserves the best regardless of who they are or what position
Letters are
business.
they
the
Each
and
tool
used
in
signer has
hold.
increasing amount of Congressional correspondence reaching the
or as final drafts
Washington Office either as information copies
lack
of
attention
to
and
review.
shows a
writing editing
An
Here are
examples
some
Example
1
-- Letter
to
a Senator-February
6
1978
A design was prepared and a project agreement..negotiated..
1978 for repair of the bridge.
on September 30
High
work
water prevented
on the bridge last fall and repairs
were to be delayed until late this spring when the water
lowers.
Obviously
meant the
there
is
a date
project agreement
error
will
paragraph unless the writer
be negotiated...on September 30 1978.
in
this
January thaw and heavy rains again inundated
bridge beneath over five feet of water causing
further shifting of piers and finally a break in the
The
recent
the
superstructure.
The paragraph could be revised to read
The January thaw
and heavy rains
caused further shifting of the piers and a break in the deck making the
bridge impassable.
It
130
is anticipated
feet plus
or
that
the
minus
new
long
structure will be approximately
anticipate proposing
...W
replacement... in Fiscal Year 1980... since repair of the
present structure will not solve the problems with the low
water structure.
The last paragraph of the example is difficult to follow and not very
meaningful. A suggested revision is
17
approxi-mately
a new structure
situation
long will be proposed for funding in
Fiscal Year 1980 since repairing the present structure
will not prevent flooding damage.
correct
To
130
Example
the
feet
-- Letter to
2
a
Congressman-February
6
1978
we have no authority to snowplow roads for
the
private residences living on private land along
However
First of
all residences
suggested
revision for this
do not
sentence
is
live
the
along
road.
A
we have no authority to snowplow roads for private
the road.
whose homes are located
along
However
citizens
Example
homes
road.
-- Letter to
3
a Congressman-November
There are approximately 500
miles
roads
privately
State
lane usually unsurfaced
and
owned
and
9
1977
of National Forest
which are narrow one
capable
of
only
low
travel
speeds.
Roads
could
are immovable facilities
be revised to read
There are
and
approximately 500
State and privately-owned
lane usually unsurfaced
are
miles
roads
and
incapable of
speed
The sentence
of National Forest
which are narrow one
designed
only
for
low-speed
traffic.
from Congressional
They were taken
examples.
Line
and two were
was
a
Officer
signed
by
Regional
correspondence
that
of these
Line
Officers.
We
are
also
aware
some
Forest
signed
by
in
the
exist
in
which
Washington
correspondence
originates
same problems
We
make
did not
up
these
one
Office.
harder to ensure that our correspondence is readable
Review what you write
Ask yourself if you would
understandable.
if
face-to-face.
Remember that the
the
same
words
were
use
you
talking
not more confusion.
reader
is looking for information or answers
We
all must work
and
if
will request a brief statement
Congressmen and Senators
with
book.
Make
the
statement
with
a
brief
respond
respond
so
Be factual and be positive.
the information that is being
requested.
and
unalbe to find it say so.
do
not
know
the
are
If you
answer
you
be
in
our
various
sure that our correspondence
We are specialists
fields
Frequently
do
not
indicates
this.
18
TO READERS OF
FIELD NOTES
INVITATION
Every reader
author of an
potential
a
is
article
for
Field Notes.
If
you have
news
a
item or
accu-rate
short
you would
article
in
publication
Field
submitted
Material
to share
like
with
Service
we
engineers
Notes.
to
the
Office
Washington
be reviewed
should
publication
for
to send
you
invite
it
for
by the
Washing-ton
respective
Office
Regional
informative and
submitted may
however
short articles
Field
is
the
number
of
Washington
Each
short
to
7113.
The
length
of
pages
typewritten
several
submitted to the
material
All
should
illustrations
Washington
Forests and Forest
copies
FSM
sentences
items are preferred.
all
current timely technically
Service-wide
engineers
several
is
be
original
drawings
or
sent
Manager
Office directly
Service
or the
to your office.
retirees.
Regional
to
all
you
If
Information
Copies of back issues
Regional
are not
are
Station and
currently
on the
Coordinator to increase
also
from the
available
Office.
Region
questions
information
photos.
your Office
ask
list
to
from
distributed from the
Area Headquarters
mailing
or news
and white
Notes
vary
the
be typed double-spaced
should
black
glossy
that
of interest
material
Office
to see
has
an
Information
Coordinator to
and material for publication.
R-1
Melvin
R-2
Royal
R-3
Juan
Coordinators
Dittmer
R-4
M. Ryser
R-5
Gomez
should
direct
The
whom
Coordinators
Kjell
R-8
Bob Bowers
Bakke
concerning
personnel
Forest
Engineering
Fred Hintsala
R-10
F.
WO
format editing
Staff
Washington
Rm. 1108 RP-E
L.
Rome
D.C.
20013
or Rita E. Wright
Telephone Area Code 703-235-8198
W.
Baxandall
Al Colley
publishing dates
Service
Attn Gordon
P.O. Box 2417
submit both
R-9
problems to
USDA
should
are
Ted Wood
Jim McCoy
R-6
questions
field
and other