ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL
FIELD
INFORMATION
NOTES
DATA
TECHNICAL
REPORTS
CURRENT
RETRIEVAL
AWARENESS
SYSTEM
71
L
111116-
PP_
REVISED
Notes
ield
Concrete Crib Check
Collins
A
Note
TEXTS
Dams
Computer Programs
to Users
Hewlett-Packard
Model
65 Calculator
Washington Office Engineering News
FOREST SERVICE
JUNE
1975
tpEST SERVq
WOF
U.S.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
fogW
SEgyq
EMra
ENGINEERING FIELD NOTES
This
publication
among
The
Forest
text
This
The
and
Because
publication
of
the
is
not
not
Department
Department
interpretation
exchange
to
published
technical or administrative
is
the
type
of
of
as
nature
of
opinions
material
should
the
in
read
the
recommended
or
by
FSM
publication
all
or policy except
instructions
each
issue
however
exclusively for engineers.
published
for distribution to
Service and
this
no
assumes
Agriculture
use
personal
construed
of Agriculture-Forest
of
or
be
technicians
intended
newsletter
monthly
U.S.
a
represents
must
and engineering
engineers
the
publication
procedures mandatory
references.
this
the
author
respective
newsletter
and ideas of
Service personnel.
in
approved
monthly
a
is
information
engineering
information
employees of
its
retirees
by
other
only.
for
responsibility
than
its
the
own
employees.
The
use
of trade firm or corporation
convenience
evaluation
any product
of
the
reader.
conclusion
or service
Such
use
names
is
does
not
recommendation
to
the exclusion
for
the information
constitute
endorsement
of others
or
an
approval
which may be
and
official
of
suitable.
clam. check
crib
Concrete
1.
Figure
The
editorial
of the
Concrete
of June
Check Dams
Crib
and production
serious editorial
issue
of the Engineering Field Notes
staff
article
errors.
1975 and replace
it
with
published
You
June 1975
the
in
and readers
to the author
apologizes
to destroy
are requested
for the
issue
your original
revision.
this
CONCRETE CRIB CHECK DAMS
Robert M. Gallup
Engineer
Civil
San Dimas Equipment Development
Center
BACKGROUND
A
line
hardly
from a recent
Top 40 song goes It
months
During the winter
ever.
greater Los Angeles
area. Heavy
have long plagued the
ask
who were
the
folks
from the San Gabriel
denuded the mountain slopes of vegetation
down
surged
covered
from the
houses
to their
check damsl were
from another
the European
in
Their
County
California in
technique
during floods
in
Dam
techniques
deposited.
Concrete Crib
cribs
to
Dam
form
or bays
and
streets
in
The
1940s
mud and
debris
and
basins
about 40 concrete
crib
for
flow.
the
mountain
stabilizing
Mountains
local
of Los Angeles
mountains
of these
majority
work
research
dam
was constructed
elevation of a channel bottom.
- a gravity
are then filled
Just
1968
in
and Glendora was protected
Gabriel
dams
the
were
dams
failed
on debris soil
was carried out by the Forest Service Region 5. As
causes
rectangular
in
following
fires
debris
heavy sediment
rocks.
early
Brush
rains
incident
stabilized
with
check
In the
arch check
- controls the
channel bottom
manner
were
erosion
Originally
part of this effort a concrete
the
this
Alps check dams were used
1932 and 1938.
mud reduction
sewers
overflowing
was brought to the San
1915.
Mountains
1969.
during February
of rock and wire or of stacked
constructed
lCheck
land
February
in
Following
Runoff channels
massive
streams.
rock
roof tops.
built.
sudden
For centuries
mountains
uncommon
communities of Los Angeles County.
foothill
Glendora
in
living
periodic heavy rains are not
runoffs
winter storms
rains in Southern California well
never
downcutting
dam
constructed
parallelpipeds
with
in
rock or
the Angeles National
prevents
where
of reinforced
which are called
soil.
1
It
channels
in
the eroding
debris
is
beams placed
cribs
or
bays.
of
being
in.
a
These
Forest
in
1942.
The dam
stores
It is 83 feet
3800 feet of the Arroyo Seco Canyon.
high stabilizing
about one million cubic yards of debris and has a benefit-cost ratio of
101
since removal of sediment from debris basins
cubic
yard.
The Coon Canyon
Mechanical
These
lined
streams
gravity
dams
concrete
A
concrete
1974.
This
project was
District
dam
check
Los Angeles
20-year
Control
crib
dams
1
fig.
and the
fans at the mouths
debris
results
removed
to
From the
as
1950.
in
were monitored.
of this project
findings
the best structure.
Forest
Angeles National
Service
areas
residential
$10.5
costing
Pasadena
Forest
million.
Water
flowing from the canyons
storm sewers
channels
La
Altadena
San Gabriel Mountains they are
of the
lined
in
check dams built
crib
of canyons.
prevent
finished
dams metal bin check dams
crib dams and others.
As a part
concrete
USDA
the Los Angeles
River
Watershed
Canada and Sunland border the edge
the
was
and the
Project was begun
In
alluvial
about $1 per
costs
1954 and completed in
program between the Los Angeles County Flood
a cooperative
LACFCD
the valley
program
check
was chosen
Watershed
River
Region 5. There were 365 concrete
on
pilot
cement
soil
arch
a
constructed
156 structures were constructed.
of the pilot project
the
devices were
stabilization
included
concrete
Stabilization Project
in
and
built
must have
streets
from
becoming filled and overflowing. Debris is removed from the flows by debris basins
and check dams. Figures
2 and 3 are sketches
of a channel before
and after
of a check
construction
Debris
basins
store the
dam.
must be periodically emptied
debris which
the
disposal areas diverting
debris-free
water
into spreading
ground water storage. Check dams store debris
which forms behind a check
erosion.rate
from these walls
A
or Unstable
basic
segment
Angeles
they
The
are filled.
canyon
debris cone
walls and reduces
4..
Streams
when
designing
stable or
unstable.
consideration
reach
River
downcutting
fig.
until
as a buttress to the
acts
hauled to
for recharging
CHECK DAMS
DESIGNING
Stable
dam
and
basins
is
is
Watershed
halted
Project
was
and bank erosion
a
dam
The
that
is
is
to
determine
definition of stability
state
of channel
if
a channel
used
regime
reduced to an absolute
at
in
or
the
which
a
Los
all
minimum.2
Inter-Agency
2Ferrell
in
W.
Barr 1963. Criteria and Methods for Use of Check Dams
Channel Banks and Beds LACFCD. Presented at Federal
R. and W.
Stabilizing
Sedimentation
R.
Conference
Jackson
2
Mississippi
January 1963.
/
ý
dam. check
crib
concrete
X.
3
a of construction
SILL
CRIB
ý%
after Channel
CHECK
CRIB
3.
Figure
CONCRETE
CONE DEBRIS
EAMBED
-
AýlI
FAP
-
CONCRETE
DAM
i-
ý
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MMA
tr
rii
STR NATURAL
\
AFTER
dam. check
/
crib
f
/
/
aý
r
concrete
a of construction
/
/
x
1r
before
Channel
-
2.
Figure
/ý
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/
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ýýIllislri
AAr
A.IAýr.
JNwhlbrhA
j
3
V111
l
BEFORE
.sod
Qp.io deaf
a
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ya apgw.wsun
uy-Yop
p qj
f puuI3q
Quo
suq
r ofi
au41k074ujo
p
jn
steep mountain
In very
streams the presence
bottom and on the canyon walls
debris debris
unstable
stream.
conditions
LACFCD determines
and cleanout
conducted
records.
research
LACFCD
soil
further evidence
evidence
are
grades
of
of
an
with an absence of rock
of instability
is
the dry
by gravity and wind fig. 5.
in
The
Forest
dam
rates from
debris production
Dimas Experimental Forest
San
Service
and debris production
erosion
and debris basin surveys
rates.
These
the
in
rates
also
Los
cubic yards per square mile per year.
range from 1000 to 9000
in debris production
after
the check
value
of
37
reduction
uses a
percent
River
Angeles
Large quantities
and Reduction Rates
Production
Debris
A
of instability.
of loose soil on hillsides caused
erosion
The
considered
stream
the
in
outcrops
a stable condition.
movement and steep channel-bottom
Loose sloughing steep canyon walls of
are also
outcrops
is
of solid-rock
basin
dams have become
filled
with
debris. This
figure
percentage
is
only used for
channel
segments that have check dams.
Cones
Debris
Debris
-
including
boulders rocks
soil
mud and
stored behind the check dams. Unlike a pond
the
channel
been
verified
cone
is
in profiles
taken of channels
is
which
the Los Angeles
in
but fluctuates
at
the
River
side channel
and
the upper end.
The
Figure
of
the
dam
Alps and has
basin.
background
upper end
from a check dam which is further downstream.
a
in
being
gradient of
0.7 of the original
in
up
behind a
lies level
from projects
was obtained
0.7 value
very stable at the spillway
foreground
Site
6. The
fig.
cone
debris
of water
of the debris cone forms a gradient which
the surface
- end
other substances
a
debris
7 shows a
debris
cone
Selection
Factors
at
directly
dam
for
not be directed
debris cones
will
so that
construction
end
cost
selecting the height
and spillway
for different
size
debris
flow
site
include
lines
fit
are
found
the
channels
spillway heights. Although
good
storage
also
stability
rate and
flow
should
lines
site
and
locations
debris
be considered
selection.
5
ground
not flow
from the
walls.
the
this
of the
in
profile
shows where
spillway heights
most economical
reduction
and determining the economics
should
channel segment
measured
be normal to the dam. Flow discharging
toward the canyon
good foundations
debris cones
dam
For example the upstream flow
an abutment but should
After sites with
varied
of visible
a good foundation.
should
a
selecting
direction
profiles
stability
when
consider
to
channel
must
dam
turn
be
size
the
may be
of
considered.
dam
In
the channel flow rate
relates
back
to the
site
auoa sugap
v Jo pua
iaddn puv
9
vam
apzs v
uz
A
auos sugap
v
L
aartkai
3
ro
a
r
gtM.
yaaga pu2qq
p21
of
si7j
dtflf
jaýaipmn L
p
v
-
azoa
Eldgaa
-
9
ý
nrticv
f
alVnp
a n
V
n3tytj
al
Dam
The
Size
wall and
cutoff
economical
maximum
was 27
feet
to the top
flow
Spillway
CLH
rate
water
through
flowing
a
Sills
and
Sills
are used to prevent
from the dams
five
Los
bays
through
River
Angeles
thick.
cribs
strength
of
top
flowing
equal
of the
plus the water
is
3000
reduce
depth
psi
and
based3
is
in
3.0
Figure
for
9 shows
Sills
stilling
are located
to
pools
downstream
plus 18 feet.
on a stable pool
the spillway
datum base
a bearing
of one third of the
hd. The
hs
1/3
for computing
elevation of
the elevation of the
Cobble rock
bearing
fill
dam. The native
dumped
stress
3- to 12-inch
soil
in
the length
sill.
after
certain
The
psi.
blocks
heights
with
a compressive
reinforcing
steel
called pillow blocks
reached
are
they
is
are
are placed
points.
stone
is
dumped
into
some
bays
to provide
fill
for
the
and rock from the channel are dumped into other bays. Cobble
the front end
and center two bays to decrease
hydrostatic
free
applied
of the
3Criteria taken
of 750
strength
particularly on the abutments.
two bays allowing
Pneumatically
for concrete
deformed bars. Small concrete
stretchers next to column
pressures
and to provide
over the spillways.
to spillway height
sill
the
dam
of the
slabs and cutoff walls are designed
intermediate-grade
to
formula
C
of
of 10 fps.
velocity
weir
general
value
a
Design
Concrete
between
approach
undercutting
of water
elevation of the
Structural
the
using
by using
spillway.
the bottom of the cutoff wall
for
and was
spillway
dam
of a crib
the
in
the
is
single double
cross section
constructed
computed
an assumed
distances
at
spillway height
is
of the
cost
Pools
Stilling
dissipate the energy
rock
dam
The most
dam.
crib
construction
8 shows the cross section
crib
are
capacities
weirs with
used
of the
These capacities are computed
3/2
broad-crested
The
of
standpoint
for the configuration
height
high
for a low or high
size
the
Size
Spillway
Q
same
dam from
crib
bays of the dam. Figure
The highest concrete
spillway.
basin
a
spillway
triple etc.
the
of
size
slab are the
drainage
concrete
dam
through
gunite
is
A
cone
cobble
the
center
is
placed
of the
dam.
shot onto the top
to form a protective crest.
Gunite
of the cobble-filled
is
also shot onto the
from Corps of Engineers recommendations on
7
behind the center
stilling
pools.
cribs
bank
spillway.
a through
8
flowing
darn crib a of section
STREAMBED
NATURAL
Water
Cross
8.
9.
Figure
Figure
SLAB
WALL CUTOFF
-BATTER
RUCrIOpj
RAMP
AY
CoIVSr
IPCF
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ýfPSTCEA.IVI
RljCr
rION
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Y DivSr8A
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DEBRIS
7lll/O
C.
FINAL.
SSSLc71O\
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C
I
IC n
T
between
dam
the
on the spillway
and the
section
low-flow
down
the crest
reduces
it
3 inches
is
by the size
governed
is
thick
except
of the boulders
that
the channel.
into the
built
is
the
cutoff wall.
of the
concrete
to
erosion
abutments
the
where the thickness
crest
can be moved down
A
and onto
sill
This
low flows
keeps
members
crib
of gunite
a curtain
spillway with
the center
in
the area of continuous
in
from
extending
dam
of the
and
flow.
Economy
Benefit-cost
cubic
dollar values
of cubic
and acre-foot of water conservation
yard
with
storage
the
cost
and maintenance. Other benefits might be fisheries conservation
construction
soil
are determined by comparing
ratios
yard of debris reduction
and obtaining
and vegetation
more usable
by
land
to assign to these benefits and thus
values are difficult
preventing
of
of top
Dollar
gullying.
are not included.
CONSTRUCTING CHECK DAMS
Access
Access
usually
is
Channel-bottom
roads
require
canyon.
These access
little
disturbance
revegetated
to
from other
the
than
blend
the natural
the work
to
The
construction.
e.g.
road that
Some
barrier
a
and constructed
roads should then
A
structure.
uppermost
after
bottom
channel
surroundings.
of the
the
cones
be carefully located
roads should
with
bottom
debris
the
to the terrain as possible.
may undo
constructed
by
covered
are
access
canyons
channel
the
in
provided
to cause
be obliterated
is
in
as
and
poorly located
or
program.
stabilization
Foundation
Frequent blasting
may be
is
required
raised or lowered
changing the
design
in
for slabs and the cutoff walls.
the excavation
a foot or two depending
of the
dam
to eliminate
on the height
rock
excavation
of the
dam
A dam
without
or to obtain
a better
When
occurs
foundation.
Cutoff
walls are excavated
the cutoff wall
to
is
notched
get good ties into the
6 feet
into
deep unless rock
the rock.
abutting
is
encountered.
this
Frequently the ends of the cutoff are blasted
canyon
walls.
Concrete
Sills
Cutoff
cutoff
walls
walls and
members.
Figure
crib
members
and slabs are constructed
slabs are allowed
10 shows
to cure
reinforcing
shows the reinforced concrete
crib
for three days
bars being placed
members.
9
of reinforced
prior to
in
the
placing
slab and
concrete.
the
Figure
crib
11
b_ers.
10
merr concrete of Dimensions
-
11.
Figure
STRETCHER
HEADER
CHAMFER
o
Y-
4
construction. during slab
main
in
placed
steel
Reinforcing
-
10.
Figure
4
E
Lu
dý
c
Placing
Cribs
and
Cribs are placed
filled in
13.
is
4-foot
This
placed
distance
Fill
to form bays
high
prevents
between
lifts.
the
the end bays
built
filled
placed
on
a
with
in
cobble
the
batter
rock
Capping the
or native
behind the
lifts
fig.
8
from
fill.
dam
bay of cribs
is
feet
wide
sliding.
placed
a slab
above the
They are
figs.
and the canyon walls to form abutments.
abutment and another
called a step slab fig.
fig.
cribs
is
between the bay and the canyon wall becomes 6
top of the concrete
After the
and are
Backfill
is
12 and
Concrete
When
the
placed
slab.
This
on
is
14.
Dam
dam
has
been erected a gunite
cap
15.
11
is
applied
to
the crest
and the abutments
bay. first the
AI
12
placed been has roe. Cobble
13.
Far
Figure
Fly
i
ý---
r
.1
Construction
ae
ýitln
13
of step
Coýr
slab.
FORT COLLINS COMPUTER PROGRAMS
Transportation
Group
Analysis
Region 5
The Timber Transport Model
the model can be used
for
now
is
in
small analysis problems
A
large network analysis applications.
to
has been sent to
the system
instructions
The complete
Instructions
include
access
brief listing
Regional
know
people
a small cost as well as for the
of directions
This
Offices.
Network
the
printout
TAG
User Guide.
Analysis
access
for
to be used in place
is
of the
will
be
a few months.
1 in
programs are now on the Ft. Collins computer.
have been sent to all Regions. These programs are described in
Handbook
Traffic Surveillance
data
storage
The
flow history.
traffic
of
at
field
traffic-surveillance
for
the manuscript
They
1
new Chapter
a
publishing
Chapter
in
all
As many
use at Ft. Collins.
computerized
in
Ft.
and a variety
of computerized
formulations
statistical
This
Collins.
sent to all Forests
contained
enables
a
in
of
variety
August of 1973.
in
graphic
the
about
printouts
Handbook have been
and
sampling
precision
alternatives to be rapidly investigated to determine the best sampling method
for
the
job.
A NOTE TO USERS OF THE HEWLETT-PACKARD MODEL
65
CALCULATOR
Michael O. Brown
Cadastral
Engineer
Region
The
field
H.P. 00115B and
angle
are supplied
by Hewlett-Packard
the
in
4
bearing
their survey
HP
00116A traverse programs that
PAC-1 give erroneous area solutions.
starting-coordinates.
The magnitude
of
the
error
is
Certain closure errors can cause
cases
this
might cause
discrepancy
form of
method
in
their
notification.
of reaching
solution
to
the
bearing
or
distance
method
it
Meanwhile
it
seemed that FIELD
individuals
who might be
problem
is
field-angle entry
to
erratic
program and
aware of the possible problems that
A
some
the
for
calculate area.
assumed
that
the
they
has
will
NOTES
of
size
been
follow
In some
notified
up with
would be an
these programs
using
the
solutions.
acreage
Hewlett-Packard
serious problems.
is
to
proportional
directly
of the
some
effective
without
being
exist.
following
course
See
program.
direction
figs.
14
1
It
and
and 2.
gives
uses
the
the
option
of either
double-meridian
HP 65
HP-65 User
Instructions
Page
BRG.
QUAD.
FIELD I
INPUT
ENTER
PROGRAM
2
ENTER
STARTING
NORTH COORDINATE
3
ENTER
STARTING
EAST
4
ENTER
BEARING
BRG
4a
ENTER
BEARING
QUAD
Note
The
bearing
of
continue
5
IF
the
at
COORDINATE
used
course of
first
Step
is
as a reference
the
traverse
NORTH
BEGINNING
QUADRANT
bearing entered
bearing.
then
skip
to
If this
is
also
6
if
not
Step
NORTH
COORD.
EAGINNING
EAST
EAST
COORD.
I
5.
ANGLE
ANGLE RIGHT
IF
ENTER
RT.
fDMSt
ANGLE
ANGLE LEFT
IF
DEFLECTION
ANGLE RIGHT
DEFLECTION
ANGLE LEFT
5
IF
6
HORIZONTAL
7
Note
DEFL.
RT.
DEFL. LT
DISTANCE
DIST.
OPTIONAL
Repeat
CHS
LT.
180
5
AZIMUTH
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4
WASHINGTON
NEWS
OFFICE ENGINEERING
CONSULTATION AND STANDARDS
Charles
Weller
R.
Assistant Director
OF THE FOREST SER
STA TUS
The summary
with
of events leading
of the Ohio
the collapse
bridges.
evaluate
the
President
River
task
make
and
assured the Bureau
the
that
1969 we proposed new
an amendment was issued
In
1971
April
Federal
is
with the
now
sound
7718
in
corrections
to
than 20
a copy of the
bridges
Forest
in
a total
in
of
any
all
Standards
Federal-aid
Forest
operation
safe
of the task
suit
On
in
must compete
Service inspection
the Federal
we
force.
October
and
placing
for
They have been
economical
which
in
bridge
the
negligence.
values
task
of
the
an
system.
courts
effective
proper
can
Both Forest
safety
priority
with
the
FSM
funds and manpower.
program
was
officially
initiated
in
of the job was complete in July 1973.
of inspections
by November
and their comments.
definition of the length
Of that number 6306 had been
17
inspection
System since they provide
against
the
this
structures fitting the bridge
regulation.
in
the
7718 was revised to comply
government
of
the
published
Since
others.
and
safe
aware
in
Administration
system structures.
of care
claiming
are
arise
a
were
Highway
and
Development
standard
technicians
Difficulties
7101
for possible
inspection procedures
Federal
FSM
January 1970. Approximately 25 percent
feet
all
guarantee
The Regions were then asked to complete the first round
1974 in December 1974 they were asked for the results
reported
a uniform
developed
enclosed
inspect
which included
for maintaining
other tasks that
present
to
Highway Departments
Service Manual
Service to the
and
inspection program.
The
the Bureau
April 1970.
are a national
they
managers
in
safe
and to
collapse
agreement with the concerns
material
which apply to
procedures
logical
many
1968
were prepared by the
measure our performance
the
July
Roads
of Public
1
the Forest
by the Forest
Furthermore
Service
the
investigate
were requested
in full
guide
State
obsolete
with the Standards
applied
to
National Bridge Inspection
the
Register. They
consultation
guide
Bureau
necessary
we were
force
highway and railway bridges.
On
We
began
Virginia
and the general
died
Forty-six people
was furnished with copies of the uniform inspection guide.
Region
6
a task
force the
inspection guide.
West
Pleasant
Point
concern over the problems of maintaining
of active
guide with a letter to Chief Cliff.
1967.
inspection program
bridge
between
Bridge
of the Nations
of the
highway bridge
Each
our current
to
appointed
condition
At the request
weaknesses
up
Ohio on December 15
and Gallipolis
public was jarred into a state
The
BRIDGE INSPECTION PROGRAM
VICE
They
greater
inspected
and
Table
Total
Region
Road
1.
-
Number
Forest
Service Bridge
Number
Rated
Inspection
Status January 1975.
Number
Number
Posted
Closed
Inspection
Cost
Total Cost to2
Bridges
Inspected
1358
1346
684
120
24
130000
8000000
2
503
503
503
320
21
150000
4300000
3
349
290
276
20
0
70000
500000
4
1082
808
554
202
48
150400
5160000
5
586
549
549
98
5
120000
10000000
6
1653
1381
946
163
41
464000
8500000
8
874
857
785
667
28
78000
34000000
9
426
397
328
214
9
100000
10000000
10
270
175
170
72
4
21000
15024000
7101
6306
4795
1876
178
11
Maintain
or Repair
00
Totals
1Region reported
2Construction
all
cost.
bridges.
Figures
shown
are
based on an estimate of the number of bridges over
Does not include preconstruction
or overhead.
1284000
20
feet in length.
95984000
4795
rated for load carrying
structures
1876
for
designed
bridges
HS
20 trucks
a load
required
Many of
capacity.
was
Estimated cost of the inspection program
contract
manpower equipment and
man-days
State
legal
of
and 178
limit
up
to
minimum condition
shows the breakdown
includes
costs.
An
for inspection and 1 for rating.
1
structures
I
than the
$1284000. This
The average
is
AE
Table
less
new
total
closure.
required
bring
or rated were
inspected
on closed road systems.. A
and those
that
limit
those not
$96000000
estimated
with
Forest
Service
was 2
time per bridge
are needed to
heavy maintenance or replacement.
of these figures by Regions.
TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENTS
Heyward
T. Taylor
Assistant Director
EQUIPMENT DEVELOPMENT AND TEST BOARD MEETING
EDT
On April 16 1975 the Annual
The meeting was opened by Russell
followed
by presentations
on
accomplishment
the
Centers.
planning
and
from both within
the
on the year-long planning required
support
this
planning effort
Tony
Timber Management
Office
Dorrell
are involved.
In addition Dave
team
Farnum Burbank Vice-Chairman and
of
McRorey Chairman
in
Washington D.C.
Board. He was
of the
relating to on-going programs at both the Missoula and San
Dimas Equipment Development
presentation
Board Meeting was held
P.
Center and
Secretary
5
These committees
that
its
Tixier
talked
Board
of the
consisting
Washington
MEDC
their
made a
program
gave
of the
a brief run-down
EDT
Office
and
Program. In
Washington
Ben Carson
ad hoc committees in which they
primarily
field
of
into
Range Management
about the
during the planning process to insure that
Rising
goes
cooperators.
for the development
Stan
Fire Management
Region
effort
of field
people
needs are considered
provide
when
input
setting
priorities.
At the time of the meeting
assigned
more work.
the indications
Increased
including utilization
emphasis
personnel
safety
will
were that
in
FY 76
both Centers
be placed on reduction
will
and rehabilitation of disturbed lands.
19
be
of forest residues
OPERATIONS
Harold L. Strickland
Assistant Director
EQUIPMENT COSTS CAN BE REDUCED
Forest
Service equipment
These
rate annually.
very high
during the past few years have been increasing
costs
are appearing
costs
the use rate yet they have not provided
we had
several years ago. This
automotive
the
Government
is
especially true in the case
trends
industry
Forest
GSA
Services Administration
over that which
better equipment
significantly
Service
a
at
both the fixed ownership and
in
where
of the light vehicles
vehicle
trends
ordering
and
Specifications and Standards have gone
uncontrolled.
The
following
formulated.
is
On
an example of how procurement
15
April
3000
conference
result there
is
With
the
292C Truck
specifications
of
acceptance
will
maximum
But
managers
vehicle
look
at
The
Forest
minimum
Service
is
operators
we
feel
Specification
Commercial
Gasoline
GSA
4x4
Engine
for the purpose of
and requirements.
of specifications
and standards
were previously
a manufacturer
could
While
bid
additional
many
will
If
be
Federal
Specifications
the
and
for
specifications
the project managers work
planners
Service employees must take
a critical
selecting equipment.
to the
we cannot
increasing
to
afford
equipment
options
are contributing
20
where
point
must be conducted
costs
the
changes
and Forest
or nonstandard
and maintenance
each item number.
vehicles.
not complete
getting
hardship
for
Service and other agencies
from which to standardize
when
is
basic-vehicle needs
In times of economic
purchasing
our job
job requirements
options.
by
GVWRs
the Forest
recommended
be good documents
fleet
their
GVWR
therefore
specifications
our recommendations
our light vehicles.
operation
proposed Federal
resulted in the formulation
of receiving the appropriate-size
Standards
and
GVWR
The
was minimum and
input
incorporates
assured
Industry
are
Government
on several item numbers.
truck
Our primary
GSA
the
agencies recommendations
ones
agencies.
minimum
with
designed
have previous
as
Government
various
size
covered
and
As a
that encompass the options available from each manufacturer.
no standardization among the large numbers of vehicles purchased by
and standards
one
an
Standard No.
and proposed Federal
industry and Government
considering
the
it
and standards
specifications
attended
10000 lbs Gross Vehicle
Weight
Rating
The Development Conference was coordinated
to
Powered.
This
1975
Conference
Specification Development
KKK-T-645G
we
a
new
evaluation
determine what the job
to
of
purchase unnecessary
costs
are
inflationary
factors.
a direct
prices
Some
vehicles
result
and
of this
is
our
requires.
of
our
increased
a result
of
the
Occupational
Agency
EPA
requirements
worldwide petroleum
factors by reducing
Forest
owning
operating
equipment.
equipment
with
manufacturers
partially
reduce
to be
more concerned
Furthermore
equipment
fewer
Protection
as well
the
as
the
of these
effect
requirements.
of energy
purchase price and the operating
smaller
Environmental
and
vehicle
our objectives and to meet our responsibilities
more economical
purchase
upon
However we can
these unnecessary
and the enactment
shortage
OSHA
Act
the
Manual we need
Service
and
Health
placed
situation.
In order for us to achieve
the
and
Safety
costs.
options
our
conservation
both
This
lighter
from
Nations
measures
the
as
about the
costs
rising
recent
dictate
standpoint
forth in
set
petroleum
that
of
of
we must
the
initial
can be accomplished by purchasing
duty systems
and smaller engines.
manufac-turers.
Finally
we can
competitive
standardize
our
and more economical
Service-wide
bidding
21
requirements
situation for the
and
create
equipment
a
more
ENGINEERING FIELD NOTES
Invitation
NOTES.
respective
technically
The
7113.
you
invite
submitted
Material
reader
Every
length
Office
Office for
and
be
should
Washington
Office will edit
Each
for
Region has an Information
both questions
and material
Bill
R-2
Allen Groven
R-3
Bill
R-4
Fleet Stanton
other
Engineering
should
problems
Staff
grammar
only.
publication.
direct
to
Unit
glossy
Kjell
Ernest
questions
Gordon
Forest
L.
Service
WO
USDA
are
E.
white
and
all
The
photos.
submit
should
personnel
to
All
preferred.
are
Bill
Vischer
Al Colley
format
Rita
FSM
sentences
Norbert Smith
R-10
concerning
or
field
R-9
Quinn
Rome
and
black
Coordinators
Bakke
R-6
R-8
items
short
by
timely
Service-wide
be typed double-spaced
whom
The
Jim McCoy
R-5
Strohschein
Coordinators
drawings
or
Coordinator to
for
McCabe
R-1
and
original
Office should
current
is
engineers
or news
articles
be reviewed
should
information
to
share with Service
publication.
publication
the
of interest
short
material submitted to the Washington
illustrations
that
for
FIELD
for
article
like to
submitted may vary from several
however
pages
FIELD NOTES
to
an
of
you would
article
see
to
informative
of material
several typewritten
it
the Washington
to
Regional
accurate
submit
to
author
a potential
is
you have a news item or short
we
engineers
the
Readers
to
If
editing
Wright
Washington
dates
publishing
Editorial
D.C.
Services
20250
703
235-8198.
This
publication
Station
one
the
ask
Form
distributed from the
your Office
number
back
is
and Area Headquarters.
issues
Manager
If
or the Regional
of copies sent to your
are also
Washington
Office directly
to all Regional
you are not now receiving a copy and would
office use
available from the
Information
Form
7100-60
Washington
Coordinator
for this
like
to increase
purpose.
Copies
Office and can be ordered
of
on
7100-60.
22
GPO
891
454