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TECHNICAL
INFORMATION
TECHNICAL
NOTES
FIELD
DATA
REPORTS
TEXTS
CURRENT AWARENESS
RETRIEVAL
UVtIESYSTEM
Volume
Protect
Your
7
Number
2 February 1975
Hearing
Computerized Slope-Staking
Using the Area Factor
for
Optimizing Earthwork
During
o.
Cost
Maintaining Roadside
Mt.
Fuel
of
Hood
and
Design
National
Ditches
on the
Forest
Material
Washington
Office
Engineering News
RV
US
OpEST
FOREST
SERVICE
U.S.
DEPARTMENT
OF AGRICULTURE
ENGINEERING FIELD NOTES
This publication
is
monthly newsletter
a
or administrative
among
nature
to
published
Forest
Service
and ideas of a
information
exchange engineering
The text in the publication
personnel.
represents
publica-tion
technical
the personal
of the respective
opinions
procedures mandatory
in the publication
is
all
not intended
This publication
Headquarters.
If
distributed
from the Washington
Coordinator
Because
references.
should
read
recommended
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of the
issue
to increase the
Office
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directly
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however
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back issues are also available from the Washington
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FIELD NOTES.
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If
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Engineers we invite you to submit
other
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Office
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typed double-spaced
all
only.
Coordinator
The Coordinators
to
it
Bill
R-2
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R-4
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R-5
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a
to
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submit both questions and
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The
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Stanton
format
concerning
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the respective
accurate informative
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whom
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Engineering
short
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illustrationsshould
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current timely technically
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to see that the information
Washington
a potential author
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you are not now receiving a copy
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exclusively
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Information
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instructions
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author
Kjell
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WO
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editing
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endorsement
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or approval
of
FIELD NOTES
PROTECT YOUR HEARING
By Rob
Harrison
Mechanical Engineer San Dimas Equipment Development
The San Dimas Equipment Development
tells you and the field people who work
overlooked
safety hazard
that deafness
caused
facing
by noise
is
Forest
has recently
Service field personnel
Tipthat
an Equip
published
Your Hearing.
for you how to Protect
noise.
is
It
is
The most
well established
permanent and excessive noise can cause deafness.
device can restore hearing
prosthetic
Center
Center
once
has been lost because
it
No
to excessive
of exposure
manda-tory
noise.
A
Order has reaffirmed that Occupational
recent Executive
OSHA
regulations do apply
conservation
hearing
to Forest
Service workers.
One
program.
and Health Administration
Safety
These regulations include
aspect of the program
a
the use of personal
is
hearing
conserva-tion
engineer-ing
protectors.
It
must be emphasized that hearing protectors
In fact
program.
controls i.e.
they
noise at
silencing
best hearing
the Equip
in
old
myth
use them.
It also
that the use of hearing
machinery
number
the final answer in a hearing
to be a last line of defense
of Forest
Service
This publication
GSA and
commercially and through
should
not
protectors
also
gives
unsafe because
of fellow
warning signals or the conversation
work
rotating
situations
is
presented
number
a large
lists
of hearing
reasons in everyday language
which
information
presents
is
controls i.e.
after
shifts have failed.
their
Your Hearing.
Tip5. Protect
protectors available
why workers
for a large
protection
are
OSHA
source and administrative
its
workers out of noisy areas and regulating
The
by
are considered
it
is
hoped
workers cannot
workers
in
the
will dispel
hear their
a noisy situation.
This
signal-to-noise
argument is of course
is
invalid.
The
The
ratio.
much
no
as
it
cut
will
hearing
down
difference
practical
protector
the volume
in signal
to hear a wanted
ability
related to the ratio of the loudness
of the wanted
detection
down
cut
will
of the
in
signal
sound
in
a background
to the loudness
the volume
of the background
sound that the worker wishes to
a background
of noise
of the noise
hear.
noise as
There
of noise whether the worker
is
is
construc-tion
wearing
hearing
A number
of jobs such
activities
construction
protection
as
or not.
road construction
and maintenance shop
vehicular and other transportation
timber
cruising
and off-road vehicle
1
activities
activities
fire
are
work
building
fighting road and trail
included
in
the Equip
Tips
off-road
The Equip Tip Protect
Development
Center.
Your Hearing
Also
available
with acoustical engineering
dealing
noise of slash
equipment
disposal
vehicles
from the San Dimas Equipment Development
and
snowmobiles
protectors
of the noise of
effects
and motorcycles
may be
requested
directly
Center.
COMPUTERIZED
By
hearing
as
Reports covering the
Service.
control
vehicles
all-terrain
technical publications
specialized
applies to the Forest
of motorcycle helmets
Civil
from the San Dimas Equipment
directly
wide variety of
a
it
available
the measurement
dune buggies
including
and the effectiveness
is
as
is
SLOPE-STAKING
Charles Peterson
Engineer White River National
Forest Region
2
INTRODUCTION
In the
past few years the Forest
The
design.
engineer has
design
engineer responsible
the same
method
method
Service has seen great strides
made
for construction
the
move
these computer
staking
that he has been using for years.
of using horizontal
chain and abney.
and
chain
Previously
vertical
made
into the electronic
There
is
in
computerized road
But what
age.
designed
a better
roads He
way
about the
is
still
using
the traditional
road can be improved upon by using a slope
the mathematical
computations involved
in
converting
slope
cost-ing
distance
to horizontal
introduction
changed
and
distances have
vertical
of the HP-65
programmable calculator by the Hewlett-Packard
is
a hand-sized
battery-powered
about $800.
Company
has
calculator runs
on
a
battery
on magnetic
nightly
pack must be
an additional
steps.
plastic
pack with an operating
a full days operation a spare battery
must be recharged
mini-computer or programmable calculator
of up to 100 program
has a capacity
It
the keyboard with programs being stored
battery
The
for field personnel.
this.
The HP-65
This
been too involved
Programming
time of about 3-1/2
carried.
charging
is
done through
strips.
hours.
To
allow
Both the HP-65 and the spare
unit
is
necessary to charge
the
spare battery.
The
HP-65
is
quite durable
piece of electronic
and impact.
and acceptable
for outdoor
operation.
However
it
is
an expensive
equipment and should be treated with care to avoid excessive dirt moisture
2
The
The
operating
efficiency
of the calculator
is
operator
machine.
Without
erroneous
input.
dependent
totally
must have a thorough knowledge
of
such knowledge the operator
how
is
upon
the skill of the operator.
to stake a slope and
of detecting
incapable
how
errors
to work
caused
the
by
PERFORMANCE
vegeta-tion
For about two months
the
The
more time
crew
ideal
crew
five-man
is
The crewmens
Crew
size
have found that the steeper the
the crew
is -four
When
P-line stakes.
our survey has been using the HP-65
We
by about 30 percent.
and productivity
terrain
has increased
and the thicker the
saves.
or five depending on P-line offsets
P-line offsets
are great and previous
and the
difficulty
of finding
P-line stakes are difficult
to find a
ideal.
tasks are as follows
chief
field
-
Oversees
engineering
Notekeeper
- Runs
whole operation helps new crew members and deals with
problems.
computer and keeps
Experienced instrument
man -
Helps
notes.
inexperienced
crew members writes stakes
and operates abney.
Crew members - Hold rod
set new L-line.
THE
drive stakes and flag and go ahead and
PROGRAM
The program
printout
input
consists
of data taken
and from measured topographical
indicator
be written
point
chain offsets
fill
suggested
on the
shoulder
slope distance
field
stake.
or ditch
The
directly
data.
for anticipated
slope-stake
bottom and
from the Road Design
The program output
slope-stake
data
is
the cut or
the horizontal
3
catch
distance
fill
System Catchpoint
consists
of an error
and slope-stake
from catch
data to
to hinge
from centerline to catch
point.
respon-sible
CONCLUSION
This
method of
slope-staking can
well-trained
information
save time and increase productivity
and conscientious
operator
on programs equipment
is
available
to direct
inputs and controls
brovided
the process.
that a
For further
contact
Charles Peterson
Civil
Engineer
White River National
Glenwood
Springs
Forest
Colorado
81601
FTS 8-303-945.6582
Editors
Note You
an investment
in
should examine
any particular one.
of the HP-65 by Engineering
all available
programmable calculators prior
This article should not be construed
or the Forest
Service.
4
to
making
as an endorsement
USING THE AREA FACTOR FOR OPTIMIZING
EARTHWORK DURING ROAD DESIGN
By Lorne
Highway
Hanna
E.
Siuslaw National
Technician
Engineer
Forest
INTRODUCTION
The Area
Factor
output values
option
each
at
in
the Region
station.
permits far greater flexibility
the
Unlike
at
the
A
roadway.
volume
distance
change needed are
all
quite simple to grade
his vertical
alignment
and
than
change for a 1-foot change
to the two
adjacent
horizontal
total
VPIs
area between
in
elevation
the Area Factor
along the
stations
division
by the amount of
amount of vertical change
two of these values and
between
subtraction
simple
improving
in
the volume
gives
values of the running
adjusted
gives
which
PI and over the total
a given vertical
method
adjustments
calculating
method.
Mass method
Unit
System computer programs provides
Design
for the road designer
Unit Mass
commonly used
Road
6
This makes
has to do to find the
the designer
necessary.
The
Mass method of making
Unit
hand
him to
method
the Area Factor
exercise
balance
volume
judgement
better engineering
cut and
fill
quantities
changes
permit
in
is
making
expensive
less
vertical
restrictions
the
other
and permits
that
changes
alignment
and require
of haul
direction
On
mechanical.
deceptively
from mechanical
the designer
frees
less total
excavation.
DEFINITION OF AREA FACTOR
The Area
each
Factor
is
cross section
determined by the
calculating
h
the
a
running
ratio
The
to Get
on the Design
in
cut and/or
by a proportion
the station
of embankment
grades to optimize
of road design
fig.
fill
catch
points at
of the compaction factor
fig.
excavation
1.
It
is
used
embankment
for
and
2.
It
Area Factor
2 punch
adjusted
at
to raise or lower
haul quantities in the final stages
How
road
of excavation
amount
between
area of roadway
total
station along a
is
an optional output
Earthwork
column 64
printout
of the
DES
just
in
the Region
below the
card.
5
6
Road
station.
It
Design
System and
can be obtained
will
be
listed
by requesting
a
rt
l
ýF
ti
L
1
t
ýI
I-t
I
r-
ý---ý-
r
-
-
-
-fit
f
loo
fi
Figure
1.
-
Plan view
of roadway
and
possible values of Area Factors.
t
t
77
Figure
2.
-
The
not
minor difference
significant
in
the
in
width due
to
1
changing
use of the Area Factor.
6
ý
t
grade
is
t
t
.
How
was Derived
it
The formula used
to find the Area Factor
derived
is
order to adapt
In
and adjusted
w1
the formula for this particular
V
when
in feet
v
h
w1
use the area portion
by an amount of the compaction factor depending on the
embankment between
h
formula
hw1
V
or
from the volume
is
two
the
cubic
in
adjacent
Finally
stations.
this
converted
is
has been isolated
of excavation
ratio
or
into units to give
yards.
de-sirable
USE OF THE AREA FACTOR
Examination
in
of the mass diagram
order to decrease
3 indicates that three mass changes
Figure
in
amount
the total
1000
would be a 200-unit change from station
first
between
1500
1900 and
and
and reduce
of excavation
1300
to
might be
The
haul quantities.
the second
a 130-unit change
change between
1900
adjust-ment
stations
and 2200.
Since
the
is
change
is
between
to occur
these two
Hence
a line parallel
0.35.
4a
it
intersection
first
and ahead of the second
this
new
line
with
VPIs
In
or by simple
Figure
Assuming
4b
the
is
0.215.
cost saving in either
decreased
between
1900
point
1500
chosen.
and a new one
and
A
new VPI
at
1900
at
is
than
at
the
the existing
for the revision.
enough
accurately
scaling
to effect
vertical
PIs
at
change wanted.
gradeline is found.
of the existing gradelines behind the
new VPIs
the
are 429.66 at
1500
new
Their
the scale
if
between
excavation
a height
inserted at
accurate
The
is
stations
increased
to
A
can
It
would be inserted
if
is
locate
new VPI
then
0.43 foot above the existing
1500
1500
1900
at
and 1900.
then
h is
view of the change on the
results.
designer
or haul.
stations
and 457.61
In this figure since the side
the middle of this revision.
in
higher
the extensions
a triangle h must be doubled to give
new VPI
of grade
of Area Factors
the profile there are existing
130-unit change will be to raise grade
429.66
-
amount
the
by the difference
Be sure to eliminate the old VPIs.
calculations.
that the Area Factors
130/457.61
profile
the
1300
necessary to raise grade
gives
and elevations can be found either by
101
and
desired
Referring to
is
to and 0.34 foot vertically
The
of
of change
stations
assume these factors might be 264.04 and 336.08 the h would
In Figure
stations.
1000
stations
found by dividing the volume
1000 and 1300. If we can
be 200/336.08 - 264.04
the third a 70-unit
so that the grade
not
necessary to place
it
to effect
is
located
grade
behind
the greatest
somewhere
elevation at the
1500
is
not
affected
the one in this example had not been there.
7
-
--
1-1
1
1-1
1
DESIRABLE
3
a-RAP
%4
26
Figure
3.
-
Mass Diagram.
8
1
10
r---ý
--ý-r
4
iI
ý
7ýý
--4-4-
I
II
T
-
--
---
I
Iý
rt-ý-rtý
t
I
ý
-f
I
ý
-- 4-
t
-
J 4-
ýIa
ýrlt
jit-ý
t
4
t
A-H
t
r
tý
L
L
ýIý
4--
ýI7
1
t
t
ý
trE
-T
-T
IF
C
-Tt
o
o
4
-
--1-1-14--4-L
r
_
J
1
L
Figure
4a.
-
-_
...i
Slab Change.
9
-41
- -4
4
10
Wedge.
Double
-
4b.
--Mt-IrL
DESIRABLE
-----------------
4c
In Figure
2200.
a 70-unit
-
457.61
0.207.
VPI would be an acceptable
Hence
be doubled.
existing
VPI
found by
needed to lower
scaling
The
Since
solution.
nearly the
or by calculation
another
through
VPI
at
a
of
at
the
2100.
station
VPI
new VPI
2100
at
this
This
will
and
gives h equal to
stations
the grade
equal to two
point
1900
the
by advancing
must
again a triangle the h value
is
The new VPI
of the intersection-
nearest the station where the
would be to lower
of this figure
view
the side
correct grade.
Be sure to delete the old VPI
ahead.
the mass zero line between
shows that lowering
profile
a gradeline drawn
will give
the Area Factor
insert
is
assumed values of 457.61 and 472.10 for these
Using
70/472.10
change
times h feet
below the
station and elevation can
new gradeline
method is not
be located
is
with
be
the grade
accurate
unless
A variation
used.
an amount equal to two times h
and
feet
2200.
CONCLUSION
Other variations of the use of the Area Factor
are possible
indeed some
others
are
quite
necessary as well as desirable.
earth-work
Many
road designers are acquainted
However
making
the best revisions
revisions.
programs
at
the
with
and use Unit Mass for marking grade
seems to be much
the Area Factor
for final grades.
Although
It
the Area Factor
Fort Collins Computer
simpler and provides
can measurably reduce
option
Center
it
is
not
included
For further
details
contact
Lorne Hanna
Siuslaw National
P.O.
Forest
Box 1148
Corvallis Oregon
97330
FTS 8-503-752-4546
11
in
might be included
are received.
changes.
for greater latitude
the
number
the
Road
if
in
of
Design
System
enough requests
for
it
12
Wedge.
Single
-
4c.
Figure
AMP
r
11
DESIRABLE
COST OF MAINTAINING ROADSIDE DITCHES
THE MT. HOOD NATIONAL FOREST
ON
actu-al
By
T. L.
Pickett
Mechanical Engineer San Dimas Equipment
San Dimas Equipment
the
Recently
Development
Center
Development
Center
data from which the
obtained
equip-ment
costs of several
maintenance tasks were extracted
road
here as useful information
ongoing
work
project
computerized
and some
These data were discovered
for field personnel.
San Dimas when we found that the Mt. Hood
at
road maintenance records. This discovery
their
of which are presented
in
the
National
course of
had
Forest
was very important
to
ex-penses
development projects
Center and the Mt. Hood
The
data presented
cost
but
San Dimas and
at
do not include
codes
were accumulated
or tasks
are summarized in Table
sick
I
all
leave
Equipment
of their data for Fiscal
annual
leave
and averaged
totaled
Development
Year 1974.
or other overhead
and equipment expenses.
incurred labor material
are limited to actually
activity
any
the Missoula
at
us with
to supply
agreed
also
Four
here at San Dimas. These
most of the work usually associated with roadside
and cover
ditch
maintenance.
The
cost of the
average
Forest
FY
in
cleaning and reshaping
1974 was about $46 per
$632 per ditch-mile
task was
year was $6 per ditch-mile
and 4x4
regular cab pickup
or a six-passenger
loader and
dump truck
The
A
for over 9 miles of ditch.
stakeside trucks
least
Hood
National
example seen for
expensive
expensive
Usually
a
this
noted for the
was used
variety of equipment
large
utility trucks.
pickup was used
were
task on the Mt.
The most
3 miles of ditch.
for over
including tractors
front-end
ditches
ditch-mile.
motor grader with a
and about 20 percent
of the
time a
used.
also
per-formed
The
debris.
cost
cost of the
average
The maximum
was
less
than
$1.00
slough removal
cost was
personnel-carrying vehicle
motor grader was
a
The
cost of the
average
The most
of debris.
expensive
The
least
260 cubic yards.
loader
used
such
10-yard-capacity
as a regular cab
or six-passenger
also
operation
of
expensive
was
For
this
cubic yards.
and one or two
yard of
this
operation
This
task was usually
dump trucks
pickup.
along with
About 40
a
percent
used.
slough removal
and a personnel-carrying
per cubic
$7 per cubic yard for over 280 cubic yards and minimum
per cubic yard for over 375
with a front-end loader
of the time
end haul task was $2.23
with
without
task
just
end haul task was $1.58
cost $11
under $1.00
the Mt.
Hood
six-passenger
per cubic
per cubic
National
yard
yard
Forest
per cubic
for about 30 cubic
for quantities
yards
from 40 to
usually used a front-end
pickup however about
half the time they
a motor grader presumably for smoothing the ditch and road behind the end
13
yard.
loader.
Table
I.
-
Ditch
LABOR
ACTIVITY
HOURS
CLEAN AND RESHAPE
DITCHES
COSTS
$
Maintenance
EQUIPMENT
COSTS
$
1200
6877
4279
SLOUGH REMOVAL
WITH END HAUL
831
5024
4948
SLOUGH REMOVAL
WITHOUT END HAUL
191
1165
MACHINE CLEANING
OF CULVERTS
2070
11937
704
11807
Cost
Summary
TOTAL
COSTS
$
11156
COMPLETED
WORK
UNITS
COST PER
UNIT
$
241 ditch-miles
46.26/ditch-mile
9972
4485 cu
yd
2.23/cu
yd
1868
1185
cu yd
1.58/cu
yd
23518
2263
culverts
10.39/culvert
cul-vert
cul-vert
The
inlet
and
culverts
this
this
$195 per
$100 per
cleaning
on a road.
of the time they needed
The
of
dump trucks
data for other tasks will remain unpublished
Center
personnel
that the total
all
National
Forest
for personnel
and 8 percent
$2.00
per
number of
large
used
on a
front-end
loaders
About
transportation.
of the time they
needed
a
grader.
Equipment Development
is.
Hood
Mt.
interested in the cost of a particular task he
To
cost was less than
but not always associated with a
low cost was frequently
only one
that needed cleaning
culvert
minimum
The most
culvert.
This was for cleaning
culvert.
The
culvert.
$10 per
task was
of culverts
cleaning
cost
task with regular cab or six-passenger pickups
14 percent
motor
type
Usually when there was only one
on a road.
needing
this
The
of
operation
the cost exceeded
road
for
machine
cost of the
average
expensive
for some
may
obtain
it
time however
if
anyone
is
the San Dimas
by contacting
Center.
one of the more
expenditures
aspects of the
interesting
for machine
cleaning
of
culverts
data presented
in
Table
exceeded the combined
I
costs
the other ditch maintenance tasks.
FUEL AND MATERIAL SHORTAGES
By
Consultation
Theral
R. Neilsen
and Standards Washington
Office
Transporta-tion
The
recent
fuel
crisis
and subsequent
increased
look
fuel
costs and construction
management of
material
the Forest
shortages
Service
con-sideration
have given
us cause
System.
to take a closer
Considerable
using the road system.
given to esthetics
not
change
problems
but
relating
as
energy
Movement
energy
at
our
and materials are expended
of goods and services
safely
in
building. operating and
and economically with
concerns has been our
and environmental
and resources become more scarce and costly
to planning design
construction
objective.
It
should
our solutions to
operation and user needs become more
of
This concern along with the suggestion that opportunities in conservation
October
1973
the
and
materials
be
Regional Engineer
energy
explored was expressed during
difficult.
meeting.
15
com-binations.
Road
management
Proper
will
be increasingly
examples are
operation and use allow
design construction
location
as
for
maximum economy
and may require new and
difficult
for
of fuel
numerous
trade-off
and construction
different
materials
Some
for assessment.
bases
follows
Steep
work
grades
tests
economy
in
consumption
the horsepower needed to negotiate
requires twice
road
against
indicate that the road surface
A
economy.
soft
poorly
maintained
up to three times the energy
condition
dirt
consumption
of
A
fuel.
a 1-percent
5-percent
speed and
affects
surface requires slower
of an asphalt
grade
Recent
grade.
resulting
and
speeds
paved road.
mea-sure
Excess
road.
length
more than
costs
Energy consumed
Balancing
the
excavation
of energy
in
Closure of certain
During the
relatively
hear about your solutions
in
in
and
shrinkage
remaining
as
timber
becomes more
may be a
either articles
and materials crunch
16
to
of
solution.
your road system management procedures.
through
attractive.
maintenance and to allow improvement
roads
brief brush with the energy
had to make adjustments
and
more importance.
roads to reduce
more important
and drive over the
to build
be considered.
Precision in measurements
Use of renewable resource materials such
the
also
becomes more important as a
and embankment.
conservation.
swell factors attains
the extra energy
just
maintenance must
FIELD NOTES
youve undoubtedly
We
would
like
or letters to the
to
Editor.
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Reference FIELD NOTES
Volume 6 Number 6 June 1974
Operations
The
Service
Forest
comfort
in
published
owns and
high-temperature
in
the
June 1974
operates
zones
replacement
As pointed
in
units should
Forest
levels
vehicle
Strickland
air
conditioners
fuel
inside
intent of the article
project managers to carefully
was to encourage
comfort versus
primarily for passenger
The
and not for dusty conditions.
economy
and
EDT
Project
1642
is the most economical way to reduce
Service should
where dust
many
L.
in
whether or not
determining
be air-conditioned.
out by Rob Harrison
motor vehicles
by Harold
FIELD NOTES
examine the need for passenger
News
Office Engineering
Washington
continue
vehicles
to purchase
will
air
conditioners
endanger the health
Ollie
factory-installed
dust levels
air
conditioning
vehicle
cabs.
for vehicles to be used
in
of passengers.
A.
Broadway
Equipment
Washington
17
inside
Management
Engineer
Office Engineering
The
areas
WASHINGTON OFFICE ENGINEERING NEWS
TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENTS
Heyward
Taylor
T.
Assistant Director
SPEL - SPECIAL
Through
the joint efforts
the evaluations
work.
in
evaluation
The
in
FHWA
and
a publication
and materials used
The
information
in
has been prepared
documenting
and maintenance
highway construction
the status
along with
given for each
3
name and address
along with
number
categories
AASHO
were made by various State highway departments for nearly 3000 products
categories.
manufacturers
reference
of
of many products
Evaluations
24 major
2
PRODUCT E VAL UA TION LIST
product
of the evaluation
were evaluated
1 name
accept not accept
i.e.
brief remarks or explanation
which the products
includes
description of product and use
4
pending and
of the evaluation.
are
Adhesives
Aggregates
Barriers Fencing and Roadside
Structures
Bituminous Materials and Additives
Bituminous
Culverts and Drainage
Deicing
and Preservative
Rejuvenators
Treatments
Structures
Chemicals
Joint Sealers
and
Fillers
Mulch and Erosion
Controls
Patching
Materials
Portland
Cement Concrete Admixtures
Portland
Cement Concrete
Curing
Portland
Cement Concrete
Finishing Products
Materials
Reflective Crack Controls
Rust Passivators
Skid Control
Systems
Soil Sterilization
Soil
and Weed
Control
Materials
Treatments
Structural
Materials and
Components
18
of product
State making
the
5
a
Structural
Paints
and Construction
Testing
Equipment
Traffic Marking Materials
Membranes and
Waterproofing
Materials
Miscellaneous
Sub-committee
The
on
on trade name products
of information
compilation
The
Materials.
200-page
listing
of its membership and participation
Service because
in
an
is
of the
activity
was made
of products
AASHO
the
AASHO
available
to the
Subcommittee
Forest
on
Materials.
SPEL have been
Copies of
17
trade
name
consulted
Equipment
-
1974 file designation
and the Centers are
Engineers
products
with
Materials Engineers San Dimas
Regional
all
Center and Missoula
Development
December
sent to
Development
respect
to decide
to their use in a forest
Equipment
by memorandum dated
7170 Materials Engineering.
the best position
in
Center
The
Regional
Materials
on the usefulness of the various
They
environment.
should
be
for further information.
CONSULTATION
AND STANDARDS
Charles R. Weller
Assistant Director
RANGE POLE PROGRESS
LASER
common
During a recent survey project on the
improvement
boundary between the States of Virginia and
was made which should
Tennessee
another
the Forest
Service boundary-marking
further increase the efficiency
of
sens-ing.
International
the laser
Telephone
beam
To date
at
it
daylight model.
a range
and Telegraph
of
has
units have been engineered
This would significantly
outputs.
We
production.
Forest
1
mile.
has been tried
NASA
program.
only
It
at
has
we
night but
expressed the opinion
for
reduce
maximum
are working
heat and laser light
with
NASA
should
to develop
that there will be no restrictions
the cost of the required instrumentation
configuration
eventually put
budgets.
i
GPO 886-297
sensor which will detect
a
once the
compatibility.
have not yet evaluated the proper
This modification
a nighttime
developed
uses the principle of infrared
19
and should
of instruments
the cost within
for
the reach
increase
maximum
of most