ENGINEERING TECHNICAL FIELD INFORMATION TECHNICAL NOTES DATA RETRIEVAL REPORTS TEXTS CURRENT AWARENESS SYSTEM Notes Field Volume 5 8 August Use of Steel Wide-Flange 1973 Beams as Footings for Structural Plate Arch Culverts Grade Construction Book of Engineerng FOREST SERVICE U.S. News DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ENGINEERING This publication and ideas text in must not of newsletter published to exchange engineering information The administrative nature among Forest Service personnel. opinions of the respective author and represents the personal or this publication be construed as or policy except - a monthly is technical a FIELD NOTES recommended or references. FSM by approved procedures instructions mandatory to be exclusively for engineers. However because This publication is not intended all engineers and engineering technicians the type of material in the publication should read each issue. This publication is distributed Station and Area Headquarters. one ask your Office Manager or number back copies of issues are from the If the you Washington not now directly to Office receiving a copy Information Coordinator are Regional Regional all would and of like to increase the Use Form 7100-60-for this-purpose. sent to your office. Copies of also available from the Washington Office and can be ordered on Form 7100-60. Office for publication should be reviewed by the Washington Office to see that the information is current timely technically Service-wide FSM 7113. The informative and of interest to engineers submitted to the Material respective Regional accurate of material submitted may vary from several sentences to several length typewritten The Office However short-articles or news items are preferred. Washington gages. Office should will edit for grammar only. All material submitted to the Washington typed double-spaced and white photos. Region Each questions has and Coordinators to Fran and illustrations should Information an material should Owsley all for Coordinator publication. to The whom field Bob R-2 Allen Groven R-3 Dan are R-6 Kjell R-8 Roper Fleet Stanton R-9 R-4 R-10 Gerald R-5 Jim McCoy WO Al direct questions of concerning Engineering should be glossy black submit both Bakke Ernest Quinn Ron Pokrandt Editor Division or drawings personnel Coordinators Hinshaw R-I original be Coghlan Colley format editing publishing dates Forest Service USDA Washington etc. D. C. Depart-ment Agricul-ture 20250. newsletter is published for distribution to employees of the U. S. The Department of Agriculture--Forest Service and its retirees only. assumes no responsibility for the Interpretation or use of this information by other than its own employees. This monthly of The use the reader. of trade Such firm use or does corporation names not constitute an or approval recommendation endorsement of others which may be suitable. of is for the official any information and convenience evaluation conclusion product or service to the exclusion of FIELD NOTES BEAMS AS FOOTINGS FOR STRUCTURAL PLATE ARCH CULVERTS USE OF STEEL WIDE-FLANGE By Robert OLeary Engineer Wallowa-Whitman Civil National Forest INTRODUCTION with roads problems frequently In crossing major streams will is of fish and to the extent insure the safe passage A conditions. relatively bridge A high. culvert utilizes one solution is good but a bridge solution alternative the natural streambed allows may flow conditions. balance on is focused a structure that existing streambed possible maintain not always suited to the be the use of an arch passage stream hydraulics under average of this article is arise in installing site and the cost This culvert. of type of fish and approximates natural Having suggested the design and installation this the alternative of footings for the support of plate arch culverts. structural THE HIGH COST OF CONCRETE expen-sive for arch culverts Footings can be made of many types of material used. In most remote National ready-mixed concrete to be acceptable. the Forest but concrete the excessive time required areas from distant commercial sources often makes Field mixing or hauling cost as can Forest much small quantities this is generally for transporting method too of ready-mixed concrete into $300 per cubic yard as 78-foot-long wide-flange A footing steel design was arch 14-foot span structural steel price included the Wallowa-Whitman $101.09 per Editors Note structure as careful to be W A rise 12 gage 101/2-inch 12 x 65 for the installed footings using concrete utilizing in structural footing. A 1969 using a cost $87.69 per lineal foot. structural plate arch comparable structure Forest than a concrete This structural steel and grouted footings is estimated to cost lineal foot. Each stream crossing used. All materials minimum analysis by 6-foot beam National and much cheaper structural excavation riprap headwalls. such made on which proved to be satisfactory unique depth maximum selection of materials footing before is and requires careful analysis and design concrete metal and timber should stream gradient or system. l be and allowable evaluated. soil of the stream crossing Rule of thumb values bearing pressures also require DESIGN CONSIDERA TIONS wide-flange A simple at of steel footing type be made by factory-cutting can When of the web. the center when so that cut from wide-flange structural of the capacity to Soil Bearing and type of traffic. traffic It of a higher The purpose. be chosen so that area of contact with the is The the bearing must have soil Stream Gradient Capacity arch with steel footings must consider load. approximately one-half of the width. is beam in half The have the flange width approximately equal to the serve the same will also T. an inverted is A the culvert. size soil is Structural tees of the wide-flange or correct for the bearing soil. Due Restrictions shapes should tee cut the rise as a steel wide-flange cut the shape of the footing beams chosen for footings should web depth manner can usually be hauled to the job site in the same footing steel bearing sufficient sometimes necessary to excavate bearing of the The Traffic. design of an along with the height the to support capacity and replace the existing The maximum width of strength. and soil the excavation soil of fill fill and with material for the footings should foot-ings be on the plans so specified as to retain position and thus reduce original minimum of 1 as much downstream of the natural streambed as possible in silting. below the natural streambed. foot reasons that the depth of concrete will footings The The footings vary. In any event reduced end area needs soil must also to be considered be considered protect the footings. and outlet boulders extent Additional to reduce at intervals not be considered than 3 feet considerations design required culvert size. of the can be determined for will The gradient of the stream for the footing will not be washed must have other design considerations could be the use of aprons at the arch the footings similar to fish ladders of grout to the footings. depend largely on the wash very easily and cutoff granites soil The the use of nature conditions at and the walls at the inlet outlet site. and may be necessary. Stream gradients which exceed 10 percent inside the arch should the percent or the application velocities For example decomposed 5 of walls between construction of the additional in so that backfill away. Generally any stream gradient over inlet for the same the location the culvert. and type of to usually placed actual depth will vary must be staked so that the location and depth of excavation installing The are its a for arches with steel footings. Normally arches with rises less foot-ings above the streambed are not used because maintenance of the footing Bolting Structural Plate inside manufacturers footing hole spacing. web. This will difficulty in backfilling and the arch. to Footing. for joining the steel plates of the Bolt holes are punched in the web of the steel side to the footing at dimensions that meet the structural plate The multiplate is require different length normally placed on the stream bolts because 2 the structural side of the plate bolt holes will be in the valley on one side been used by placing outside on the other side with no apparent Footing Movement During Construction. Preventing to be accidentally jarred or such movement we The same side. the structural plate on the inside of the footing of the footing moved footings Ts of the inverted The steel and is usually less than 30 feet side and on the to maintain footings are apt the proper arch with a normal spacing of 20 To backfill. x 3/8-inch The consists of one angle at each end and one in the middle. installation on one wide-flange x 2-inch 3-inch with bolt sizes have problem. the culvert installation during two the joined to the top of the flange the angles and on the ridge on the other angles fastened span. A distance The feet. prevent typical between angles are not engi-neers salvaged Depth construction. following of Fill Considerations. Figure and depth of fill and technicians conservative 1 for a given bearing shows arch spans to be used for each wide-flange for design of steel footings for multiplate greater centerline depth ide-FI Span S i is eOt rgee 8 9 up to L-70 loading. Refinement 7 ý poj ýqt ýOt 13 17 ý pt 22 a 5 ýpR NOTE 24 11 14 19 16 18 4 7 10 14 15 12 - 6 9 12 13 13 - 4 7 10 12 14 - 3 6 9 10 PRESSURE SAND AND 20 12 LOWER NEW DESIGN. SPAN MAY HOLES PLATE - - 5 8 9 16 - - - 7 8 17 - - - 5 6 18 - - - 4 5 19 - - - 3 4 construction centerline arches THAN THIS ARE TO WILL A REOl1IRE ANY CORRESPONDING BE PUNCHED TO MULTI. CEN-TER 1/41N. SP6r1FICATIONS CLEARANCE ABOVE 3x 2ABANGLE PLACE OF ARCH TWO 1/2 SELECT THE BOLTS MINIMUM MAY 4 OR STREAMBED DESIGN BE AND x FOOT 2 17-0x63 WITH WELD. THE ARCH 12 KIPS MINIMUM DOER 6ft. REQUIRED for wide flange corrugations. 000000 3 FILLET MAINTAIN OF CO/ER USE W10x49 feet CROSS FASTENED OF 3/B HT. 6 AND FOR FLOW. BEARING TWO FLANGE. ENDS AT WILL ALLOW OF ARCH THAT FLANGE 10 BE PLACED ONE FOOT SIZE WIDE BELOW AS ANGLES SUPPORT. depth of cover of multiplate KSF DENSE COMPACTED BEARING OF SOIL MANUFACTURERS EXAMPLE. 1.-Maximum 1O USED WITH GAGE. BE AND RISE WITH 15 IS GRAVEL. ERIAL BEAM 11 is to allow apt 9 10 chart possible. BEARING Figure The arch culverts. MAT-9 to allow for any rise gage and traffic size be used by both This type of chart could value. footings L-70 used during loading. A NEW GRADE AND CONSTRUCTION STAKING BOOK By Jim Beltram Ochoco Technician Engineering National For many years there has been a need for a construction and yet technically simple in content basically complete need have led to the evolution of the following Forest is be Efforts to resolve this in detail. system which format that could note staking now used being in Region 6. infor-mation Methods consist of making generally accepted ground elevations tangent is recorded. grades From this book in which all curves and any other construction vertical book grade up a grade slope stake or construction template data control stake notes are addi-tional L made up After for use of field crews in their initial slope staking manner revisions After These additional that the original final books construction changes are cross referenced often results is grade completed another set present method. These are the remeasure books for To summarize the present method and new to the blends line original topographic notes in such a or ties correctly with the grade confusion. in still become necessary corrections that was not changed staking cross referencing new reflect of the project. staking accomplished and volume is books must be made up to information. construction you must prepare must be made up under the of books final pay quantities. the following books or notes Grade book or books Slope stake notes Grade change books cross referenced Remeasure The disadvantages to original S.S. book books of the present system are Too many hours of recopy work Errors that Too many occur sets in of transposition field Only one copy of original Complicated field office Editors Note Computer Program available in stake out and Electronic in this Handbook. Regions 2 3 8 Road article The form notes which tends to confuse cross referencing The form discussed Application or recopy books is is Design shown compatible and 9 on the Univac 4 ERD on page with correlation of intent among personnel. 135.1 of FSH the Construction 1108 computer. 7109.16 Engineering Earthwork Computation Figure now 1 which available reduces is many of of Form S-201 a reduced copy from GPO 795-775. Grade and Construction This form along with its Staking of the old method. Some of the advantages the deficiencies Book format greatly enclosed are listed below Original grade and template data are recorded in one book. No grade books or recopy time necessary. The original new set grade plus two of cross referenced grade changes can be made on the original need be made every time a grade books form. change No is made. All computations of template crown superelevation vertical curves etc. crews. Printouts plans and design information to field available are need not be carried by field crews. Sufficient room for remeasure on this format eliminates the need for a set of remeasure books. Carbon should copies of original the books This format is set guidelines R-6 keypunch and notes may be need to be sent to up to can given to the C.O.R. or field crews or retained in the office. be completely compatible Supplement No. ERD ERD 8 FSH 7709.11 readily relate 5 with keypunch June to the submitted 1967 data. and ERD therefore is FORM S-201 U. COMPUTED BY CHECKED BY DATE DATE S. FOREST SERVICE NATIONAL ROAD NO. ERD FOREST DATE NO. PAGE STA. TOPOG GROUND WEATHER LEVEL TEMP. INSTR. PARTY AS STAKED GRADE No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 V. C. DATA ELEV. AS BUILT FINAL CULVERT GRADE X CLEARING LT. ROAD WIDTH DATA LT. F. W. ELEV. W. Rd. P. LT. SHOULDER ELEVATIONS RT. LT. SHOULDER ELEVATIONS RT. LT. O. T. C. SHOULDER ELEVATIONS RT. TEMP. W.. R. W.. Figure 1. ELEV. E ELEV. CR. CR. SE. SE. SE. SH.GRADE SH.GRADE SH.GRADF - Form S-201 for use with the new construction RT. CR. staking note format. RT. WASHINGTON OFFICE DIVISION OF ENGINEERING NEWS CONSUL TA TION AND Charles STANDARDS R. Weller Assistant Director WASHO 52nd Annual June 17 and 21 WASHO The 52nd Annual Conference. Montana. Conference was held between of the Forest Service participated dis-cussed Federal General at the by the meeting. Engineer Northern Regional Several current matters These included procedures of interest Region to the which would apply Safety presided of uniform inspection accomplishments the Highway a Service were the use views agencies Act to Federal environmental impact statements for preparing 1 in WASHO of the Region Forest progress reports concerning devices on agency roads bridge of proposed rule-making operating Sirmon Jeff agencies. control Representatives meeting which was held on Monday prior to the beginning Session. Mr. agencies traffic Helena at agencies agencies on projects where the sub-ject Federal Forest The Highway Highway Forest Administration is the agent agency and the future of the program. Service has several representatives committees and who participate each year matter to be discussed recommendations at the annual for topics of interest either the individual following for another individuals who serve as during WASHO standing the Service which need to be discussed at the year or at the annual conference. The Service representatives Committee on Administration Jeff Sirmon Regional Northern Committee on Legal the These members would appreciate conference. current Forest members of assisting the chairmen in formulating to the Forest committee meetings are the in Right-of-Way C. M. Hofferber Assistant Regional Forester Pacific Committee on Planning Bob Larse Committee on Design J. WO D. Northwest Region Division of Engineering Kennedy Engineer 7 Engineer Region Assistant Regional California Region Committee on Construction Clifford H. Miller Regional Engineer Intermountain Region Committee on Maintenance Roads Committee on Federal Wilcox Sterling Division Engineering WO Don Turner Regional of Engineer California Region Forest Supervisors meeting Helena in in in the Northern were invited to send Region order to meet State and Federal their Forest Engineers to the agency representatives. Seven Forest WASHO excel-lent Engineers were able to attend conference they meet other Forest and the Director opportunities from the Region. had an opportunity to talk In addition about some of Service employees including Associate of the Division of Engineering Mike time and to become better acquainted with our own problems and concerns Chief Russell Deputy with the in Such meetings P. and McRorey provide whom we work from time to people. IMPROVEMENTS TECHNOLOGICAL Heyward their Howlett. from other agencies for meeting people to participating T. Taylor Assistant Director Pavement between Design System for Forest the University Service Roads. of Texas and the Forest approach for the designing approach is and managing A cooperative agreement has been signed Service for the development of a systems pavements for Forest Service roads. The systems to Allow consideration pavements for Forest of the many variables restraints Service roads. Optimize the pavement management 8 process. and alternates in designing If the conceptual study will of and desirable for a systems approach feasible proves mathematical methods the actual period suitable after.a study develop use trial then and computer programs. the systems approach for pavement design It a later hoped that is can become a dis-playing subsystem of RDS. sym-bols Name Aided Computer CANP. A Placement and symbols map The study was performed by lines data. Raymond Dr. developed by Certain hardware and software study feasibility as well as manipulating has been completed Boyle of the University the University of Saskatchewan. for displaying FY for with map names associated various map lines auto-mated and characters Water be evaluated will A Supply Inventory. a water develop supply provide a In addition inventory. Office in has been executed with Boeing contract of the many various inventory the Washington in to providing the Computer Forest water supplies on the National check for insuring proper bacteriological and other health 1974. Services to Service with an Forests the system testing will of these water supplies. 009 OPERATIONS Harold L. Strickland Assistant Director The Technical rounding shoulders on erosion Or the give How Information Center. rate to the pavement The have done or thought. do you go about determining Or how much of wear on aggregate surfacing structure Perhaps the first step Information Center Technical TIC the effect of cutslope is to find out support what has the resources others to conduct computer-ized literature searches resources include and to compile bibliographies on subjects of a technical nature. These the use abstract services specialized National TIC can Specialist libraries can documents or library Library NAL to technical literature outside and project monitoring referral or technical information Agriculture provide of standard references centers contacts expidite locate from in in the Washington other agencies area and the in Beltsville. assistance in other information-related loans services NAL copies of Forest provide matters. Service publications finding. 9 The Technical address and price information which you may have Information for ordering difficulty Wash-ington These services attention or course have again we want to emphasize our philosophy that TIC Office use. how we can We will be looking best be responsive the collection retrieval For further information Barbara been offered by TIC for some time. By bringing them to your Sam and into the exact nature to those needs. Hopefully transfer of viable information or assistance TIC 000 10 will for field as well as information needs become more for direct use please call our Technical 703-235-8099. is of field and effective to field Engineers. Information Specialist in NEW TELEPHONE NUMBERS FOR THE WO OF ENGINEERING ARLINGTON Effective Area Code Ext. Room No. is - 703 dial July 23 prefix 22209 1 1973 plus five-digit Name DIVISION VIRGINIA Ext. extension Room No. given below. Name 58042 1109F Aiken Phyllis A. 58010 1113C Kolzow 58184 1207E Albee William 58069 1103 Larse Robert W. 58184 1207D Allison 58155 1207-I Leicht Linda A. 58046 1108B 1204 Litten Benjamin 58129 1111 Angyal Margaret Atchison Robert G. 58018 58018 1204 Lupien 58104 1109D Bean 58120 1207H MacNamara 58638 57 58184 1201E Mahan 58025 1201C 58184 1207F Mahoney 58638 57 58071 1111 Marshall 58638 22 LL Bradley Thurl 58114 1203A Matson 58155 1207-I Broadway 1109F McLaughlin 1201F Brookens 58635 1109F McVay 58087 1107 Ollie A. Norma J. Brown Wanda M. 58635 58184 58635 1109A Morris Brenda 58070 1101A Bruesch 58184 1205F Morris Frank 58635 1108 Burchett S. 58073 1101C Murphy 58024 1203 M. 58635 1109E Nale 58077 1207K2 Bybee 58073 1101C Neumann Edmund 58084 11 58144 1102 Nielsen Theral 58071 1111 Davis 58635 1109A Decker 58077 1207K1 Deleissegues 58635 26 LL Dillon Edward 58638 24 LL Dixon James 58071 1111 Driskell 58129 1111 Ellis LL LL 13F C. Raymond P. K. Bell 0. Stanley Jr. James M. Bockes Olin D. W. Ernest Boisvert T. Lawrence Grace Frances Amon Colley Jr. D. L. Harry Coorsh Josephine Martha A. Richard G. R. F. Robert P. Ronald R. William C. D. Theodore A. Audrey Robert H. Edward F. E. Larry Kay Aileene B. V. Daisy R. Roger A. Owsley G. 1207J 58638 57 58031 1201B Pelzner Adrian 58638 20 LL Peyton 58073 1101C Rhoads Ronald W. 58114 1201A Richardson 58638 59 LL Frances Patterson Thomas F. Frederick E. Boone 57 LL Farnley George R. 58635 1109F Ross 58638 26 LL Forstall Alfred E. 58184 1201D Rotty Dirck L. 58638 22 LL Fortune R41ph F. 58184 1207M Ruth Ralph E. 58042 1109C Frost Dale 58099 1208 Sam 58635 1109F Gethers Carolyn 58086 1101C Sigele Anne 58071 1111 Glover Lewis G. 58115 1202 Sirois Donald 58006 1207G Greenlee 58638 22 LL Smith Henry 58010 11 1109B Strickland 1109C Hahn Dick Hammond 58046 58042 58638 22 LL Stroman 58638 22 LL Harrison Carol 58071 1111 Hartman 58084 1113B Hendrickson 58120 1207H Herfurth Marjorie 58024 1201B Hogan 58059 1104 Hostrop Bernard 58120 1207H Watkins 58035 1108 Howlett M. R. 58638 22 LL Webb 58084 11 M. 58098 1106 Weller Charles R. 58035 1108B Jaeger 58184 1207L Wenzel 58030 1201B 58635 1109E Wenzlaff Gloria 58006 1207G Jones David L. Kaneko Donald K. 58071 1111 Weston Monroe T. 58638 22 LL Kelly Frank 58069 1101B Wilcox J. 58098 1107 Kenestrick Ruth 58638 22 LL Willis Johnie 58085 1113E Kinworthy 13D 13F Hyde D. Harold R. L. Frank J. T. Betty Barbara J. D. L. L. Harold L. Walter 58184 1201F1 Swinnerton M. 58087 1108A Taylor Larry 58006 1207G Thompson Jose 58018 1204 Thompson Romaine E. 58638 57 Hazel B. James D. Jerry Y. Rivera Joseph V. 58638 O. C. R. 58198 LL B. Richard O. Ivonne A. J. G. William R. 11 LL Tullis John R. Heyward T. M. Robert C. Wilbert William C. Edward T. Sterling