ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL
FIELD
DATA
INFORMATION
TECHNICAL
NOTES
RETRIEVAL
REPORTS
CURRENT
TEXTS
AWARENESS
SYSTEM
Noltes
Fie-eld
1
Volume
The
New
Legal
5
Number
Color
Responsibilities
From an Engineering
Associated
WO
7 July
with
Division
Standpoint
Special
Uses
of Engineering
FOREST
SERVICE
Involving
Winter
Sports
News
U.S.
DEPARTMENT
OF AGRICULTURE
ENGINEERING
This
and
monthly newsletter published to exchange engineering information
The
a
personnel.
or administrative nature among Forest Service
author
of
the
and
the
respective
opinions
personal
publication represents
publication
ideas
text
must not
of
This
construed
be
or policy
a
is
technical
this
in
except
publication
type of
should read
is
each
recommended or
as
not
intended
to
procedures
mandatory
instructions
exclusively
all
for
engineers
However because
engineers.
and engineering technicians
of
issue.
publication is distributed
Station and Area Headquarters.
from the
This
one
be
publication
the
in
approved
references.
FSM
by
material
the
FIELD NOTES
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you
Washington
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are
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would like
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Office
to
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respective Regional
accurate informative and of interest to engineers Service-wide FSM 7113. The
of material submitted may vary from several
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length
Office
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items
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However
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Each
questions
has
and
Coordinators
to Fran
Office should be
material submitted to the Washington
illustrations should be original drawings or glossy black
All
only.
and
all
Coordinator
Information
an
for
material
should
publication.
Hinshaw
R-I
Bob
R-2
Allen Groven
R-3
Dan
R-4
Fleet
R-5
Jim McCoy
direct
to whom field
The
Roper
Stanton
submit both
are
Bakke
R-6
Kjell
R-8
R-9
Ernest Quinn
Ron
Pokrandt
R-10
Gerald
WO
Al
Coghlan
Colley
format editing
questions concerning
Forest Service
of Engineering
Owsley Editor Division
should
personnel
Coordinators
dates etc.
Washington D. C.
publishing
USDA
Depart-ment
Agricul-ture
202 50
S.
is published
for distribution to employees of the U.
newsletter
The
Service and its retirees only.
Department of
Agriculture--Forest
or use of this information by
assumes no responsibility for the interpretation
other than its own employees.
This monthly
of
The
the
use
of
reader.
trade
Such
recommendation
of others which
firm
use
or
does
corporation names
not constitute an
or approval
endorsement
may be suitable.
of
information and convenience
is for the
official evaluation conclusion
or service to the exclusion
product
any
of
FIELD NOTE
S
THE NEW COLOR OF ENGINEERING FIELD NOTES
By A.
Colley
L.
Information Coordinator Washington
The
official
change
in
for the
reason
new
color of our Engineering
EFN
Notes
Field
The purpose
of the Notes themselves.
the nature
Office
of this article
is to
a basic
signal
to share with
is
you
de-parted
of the reasons behind the changes
some
For some time we have been having
more difficulty
even
from the
original
to the
justice
most
We
among our
because
articles
following
The
months
in
will
with
nature
continue
common
not
the
WO
by
By
problems
by submitting
to
were not
of publication
news
the first of each
sharing
in
this
rejected
by returning
Office.
We
hope
items for a Regional
month
for publication
the
in
approved
article
and
and where
EFN
illustrations
and/or glossy
are
black
changes
as
can
EFN
avoid
should
studies
efforts
duplicated
be used to
also
well as anything
to these will be informal.
the articles
will
be published
the authors personal
when you
with anything
publishing
we
of an
environment.
general
will reflect
procedures therefore
In order to meet the monthly
Original line-drawings
in
on your projects
information
information
touch with each other.
but our approach
to publish articles
hesitate to take issue through
double-spaced
and too short
items for the Washington
Service-wide
provide
to
the engineering
affecting
of the author. Each
representing
EFN
issue.
only minor grammaticalediting
style
reach
we have
standards.
newsletter type
touch with our people by publishing personnel
administrative
We
should
and
technical reviewers
Consequently
of short news
join in the effort
failures and problem areas.
and keep people
the past year
that these submissions
apparent
an in-house
to establish
will
now
timely basis.
a
Field Notes offer an opportunity
successes
keep
and Station
is
EFN
for the Field Notes and have
meet technical nor informative
did not
efforts
These submissions
section.
on
during
articles
for
articles
means for sharing technical and administrative
a
and adding a section
issue
that each Region
they
our
are redirecting
to a monthly
engineers
suitable
These reports were too long for
matter. It
meeting the basic objective of providing
information
Somehow
published.
reports.
subject
details.
obtaining
concept of newsy-informative
been receiving quasi-technical
do technical
in
difficulty
getting them
in
and the related
schedule
all
you
think
1
articles
The
WO
will
as
opposed
that
do
and
the language
we hope
to
you
will
to be off-base.
materials submitted for
involved they must be
and white
only
opinions
read future
in
suitable
EFN
must be typed
for reproduction.
pictures are preferred.
Starting with this issue distribution will be through
to
Forest
Service personnel
and outside
can be
as
meaningful
you
as
we can create a tool that provides
7113
is
being revised
to reflect
care to
unlimited
WITH
Mr.
policy
Dwyer
Cableways
Office located in
of
contents
Charge
in
an individual
and your
and share them with others
articles
via
Staff Engineer
Denver Colo.
here are the
Office of the General
to the
of prior presentations
applicable portions
The
as
benefits.
and principles of law presented
Dean A. Gardner Attorney
discussion.
you
OF THE FOREST SERVICE
STANDPOINT ASSOCIATED
USES INVOLVING WINTER SPORTS
Charles F.
considerations
directs
If
ENGINEERING
Washington
article
prohibitive
0
SPECIAL
By
legal
it.
is
RESPONSIBILITIES
FROM AN
The
make
mailing
material prior to publication.
all
the above.
0
LEGAL
of
approval
Information Coordinator seek out informative
Regional
FSM
cost of sustaining an individual
distribution requires Departmental
This publication
EFN
The
only.
Station and Area Headquarters
Regional
this article
represent
nor responsibility for the Forest
Counsel
more
the authors opinion
Service or for Forest
work
of others particularly
Ogden
Utah. This
under
limited subject
only and do not establish
officers.
SUBJECT DEFINITION
We
Legal Responsibilities.
here the procedures
are discussing
responsibilities
of the Forest
Service and
administration
and other involvement with
In law a legal responsibility or duty
someone
and safety requirements or
though never
written
if
the user
be imposed by law to cover
of the operator
burden.
is
of a
Liability
is
it
that apply
to the duties or
sports.
may be
agreement
as
were our permits
incurred by a particular course of conduct
aware of the responsibility or duty and
such
as
relies
the duty and degree
on
it.
It also
-there
is
for a loss
an expense
an injury an
a neglect of a legal duty or responsibility.
2
even
may
of care expected
carrier.
when
in their
by agreeing to do something for the benefit of
of being responsible
incurred
rules
uses particularly winter
incurred by a written
certain relationships
common
that condition
is
special
is
and
employees both individually and collectively
created
This responsibility or duty
else.
standards
Liability
is
its
evil
or a
From an
under discussion
subject
extent
require the
they
involves
and
rights
with structures
to activities
relating
The term from an
Standpoint.
Engineering
of the Forest
responsibilities
equipment
plants
by engineering
application
standpoint
engineering
Service employees
and related items to the
conveyances
of engineering
personnel
connotes that the
principles
in their
depen-dent
design construction
application
here to be those engineered
upon
engineering
Mechanical Transport
tows
Others
winter
To
special
paper
tramways
similiar
are
principal items are
and surface
aerial
ski lifts
plants
power
and
supply
systems.
parking
and control
with the development of
associated
facilities
structures.
to use one aspect of the engineering
sports and assume the others
winter
defined
is
conveyances.
and sewage treatment
retainage
seems expedient
it
systems and
dams and
avalanche
typify winter
facilities
PRT
sports
recreation sites which
The
function.
Aerial passenger
and cooling
bridges
sports areas
uses involving
transport
is
this
clarify
- Roads
-
Water supply
and heating
areas and winter
ski
winter
uses involving
special
for satisfactory
Facilities
-
Engineered Services
our
in
services
rapid transit
personal
distribution
The term
items used
support
operation
inspection
Winter Sports.
Uses Involving
Special
and maintenance.
are closely
uses that subject
sport special
will
effort
associated
with
mechanical
Since
related.
be used when a
special
activity
described.
AND THE ESTABLISHING FACTORS
RESPONSIBILITIES
As an owner
of land the Government
And
landowner.
since 1946
assumed the
legal
immunity
discretionary
and
in
The
slander.
responsibilities
obligations and
conduct
winter
is
explains some
We
or for which
sports.
conduct which
against unreasonable
of negligence
negligence
risk.
28
a
standard
We
USC 2680
such
Service has
of care or behavior
these are our activities
these standards
harm and
private
a
the Government
has
as libel
legal
accountable.
and action
Among
listed in
where the Forest
may be
of behavior
associated
considered
established
when an
incur a liability
and the injured party has not contributed
for the
with
special
negligence.
uses
Negligent
by law for the protection
injury has
been caused
thereto e.g. through
contributory
or by assumption of the risk.
There may be reasons not based
from becoming
liable.
Act requires that
negligence
held
below the standard
falls
by an
may be
it
to meet
Failure
of others
act
Service.
the exceptions
of the situations
by direction
establish
of the Forest
activities
involving
met
of
privileges
of a private landowner except in cases of sovereign
responsibilities
in
and
Torts Claims Act was enacted
the Federal
functions and
following
to be
Standard of Care.
various
when
to most of the rights
entitled
is
a
prior to
The
person
on any principle of negligence
statute of limitations
file
a damage
commencing
may
claim with
a lawsuit in court.
3
prevent
that would prevent
an
action.
The
the agency responsible
a negligent person
Federal
Tort Claims
for the alleged
There are various
and
willful
this
is
in
degress of misconduct
negligence.
There
absolute
liability
called
the case of Laird vs
is
Nelms
involved
of conduct that
a type
also
or liability without fault.
that claims
produces
States because
or omissions.
The
directive
is
system of the Forest
to determine
a reference
forth the Forest
are also
of performance
Type
involved.
vary. Each
should.
Outdoor
of Use.
To
the extent
recreation. Public
Service
safety
and Control. For permitted
expertise with the objective of reducing
to a
the rules
law
clear-cut
in
sports
part
is
it
many
other laws
and
the nature
vary
setting
derived
level
to his job.
specific
lands.
Special
uses involving
among developed and natural outlets for outdoor
an important consideration
is
no
is
recreational
in
by the Forest
areas-developed
under special use permits.
or constructed
Supervision
know
both native and improved
recreation involves
sports are of increasing importance
winter
winter
that these interpretations
should
engineer
be
not
and regional supplements
Use Acts although
and Multiple
interpretations-of the Organic
may
by negligent or wrongful
caused
uses involving
in special
Court decided
liability
manuals handbooks
including
without negligence
Tort Claims Act only
the Federal
of care for an employee. There
the standard
Service responsibility
from the various
and decisions
Service
wanton
reckless
as
liability
the U.S. Supreme
Recently
waived sovereign immunity for injury to persons or property
acts
such
actions
on the principle of absolute
based
successfully against the United
prosecuted
negligence
in
operations
Forest
Service policy
supervision
and control
to encourage
is
over the operations
of
permittee
permittees
its
minimum.
Engineering
mechanical equipment be
and has placed
Service
Forest
The
Responsibilities.
Service expects
by
a qualified engineer
of care from
The
its
preferably
FSM
and operation
for construction
requirements
same standard
of structures and
Service has directed that the design
for adequacy
certified
similiar
the
Forest
that
engineers
from outside
7320. The
demanded
is
work
the
of a
land-owner
professional person
and he
activities
The
Federal
on
the
suffer
who
as
is
accountable
potential
of
suit
in
engineer
assigned
is
any particular
for damages resulting
is
vulnerable
therefrom.
field
agencies
Tort Claims Act
of special
of
life
subject
to
with the same subject
sets
the standard
a State has relevant laws
uses the Federal
are not
A
duty of an ordinary
negligent
from negligence
free
or
Government employee
for his acts
unless he
involving
must be such
winter
is
acting
Federal
by the
law
that required
is
States.
When
It
is
by State law regarding
activities
associated
can
well
both Federal
However
supreme.
that State requirements
the
liability.
with our
be met. Primarily
and property and the maintenance of law and order within
4
sports fall in
and a State Government.
regulation
the
of care at
use
and regulations pertaining to those
procedures
a wide variety of
or specialty.
operations
liability
in
function.
under the Joint Jurisdiction of the Federal
that Federal
their
to personal
Virtually all instances
and States laws are dealing
the protection
conduct
to
performing a discretionary
Jurisdiction.
some measure
special
for his actions
or damages someone
Federal-State
Federal
forest
Tort Claims Act has imposed the negative and defensive
a public officer
Where
field.
the employees of the Government
injures
established
any other
in
the territorial
of any State are
jurisdiction
may
ordinances
the
the Federal
Government
laws and
Local
authorities.
owes
a landowner
as
to
public.
The Nature
of Use.
landowners
the
of an individual
is
classified
as
that
1
a
of
use for winter
of
legal responsibilities
on the land
most important.
is
2
trespasser
passengers. Almost without exception
paying
land under special
Forest
of persons and the
the legal rights
purpose for the presence
4
and
invitee
In analyzing
the purpose of a visit
Traditionally
3
of State and local
responsibilities
duties which
establish
licensee
using National
persons
on the land or are paying passengers
sports are invitees
re-sponsible
and the Forest
to provide
passenger
Service
reasonable
landowner
as
care for their safety.
tramways or related
for requiring
responsible
legally
is
When
their
sometimes
facilities
permittees to provide
to require licensees
common
as
carriers
we
on the
for the public or invitee
Our
The
land.
use permits
special
of a special
winter
use involving
condition
following
create a legal relationship
are
of care.
degree
Usually a landowner has no duty or responsibility for persons on leased premises.
Service as landowner in the instance
public
the use of aerial
further involves
presence
classified
the same
serving the
arises
between
But the Forest
has the responsibility
sports
from these circumstances
the Government
and
its
permittees.
of
In the instance
a
concession
the landowner retains
Recent
Recent
Legislation.
for the Forest
air
environmental
Service comply
pollution Section
118
Clean-Air
the applicable Federal State Interstate
an extra-hazardous
lands.
The Clean
with State requirements
Amendments
local
new
has introduced
legislation
of public
and
for public use
operation
duty and responsibility to those invited on the land.
non-delegable
Service in its administration
requires that the Forest
of
a
involving
We
are
1963
control
respecting
of 1970.
requirements
legal. responsibilities
Air Act of
as
amended
and abatement
required to comply
respecting
control
with
and abatement
pre-vention
of air pollution to the
to enhance
control
and enjoyable
enacted
to the
Environmental
Forest
those involving
for cooperation
man
environment
laws must be studied
establish
particularly
to such
subject
and abatement of water pollution. Related
harmony between
eliminate damage
Use Act to
is
requirements.
Control
the quality and value of our water resources
provisions of the National
recently
that any person
are incurred under provisions of the Water Pollution
responsibilities
Act intended
same extent
with others
and
environment
his
winter
in
promotes
along with provisions of the Organic
sports.
Our employees
5
or
of man. These
Act and the Multiple
special
incurred additional
use
legal
and most
responsibilities
implementing the provisions of the Occupational Safety
Act of 1970.
an
a productive
to prevent
efforts
and welfare
peculiar to a specific
-
were developed under
This Act encourages
and to stimulate the health
Service responsibilities
Act of 1970
and to exercise the
responsibilities
Policy Act of 1969.
Similar
and Health
MINIMIZING LIABILITY IN THE PERFORMANCE
IN MEETING LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES
INVOLVING WINTER
SPORTS
The
attempts
OF ENGINEERING
AND
DUTIES
ASSOCIA TED WITH SPECIAL USES
respon-sibilities
material
preceding
with
associated
is
to
meeting these
that of a professional
should
It
assignment.
person
objectives of the
Forest
are clearly
rules
Others exist but are
intangible
form of
parallels
the performance
of our
rules
liability.
its
engaged
The
in
employees when
making
available
Service for the performance
in
seek
in
our manuals handbooks
State and Federal
by pleading
of and
laws. Still others
and court
procedures
legal assistance
work
from our established
arise
available
to be knowledgeable
An
either
Act
an
engineering
negligence
to adhere
of the
and
strictly
to
rules.
Most
and
codes
exist
We
actions.
the
in
are obligated
the established
these responsibilities
in clarifying
the
must be performed
service
-a
or passive conduct
is
from
arising
without negligence.
to act or an action.
failure
a negligent performance of a Federal
on the operational
activity
is
active
that
level
Governments being exempt
which an engineer
in
be performed by following
should
best accomplish or fulfill the mission
they are performing a discretionary
exercises a power
the Government
subjects
from
function.
Under
Government
to
liability for the negligence
A
discretionary
or right to act officially
in
function
the
of
in
policy
field.
Avoiding Grievances.
Assignments to our administrative
control
over
contact
with individuals
uses involving
special
definition or other
However
the
Most often
his
Torts
Often
inclusion
assignments
are resolved
winter
sports are
this
in either
is
the standard
varied.
rights
personnel
in
exercising
These assignments
we perform our
while
involve
tasks and
have the benefit of implementation by
or special
clauses of the special
use
permit.
are generally accomplished amiably and problems or differences
based
committed
their
interplay does not
without incident. Occasionally
claim
and engineering
many and
firms and others exercising
fulfill our responsibilities.
arise
work
on
exception
turn being one
less
should
Tort Claims
the Federal
Forest
be performed
should
assignment
It
or precedents.
rules
can be based
Negligence
and readily
established
of Negligence.
Elimination
employee
We
to us.
available
less definitive
by the
amanner to
legal responsibilities
established
standards.
in
in
associated
Service.
Many of our engineering-related
of these
engineering
established
be performed
An
responsibilities.
perform the duties assigned and a suggestion
such assignment.
accepting
and procedures
the instructions
of the interpretation
necessary.
is
Each
Assignments.
legal
the liability inherent in the activities
the field
in
responsibilities
Performance of Engineering
as
standpoint the
The purpose
sports.
of failing to correctly
which might tend to decrease
for procedures
with
uses involving
special
of the consequences
awareness
winter
compliance with the many Acts establishing these
standard
facilitate
from an engineering
to interpret
an individual
is
injured
damaged
upon
by our employees negligence.
Agreements and contracts
which we have
6
failed
to perform or
fulfill.
that
or aggrieved.
against the
Violations
In performing their duties
the highest
of
fulfillment of Forest
permit
and
2
by and
The
in
sports area.
Failure to
The
make
rule
is
enforce
When
personal
his
in
police action
is
required
assuring
use
sports special
controls which are written
inspections
liability
requiring
in
when
that
an engineer has negligently
negligently
1
explicit
is
of law
required
of the
into the permit
will
it
be taken
largely
and State law.
local
Service Manual
Forest
When
with
accord
however
They can function
those assigned.
for areas under a winter
legal responsibilities
Service to
the permittees actions.
inspect
beyond
in activities
principal means of controlling safety practices and thus
Service
are for the Forest
with permittees. They must be mindful
actions
enterprise.
The
Program Enforcement.
and to maintain
to cooperate
expected
are
from time to time but must be careful not to place the Government
with private
competition
Service personnel
relations
their
of a consultant
the capacity
in
Forest
of amicable
level
possible consequences
public interest.
is
inspections
or duty unless his act was outside
will
in
a winter
required they must be performed.
are
to perform an inspection
judgment
facilities
of negligence.
evidence
failed
of
certain inspections
be based
of his authority
on
or performed
an inspection
performing a discretionary
his
or was performed
function
or with
willfully corruptly
malice.
CONCLUSION
The
easily
established
engineering
subject
Without
to variation
from many
use and
to accept
determined by
factors.
study
of the
legal
legislative
also
is
State
special
uses
winter
or local
sports
it
from an
remains broad and
laws and ordinances
of laws governing
our subject
our
nature
and by the precedence
administrative
activities
fields which are established
of our
activities
expected to comply with the standard
enactment
are vast and are not
regulations
in
it
by
current
the past.
of reasonable
prior court decisions
seems
prudence
or a court
by
Exercising his skill and knowledge
engineer
in
Conducting
in a
manner
normally possessed
good standing.
himself as a reasonable prudent
7
of
responsibilities.
ramifications
in
with
narrowed when approached
uses involving
our
or related direction
is
field
Location
other factors affect
Service engineer
jury decision
special
those responsibilities
Service Manual
Forest
Service associated
defined. While the
and limited to
an exhaustive
reasonable
Forest
or clearly
standpoint
the particular
The
of the Forest
legal responsibilities
engineer.
by a professional
WO
OF ENGINEERING NEWS
DIVISION
AND STANDARDS
CONSULTATION
Charles
R. Weller
Assistant Director
Cadastral
Over the years much information
Engineering.
of various
has been assigned to Mr.
Service land surveying
become
Victor
Hedman
on
available
equipment. The applications of
seeking gyro theodolite
north
has
field
equipment to Forest
this
Milwaukee. Several gyro reports have been written some have been published and
two more reports were
The
of Engineering
Division
FSM
Reports
7113.1
Electronic
to all Regions
transmitted
is
EDM and
Measuring
much work
Since
the technique
is
yet to be
map mosaic
done
Cadastral
in
helping
Technical
They
applications.
are as
and
orthophotoplat
terrain
digitizing.
conducted
presently being
tests
and the new or modified systems are being distributed
Engineer.
follows
gyro equipment
progress of equipment
the
revision evaluations
to each Regional
been done or
by
requirements
recently
just
1973.
S.P. Coordinate System
Calculators and the State Plane
Deed
Service land surveying
Forest
25
three areas for Engineering
presently considering
concerning
Distance
FSM 7150
April
Engineer
Cadastral
Regional
utilization
For those of you who are interested
information please contact
by contributing
in
what has
reviewing
your Regional
directly
Cadastral
Engineer.
System Planning
Transportation
Project Analysis
development of the
and handbooks
design
is
also
DeKalb
to resource
will
in
has completed the
ETR-7700-4c. User guides
be distributed by mid-summer. The
traffic
surveillance
draft and will be distributed soon to all Forests. Field units
about these transportation
Berkeley.
analysis models or assistance in technical
development problems are encouraged
transportation
TSPP Leader
TSPP
Project
models described
transportation-analysis
in final
more information
application
Mr.
several
System Planning
Transportation
are being written.and
handbook
desiring
The
No
additional
to contact
development of new transportation
network
analysis models are planned at this time.
A
major TSPP
effort
will
be made
this
summer and
move ahead with implementation where network
to solve current timber resource
transportation
8
fall
on
selected
Forests
analysis techniques
problems.
in
can be
several
Regions to
effectively
utilized
Planning
Revised
of
drafts
FSM
7710 7720
7700 Zero Code and Chapters
are being forwarded to Regions for review.
This material
the outgrowth
is
more detailed
and management task force that was assigned the responsibility for developing
guidelines and policy
for operation
- Planning
engineering
of the transportation
These chapters
system.
have been
to embrace the three principal areas of transportation
and restructured
extensively rewritten
and 7770
of a field planning
and Operation.
Development
Water and Sanitation
A
Operator Certification
water and waste water
ABC formed
itself
to a fast
jointly
in
AWWA
Drinking
now
that draw
sections
A
of the various
Any
water
is
now
end of the calendar
Standards
bills
supply
studying
interest
before
bills
Congress
if
passed would
A
programs.
who
acquaint
the Forest
passed
under any of the
Indications
year with or without an associated
An EPA
bills.
and
might be involved.
our safe
Service in advancing
to replace
is
those interested with
the
set
of
working
are they will be published
bill
States in
the Texas Test.
committee developed a revised
citizens
to be applied
those standards.
assist
many
which have acceptable
entities
will
in
in
of these operators
who have
over 80 percent
mixed emotions from the various
water standards
proposed drinking
committee
There are two
engaged
which they offer
and
lend
and Wastewater
have recently completed
school has been actively
enthusiasm
high percentage
and State legislation
Missouri Water
Neosho
professional and trade publications
one of the
sanitary drinking
The
reside.
Water Legislation
debatable
perusal
The
to enable our
this but the situation does not
reciprocity agreements for the Texas State Test
in the phenomenally
the issues.
some length.
the matter at
necessity
of Boards of Certification
Association
WPCF recognizes
and
a
with various Federal
The
In the interim EPA and the
which our trained operators
displayed
plant operations.
is
where many of our wastewater system operators
training will pursue
obtaining
by
solution.
School
Technical
to comply
systems operators
and to assure quality control
reciprocity program
certification
before
1962 Drinking
the
Water
under which we now operate.
TECHNOLOGICAL
Heyward
IMPROVEMENTS
T. Taylor
Assistant Director
Timber Crib Retaining
retaining structures
cut and
wood
fill
slopes.
- if such
Walls.
to prevent
Road
construction
scarring
In forested areas
it
of
is
in
hillsides
particularly
structures are economically
mountainous
frequently
minimize stream encroachment
requires
and
desirable that these structures be
competitive
9
terrain
with conventional
structures
stabilize
made from
made from
concrete
retaining walls.
Design
crib
fill
stresses
and backfill
three Forest
checks
The
soil
study
Service
bearing
timber
way
crib
Terminals.
Typagraf
to
is
They
teletypes.
field
the structure.
into a final report.
incorporated
program on Forest
Service computers.
being distributed Service-wide
years
11
prove to be
will
and others concerned
materials engineers
with
Service-wide
a contract
will
per second
for sending
model name
also
is
or receiving
Forests.
for Regional
Delivery of both terminal
and project
types
accept
order
The
is
a contract
price
is
-
$4400
per terminal.
should
and acoustical couplers. The
cassettes
offices.
The
purchase
1
begin by July
price
is
will
25 for Regional
portable terminals
to supply
rates
from a regular
the headpiece
for 49 terminals
purchase
at
They
for storing data.
cassettes
terminals are suitcase-size will print 80 characters
equipped with magnetic tape
18 terminals
and receive data
per line transmit
will
initial
was awarded
Inc.
EXECUPORT. The
which
The
data.
or rental of
semi-portable terminals. These terminals are
have magnetic tape
will
are computer
for the purchase
Service units.
to supply
and 24 for National
Systems
were awarded
contracts
print 132 characters
and
have been under way to make the
efforts
Vital ingredients in this accessibility
units.
terminals by Forest
was awarded
Inc.
Computer Transceiver
Recent
including
designs
within
points
stress
program have been
designers
soils as
movements on
computer program was developed which
and various
currently
During the past
of computer
and project offices
and are
A
detail.
to install this computer
be equipped with acoustical couplers
telephone
in
movement
for structural
May 1973
up to 30 characters
for
WO
the
accessible to
terminals. During
also
in
the suitability
wall
the structural
of various
Seven different standard
devices.
were analyzed
1
retaining walls.
computer more
two types
connecting
wall
2
devices
of settlement and differential
the effect
well as the computer
as
useful reference
Computer
similiar
designs
agreement with the Forest
and analysis of timber crib
were evaluated including
cribs
connecting
their
the final report which
believe
a highly
3
pressure
findings
Plans are under
We
and
members and
timber
in
for timber
criteria
members and
quality of timber
of a cooperative
the terms
of Idaho has recently completed a study
the University
Service
Under
or other materials.
steel
also
per line
initial
$4400
- the
order
is
per terminal.
1973.
Publications
Annual
A
EDT
Plans and Progress Report
Minimum Water
Gloves
for Forest
Toilet Fixture
Workers
Improved Emergency
Specification
7 100-00
1
for
- The
EQUIP TIPS
Ration
Downdrains
Washington
Duner
March
1973.
1973.
June
Flexible Coated
1973.
Fabric
- Forest
Service Specification
b.
Information Retrieval Systems and Services
Listing
509 EQUIP TIPS
March
EQUIP TIPS
Office 1972 and 1973.
ASTM
Standardization
News
10
March
in
the Geotechnical
1973.
Field
- An
Annotated
A
Study and Analysis of Timber Crib Retaining
Idaho
of
University
Walls
Engineering
Civil
Report 73-1
April 1973.
OPERATIONS
Harold
Strickland
L.
Assistant Director
Jack
Dale O.
Frost
forest
road and
Frank
Hammond
Management
work
based
is
on
field
is
analyzing coordinating
FY
budget process
be forthcoming
transmitted
7410/13
1975
to Regional
31
Engineering
Services Study.
recommended
engineering
Service-wide
engineering
organization
the
WO
in
in
Engineering
in
Nelsons
are Jim Onishick
34
years
and Marion
our Geometronics section
1973 Regional
Engineers meeting
organization be studied
support
the Regional
for better ways of
with
recommendations
National
career opportunities
Forest
out
Forest
in
goals.
for fiscal year
input
study
being
of the engineering
job
11
with the Service-wide
the Chiefs Financial Planning
organization
conducted
quality engineering
specialized areas
ties in
1974 and the foreseeable
to the total
of the study
goals
This
boundaries
of Regional
become
will
a study
ways of organizing to best accomplish the
alternative
of National
The recommendations coming
group has been making
Operations
various
and the program direction
services
specifics
C.
on the use of P.L. 92-500 funds in
years of government service
many
the engineering
study the realinement
account supporting
Water and Sanitation program were
drafting.
Advice
its
on the
information
services.
and analyzing
job
Program for the Future and-the
and related reporting procedures.
During the March
that
the National
and Area Directors by Mr. T.
years. Jim has been working
as an illustrator
then
material contains
Service after
worked
Since
he
include
of Field Notes.
issues
Service Potable
for project selection
and Marion Shoquist
providing
The
of 6/14/73.
criteria
Engineers
subsequent
Station Directors
Foresters
Retiring from the Forest
has
in
member of
data from the field. Additional
alternative
for implementing a Forest
10 letter
FY 1974
will
budget proposals. The teams
and preparing
data submitted in the Environmental
program budget for
Instructions
responsibilities
has been a
Management
engineer Engineering
staff
will
Jacks
section.
and pollution abatement program coordination.
trail
System team that
Forest
Office about the first of July where
be reporting to the Washington
will
will assume duties in the Engineering
This study
future.
study.
by the Operations
economy
and preserving our best
group take into
of providing
talents
engineering
during
severe
budget
The
restrictions.
should
study
outcome
force regardless of the
All Regions have been involved
and accurately
Regional
supplying
in
with a strengthened
engineering
reorganization.
to the study and have responded promptly
input
work
heavy Regional
despite
each Region
help to provide
of the
loads and pressures.
kind of teamwork
This
is
appreciated.
Our
Geometronics.
how we
rethink
We
multifunctional
not
is
Most of our resource
This
to this
system
will
is
is
a good
for todays
in
-
task
a
new
the soon-to-be
Figure
It
is
can
no
longer
prepared
be
in
by the
the preparation
base materials are already
series
Secondary
Regional
series
series
Bringing the materials
still
envision
be a
a
- nearly
sizable
10-year
-
up
job
period
mapping
revision of
tied
to a
system and some of
must concentrate
the unique information
its
1
of our
all
base. These layers
output.
- some of
data.
Our
support
-
planning.
for the most part
over 80 percent
100 percent
to date and incorporating
Under
present
for full implementation.
12
orthophotos and our functional
manpower and
funding
efforts
which have duplicated
on supplementing base maps
to
will
products.
Survey for the basic
we need
Service.
illustrates
60 percent
however.
It
data together
7140. Figure
data banks and a format for displaying the
We
available
specialists.
this
system for the Forest
FSM
common
and maintenance of base maps
agencies.
USGS - with
functional
be to ultimately incorporate
will
system
the source material for the
of other Federal
Primary
will
INFORMs
broader
important to note our reliance on the U.S. Geological
the efforts
The
into a coordinated
to
input
illustrates
together
tied
of Bear
of resource opportunities.
investigation
published
mapping
systematic
on
-
system
the north side
one we cannot afford to continue.
functional
efforts
reference
Pine
on a wide variety of maps and graphics. Putting
need we have developed
be reflected
common
has been compiled by the appropriate
information
concept of the system. The objective
2
to a digital form and used in
stand of Sugar
the overall
provide
others.
less in
to be converted
reference
sufficient
and time-consuming
a frustrating
In response
there
has been displayed
consequently
is
it
by with
oriented data must be related to a
spatially
Mountain
if
get
us to
making
decision
planning.
space. Just knowing
in
- can
areas
data must be non-biased
computer-assisted
The
some
in
of the past few years have caused
efforts
and display data to support
manipulate
collect
need more data
The
planning
constraints
layers
we
Individual
Layers.
Work Maps
COMPOSITE
LAYER COMBINATION
-SOIL
TIMBER
TYPES
A
-
C
F
G
TYPES
TRANS-PORTATION
B
C
C
F
...
G
ORTHOPHOTOS
CONTOURS
D
TRANSPORTATION
PLANNING MAP
I.
E
C
G
DRAINAGE
LAND LINES
SOIL TYPE MAP
TIMBER
TYPE MAP
F
C
G
F
G
Figure
1.
- Multi-Layer
STATUS
System for Providing
13
Work Maps
MAP
Source Data
USGS
Products
PRIMARY
1 24000
PRIMARY
DATA
Land Status
PLATES
Timber Information
Range
Transportation
FUNCTIONAL
FS
Information
DATA.
System
Land Use Zones
OVERLAYS
Types
Fuel
SECONDARY
1126720
SECONDARY
DATA
Forest
PLATES
Transportation
System
Recreation
FUNCTIONAL
DATA
OVERLAYS
Series
Folder
Photo Index
Report Map
Fire Closure
REGIONAL
12500000
USGS
REGIONAL
DATA
-
PLATES
FS
INDEX
_
Regional
AND
RECORD LAYERS
Figure
2.- Forest
Service
Base Series
14
Map
Products
Adm. Map
Map
Status
Photo
Index
I
FS