AN ABSTRACT OF TIIi TIIE$IS OF
- for the _Ed._M - - j
(Degree)
ThQmaq_AlpUou1Q Wells
(Name)
_August - 1950
Dete thesis 15 presented
33'UDENTGOV111NiENT
Title
---
Education
(Major)
- -
___________
Redacted for Privacy
Abstract approved - -
-
-/
(Major Pr!5sor)
This thesis is a study of some of the student government
States and its terriorganizations in the schools of the Tnited
their
plans of organization
tories, in order to collect and examine committees,
kinds of projfor suggestions as to type of officers,
they
are
attempting
ects, roajonsiblities, their problems and how
to solve them.
On the basis of the findings of the survey, the followlug is a list of general conclusions and recommendations:
Of the schools surveyed, nine had established coun1920-30; 17 between the
cils between the years 1913-20; 38 between
while
12 of the schools indiyears 1930-40; sovenb etween 1940-50;
constitution.
cated no date. All of these schools used a written
that
of home room
The most commonly used form of organization was
student body
officers
elected
from
the
representative in addition to
at large.
1.
The principal in most cases was the individual that
caused the council to be installed.
Primary airrs for organization of the student council
faculty and s tudents
wore the desire for closer relationship between
participation
on
the
part
of the students
arid a desire ror greater
The
council
now
sponsors
many types
in the affairs of the school.
orientation
programs
for new
of activities, the most cornon beirg:
baskets,
and
money
collecting
students, Thanksgiving and Christmas
drives for worthy causes. The chief duties and
the council were those of handling assembly prograras, publishing
noon hour activity progrsms, the apstudent hand books, conductingand
acting as a clearing house for
proval of new organizations,
school problems in general.
.
responsibilities of
In many cases, the principal acts as the adviser to
tendency to use the
the council. However, there appears to be a
from
faculty and the students cooperatively in selecting an adviser
the faculty.
Councils rarely make the practice of levying an assess
4.
ment or tax upon the pupils. However, a great majority partIcipated
in collecting money for charitable purposes. The funds in connection
membe:
with co-curricular activities were usually handled by a faculty
3.
5.
The majority of
the schools indicated
satisfaction
with the typo of organization being used. however, they indicated
and teachers, as well as
a lack of interest among the students
ineffective comnittee work. A program of education was considered
the best method for solving their problems.
executive
and legislative powers were commonly
a small per cent using judicial
employed by most schools and onlystudent
organigation is carried on
powers. Most of the work of the
scholarship
requirements
necessary for particiby committeee with
6.
The
pat I on.
follows:
Recommendations on the basis of the findIngs are as
1.
All Schools
have a form of student government in
which the rupils may take an active part in the governing of the
co-curricular program within the lirnts of their ability. Also,
a program of education needs to be developed to acquaint the
faculty as veil as the students with the proper procedures, functions, and duties involved in the successful operation of democrat.tc practices In a student organization.
2. The work of the school organization should be distrimajor portion of
buted among a sufficient number of committees, the
large.
whose membership should be selected from the student body at
A regular time for council meetings should be
scheduled within the school day and the proceedings of the council
taken back and discussed in the home room groups.
3.
The students should take an active part in the financial program of the organization. But, the student council
should not be used as a collecting agency for all charitablç'6rganizatlons.
4.
All school organizations shall have a written constitution and they should be built for practical use.
5.
All members of the student body and the faculty shou
in
be made to feel that they are an important and necessary cog
represent
the
school
organization,
with
the successful operation of
tion on the council.
6.
Since the co-curricular program plays an important
part in the over-all education of the pupil, part of it should be
financed by the Board of Education through regular taxation, in the
same manner as the academic program. This program should be proper
supervised by a faculty member, whose responsibilities will be that
of director of co-curricular activities, and shall be given ample
time during the school day to supervise these activities.
7.
12
136U0R
5/92 3Be5
TH 1')C")
IJUJ
STUDENT GOVERNIVNT
by
THOMAS ALPHONSE VELLS
A ThESIS
8ubrnitted to
OREGON STATE COLLEGE
In partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the
degree of
MASTER OF EDUCATION
June 1951
APPROVED:
Redacted for Privacy
Professor and Hea4/f Department of Education
In Charge of Major
Redacted for Privacy
Chairman of SchcpVGraduate Committee
Redacted for Privacy
Dean of Graduate School
Date thesis i8 presented August 3, 1950
Typed by Regina Long
p
AC KNOWLEDGELIENT
sincere
The writer takes this opportunity to express
appreciation to Dr. Franklin R. Zeran for his
interest and valuable assistance, and to dedicate this
study to his
faith
wife,
Verna, whose encouragement and
were an inspiration to continue.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
CHAPThII I - Introduction .
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CHAPTER IT - Ht9tory of the Student Council
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CHAPTER IV - Conolusions and Reooxmnendations
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93
BIBLIOGRAPHY .
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101
APPENDIX .
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105
CUAFTER 11.1 - Findings .
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STUDENT GOVERNMENT
Introduction
Although the basic ideas end principles of
Student Govornment are centuries old, its use in the
American schools is comparatively new. During the past
two or three decades, student participation has spread
rapidly and can no longer be considered an innovation or
an experiment.
Student Government without "student participa-
tion" offers little or no educational training for
citizenship in a democracy. if this is one of our goals,
then that preparation should begin as early as possible
by active participation in the type of responsibilities
they are to assume.
Too often Student Government is not practiced
and operated by the students but a "picture program" is
aet up by the faculty and administration to satisfy
their conscience for the need of such a program in the
school curriculum. The program should be a cooperative
effort where the students exercise a feeling of ft'eedom
in initiating their own projects and solving their own
problems, with the aid and cooperation of the faculty
and administration.
Given an opportunity, pupils will prove their
ability to reason for themselves and work out satisfac-
tory
solutions to their problems.
Participation and
representation of all members of the school organization
would be ideal.
Student and faculty leaders and the
administration should make a constant effort to attain
this goal.
Student participation should involve worth-
while, realistic problems that create genuine living
situations within the school.
The purpose of thisstudywas to collect and
examine the plans of organization in other schools for
suggestions as to the type of officers, committees, kinds
of projects, responsibilities, their problems andhow
they are attempting to solve them.
The organization of the student council must
certainly depend on local needs, and develop from within
if it is to be successful.
However, an examination of
the plans of organization and practices being used in
various schools in the United States, and in the terri-
tories, may aid materially in the successful formation
and operation of a local student council.
The study is based upon returns from a ques-
tionnaire sent to 150 schools, picked at random, in the
3
United States and the territoriea.
There were 83 re-
turns, and these participating schools are listed in the
Appendix.
4
CHAPTER II
History
The "Student Council" organization as we know
it today is a rather recent development in our school curriculum.
However, the basic idea dates back as far as
Plato, 386 B.C., where reference is made to the "Irenes",
or pupil companies under the direction of the older boys,
in accounts of Spartan boarding schools.
After the fall of the Grecian state, the
philosophy of the student council was apparently nonexistent until the Revival of Learning when the idea
again emerged.
In 1428, Vittorino da Feltra, "the first
modern school master" who taught privately at Padua and
Venice and later at the University of Venice, established
a court school.
His educational philosophy and psychol-
ogy were quite modern.
He believed in making education
attractive and developed a
curriculum that was based
upon
natural interests and abilities, and built around active
and constructive projects which, he held, would
an immediate introduction to a useful and
furnish
happy life.
Da Feltra was probably the first promoter of interscholastic athletics.
Here the students assumed most of
the responsibility for these events.
5
In 1531, at Goldberg, Germany, Valentino
Trotzendorf organized a plan or participation that was
built around a senate of 12 elected representatives, a
lRrger council, and the necessary administrative and recording officers.
Under this plan, the older and more
competent students were assigned to help teach the
younger.
Rousseau, Froebel, and Pestalozzi added impetus
Their
to the development of the student council idea.
work was designed largely for the purpose of the s tudent
discovering, understanding, and developing himself as an
individual by training throughactual social settings and
relationship for a life with others.
In this s etting, the
boy learns to follow, to lead, and to cooperate.
In 1797, Rev. Andrew Bell published a report of
his work in using mutual or monitorial instruction in a
school in India.
This plan was later used in many schools
in England and on the continent arid in America.
Tjnder
this plan, the monitor, one of the older pupils, was as-
signed as an assistant teacher to a group of the younger
pupils.
These monitors handled most of the detail work of
the school, checking absences, assigning pupils to
classes, examining and promoting pupils, etc.
was used purely for economic reasons.
This pi
One paid teacher
oould handle a large school with the help of several unpaid monitors.
In America, one of the first accounts of student
council work is given in The Students' Gazette of the
William Penn Charter School, July 23, 1777, telling how the
boys "actuated by a noble principle and desirous to pre-
vent the ill effects of internal broils, established a
constitution founded on their own authority." In this
plan an "assembly" was chosen every month, and was "empowered to make such laws as they thought necessary or
useful." Judges and other necessary officers were elected
by the students. All offenders were tried publicly. The
writer states concerning the value of such experiences,
"This will certainly be of great advantage to them hereafter for when they are arrived at manhood and entered
upon the busy scenes of life, they will be useful members
of society and qualified to serve their country in distinguished posts of honor and profit."
The Lancastrian system, or the monitoria]. system, was incorporated into the New York High School in
1925 and goon spread through New England as far south as
Georgia and as far west as Cincinnati, Louisville and
Detroit. This system paved the way for the development of
student participation by demonstrating that, when properly
7
selected, trained
and supervised, students can actually
handle many of the school's affairs.
Dr. Bernard Cronson initiated "Self-Government"
in the form of a "school city" in the New York
choo1s in
1893.
In 1916, William R. George designed as a plan
to fill the gap between leaving school and voting ages,
the "Junior City" of Ithaca, New York.
organized like Ithaca, with
This plan was
a mayor, council,
and other
municipal officials.
Several studies have been made which indicate
that, although the movement originated several centuries
ago, its greatest growth has been quite recently.
An
investigation made by I. C. Lent in 1938 of 160 councils
disclosed that the median age was
nine years,
that the
oldeat had been in existence for 25 years, and that nine
have been operative f or at least 15 years.
Other studies show that by now more than 50 per
cent of American
from about 1925.
secondary a ohool student councils
date
Data on the growth of the association of student councils will show remarkable development in the
past 25
years.
The first convention of the Illinois
Association of Student Councils held in 1936 showed an
attendance of 25 delegates
front
five schools.
At the
El]
eighth annual convention held in Chicago in 1944, 1,048
deiegats were registered on the first day of a two-day
sesninn.
In 1931, student leaders encouraged by
Dr. Willis A. Sutton, Superintendent of Schools, Atlanta,
Georgia, organized the National Association of Student
Officers, which later was re-named the National Association of Student
Councils.
At Denver in 1942, executive
action was taken to have the National Association of
Secondary School Principals become the sponsor for the
National Association of Student Councils.
In addition to the above, there are a number
of other organizations that promote council interest and
Some of these are affiliated with the
activities.
national associations.
These organizations may be
classified as local (New York City, Detroit Metropolitan
Area), district (Illinois, six districts plus state organization, border cities of southeastern Michigan),
state (Colorado, Indiana, Pennsylvania, West Virginia),
and regional (Northwest Federation of Student Councils,
Central States Federation of Student Councils, Southern
Association of Student Government, New England Regional
Association).
maintained
These organizations have established and
anexcellent
and functional medium for the
exchange of helpful ideas.
Their meetings have resulted
[]
In clearer objeotive, greater knowledge, and increased
enthusiasm, all of which together have meant a broadened
scope and an augmented importance)
This material was taken from Harry C. McKown's "The
Student Council", Chapter 1., pp.1-24.
10
CHAPTER III
Findings
Year Student Council was Organized
The majority of the schools participating have
had student councils for at least 20 years.
Many of
these schools have revised their reorganization to more
nearly fit the present needs of the student body.
It is
of interest to note that Holland High School of Holland,
Michigan, had its student council organized in 1913;
that Kensington High School of Philadelphia, Pennaylvartia, had its council organized in 1914; and Newport
News High School of Newport News, Virginia, was organized sometime between 1916 and 1920.
New Brunswick
Senior High School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, organized
its council in 1916, and Roosevelt High School of Washlngton, D. C. and Louisville Girls High School of Louisville, Kentucky, were organized in 1917.
West Senior High School, Columbus, Ohio; Sudlow Junior
High School, Davenport, Iowa; and Hartford Public High
School of Hartford, Connecticut, organized their
councils in 1919.
Wauwatosa High School, Wauwatosa,
Wisconsin; Thomas Junior High School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Senior High Schook, Omaha, Nebraska; Wiley High
11
School, Terre Haute, Indiana; Boise Junior High School,
Boise, Idaho; and Marysville Union High School of Marys-
viil, California, organized their councils in 1920.
Tubman High School of Augusta, Georgia, was a
charter member of G. A. S. G., established before the
state organization of student governments of 18 to 20
years ago.
Of the schools surveyed, nine had established
councils betwoen 1913-1920, 38 between 1920-1930, 17 between 1930-1940, and seven between 1940-1950.
It is evident that student councils have been
in operation for a great length of time, and as a result,
the prevailing philosophy must certainly have undergone
changes many times in the intervening years.
Specific Purpose for Organization
The specific reasons for organizing the council
are many and varied.
University School of Bloomington,
Indiana, states "the purpose of the council is to give
its members experience in democratic living.
It does not
seek to control or direct the school; rather, it is intended as an instrument of expression for the student
body.
It provides a means for cooperative effort on the
part of teachers and studenis and, particularly, it
12
provides an opportunity for self-control which may become as comprehensive as the members of the student body
show themselves capable of using."
Lyons Township High School of La Grange, liiinois, states its purpose is
t0 share the government of
the school with the students, and to give them oppor-
tunity for experience in the processes of democratic
action."
Tucson High School, Tucson, Arizona, states
"the purpose of this organization shall be to sponsor
the activities of the Student Body in the school; to
create among the students an interest in Student Body affairs and to arouse in them a greater spirit of cooperation and school loyalty; to create between the students
and faculty a closer union and better understanding and
to eradicate all elements detrimental to the welfare and
progress of this organization and allow the true spirit
of democracy to prevail."
The West Senior High School of Columbus, Ohio,
states that its purposes are ttto establish a closer con-
tact between students and faculty, to promote a higher
standard of scholarship, to bring about a student
management of all school activities, and to secure the
loyal cooperation of the entire student body in all
matters pertaining to the welfare of our school."
Perry High School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
1its its purposes, "to prepare leaders to serve in our
democracy, to develop school morale, to teachrespect
for school regulations, to develop and make use of
special abilities, and to meet responsibilities and obligations ."
Kamehameha School for Girls, Kapalama Heights,
Honolulu, states its specific purpose" in order to develop a fine and useful school spirit, to promote self
government and cooperation, and to inculcate the practice of the Golden Rule."
Newport News High School, Newport News, Virginia, states its purpose "in order to foster the sentiment for law and order in the Newport News High School,
to provide opportunities for student cooperation in the
internal government of the school, to promote worthy student activities, and the general welfare of the school
and to give the students training for citizenship."
Phillips High School of Birmingham, Alabama,
states that "The purpose of this organization shall be
to propose and promote all matters of school interest,
to discover and develop the best in each student, to
broaden his viewpoint, and to instill in him loyalty and
patriotism."
The Newton High School of Newtonville,
14
Mas3aChUSOttS, states that its purpose "shall be to combine the school into a 'civil body politic, for the better ordering and preservation and furtherance' of the
good name, spirit, and traditions of the Newton High
School, that there may be framed and enacted such just
laws that the liberty of all may be preserved."
The Evanston Township High School of Evanston,
Illinois, states that, "it tries not to 'run the school'
but rather discover the opinion of the students, and to
cooperate with the faculty in the regulation of high
school life.
Its purpose is to solve', or at least to
recognize and be sympathetic with, the many problems
arising between administration and pupils, faculty and
pupils, and among the pupils themselves.
Its suggestior
are, therefore, those aimed toward the level of the stu-
dent body as a whole."
The following interesting quotations show the
desire for a closer relationship between faculty and students and a desire for a greater participation on the
part of students in the affairs of the school:
1.
To interest and practice students in the
control of themselves and their own activities.
2.
The belief that self-government develops to
a higher degree character, leadership,
15
scholarship, and a desire for unselfish
service.
3.
To govern the Extra-Curricula Program.
4.
To form a working partnership between the
faculty and the student body.
5.
To promote closer relationships between
Student Body
6.
and
faculty.
To serve the school
in
whatever capacity
it was called upon.
7.
To give the student body a feeling of con-
tributing to school life, democracy in
action, make school a cooperative activity.
8.
To provide an opportunity for student par-
ticipation in school policy.
9.
To provide student voice in student activities.
10.
To create interest,
loyalty; to
to
arouse spirit and
create closer union between stu-
dents and faculty; and to have the true
spirit of democracy.
11.
For the development of democratic ideals and
civic responsibility.
12.
To provide an agency for training in democratic citizenship.
16
13.
For the purpose of maintaining the maximum cooperative relationship between the
student body and school authorities.
14.
To promote faculty student cooperation for
school progress and to prepare for participation in our national democracy.
Person or Organization Prompting the Installation of the
C ounc 11.
In the majority of oases, it was found that the
principal was the individual who caused the student cou.nci]. to be installed.
However, other individuals and or-
ganizations have been responsible, such as found in Garfield High School, Seattle, Washington, where students
suggested a plan to the principal who helped them carry it
out.
At Lyons Township High School at La Grange, Illinois,
the Girls' Club Board and the Boys' Club Council were responsible for the organization of the Student Council.
At
University School, Bloomington, Indiana, a member of the
Physical Education Department saw the need of such an organization in a new school, and "pushed" its establishment.
A committee was formed that worked out the plane.
At
Bloomington High School, Bloomington, Indiana, their first
council was a Girls' Council sponsored by the Dean of
girls and administration.
At Roosevelt Junior High School,
17
Alton, Illinois, Wilma V. Pierce prompted the installation of the 3tudent council in 1925, and has acted as its
sponsor since its inception.
At River Rouge High School,
Rivor Rouge, Michigan, a class in school government
prompted the installation of the student government.
The
constitution was written by them, and submitted to the
student body, the faculty, administration "including mem-
bers of the School Board of Education" for approval.
At Holland High School, Holland,
Michigan,
the
Student Council, as indicated earlier, had its organiza'.
tion in 1913, was started by the senior class.
At Sea
Breeze High School, Daytona Beach, Florida, The Honor
Society prompted the reorganization of the Student Counoil in 1939 after a lapse of nine years.
The Council was
first organized by Mr. F. A. Berger, while at Western
Velna
High School, Macomb, Illinois, Miss
Sollars, the
Commerce instructor, prompted the installation of the
student council.
At Woodlawn High School, Birmingham,
Alabama, a group of leading boys, "Boosters Club", organized the first student council in 1922.
High School, Honolulu, Hawaii, Mi.
At McKinley
Miles E. Cary, ard
the public speaking classes were r esposib1c. for the
installation of the Student Council.
At
. 3. Tilden
High School, Brooklyn, New York, the principal, Board of
Education, and the student body worked together for the
lu
orgRnization of the Student Council in 1930.
of Organization
Results of this survey show that many types
and combinations are used in the organization plan of
the student council.
This substantiates the philosophy
that any student council must depend upon local needs.
However, an examination of the plans of organization
used in the different schools will give some suggestions
as to the types of officers, committees and functions
which might be utilized in the development of a local
situation.
Ball High School of Galveston, Texas, has a
school-wide election each spring, at which time the stu-
dent body elects four officers to serve for the following
school year (president, vice-president, secretary,
treasurer).
At the beginning of each term, each home
room elects a representative to the Council.
The Council
then elects from its own members the other officers:
Sergeant-at-arms, reporter, parliamentarian, and corresporiding secretary.
Wauwatosa High School at Wauwatosa, Wisconsin,
has a council composed of one representative from each
home room plus a representative from each recognized
school organization not already represented by a home
19
room member.
The president is elected by the student
body from a choice of four previously selected by the
Council.
The second high person becomes vice-president;
the secretary, treasurer, and a fifth board member are
chosen by the Council.
The Seabreeze High School of Daytona Beach,
Florida, follows the national government plan.
As such,
it; is based on the three branches of the Federal Government.
The executive department is composed of the
president, a vice-president and a judge (who must be
seniors), and a secretary-treasurer (who may be a junior
or senior).
These individuals are nominated in open as-
emb1y and campaign speeches may be given.
The legisla-
tive branch is vested in a senate consisting of two members elected by each of the six classes of the high
school, each semester, by secret ballot, following the
general election of officers.
Each class shall elect one
boy senator arid one girl senator.
The judicial depart-
ment consists of a judge who appoints other officers of
the court such as assistant judge, senior high and junior
high proaecuting attorneys, bailiff, court reporters,
sheriff, and other officers, as he shall see fit, with
the advice and consent of the senate.
It is interesting
to note that the president is the captain of the Sea-
breeze student police and that four student police, or
more if needed, are to be appointed by the president,
wlth the advice and consent of the senate.
At South High School in Omaha, Nebraska, the
membership of the Student Council shall be composed of
two representatives from each of the organized freshmen,
sophomore, junior and senior classes, the senior B
president, eight students nominated by the clubs and receivirig the highest student vote, and four students
named by the council from a list of eight submitted to
it by the commission under a set of rules guaranteeing
the selection shall be based on meritorious service as
committeemen.
George Stevens Academy of Blue Hill, Maine, is
somewhat different in that the treasurer is elected from
three Commercial students nominated by the Commercial
teacher, the students elect one of the three candidates.
All other positions are elected with the president
(Senior); Vice-President (Junior); Secretary (Senior);
Treasurer (Junior).
sentative.
Each class has a girl and boy repre-
The Principal is the advisor with the power
of veto.
At Holland High School in Holland, Michan,
the city government plan is used.
into seven wards.
The school is diVd5d
Every year in May, two students are
elected by each ward to serve as Aldermen from that ward.
This makea a total of 14 Aldermen or Council members.
At the same time, a mayor, clerk, treasurer, and a chief
of police are elected by the entire student body.
The Samuel J. Tilcien High School, Brooklyn,
New York, uses the following plan of organization:
The administration of the G. 0. shall be controllecl by three bodies; namely, a Board of Governors,
t.he Student Parliaments, and the Executive Committee.
Board of Governors:
A.
Organization
The Board of Governors shall consist of:
1. The Principal, who shall act as chairman.
2. The President, Vice-President, the PM
Governor, and the Secretary of che G-.O.,
all of whom shall have voting power.
3. Four (4) students elected from the Executive Committee of the G.O. by the Student
Parliaments for a term of one school
semester - two from Early Session and two
from Late Session, each of whom are to be
elected by their respective Parliaments
and each of whom are to have voting power.
4. Three teachers chosen by the Principal.
5. The Faculty Advisor of the G.O.
6. The AdminIstrative Assistants (3).
B.
Meetings
The Board of Governors shall meet when the
necessity for it arises. The Board shall meet
at least three (3) times during each school
semester.
(The Board shall make it a policy,
however, to meet as soon after the Student
Parliament meetings as possible).
The Student Parliament:
A.
The Student Parliament shall consist of:
1. A G.0. Representative of the official
class or the alternate in the absence of
22
the G.O. Representative.
2. Officers of the G.O. (The Faculty Ad-
visor is in an advisory capacity).
The Executive Coinniittee:
A.
Purpose
In order to expedite the transaction of the
G.O. business, the work of the Student Parliaments has been subdivided into committees.
B.
Organization
The Executive Committee of the G.O. shall con-
sist of the G.O. officers--President, Vice-
President, Secretary and the PM Governor - and
nine (9) G.O. Representatives, one from each
grade including a representative from a fourth
term commercial class, each to be elected by
the representatives of their respective grades,
all of whom (the members of the Executives) are
to have voting power.
Of these nine representatives, four (4) shall
then be elected by the Student Parliaments to
the Board of Gcvernors--2 from Early Session
and 2 from Late Session, each chosen by their
respective Parliaments. The Prezdent of the
G.O. shall be the Chairman of the Executive
Committee.
Each member of the Executive Com-
mittee shall serve a term of office of one
school semester.
The John G. Carlisle School at Covirigton, Kentucky, is made up of a council of home room presidents.
The four officers are nominated by the teachers and voted
upon by the entire student body. These officers, together with the president of each home room, make up the
Student Council.
At Little Rock Senior High School, Little Rock,
Arkansas, in addition to the regular council which is
U
23
made up of the president, vice-president, twelfth grade
representative, eleventh grade representative, tenth
grade representative, and one representative from each
home room, the school operates what is known as the
Principal's Cabinet.
This organization consists or the
principal, who shall serve as the presiding officer; the
sponsors of the council, the president, the vice-president, three representatives-at-large, the secretary, and
a member elected by and from the faculty.
shall have a vote.
Each member
To the principal shall be reserved
the veto power.
Shorewood High School, Shorewood, Wisconsin,
has a Student Council which consists of the president of
each home room, elected by the members of said home room;
the presidents of grades 9, 10, 11, and 12; the heads of
the committees; and the judge of the Student Court.
Garfield uig)a School, Seattle, Washington, is
entirely different, in that the members are boys' and
girls' club officers and class presidents.
The girls'
and boys' club officers meet with the principal and advisors to discuss policies and make decisions.
Occa-
sionally, this body refers matters to the student body
which takes action in the roll rooms.
24
Student Council Committees
Since Student Councils are set up for the purpose of establishing a cooperative system of government
with the faculty as well as to promote self-government
and cooperation and to develop a spirit of democracy, it
is not unusual to find a considerable portion of the
constitutions in all the schools devoted to the committees.
Some of the interesting Student Council committees
are round in Ponca City High School, Ponca City, Okiahoma,
where
th ey have a committee on committees, and then
committees for
specific purposes such as:
(1)
Budget and project (Council activities).
(2)
Citizenship (carry out best citizen election each month).
(3)
School publication assembly (schedule on
rooms for
the color ritual and reminding
groups presenting programs iel1 ahead of
the date).
(4)
Publicity (all events of the school for
the public).
(5)
Social activities (of the Council).
(6)
School spirit (promote traditional school
spirit contest among home rooms).
(7)
Hospitality (before assemblies and on
special occasions).
vr
L)
(8)
Movies (free movies at lunch hours).
(9)
Council dinners and entertainment.
(10)
School improvement (alert to needs and to
opportunities).
(11).
Constitutional (for revisions).
McKinley High School in Honolulu, Hawaii, has
the following:
(1)
Student committees:
(a) Community relations
(b) Health and Safety
Cc) Library and magazine
(d) Social
(a) Guidance
(f) World relations
(2)
Bureau, Councils, etc.:
(a) Assembly Bureau
(b) Boys' Athletic Commission
(c) Girls' Athletic Commission
(d) IdentificatIon Bureau
(e) Permanent Building and Property Dopartment
(1') School Spirit Council
(g) Student Organization Commission
(h) Safety Board
26
(i) Vocational Guidance and
Placement
Bureau
The Nathan Hale Junior High School of New
Britain, Connecticut, has a social commLttee, a school
Improvement committee, a scholarship committee, a historical committee and a safety committee.
At Ridgowood High School, Ridgewood, New Jersoy, we
find the
duties of sub-committees defined as
follows:
The duties of the Grounds Committee shall
be to deal with problems concerning the
appearance and care of the campus.
The duties of the Corridor Committee shall
be to regulate the traffic in the corridors and on the stairways.
The duties of the Student ActivitIes Committee shall be to maintain and to be
responsible for the campus refreshment
stand and other financial ventures. This
committee shall also regulate the displays
in the hail showcases.
The duties of the Clubs CormIttee shall be
to help the clubs work in harmony with one
another. Each club shall have an elected
member on this committee,
The duties of the Publicity Committee shall
be to publicize Student Council, Student
Committee, and Sub-Committee activities.
The duties of the House Committee shall be
to deal with problems concerning the appearance and care of the building.
The duties of the Cafeteri.a Committee shall
be to deal justly with any problem relating
27
to student conduct, and the general appearance and care of the cafeteria.
Reading Senior High School, Reading, Pennaylvania, has the following:
The Executive Committee shall consist of:
(a) Four members of the 12th grade, plus
the President and Vice-President.
(b) Three members of the 11th grade, including the Secretary-Treasurer.
(c) Two members of the 10th grade.
(d) Chairmen of all committees.
A Principal's Committee which reports our activities to the principal.
A Club Committee which conducts the club program.
A Social Committee which conducts the Council's
social affairs.
The Election Committee 'which has charge of the
elections.
The Finance Committee which has charge of
chartering buses for students desiring to go to
our out-of-town athletic contests.
The Handbook Committee which will have charge
of revising our student handbook.
The Visitation Committee which will visit other
schools when their Council is In session,
The Legislative Com.ttee which draws up legslation to be presented to the Executive Coririttee.
The Student Court Committee which reports to
the Council on the Court's Activities.
Central High School of Aberdeen, South Dakota,
ha
the following four standing committees to be ap-
pointed by the Council President:
The Mombership Counitteo hali havc the euty
of investigating the e1igibilit of new members and devising methods of insuring good
attendance.
The Social Cormnittee shall have the duty to
plan and manage all social functions under
Council jurisdiction.
The Service Committee shall have the duty to
undertake all functions in the line of service.
The Administrative Coixnittee shall have the
duty to aid the administration whenever called
Upon.
Thomas Junior High School of Philadelphia,
*
Pennsylvania, has the following:
The Committee of Captains shall consist of
four members, one for each floor and one for
the fire tower. They shall be appointed by
the Sponsor of the Council.
It shall be the
duty of each captain to direct and aId the
council members in obtaining order and
safety in the hail of the school.
The Lost and Found Committee shall consist
of four members, two from the 9th grade and
two from the Cth grade whc hail reesIv
and distribute all lost and found articles
and direct the activities In the Lost and
Found Department.
The Publicity Committee consisting of one
member shall make known to the student body
all activities of the council as is nocessazy.
The Attendance Committee, consisting of one
member, shall provide plans for keeping a
high record of attendance in the school.
29
Special committees appointed by the Council
president shall meet at a time designated
by (him). A report of the work will be made
orally by the chairman of the committee at
the following council meeting.
Hartford Public High School at Hartford,
Connecticut, has the following standing committees ap
pointed by the Executive Committee:
The Finance Committee which shall approve all
expenditures from the Student Council Funds.
The Good Citizenship Committee which shall
initiate projects with the object of setting
and raising standards of citizenship throughout the school.
The Social Committee which shall plan and
manage social functions sponsored for the
entire school.
The Scholarship Committee which shall:
(1) Further interest in good scholarship.
(2) Enforce the point system which limits
participation in extra-curricular
activities.
The Cafeteria Committee which shall attempt to
improve conditions in the cafeteria through
cooperation with its management.
The Club Committee which shall:
(1) Make a uniform report on all the clubs
at least once a year.
(2) Consider and report upon petitions for
the formation of new clubs.
(3) Make recommendations for dissolving
clubs which have ceased to meet the
needs for which they were established.
(4) Suggest standards for the inprovement
cluhs
o
Standing Committees shall be ready to make reports at each regular meeting of the Student
Council. Written reports shall be filed with
the Secretary semi-annually.
30
There shall be a faculty advisor, appointed
by the Principal for each standing committee.
Special committees may be appointed by the
President.
Another interesting innovation is that found
in the Faribault Senior High School of Faribault, Minnesota, where they have a President's Cabinet and the £01-.
lowing secretaries:
1.
Secretary of the Treasury
2.
Secretary of Assemblies
3.
Secretary of Student Affairs
4.
Secretary of Publicity
5.
Secretary of Noon Hour Activities
6.
Secretary of Social Affairs
7.
Buyer
8.
Secretary of Records
9.
Secretary of Correspondence
These secretaries will be selected by the President and approved by the Student Council.
Duties of Cabinet Members
1.
Secretary of Treasury
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Act as secretary of cabinet.
Provide for raising the funds needed by
the Student Council.
Regulate financial affairs of student affairs.
Report regularly on financial status of
council.
31
2.
3.
Secretary of Assemblies
(a)
Arrange and plan the assemblies for Senior
high School, and assist in arranging as-
(b)
Work for the best possible
attitude in assemblies.
Secretary of Social Affairs
(a)
(b)
(c)
4.
Work with the faculty social committee on
the social rules and regulations.
Aasist the faculty social chairman in
planning the social program for the year.
Take charge of Senior High School dances.
Secretary of Student Affairs
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
5.
sornbl:Les for the Junior High School.
conduct and
See that the balls are kept neat and orderly.
Regulate the order and the traffic in the
halls and assembly. Make all rules regulating this traffic.
Keep building and equipment in good
physical condition.
Promote school splrit and sportsmanship.
tro1s and see that they
Organize insdc
function properly.
Plan and administer the student-supervised
plan of study halls.
Act as parliamentarian of the Student
Council when the vice-president is acting
as president.
Secretary of Publicit
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Keep all bulletin boards up-to-date, and
act as the censoring agent of all materials placed on the bulletin board.
Release publicity to local news agencies.
Assist in other publicity specified by
the council.
Assist the Secretary of Treasury in drives
for
Assist the Secretary of SocIal Affairs in
publicizing Student Council sponsored
parties.
32
6.
(a)
(b)
(c)
7.
Secretary of Noon Hour Activities
(a)
8.
Assist the faculty advisors in developing
and administering a desirable and wholesome noon hour recreation program.
Recording Socreta
(a)
(b)
(c)
9.
Order all refreshment8 for school event8.
Arrange the schedule for regulating the
sales of concessions at school events.
Keep careful records and inventories of
the supplies and their value.
To keep minutes of the meetings to be approved by the Student Council and to be
filed permanently.
To keep the roll call of members.
To file and have charge of all records.
Corresponding Secretary
(a)
(b)
To handle all correspondence as instructed
by the Student Council.
To periodically exchange information with
other neighboring Student Councils. The
Corresponding and Recording Secretaries
shall be permitted to substitute for each
other.
Cabinet Meeting
Regular meetings of the presidents cabinet
shall be held during the regular high school activity
period, and at any other time determined by the president.
The Senior High School, Stiliwater, Minnesota,
has the following standing committees:
Building Committee
Lost and Found Committee
Noon Hour Committee
Scenery Committee
Welfare Committee
Flag Committee
33
Assembly Committee
Dance Committee
Pep Assembly Committee
Welcome Committee
The committee chairman shall be elected by the
Rtudent council and committee members shall be chosen by
the respective chairman subject to approval by the stu
dent council.
A student may serve on only one standing
committee.
Membership and Duties of Committees:
1.
Building committee shall consist of two parts;
Hall
and Building section and Reception
section,
each with its respective chairman, but chairman
of Hall and Building being a senior.
(a) Hall and Building
The chairman shall select the number
of members according to the needs.
This committee shall be responsible
for maintaining order in cafeteria and
halls and shall be responsible for
neatness of building and grounds.
(b) Reception
There shall be 18 regular members and
18 alternates. This committee shall
receive and assist visitors to the
school and check hall passes, and have
general supervision of the halls.
2.
Noon Hour Committee--There shall be two chairmen, one senior and one junior plus eight other
members with one chairman and four members
serving
alternate weeks. This committee shall
be responsible for seeing that all noon hour
34
activities proceed In an orderly manner and will
also be responsible for enforcing hail regulation during noon hour.
3.
Welfare Committee--Chairman and two members.
This committee shall be responsible for sending
flowers and messages of cheer to students absent for long illness and to students whose
family has suffered bereavement.
4.
Assembly Committee--A chairman (senior) and four
members.
(a) This Committee shall schedule the
lyceum program for the following year.
(b) Shall make arrangements for other asseribly programs in conjunction with a
faculty supervisor.
Cc) Shall have charge of student body conduct.
5.
Pep Assembly--A chairman and five members, one
of whom shall be a cheerleader and a band member.
This committee shall arrange for pep pro-
grains in conjunction with a faculty supervisor.
6.
Scenery Committee--A chairman (senior), a
junior, and a sophomore who will each serve
throughout their school career; the junior being
chairman In his senior year.
The committee
shall be responsible for the stage scenery and
said scenery shall be used only through the
35
committee.
7.
Flag Committee--A chairman (senior), a junior,
and a sophomore.
This committee shall be
responsible for proper raising and lowering of
the flag.
8.
Dance Committee--A chairman (senior) plus three
members.
This committee shall be:
(a) Responsible for arranging all dances.
(b) Responsible for enforcing the rules
governing the dance.
(c) Responsible for financial report of
dance.
9.
Welcome Committee--The chairman will be the
president of the school and six members corn-
prising a boy and girl from each class.
Duties
of this committee shall be:
(a) Welcome and assist new students in becoming adjusted in the school.
(b) Visit the prospective sophomore
classes with a view to orienting them
on their new school.
10.
Election Committee--The chairman (senior) plus
three members.
This committee shall schedule
for campaigning and election of officers during
the month of March.
11.
Homecoming Committee--A chairman (senior) plus
six members.
The chairman for each succeeding
year shall be chosen from members of the
36
previous year.
The duties of this com-
mittee shall be to arrange for the home-'
coming program in
conjunction with a
faculty advisor.
Student Courts
Very few of the schools surveyed indicated the
use of the s tudent
court,
and the judicial system.
There are many points, both for and against, this depart.'
mont of the studentgovernment.
The incorporation of
this function into a program of student participation becomes a local matter and requires close, expert supervision.
The following are the student court programs
found in
some of the school systems studied:
The McKinley High School of Honolulu, Hawaii
Court
Purpose:
The primary
purpose of the court is to dis-
courage anti-social behaviour and to guide students tobe
contributing members of society.
Section I
The McKinley Government Court shall consist of
the
Court Commissioner,
Chief of Police, a Board of
Examiners, Clerk, Stenographers, and Court Advisor.
1.
The Commissioner.
The President of the McKinley Government shall,
37
with the approval of the Executive Council, appoint a
Commissioner.
The Commissioner shall preside at all meetings
of the Court, and it shall be his duty to question the
defendant informally so as to bring out testimony that
shall be of use to the Board of Examiners in making its
decision.
He shall be of use to the Board of Examiners
in making its decision.
He shall also be a member of
the McKinley Government Representative Assembly.
2.
Chief of Police.
The Chief of Police shall see that order is
maintained during court proceedings.
It shall also be
his duty to direct students, appearing before the court,
as the court demands.
3.
The Board of Examiners.
The Board, shall consist of nine members as
chosen by the clerk upon the recommendation of the
teachers.
Both boys and girls must be represented.
No
court session shall be carried on without the presence
of at least seven of the nine members.
4.
The Clerk.
The Clerk of the Court shall be appointed by
the President of the Executive Council.
The Clerk shall
issue summons to all accused through the S. A. Room
teachers and shall read the sunnnons at all court sessions.
The Clerk shall keep a record of each case and shall ask
The defend-
for the result of the suggested decision.
home room teacher arid boys' or girls' counselor
shall be notified of the summons and the decisions by the
Clerk.
5..
The Stenographers.
Two Stenographers, to be appointed by the corn-
missioners, shall record the proceedings of the court.
6.
The Advisor.
The Advisor, to be appointed by the Principal,
shall be present at all court sessions.
No court ses-
sion shall be carried on with the advisor's presence.
(The advisor of the Police System shall not be the advisor of the Court.)
In addition to the appointed ad-
visor, the boys' and girls' counselors may be called to
consider problems at any time they need it.
The advisor
of the court shall reject or accept any recommendations
made by the Board of Examiners concerning the treatment
of the student appearing before the Court.
Section lI--Nature
Nature of cases to be heard.
1.
Cases to be tried shall be those in which the
McKinley Government laws have been violated.
Special
cases may be referred to the Court by the boys' or girls'
counselors and the court commissioners in whatever manner
39
they think beat.
Section 111--Procedure
1.
Summoned students failing to appear before the Court
when requested shall be held in contempt of Court.
2.
Hearing.
An informal statement on "charges1' shall be
made by the Clerk.
The Commissioner shall ask the de-
fendant to tell his story.
The Board of Examiners shall,
after due deliberation, decide on a suitable treatment
for the defendant and shall recomnend to the Court Advisor the corrective measures it has selected.
3.
The student appearing before the court shall be asked
to give his opinion.
4.
If the defendant pleads that the decision is unfair,
the Principal shall be called to confer with the court
members and the defendant.
Section IV
Any student failing to serve his sentence may
be held in contempt of court and is liable for further
considerations.
Section V
The Court shall meet in closed session at such
times as may be seen necessary to the advisor and the
commissioner.
40
Section VI
Anyone wishing to attend any court session
shSll secure permission from the Commissioner with the
Court Advisor's approval.
Police System
Section I--Members
The McKinley Police System shall consist of the
Board of CommIssioners, the Chief of Police, Assistant
Chiefs, and Police Officers.
Section Il--The Board of
(1)
Composition.
Commissioners
The police commission shall be
com-
posed of three members of the faculty, one in each class
level, appointed by
the Principal; three class repre-
sentatives appointed by the respective class presidents;
a Chief of Police; a representative from the Police Department; and the boys' counselor.
(2)
The Police Commission shall be the governing body of
the McKinley Police System.
Section .111--Chief of Police
The Chief shall be recommended by the Commission
of the previous year and appointed by the President of the
McKinley Government with the approval of the Executive
Council.
He will be responsible for special duties whida
arise from time to time.
The Chief will attend meetings
of the Executive Council and the Representative Assembly.
41
Section IV--Assistant Chiefs
The Assistant Chief a will be appointed by the
police Commission.
They shall each have supervision one
period of the day.
Section
V--Police Officers
There shall be police officers appointed by the
commission to aid in enforcing the rules of the McKinley
Government.
Section VI--The Chairman
The Police Commission shall elect
one of
the
student members to act as the Chairman of the Com.iiission.
Section VII
The
Advisor of the
Police Systom shall be ap-
pointed by the Principal.
Section VIlI--Function of the Police System
The Police System shall be the law enforcing
body of the McKinley Government.
They will be responsible
for carrying out the regulation of the McKinley Government
and shall place under arrest students violating these laws.
Seabreeze High School, Daytona Beach, Florida
Judicial Department
The Judicial Department shall consist of a
judge who shall appoint other officers of the Court, suth
42
as an assistant judge, senior high and junior high
prosecuting attorneys, bailiff, court reporter, sheriff,
and other officers, as he shall see fit, with the advice
and consent of the Senate.
Court shall be held at least twice a month, or
more often as the need arises.
The Judge shall have the
responsibility of arranging court sessions.
Trials shall
be by a jury of seven jurors selected by chance by the
Judge.
They shall not serve twice in succession.
The
Judge shall report to the Senate weekly all arrests and
their disposition.
The court reporter shall keep a per-
manent indexed record of all cases and their disposition,
in the S. G. A. files.
The president shall be the captain of the Seabreeze Student Police.
Four student police, or more if
needed, are to be appointed by the president with the
advice and consent of the Senate.
The police are to
patrol the halls and to give assistance in maintaining
discipline in the classrooms in the absence of teachers.
The president shall, before the end of the second week
of each semester, arrange a schedule of police duties,
assigning posts.
A policeman shall automatically be dis-
mis8ed from the force upon the convictIon of one serious
offense in student cour; or two minor offenses or upon
the complaint of a member of the faculty or upon failure
4
43
to carry out his duty.
Policemen may be dismissed upon
the complaint of three members of the student body, in
regard to rudeness, after a hearing before the Senate.
Police are to wear badges prominently displayed.
When
making an arrest, a ticket is to be furnished the offender and a duplicate is to be placed in the docket
book, for the use of the prosecuting attorney.
The presi-
dent, as police captain, shall arrange for dismissals and
new appointments with the advice and consent of the
Senate.
It is advised that at least 18 policemen be on
duty during the change of classes.
All school activities
shall be policed.
Central Junior High, St. Cloud, Minnesota
Student Court
Section I
The law enforcing body of Central Junior High
School shall be called the Student Court.
Section II
The Student Court may handle all disciplinary
problems such as skipping school, injuring school property
and unnecessary interruptions in class, etc.
Section III
The Student Court will be composed of a judge,
a jury of seven members, two from the seventh grade, two
from the eighth grade, and three from the ninth çrade.
In addition, there shall be a clerk of courts, and two
sergeant-at-arms. All of these officers of the court
are to be elected from the council except the judge who
in bhe vice-president of the council. A foreman is to
be elected from the jury by the jurjmen. Each member of
the jury shall have an alternate who will attend court
meetings in the absence of a juror. In the absence of
the judge, the foreman of the jury will aot as judge and
a temporary foreman shall be appointed by the regular
foreman.
The Student
every
two
Court shall meet at least
weeks at a time decided by the
once
Student Council.
Section IV
the penalty shall be designated
seriousness of the offense.
The severity of
according to the
Ridgefield Park High School
Student Traffic Officers: Sualifications of:
being unbiased, alert and passing in all major subjects,
or passing in all major subjects except one.
Number and ElectIon of: There Sh&libe 48
traffic officers, elected by their
respeciivo classes in homerooms. They
will hold offIce until February 1 at
which time a new set of officers are to
be elected.
15 Seniors
15 Juniors
10 Sophomores
8 Freebmen
45
The traffic officers shall elect from
their number a captain of the traffic
8quad who shall hold office for one semester.
Student Traffic Court Organization:
There shall be five
judges, of whom at least one must be a girl and one must
be a boy, appointed by the faculty with the approval of
the SAD.
The SAB shall have
of judges to the faculty.
the
right to sugest names
The judges shall elect
from
their number a Chief Justice who shall assign the number
of judges to serve on any case.
Judges shall serve for
one year.
Jurors and Jury Commissioner:
There shall
be 36
jurors, organized into three panels, each of 12,
by the Jury Commissioner.
Jurors shall be drawn by
lot, 18 of them from the student body as represented by the 17 homeroonis, one from and by each
homeroom.
The eighteenth shall be the Chairman of
the Homeroom Representatives.
tate.
The
panels will
ro-
So far as is possible, no juror will serve
two weeks in succession.
The
other 18
jurors shall
be drawn by lot from the complete list of officers
of extra-curricular activities, including the SAB...
The Jury Commissioners shall assign no prejudiced
juror... The Jury Commissioner shall be the Chairman
46
of the Homeroom Representatives' Committee.
The
Juries are chosen twice a year.
Sergeant-At-Arms and Clerks:
Sergeant-at-arms 8hall
be appointed by the SAB; the clerks shall be chosen
by the SAB from among students suggested by the
teacher of Stenography.
The clerks and the sergeant-
at-arms shall hold office for one year.
Court Procedure:
The clerks of the court, two in
number, shall present each case.
The officer who
summoned the offender shall be present but shall not
enter into the discussion unless the defendant
pleads "not guilty1'.
Enforcement of Penalties:
(1)
The Student Enforcement Committee (10) shall be
appointed by the Chief Justice.
(2)
Procedure in case of single violation of the
law:
The Enforcement Action begins when the
court hands out the penalty.
The violator thai
reports to the Student Enforcement Committee
whose duty it will be to carry out the penalty.
If the penalty .s not carried out the student
is sent to the SAP.
If the SAP declares his
trial fair, he has to carry out his penalty.
If they do not think his trial was fair, the
SAB has the right to declare a mistrial and the
47
student will be given another trial.
If the
penalty is still not carried out the case of
the offender is taken to the SAB, whose duty
it will be to study all the facts of the case
and make such recommendations as they think advisable to the Principal of the High School.
Note:
The vote of the SAB does not require a
certain per cent.
It will be merely a vote
that shows how many favor the recommendation
and how many oppose it.
(3)
Procedure in extreme cases of repeated violation of law:
In an extreme case of repeated.
violations of law, the SAB shall have the
authority to recommend to the Principal suspension or expulsion.
Northwest Junior High School, Reading, Pennsylvania
The Court
The Court shall consist of a Chief Judge elected
from the tenth grade, and six assistants, three chosen by
the tenth grade from their group and three chosen by the
ninth grade from their group.
The Court shall provide for the trial and punishment
of the members of the Student Body for the violation of
this Constitution and By-Laws and for the violation of
standards of conduct upheld by the Northwest 3unior High
School.
The Judges shall be elected at the same time
as other student officers.
Anyone making a charge against a student must
present to the Chief Judge a signed statement of the
charge previous to the meeting of the Court.
In a formal trial, the representative of the
homeroom of which the offender is a member shall be
present at the meeting of the Court to testify as to the
character of the offender.
Any decision of the Court is subject to the
veto of the Principal.
Traffic Patrol:
The Traffic Patrol is selected by the director
In conjunotion with homeroom teachers. Applications for
such service shall be made to the director. Such appli-
cations shall be signed by at least three teachers acting as SpOnsOrs.
The Patrol shall direct traffic in the corn-
dora and on the stairways at the time of passing of
classes, and assist during fire d.rills by attending to
doors. Repeated violations of traffic rules and misconduct in the corridors shall be reported to the Director
of the Student Court.
49
Written Constitutions
All the schools studied had written
constitu-
tions, and most of the organizations sent a copy for
exnrnination.
Most of the constitutions have been re-
vtsod several times since their original adoption, and
some schools indicated that they follow the practice of
re-writing the constitution every one
r two years as
changes are needed to meet the needs of local situations.
The following is a copy of the
Constitution of the Boise
Senior High School at Boise, Idaho:
Constitution
of the
Boise Senior High School
Preamble
We, the students of Boise High School, in order to
conduct effectively our school government, manage student
affairs, and
curricular
provide for an
adequate program of extra-
activities, do ordain and establish this Con-
stitution for the Associated Student Body
of Boise High
School.
Article I - Associated Student Body
Section I - Membership
Paragraph 1 a.
Regularly Enrolled Students
All regularly enrolled students in Boise
High School are members of the Associated Student Body.
Article II - Student Council
Section 1 - Composition
Paragraph 1 - Membership
a.
The Associated Student Body
shall function
through the Student Council, which shall consist of a
President of the Student Body,
a Vice-President, a Re-
cording Secretary, a Treasurer, Corresponding Secretary,
the President of each class and two Representatives from
each class.
Section 2 - Eligibility for Office
Paragraph 1 - President
a.
The Student Body President must be under
twenty-one years of age, shall be a member of the graduating class, and must be enrolled in. Boise High School
his entire senior year.
Paragraph 2 - Other Officers
a.
All other Student Body officers shall be
members of either of the two upper classes.
Paragraph 3 - Members of Student Council
a.
A student shall be eligible to election as
a member of the Student Council who has passed in at
least four full-credit courses or the equivalent, with an
average grade of 3.5 and with no failing grade the semester preceding, and who at the time of election iS doing
satisfactory work in four full-credit subjects or the
51
,qiitvlent, and is not failing in any subject.
Council
members shall be checked every grading period for eligibility.
b.
Student Council members shall also be sub-
joct to general eligibility
requirements as
set for in
Article VII, Section I.
Section 3 - Manner of Elections
Paragraph 1 - Nominations
a.
Nominations for officers of the Associated
Student Body shall be by petition for the first week in
April.
b.
Students shall be nominated for specific
Associated Student Body offices.
c.
Petition shall be in the following form:
Petition of Nomination
Instructions.
1.
returned
This petition is
to
to
be completely filled out and
(faculty adviser of
cil) not later than
Student Coun-
(one week after
taken out) at 4 o'clock,
2.
This petition must have at least 25 signers.
3.
No student may sign more than one petition for
each office.
Petition
We, the undersigned, certify that we do hereby join
in a petition for the nomination of
whose
52
advisory is
,
to be voted for at the Stu-
dent Body election to be held in Boise High School on the
of
19
, and we further certify
that we are not at this time the signer of any other petition nominating
d.
ny other candidate for the above office.
Names of all eligible candidates nominated
shall be posted in each advisory the second week of
April, at least three days before the primary election.
Paragraph 2 - Primary Elections
a.
Primary election shall be held one week
after all petitions for nominations have been turned in
and checked.
b.
The method of Primary Election shall be de-
termined by the Student Council,
Paragraph 3 - Final Elections
a.
A political assembly presented before the
student body shall be held prior to the final election to
introduce those students successful in the primary elec-
Each candidate must deliver his own canpaign
tion.
speech.
Section 4 - Term of Office and Installation
Paragraph 1 - Term of Office
a.
Student Bod.y officers shall hold office for
b.
The class president and the class represen-
one year.
tatives shall be chosen in the fall at the class
53
jelections,
and shall serve after election to the end of
the school year.
Paragraph 2 - Installation
a.
Newly-elected officers of the Associated
Student Body shall be installed at the last regular meetIng of the Student Council during the school year by
making the following affirmation:
"I do solemnly affirm that as a member of
the Student Council (or as the President
of the Associated Student
Body) I will
faithfully and to the best of my ability,
perform all the duties of my office, and.
Ithat I will be loyal to the best inter-
ests of Boise High School."
Section 5 - Vacancies.
Paragraph 1 - Kind of Vacancies
a.
Itemporary and
There shall be two kinds of vacancies -
permanent.
Paragraph 2 - How Made
a.
Iexist
by a
A temporary vacancy shall be
two-thirds
declared to
majority vote of the Student Council
when a member shall be temporarily unable to serve because of absence from school, or because he is a graduating
senior, who during the second semester, is not in at-
tendance at school during all regular periods of the day.
If any member drops school permanently, the Council shall
54
declare a permanent vacancy.
If a member is a delinquent
in scholarship, conduct, or council duties, the council
by a two-thirds majority vote, may remove such member and
declare a permanent vacancy.
Paragraph 3 - How Filled
a.
A temporary vacancy in the class represen-
tatives shall be filled by appointment by the president
All temporary
of the class in which the vacancy occurs.
vacancies must be filled from the class in which the delinquent person is a member.
b.
When a person whose seat has been declared
temporarily vacant because of absence from school is in
attendance at school, he shall have prior right to his
seat over any person appointed in his place, provided
that he is eligible under Article Vu, Section 1.
c.
A permanent vacancy shall be
filled by a
regular electionby authority of the principal.
Section 6 - Organization of the Student
Council.
Paragraph 1 - Officers.
a.
The Student Body President shall act as
chairman of the Council but shall be a regularly voting
member of that body.
meetings.
lie shall call
regular and
special
He shall appoint all standing committees that
are provided for in Article II, Section 7, of this constitution,
and other committees when so authorized by
55
the Student Council. He shall cooperate with the Prin-
cipal in presiding at assemblies.
b. The vice-president shall perform the duties
of the president incase of his absence.
c. The recording secretary shall be responsible
for taking the minutes of the Student Council and any
other duties pertaining to that office.
d. Tue corresponding secretary shall assist
the recording secretary whenever necessary and shall perform other duties pertaining to that office.
e. The treasurer shall, in cooperation with
the faculty financial committee of the high school, keep
the Council accurately informed of the financial condi-
tion of all student activities.
Paragraph 2 - Conmittees
a. Committees of the Council shall be of three
kinds: Committees composed entirely of Council members,
committees from the school with a Council member as
chairman, and committees composed entirely of members of
the student body appointed by the Council.
Paragraph 3 - Meetings
a. The Council shall decide on the time of its
regular meeting - at least one meeting to be held each
week. The student body president may, with the consent
of the faculty adviser call special meeting of the Council. Special meetings may also be called by a written
petition signed by at least three members of the council
and by
the faculty adviser of the Council.
Paragraph 4 - quorum
a.
until
o1sa
Four members shall constitute a quorum
the class
elections
elections have been held.
Following the
nine members shall constitute a quorum.
Paragraph 5 - Faculty Representative.
a.
The Principal of the Council faculty ad-
viser shailbe present at all council meetings with the
All acts of the Council are subject to
right to speak.
the final approval of the Principal.
Section 7 - Duty and Authority
Paragraph 1 - Services
a.
It shall be the duty of the Student Council:
(a)
To charter all student organizations.
(b)
To arrange for the election of yell
leaders.
(c)
To maintain necessary committees on
social activities,
assemblies,
care
and condition of school property.
(d)
To suggest improveme.ts in the school.
(e)
To promote in every way
possible
the
interest and spirit of Boise High
School.
(f)
To authorize all appropriations from
the Associated Student Body funds.
57
Each budget is subject to approval of
the Council.
(g)
To require, when it is deemed wise,
bond from any pupil who handles money
belonging to any organization under
the control of the Council.
(h)
To publish and make known to the
school all business brought before the
Council and the action taken.
(i)
To make all rules and regulations
necessary and proper for carrying into
effect the foregoing powers of the
constitution, provided that all such
rules and regulations shall have the
signed approval of the principal.
Article II, Section 6, Paragraph 5,
governing.
(j)
To determine, purchase, and present
awards for such activitio
as are
listed in the By-Laws.
(Ac)
To maintain the Finance Committee.
Article III - Finance
Section 1 - Administration
Paragraph 1 - Student Body Funds
a.
All student body funds shall be administered
by the Student Council.
58
b.
The Student Council shall maintain the
Finance Committee, which shall be composed of the Principal of the high school, chairman; the Faculty Finance
Manager; The Faculty AdvIser of the Student Council; the
Associated Student Body President; the Associated Student
Body Treasurer; and a student selected by the Council to
represent the student body at large.
elect
and the treasurer-elect
with the right
to speak.
The ASB President-
shall attend the meetings
Section 2 - Finance Conunittee
Paragraph 1 - Duty
tee:
a. It shall
(a)
be the
duty of the finance commit-
To distribute budget forms to the
various clubs and activities.
budgets
shall
These
enumerate estimated re-
ceipts and proposed expenditures
during the school year.
(b)
To collect, consider, and revIse
budgets to conform with the estimated
financial situation of the conIng year.
(o)
To submIt the approved budgets to the
Student Council f or final authorization
before the close of the school year.
(d)
To meet at regular intervals during the
59
school year, with the authority to re-
vise any authorized budget, provided
that such revision does not exceed 10
per cent of the authorized amount,
the revised budget shall again be sub-
mitted to the Student Council for
approval
Article VI - Advisory Assembly
Section 1 - Advisory Organization
Paragraph 1 - Elections
a.
Each advisory shall elect during the s econd
week of each semester a president, a vice-president, a
secretary and treasurer.
Section 2 - Assembly
Paragraph 1 - Composition
a.
The Student Body of Boise High School shall
cooperate with the Student Council through an advisory
assembly which shall consist of the preaidents of
advisories.
Section 3 - Meetings
Paragraph 1 - Called by Council
a.
The advisory assembly shall meet at the
call of the Council.
The presiding officer shall be the
Associated Student Body President.
Section 4 - Duties
Paragraph 1 - Present Problems
a.
The advisory assembly shall present to the
Council problems
suggested by
be responsible for discussion
the advisories.
It shall
in advisories of the issues
of the school as determined by the Council.
Article V - Class Organization
Section 1 - Membership
Paragraph 1 - Classification
a.
A pupil is classified in September for the
entire year.
Section 2 - Eligibility for Class Office
Paragraph 1 - Qualifications
a. To be eligible for any
class office stu-
dents must meet the qualification for council
membership
as set forth in Article II, Section 2, Paragraph 3 of
this constitution.
No Student Body officer may be a
candidate for class office.
Section 3 - Election of Class Officers
Paragraph 1 - Nominations
a.
Each advisory shall
nominate students
from
that advisory to run in the prir'iary.
Paragraph 2 - Primary Election
a.
Names of all eligible candidates shall be
posted during the fourth week of school, or as soon
thereafter as possible.
t
61
b.
The primary election shall be held Friday
of the name week, or as noon thereafter as possible.
c.
Students
shall vote for as many candidates
as there are officers to elect in their respective
classes.
Paragraph 3 - Final Election
a.
Final election shall be held the week fol-
lowing the primary election as follows:
The twelve s tu-
dents in each class receiving the highest number of
votes in the primary election shall run for the offices
in the final election.
b.
The one receiving the highest number of
votes in the final election shall be the class president;
the two receiving the next highest shall be the class
representatives and shall serve on the Council with the
class president.
The student receiving the fourth high-
est shall be the vice-president; the next highest, secretary; and the next highest, treasurer.
Section 4 - Faculty Advisers
Paragraph 1 - Selection
a.
Faculty advisers for each class shall be
selected by the class officers with the princip&ls
proval in October or as sooi thereafter
as oble.
Article VI - School Organization
3eotion 1 - Charters
ap-
62
Pnragraph 1 - Application
a.
Each student organization othor than class
organizations must apply to the Student Council for a
charter.
The application must be accompanied by two
typewritten copies of its constitution and a list of its
The Council may at any time after
tentative members.
thorough investigation withdraw
the
charter of any club
with a two-thirds majority vote.
Section 2 - Faculty Advisers
Paragraph 1 - Attendance
a.
Each student organization must have a
faculty adviser.
This adviser, or some
one appointed by
him, must be present at every meeting.
Section 3 - Meetings
Paragraph 1 - Time and Place
a.
Meetings, time and place, shall be desig-
nated by the organizations themselves,
subject to
the ap-
proval of the faculty advisers.
Section 4 - Membership
Paragraph 1 - Limitation
a.
Club membership shall be limited to the
members of the Associated Student Body.
Article VII - Major and Minor Offices
Section 1 - General Eligibility
Paragraph 1 - Activity Ticket
a.
To be eligible to election to any office in
63
Boise Hig1 School a student must own an activity ticket.
b.
No student shall hold office in Boise High
School who is not passing in at least three
full-credit
course 8.
a.
No officer shall succeed himself in any
office in Boise High School.
d.
No student shall hold more than one major
and one minor office or more than two minors at one time.
e.
No student may resign from one major of-
Lice to accept another major office.
Section 2 - Major and Minor Offices
Paragraph 1 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Major Offices
Associated
Associated
Associated
Associated
Associated
Se ore tary
Student
.tudent
Student
Student
Student
Body
Body
Body
Body
Body
President
Vice-President
Recording Secretary
Theasurer
Corresponding
(f) Senior Class President
(g) Junior Class President
(h) Sophomore Class President
(1) Senior Representatives to Student Council
(j) Junior Representatives to Student Council
(k) Sophomore Representatives to Student Council
(1) Boys' Federation President
(m) Girls' Club President
(n) B Club President
(o) Scarlet Ckirt President
(p) Yell King, queen, Duke, Duchess
(q) Editor of Courier
(r) Editor of High Lights
(s) G. A. A. President
(t) Business Manager Courier
(u) Circulation Manager Courier
(v) Business Manager High Lights
(w) Advertising Manager High Lights
(x) R.O.T.C. Cadet Battalion Commander
64
Paragraph 2 - Minor Offices
(a) Boys' Federation Vice-President, Secretary,
Treasurer, Council
(b) Girls' Club Vice-President, Secretary,
Treasurer, Cabinet
(c) Glass Vice-Presidents, Secretaries,
Troasuror
(d) R.O.T.C. Officers
(e) Dance Band Leader
(f) ±ep Band Leader
(g) Band Drum Major and Majorettes
(h) Advisory Officers
(i) Officers of a school club
(j) Athletic Managers
(k) Sports Managers - G.A.A.
(1) All High Lights and Courier Officers not
listed with Major Offices
(in) Radio Editor - High Lights
(n) R.O.T.C. Sponsors
Article VIII - Interscholastic Activities
Section 1 - Recognition
Paragraph 1 - Competition
a.
Extra-curricular activities must be recog-
nized as interscholastic activities by the principal of
the high school and the Student COUnCil before they may
become a part of the high school's interscholastic conpetition.
Paragraph 2 - Withdrawal
a.
The Student Council, with the approval of
the principal of the high school, may, at its discretion,
withdraw its recognition of any activity.
Paragraph 3 - Control
a.
Interscholastic activities in Boise High
School shall be under the direction of the Student
65
Council, 3ubjeot to the approval of the principal of the
High School.
Section 2 - Eligibility
Paragraph 1 - Athletics
a.
All members of the athletic te&as must be
eligible under the n.iles of the Idaho High School Athletic
Association.
b.
Only those students who have purchased As-
sociated Student Body Membership cards are eligible to
enter any interscholastic activity.
The purchase must
be made before student is eligible to try out for activity.
c.
All members of interscholastic activity
teams must be bona fide pupils of Boise High School and
must be passing in at least three full credit studies at
the time of participation in these activities and must
have passed in at least three subjects the preceding semester.
See Article VII, Section 1, ?aragraph 2.
Section 3 - Awards
?aragraph - flecognition
a.
Awards shall be made to those activities
which have been recognized as interscholastic activities
as provided for in Section 1 of this Article.
granted shall be thoc provided for in the
The awards
ectiom on
awards of the By-Laws of the Associated Student Body of
Boise Righ School.
Paragraph 2 - Eligibility
a.
Awards are not earned by students unless
they maintain eligibility requirements until the end of
the somoster in which the activity takes place.
Failure
to maintain these requirements will mean the forfeiture
of the right to wear these awards.
Section 4 - Managers
Paragraph 1 - Duties
a.
There shall be no more than two student
managers for each major activity.
manager shall be to
the activity.
The duties of the
assist the instructor
in charge of
There shall be a manager for each frosri-
soph team, except football, which shall have not more
than two managers.
Paragraph 2 - Eligibility
a.
Athletic managers must have passed in three
full-credit courses, or the equivalent, for th
semester
preceding and must at the time of selection be passing
in three subjects.
b.
Managers must meet the same eligibility re-
quirements as players except that they may be eligible
during their
seventh semester in Senior High School.
Section 5 - Yell Leaders
Paragraph 1 - Selection
a.
Elimination tryouts shall be held not
later
Li
61
than the third week of school in the fall.
The Student
Council shall select eight students to try out the following week.
From this group the student body shall
elect four students as yell leaders for all the interscholastic activities.
The boy receiving the highest num-
ber of votes shall be designated as yell king, the girl
receiving the highest number shall be the yell queen; the
boy receiving the second highest and the girl receiving
the second highest shall be the yell duke and yell
duchess.
Paragraph 2 - Eligibility
a.
Yell leaders shall meet the same require-
ments as managers.
Yell leader candidates must be ap-
proved by the principal.
b.
Yell leaders, directly responsible to the
Council, may be dismissed for incompetency of unsports-
manlike conduct, by a two-thirds vote of the Student Council, and new yell leaders elected to fill the unexpired
term.
c.
Eligibility of yell leaders shall be checked
by the Council regularly.
No yell leader shall receive
his award who has been absent from more than three home
games.
All absences from games must be excused before the
game by the faculty adviser of the Student Council.
Article IX - Amendments
Section 1 - How Proposed
Paragraph 1 - Proposal and Ratified
a.
Amendments to the Constitution may be pro-
posed by a two-thirds vote of the Student Council or by
petItion signed by at least one-fourth of the total enrollmfrnt of the Student Body.
Section 2 - How Ratified
Paragraph 2 - Ratification
a.
After amendments have been proposed by
either of the two methods named in Section 1 of the Ar..
tide, they may be, at discretion of the Council, ratified by a majority vote of the Student Body or bya convention called by the Student Council,
This convention
shall be composed of the class presidents of each of the
three classes and four
Each advisory shall
representatives from each class.
nominate one
candidate from the ad-
visory. There shall be an election of
all candidates.
Four receiving the highest number of votes from
each
class shall be delegates from that class to the convention.
The Associated Student Body President shall pre-
side at the convention.
By-Laws
of the
Associated Student Body, Boise Senior High School
Article 1 - Interscholastic Activities
Section 1 - Major Activities
1.
The Student Council recognizes as major inter-
scholastic activities:
Football, basketball, track and
69
field, baseball, tennis, publications, debate, declamation, and music.
2.
Other activities may be recognized as major
interscholastic activities by the Student Council and the
Principal.
Section 2 - Minor Activities
1.
The Student Council recognizes as minor inter-
scholastic activities: Wrestling, golf, boys' and girls'
rifle teams.
2.
Other activities may be recognized as minor
interscholastic activities by the Student Council and the
Principal.
Article II - Awards
Section 1
The Student Council shall determine, purchase, and
present the necessary awards for the recognized major
and minor activities.
1.
In addition, the Council will present app1opri-
ate awards to all the major officers.
(Article VII,
Section 2 governing).
2.
Because of significant service to the school,
the following will be eligible for awards:
Members of the Pep Band
Members of the Dance Band
S. M. s. Preidertt
Outstanding students as designated by the
Council
70
Only Junior High School athletes who purchase a
season ticket from the Junior High School for their
respective sport may enter and receive an award from the
Senior High for that sport.
Section 2 - Eligibility for Awards
Athletics
Paragraph 1 - Football
a.
To be eligible for a football award a
player must have played in forty per cent of the total
quarters of the regularly scheduled games.
Junior var-
sity quarters will apply toward a varsity award provided
that the student concerned has participated in forty per
cent of the total varsity and junior varsity quarters
during the
season.
b. Within
two weeks after the close of the
football season, the coach shall submit to the Student
Council a list of all the students particiting in the
activity, together
with the number of
quarters each
played and recommendations of the students eligible for
awards.
Paragraph 2 - Basketball
a.
To be eligible for a basketball award a
student must have played in forty per cent of the total
number of quarters in regularly scheduled games.
b.
season the
Within two weeks after the close of the
coach shall submit to the Student Council a
71
list of all the students participating in the activity,
together with the number of quarters each played and
recommendations of the students eligible for awards.
Paragraph 3 - Track and Field
To be eligible for an award a student must
a.
meet one of the following five qualifications:
1.
Score five or more points in a dual
meet.
2.
Score three or more points in a triangular meet.
3.
Score
one point where four or more
schools are entered.
b.
4.
Run on a winning relay team.
5.
Have a ten point total for the season.
Within two weeks after the sason the coath
shall submit a list of students participating in the activity, together with scores of each, and recommendations
for students eligible for awards.
Paragraph 4 - Baseball
a.
To be eligible for an award a student rst
have participated
in forty per
cent of the total number
of innings in regularly scheduled games.
b.
Within two
weeks after
the close of the
season the coach shall submit to the Student Council a
list
of all
the students participating in the activity,
together with the number of innings each played and the
72
recommendations of the students eligible for the award.
Paragraph 5 - Tennis
a.
have played in
b.
To be eligible for an award players must
forty per cent of the scheduled matches.
Within two weeks after the close of the
season the coach shall submit to bhe Student Council a
list of all the students participating in the activity,
together with the number of matches in which each played
and recommendations of the students eligible for the
award.
Paragraph 6 - Golf
a.
To be eligible for an award players must
have entered at least four scheduled matches during the
season
and must have played in at least three of these
matches.
b.
Within two weeks after the season the
coach shall turn in to the Student CouncIl a list of all
the students participating, together with the number of
matches each played in and recommendations of eligible
students.
Paragraph 7 - Wrestling
a.
To be eligible for an award a student must
have entered two scheduled
have won one
matches during the season or
match.
b. Within two weeks after the saasor the coach
shall turn in
I
to the Student Council a list of all the
73
studerits participating in the activity, together with
the number of matches each entered and won, and recom-
mendations of studont
eligible for award.
Paragraph 8 - Girls' and Boys' Rifle Team
a.
To be eligible for an award, team members
must have fired every stage of
four competitive matches
during the school year.
b.
the close
Within two weeks after
of the
season the PMS&T shall submit to the Student Council a
list of all students participating in
are
eligible
for the award.
Paragraph 9
a.
the activity who
Music
To be eligibl for an award a student must
have participated in the district music festival and
have placed sufficiently high to qualify for the state
music festival.
b.
Within twoweeks after
directors shall submit to the
thefestivals
the
Student Counc1 a list of
all students participating in the activity vho
am
eligible for the award.
Paragraph 10 - Declamation
a.
To be eligible for an award a student must
have ]articipated in th
district declanatior festival
and have placed sufficiently high to qualify fo the
state declamation contest.
b. Within two weeks after the festivals the
74
directors shall submit to the Student Council a list of
students participating, together with the events each
entered and recommendations of students eligible for
awards.
Paragraph 11 - Debate
a.
To be eligible for an award a debater must
have participated in no less than four interscholastic
debates.
b.
Within two weeks after the close of the
debate season the coach shall submit to the Student Councii a list of the students
participating, together with
the debates each entered and recommendations of the students eligible for awards.
Paragraph 12 - Girls' Athletics
a.
To be eligible for a girls' athletic
the student must have met the requirements of the
system regulations of the &. A. A.
awra
ont
The maximum number
of points in team sports and leisure time activities in
one school year i
eighty.
At least thirty points must
be earned in team sports and thirty points in leisure
time activities.
close of the
season the coach shall submit to the Student Council a
list of the students participating and eligible for
b.
Within two weeks after the
awards.
Paragraph 13 - Cheer Leaders
I
75
a.
To be eligible for the award, cheer leaders
must have attended all scheduled home games unless excused previous to the time of the absence by the faculty
adviser of the Student
b.
Council.
Within two weeks after the close of tho
spring sports season, the adviser to the Student Council
shall submit to the Student Council the names of the
cheer leaders eligible for awards.
Section 2 - Nature of Awards
Paragraph 1
For all major sports the varsity award shall be an
oight-inch block B to be worn on a red sweater with &
white stripe.
A small figurine representing the respec-
tive sport shall be placed on the letter.
The junior
varsity award shall be a Live-inch block B to be worn on
a red sweater with a white stripe.
Paragraph 2
For all minor sports the varsity award shall be
an
eight-inch block B to be worn on a white sweater with a
red stripe.
A small figurine
representing the respective
sport shall be placed on the letter.
The junior varsity
award shall be a five-inch block B to be worn on a white
sweater with a red stripe.
Paragraph 3
The girls' athletic award shall
be
a five-inch old
English B for the first eighty points and, an eight-inch
76
old English B for the second eighty points.
Girls' let-
ters shall be worn on a red sweater with a grey stripe.
Paragraph 4 - Music
The music award shall be a five-inch block B with a
lyre on the lower bar of the B.
The music award hali
be worn on a white sweater with a red stripe.
Piragrrph U - Declamation
The declamation award shall be the silver B.
Peragraph 6 - Debate
The debate award shall be the silver B.
Paragraph 7 * Cheer Leaders
The cheer leaders' award shall be the silver B.
Paragraph 8 - Major Officers
All major officers shall receive the silver B.
Article III - Clubs
The following Boise Senior High School clubs have
been chartered and are entitled to function under the
auspices of the school:
Art Club
Cens Togata
Dramatic Club
Scarlet Ckirts
Girls' B Club
B Club
Girls' Club
French Club
Camera Club
History Club
Stage Janagership Club
Home Economics Club
Girls' Athletic Association
Science Club
Spanish Club
Forum Club
Commercial Club
Boys' Federation
Article IV - Social Regulations
Section 3. - Control
77
1.
Social activities shall be regulated under the
supervision of the Social Committee, which shall be corn-
posed of Lho Dean of Girls, chairman, the Dean of Boys,
the Faculty Adviser of the StuderLt Council, one other
Faculty member appointed by
the Principal,
dent representative from each class.
appoint the student
Every
2.
members of
social activity
The
and one stuchairman shall
the committee.
must have the approval of
the Social Committee, and must be scheduled with the
committee and placed on the school calendar in the principal's office at least three days in advance of the
activity.
Section 2 - General Regulations
1.
Every social activity must have a
faculty
chape-
ron whose name is presented when permission is asked for
the social function.
2.
No Junior High School student shall attend any
High School dance, banquet or social function.
High School student
shall attend
No Senior
a Junior High School
social function.
3.
tend the
4.
seniors
Junior-Senior Prom.
Juniors and
tickets may at-
Juniors, seniors, parents and adult friends of
graduates may attend
5.
with activity
he Ooencement dance.
Activity tckes mus; be presented by students
attending an all-school function.
78
Article V - Amendment
Section 1 - Proposal
Amondments to the By-Laws may be proposed by a pet:ttion signed by at least four members of the Student
Council, or by a petition
signed
by at least ten per
cent of the Student Body.
Section 2 - Ratification
Proposed amendments shall be ratified by a threequarter vote of the Student Council, provided such amendments have been posted and read at three regularly
scheduled meetings of the Council.
Selection of Faculty Advisers
The great majority of the schools follow the
policy of having the principal appoint the faculty adviser.
However, there appears to be a tendency to
include the faculty and the students, particularly the
governing body, in the selecting of the
At Tucson Senior
adviser.
High School in Tucson,
the assistant principal automatically becomes the
adviser.
Arizona,
student
At Miami's Edison Senior High School, Miami,
Florida, he is selected by the school principal, and appointed by the School Board.
Lyons Township :-Iigh School
of La Grange, Illinois, has the faculty adviser appointed
by an administrative
committee composed of the superin-
tendent, the administrative
assistant, and the director
79
of nxtrn-cwrrlcular activities.
At Danvillo high School,
Danville, Kentucky, there are two faculty advisers, and
they are elected by the council.
By doing this, the stu-
dents feel that the council is really theirs.
Tho male
vtce-prtncipal 1i the faculty advisor at Foreot Park
High School, Baltimore, Maryland.
School, Ponca City, Oklahoma, the
At Ponca City High
faculty
advIser is ap-
pointed by the principal and the director of student
activities.
The Kameharneha School for Girls in Honolulu
have their
faculty adviser elected by the students, and
this adviser cannot be re-elected for more than a two-
year
period.
The Tuscaloosa. County High School of
Northport, Alabama, ha
the faculty advisc
elected by a
vote of the council and the approval of the orincipai.
At Little Rock Senior High School, Little Rocky
rkansas,
the council nominates three, and then the principal
elects one of the three.
period.
The term is for a two-year
At Boulder, Colorado, the assistant orincioal
for years has been the council adviser.
t Seabreee
High School, Daytona Beach, Florida, the faculty adviser
is selected by election.
ferent committees.
They have
advisers
for the dif-
At LouisvIlle Girls High School,
Louisville, Kentucky, the faculty adviser is selected by
the faculty.
The pupils and school select the faculty
adviser at Ricker Classical Institute, Moulton, Maine.
80
The councfl. and the principal select the advisor at Ben-
ton Harbor High School, fenton Harbor, Michigan.
The
faculty selects the advisor at Ridgewood High School,
Hidgewood, New Jersey.
Ball High School of Galveston,
Texas, has the unique setup whereby the principal is regarded as the head sponsor.
There are three faculty
sponsors as follows: (1) Meetings and projects sponsor,
(2) Social sponsor, and (3) Supervisor of Financial
Records.
The meetings and projects sponsor is the only
full-time sponsor.
The principal and the boys' and girl9'
advisers serve at Garfield High School, Seattle, Washington.
While the faculty adviser Is named by the principal
at University High School, Morgantown, West Virginia, the
constitution provides that the sponsor must be a member
of the Social Studies Faculty.
at Neonah, Wisconsin, has a
The Senior High School
constitution which
the principal to act as the advIsers
requires
The vote of the
council is the method pursued at University High School,
Lararnie, Wyoming.
Duties and Responsibilities that Belong to the Council
ATone
The chief
duties and
responsibilities that be-
long to the council alone vary a great deal in the dif-
ferent schools, depending on local tradition and the oxtent of authority granted these governing bodies.
They
81
are listed below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
F.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
60.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
School improvement proposals, social life, welfare projects, and student problems.
Noon hour recreation programs and supervision.
Sponsoring Homecoming.
Authorize student body expenditures.
Publish school directories.
Sponsor "pay" assemblies.
Plans moat of the social and recreational prograci.
Controls school elections.
Determines eligibility of students to keep in
student body activities.
Schedule social affairs and advise the student
body on their actions.
Promoting Student Activities.
Enforcing and disciplining in certain areas of
ml sb oh av iou r.
Decide on the reasonableness of rules and regulations, including holding public forums for discussion.
Handling certain public relations activities.
Have all pupil activities under the council as
a head.
Passes on all awards.
Controls school's social affairs.
Charters clubs.
Presides at assemblies.
Have charge of Homecoming and Color Day.
Decorate goal posts for football games.
Instituting new polIcIes and ccdes
Approve requests for all student activities.
Supervise cafeteria.
Handle the Junior Red Cross memberships and gift
boxes.
Fire drill planning.
Take care of all school bulletin boards.
Care of building and grounds.
Approves the purchase of new uniforms and equipment for extra-cirricuiar organIzations.
Conducts follow-up of graduates.
Publish honor roll.
Operate a recreation room for students during
lunch hours.
Free checking service at all events.
Assign concessions.
Clean-up oampaigns.
Sponsor "teen town" every Friday afternoon.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
46.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
Furnish ushers for all entertainments.
Doterminos purchases and presents awards for
ac ttvitios.
Student section in stadium for football games.
Guidebooks and student directories.
School dances.
Welcoming new students.
Control of parking.
Flail ordor.
Orientation proram.
Club charters and projects.
Sets up whole program of student activities
under five standing committees; (a) Laws and
Funds, (b) Elections, (c) Health and Sanitation,
(d) Service, Ce) Citizenship.
Authorizes appropriations from student body
funds.
Choose Lyceum numbers.
Student safety program.
Make out school calendar.
Passing on plans for school home-room parties.
Sponsor and provide for war orphans.
Managing all drives involving entire school.
Administers annual "Career Day".
Promotion of pep club.
Chartering of student organizations.
Decorate chOoi at Christmas time.
Check elegibility of members of council.
Only one scholarship.
Conducting a sophomore orientation program.
The above list is just a small part of the tota]. list submitted by the cooperating schools.
It is
interesting to note that in nearly all instances, the
council handles all assembly programs, is responsible
for publishing student hand books, conducts noon hour
activity programs, approves new organizations, and acts
as a clearing house for school problems.
In all cases,
it can readily be seen that student councils arc active,
participating organizations, and are playing an important
role in the total school life of the students, faculty
and administration.
Activities or Projects Sponsored by the Council
An examination of activities sponsored by the
various councils reveals that the great majority of them
sponsor orientation programs for new students, Thanks-
giving and Christmas baskets, money collecting drives for
worthy causes, and noon hour activity programs.
In addition to this, it is the usual practice
to sponsor school parties
and other money making activi-
ties in order to raise funds to carry on their projects
for the year.
The Council virtually heads up the Action
Program in the school for student
activities.
Austin Junior Senior High School at Austin,
Minnesota, indicates that their council sponsors a aural
Visiting Day, Fund raisins drives for the March of Dines,
Junior Rod Cross, etc., Library supervision, study hail
supervision and assistance, teacher assistance, Hall
Patrol, Homecoming promotion, Ethics Committee, assembly
programs, mixers (dances); adoption of European school
(now in third year), annual clothtng, drive
or usd
clothing; and numerous project$ affecting students directly.
At North St. Paul Public School at North St.
Paul, Minnesota, the council sponsors noon hour activities; directs and supervises Homecoming activities;
school parties, drives for Junior Red Cr083, polio, etc.,
sponsors cheer leaders; hail traffic; supervises decoration of school at Chriabmas, ushers at important festivities, and raises money to
finance
the above activities.
The council at Boise Senior High School of
Boise, Idaho, sponsors a mixer, assemblies, drives for
funds such as the Red Cross, March of Dimes, etc., and
the publication of the student
sored the purchase
of a
hand book.
It also spon-
Hammond organ, and the purchase
of bleachers for the gym and athletic field.
"Clean-up" campaigns and the Annual 'Follies"
show in collaboration with the Art Department are spon-
sored by the council of Woodlawn High School of Birmingham, Alabama.
They also sponsor sportsmanship ideals,
orientation of freshmen, cap and gown rentals and the
parliamentary law class.
Central High School of Helena, Arkansas, mdicabes that their council is responsible for school
drives, for Career Day, the Teen-Age Club, Social Service and public relations.
the Vote"
campaign,
They also sponsor a "Got Out
the school census, and school citi-
zenship projects.
The Council at Rdgefield Park High School at
Ridgefield Park, New Jersey, participates in County and
State Council organizations, publicizes student activi-
ties through the press, has charge of the Christmas
85
party, allots dates for student social affairs, and
supervises student traffic organization.
The activities sponsored by the council of
Ferry High School of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, are
listed as, Community jrojects; Community und, Goodwill
Campaign; Infantile Paralysis Campaign, Riverview Park
Conmtssion, Red Cross
an
and Kiwanis Guidance Project, and
ctivity ticket sales and clean-up
At the Hartford Public
campaign.
High School at
Hart-
ford, Connecticut, the council conducts Courtesy campaigns, Good Citizenship Drives, Club
strengthening of the United Nations,
sion, scholarship improvement,
The school council at
Night, the
cafeteria
supervi-
and sport dances.
Bloomington High School
gives a dance after each home
charge of a French war orphan, conducts local
at Bloomington, Indiana,
game, has
drives
for funds (Community Chest, etc.),
all-school dance
sponsors an
with the band n the spring, four
athletic pep sessions, and the State Convention this year.
At Gladstone Junior High School in. Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, the council sponsors drives for shooi
safety, clean-up, welfare, Red Cross, etc., and caapaigns
against tardiness, absenteeism, etc.
86
Council Assessments and Handling of Co-Curriculum
Activity Funds
The survey shows that only a few of the schools
levy an assessment tax or tax of any kind upon the stuc1ent
and, in most instances, the funds in connection
with co-curricular activities are handled by a faculty
member or through
he administrative offices.
The fol-
lowing are some of the procedures used in handling student funds:
The Wauwatosa High School of Wauwatosa, Wigconsin, has the funds handled by a separate Student Finance Organization which has a representative on the
council.
At New Brunswick Senior Hich School, New Bruns-
wick, New Jersey, the principal receives all money and
pays all bills.
Ball High School, Galveston, Texas,
states that they have a central accounting agency which
handles all organizations! funds, including the council's.
The council decides how its monies may be spent.
At Newton Eii School, Newtonvllle, Massachusetts, provision is made that it shall be the duty of
the bursar, who shailbe appointed by the school authorities, to keep a record of all receipts and disbursements
in such manner as will show at all times the total
re-
ceipts and payments on the accounts of each activity, to
make formal and annual reports to the executive council,
87
$
to have charge of printing, distribution, and sale of
tickets for all events to which admission is charged.
lIe shall supervise the taking of tickets at all events,
audit at least twice a year the records of cash receipts
as kept by each treasurer or collector.
The funds of
all activities shall be delivered by the respective
treasurers and collectors to the bursar or his official
representative on the date when received or collected.
All disbursements shailbe made by the bursar
upon written warrant of the treasurer of the activity
whose account is to be charged, with the signature of
the faculty supervisor attached.
The bursar must be
bonded to an amount equalling the average yearly receipts,
and his accounts and records shall be audited annually
by a certified accountant.
He shall be a member of the
executive council.
Furthermore, it shall be the duty of the student treasurer to b e an immediate assistant to the bur-
sar, to make reports to the legislature, and to be the
supervisory agent of the various activity treasurers.
He
shall also be a member of the legislature.
At Austin Junior Senior High School, Austin,
Minnesota, the council handles only assembly and lyceum.
funds, while the council of Bloomington High School at
Bloomington, Indiana, handles only those funds involved
in after game dances.
At Seabreeze High School, Daytona
88
of co-curriculum activities
Beach, Florida, the funds
are handled by a faculty
member, as provided by Florida
law.
In many instances, the Council sponsors an ac-
tivity ticket. This ticket usually
to admission
to
entitles the student
all athletic contests, social functions,
drsmetie performances, subscription to school paper,
school annual and the right to participate as a member
of the student organization.
McKinley High School of
Honolulu, Tucson Senior High School of Tucson, Arizona,
Newport News High School of Newport News, Virginia, Garfield High School, Seattle, Washington, are some of the
schools using the activity ticket.
Almost all of the schools surveyed
indicated
that the student council participates in collecting money
for charitable purposes.
The following is a list of some
of the collections made:
1.
Red Cross
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Community Chest
ar Orphan3
P. T.
.
Scholarship Fund
2. National Children's Fund
3. War Memorial
10.
II.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
T. B. Leaue
Care pacha.s to Europe
Christa
aivatio
Seals
rmy
Cripplect Ch1drems Seals
orJct Friexiasmip Program
Junior Red Cross
March of Dimes
Cancer Drive
Vienna Schools Relief Program
United Nations Fund
18.
19.
Loper Orphans - Belgian Congo
Thanksgiving offering
Greatest Problems Confronting the Council
An examination of the responses given by the
participating schools reveals that a lack of interest
among students and teachers, as well as ineffective com-
mittee work, are the greatest problems confronting them.
Other problems are as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
How to raise money for its own activities.
Council meets during the student activity period
on school time. During this period, all of our
athletes conduct their practice.
Our athletes
do not accept a council position on account of
this conflict.
To get the student body as a whole to understand
the workings of student government, and to
increase the number of reliable leaders.
How to elevate scholarship.
Maintaining general student interest in activities of the council which only indirectly affect
the welfare of the entire student body.
Developing more responsible attitudes.
Problem of elimination o fraternties4
What to do with tho student who misbehaves, and
how to keep him in school as long as ossible.
Finding challenging jobs to do which Interest
the council memoers.
Cooperation between the council and principal.
To win confidence from all faculty members and
to make them
projects are worthwhile
in developing the whole child.
Financing
with the distributIon of
funds among the various activities.
Getting the personnel of the council selected
from able stude:ts.
Leadership and the development of the same.
How to interest more students in self-goverflment,
and to get more student participation.
realize all
activities
To improve school spirit.
Two-&hift day made it difficult for the student
council to meet.
90
lu.
19.
20.
21.
2.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33
34
35.
36.
37.
Making sure every home-room president reports
of' council work and announcements to his room.
Development of many, rather than few, leaders.
Keeping school citizens educated to the nature,
function, and workings of the council movement
in general, and of our council in particular.
Also, building up right attitudes among sthdents as to what a council can really mean.
To p,ot the students to accept the responicihility given them by their constItutIon.
Time to do the work expected.
Furnishing enough information to the student
body on the council and its work to get wholehearted cooperation.
Finding projects within our means.
Noon activity during the winter months.
Get;ting suggestions from the student body.
Financing trips to conventions.
Satisfying all departments in making awards.
Teaching student responsibility that goes along
with student privilege.
To work so many activities Into the school
calendar without using the school nights.
Keeping students within the rules of the Board
of Education.
peedir or ntatii of iiew studors.
Fffec tiv
tration of ac ti tr 'am.
CocimuntatIor etwen council repr senttive
assemo.Ly, A'om-roon emoers and facuty.
Getting homeroom teachers to cooperate with
programs for home rooms which are sponsored by
the council.
How to get students to maintain better sanitary
conditions in lavatories.
Getting students to visIt council meetings.
Only a very small percentage of the schools
felt that they had no problems confronting their council.
In most instances it was felt that an education program through the homerooms or other school units,
as well as the development of proper attitudes on the part
of faculty members, are several of the methods which might
be used in solving these problems.
91
Standards of Scholarship to be Met Before a Student May
iTold Mombershi in a Council
Certain standards of scholarship, usually that
of receiving
a grade of C, which was indicated as
ave-
rage, is required before a student may hold membership
in the council.
Boise Senior High School, Boise, Idaho,
requires a grade average of 3.5 in four full credit
courses the previous semester, and during term of office.
The Woodlawn High School, Birmingham, Alabama, eoirments
that after the second semester every regular council mem-
ber must pass a parliamentary law test before serving.
A candidate f or student body office, must be approved by
the sponsor as to behavior record in files.
At Holland
High School, Holland, Michigan, anyone who has received
an E last semester or this, is not eligible.
Eligibility
is determined finally by an eligibility committee.
The
Student Council of Centennial High School, Pueblo,
Colorado, requires that a student council member must
have a "B" average.
Council members of Seabreeze High
School, Daytona Beach, Florida, must have a rating of
85% in citizenship and 80% in scholarship to be eligible
I or office.
At Tucson Senior High School, Tucson, Art-
zona, a scholarship of 2.9 is satisfactory
attendance
must be very good, and candidates cannot have deits.
Mr. Walter B.
asniusson, Adviser of the Student
92
Counc.tl, of Austin Junior-Senior High School of Austin,
Mthnosota, states "a Council cannot be truly representative if it bars any group of students on the basis of
scholarship, or for any other reason.
Some of the best
work in the Council is being done by students of average
scholastic ability, and as a matter of fact, as many be-
low average students are doing good work in the Council
as 'straight A's".
This places considerable additional
burden on the sponsor, since he must work harder to meet
the challenge of a scholastically heterogeneous group,
but it seems to this writer that it is well worth the effort."
93
CHAPTER IV
Conclusions and Recommendations
S umniary
1.
Of the schools surveyed, nine had estab-
1ishd councils between the years 1913 and 1920; 38 between 1920 and 1930; 17 between 1930 and 1940; seven be-
tween 1940 and 1950, while 12 of the schools indicated
no date.
2.
The major or primary aims for the organiza-
tion of the student council were the desire for a closer
relationship between faculty and students, and a desire
for a greater participation on the part of the students
in the affairs of the school.
3.
In the majority of cases, it was found that
the principal was the individual who caused the student
council to be installed.
4.
Although several types of organizations
were found in the participating schools, the one most
commonly used was that made up of home room representa
tives in addition to officers such as president, vicepresident, secretary and treasurer elected from the student body at large.
5.
It is evident that much of the internal
work of a student organization is carried on by student
94
committees headed up in the council.
6.
All schools reporting on their student or-
ganizations, with the exception of one, expressed satiafaction in their type of organization for meeting the
needs of the local situation.
7.
The executive and legislative powers were
commonly employed by most schools with only a small percentage using judicial powers.
8.
All schools indicated the use of a written
constitution, with many of them indicating
that
the docu-
ment had been revised several times since its original
adoption.
9.
The great
majority of the schools followed
the policy of having the principal appoint the faculty
adviser.
However, there appears
to
be a tendency to use
the faculty and the students, particularly
the
governing
body, in the selection of an adviser.
10.
belong
to
The chief duties and responsibilities that
the council alone are those of handling all as-
sembly programs, the responsibility for publishing the
student hand book, conducting noon hour
activity
programs,
the approval of new organizations, and acting as a clearing house for school problems in general.
11.
The council sponsors many types of activi-
ties, the moat common being orientation programs for new
95
students, Thanksgiving and Christmas baskets, and money
collecting drives for worthy causes.
12 Councils rarely make the practice of levying an assessniont or tax upon the pupils.
13.
The survey shows that the funds in connec-
tion with co-curricular activities are handled by a
faculty member or through the administration offices.
14.
It is the general practice of the council
to sponsor an activity ticket.
This ticket usually en-
titles students to admission to all athletic contests,
social functions, dramatic performances, subscription to
the school paper, school annual, and the right to parti-
cipate as a member of the student organization.
15.
Few of the schools stated that the student
council collected money for their own use.
However, a
great majority indicated that they participated in collecting money for charitable purposes.
16.
The greatest problem confronting most of
the schools revealed the lack of interest among the students and teachers, as well as ineffective committee
work.
17.
Only a small percentage of the schools
felt that they had no problems confronting their council.
A program of education carried on through the home-rooms
or other school units, as well as developing proper attitudes on the part of faculty members, was one of the
best methods being used in solving their problems.
l.
In many schools, scholarship standards,
usually that of receiving an average grade, is required
before a student may hold membership in the council.
iRe c ommendati on!
On the basis of the findings, it is recoin-
mended that:
1.
All schools have a form of student govern-
mont in which the pupils may take an active part in the
governing of the co-curricular program within the limits
of' their ability.
2.
One of the first steps in promoting stu-
dent government is to educate properly, and indoctrr.ate
all faculty members with an open minded philosophy toward the program.
3.
An education program should be sot up in
the schools, either through orientation, social science
or special student govormnent classes, in order to
acquaint all members of the student body with the proper
procedures, functions and duties involved in the successful operation of democratic practices in a student organization.
4.
Paramount importance and high respect
should be developed toward the student council on the
97
part of the school and the community.
Great effort should be made on the part of
5.
faiulty members and student leaders to make all members
of the student body feel that they are an important and
necessary cog in the successful operation of the school
organi zat ion.
6.
An effort should be made to give some type
of responsibility, however minor, to those
school citizens.
7.
who are poor
The work of the school organization should
be distributed among a sufficient
number of
committees,
the major portion of whose membership should be selected
from the student body at large.
c.
Council members Should be carefully se-
lected on the basis of their ability and
sIncerity,
rather than popularity, to represent their group, and
perform the duties of their office.
9.
All elected officers, such as the vice-
president, should have definite, delegated duties.
10.
Adequate time be allowed in home rooms for
students to discuss their problems which are then submitted to the council.
11.
All council members have a definite re-
sponsibility of reporting back to their respective
groups, and that adequate time be allowed in the program
of atudios for this purpose.
12,
Under proper supervision, students should
share a greater responsibility in handling their own
finances.
13.
The council, or a delegated comnittee re-
oponsible to the council, should take an active part in
preparing a budget for the following year.
-14.
The students should take an active part in
passing on all expenditures involved in the co-curricular
program.
15.
The s tudent activity ticket be used with
reduced rates, and the holder be entitled to admission
to all functions of the program without additional
charges.
16.
The schools should not be used as collect-
ing agencies for all charitable organizations.
17.
Limitation should be placed on the number
of major and minor offices one individual may hold in
the school program in order to allow for greater parti-
cipation in the sharing of responsibi1ties and to allow
more time for academic work on the part of school leaders.
18.
A regular time be scheduled for council
19.
Council meetings should be held during
meetings.
regular school hours.
20.
The powers of the student governing body
-j
than rather council the in represented
is school in
student every whereby developed be plan Some
repre-
29.
council. the in sented
be should both, of combination a or students, the
or group, their by
selected members Faculty 2o.
adviser. council the of selection the in share
should members faculty and students The
27.
organizations. of presidents sending automatically by than
rather delegates elected specifically of
consist should
council student tho on Representation
2G.
program. dernic
aca- the as manner same the in
taxation, regular through
Education of 3oard the cy financed be should it of part
pupil, the of education over-all the in part
important
an plays program
co-curricular the Since 25.
punishment. than rather education constructive
emphasize should idea court student The
24.
limited. very be should government student the of power
judicial the supervised, carefully Unless
23.
eliminated. be shonid
behaviour and scholarship residence, as such council
student
the to membership for Requirements
22.
reason. with and necessary
absolutely when only used be should it that but veto,
of power the exercise shall principal The
21.
principal. the from derived be shall
99
'I
Ii
100
through special groups.
3O.
Whenever and wherever posáible, a faculty
member should be appointed, whose responsibilities will
be that of director of co-curricular activities.
31.
All action of the governing body shall be
conducted in a businesslike manner, and follow Robert's
Rules of Order.
32.
All student organizations shall have a
written constitution.
33.
Student body constitutions should be built
for practical use.
34.
The student court idea should emphasize
conatruotive education rather than punishment.
35.
An effort should be made on the part of
the student council to understand the problems of school
and community interest.
101
BIBLIOGRAPHY
School Acti-
1.
Our "Circuit Court".
Aithouso, M. G.
vities, 15:202, February 1944.
2.
Ashbrook, B. Officor's training classes.
Activities, 3:l63-l69, December 1936.
3.
Brogue, E. 13. and
4.
Calkins, F. M. A model-city government. School
Activities, 11:51-52, 70-71, October 1939.
5.
Callahan, D. E. Student democracy within choo1
walls.
School Activities, 20:283-284, May 1949.
6.
Castell, S. A study of constitutions of pupil government organizations in high schools. National
association of secondary school principals,
Bul. 24, pp.153-155, January 1929.
7.
Cleland, G. L. A centralized system of accounting for
student activity funds. "Student Act1vitie in
the Secondary Schoo1s, National association of
secondary school principals pp. 29-46, January
School
B. Jacobson.
"Student-council
Handbook" pp.41-65. National association of
secondary school principals, March 1940.
1944.
School
8.
Crawford, C. Student council reorganization.
Activities, 12:15-16, September 1940.
9.
Davis, T. S. A training school for pupil leaders.
School Review, 43:603-607, October 1935.
10.
Diettert, C. C. Teacher load and extra curricular
School Activities, 9:203, 245,
activities.
January 1938.
11.
Dimond, S. E. Citizenship education through student
participation. High School Journal 30:60-61,
March 1949.
12.
Eber, W. J. An accounting system for student activity funds. School Activities, 11:389-390, May 1940.
102
13.
Elinesson, H. H. The teacher and extra curriculum
activities. School Review, 40:364-371, May 1932.
14.
Evans, J. H. Leadership course.
16:480-482, April 1942.
15.
Findlay, J. F. Student government, medieval, colonial and modern style.
School Activities, 11:315.316, 350, 368-390, April, day 1940.
16.
Forinan, W. A.
1'?.
Fwler, M. W.
18.
Harder, A. Vise selection of high school officers.
School Activities, 15:60, October 1943.
19.
Harap, H. Every school is a community. Education
Leadership, 4:278-283, February 1947.
20.
Harriman, P. L.
The student-faculty congress.
Journal of higher education 8:413-416, November 1937.
21.
Ivins, W. H. Characteristics of a good student
council. Nat. assn. sec. sch. prin. bul. 33:113lid, January 1948.
22.
Kelley, E. C. Too many safeguards kill student
government.
Clearing House 18:68-71, 195-197,
December 1943.
23.
Kirkendail, L. A. Duties of a student council faculty
adviser. Progressive Education 3:208-210,
Clearing House
A parent-teacher-pupil council.
School Activities, 7:5-6, March 1936.
Learning democracy through council experiences. Baltimore Bulletin of Ed. 25:288,
April 1943.
Novertiber 1934.
24.
Mason, H. E. Budgeting the funds of pupil organization.
School Review 42:111-117, February 1934.
25.
Meyer, F. A functioning student court.
vities 11:277-278, 2J8, March 1940.
26.
Morgan, R. E. School activities for school morale.
School Activities 13:331-336, May 1942.
27.
McKown, Harry C. The student council. New York, N.Y.,
McGraw-Hill book company, inc., 1944. 352p.
School Acti-
103
Nat. ed. assoc.
28.
Pfliogor, E. F. and G. L. Weston.
journal 38:256-7, April 1949.
29.
Rahohi, F. A student council on a state government
plan.
School Activities 7:10-11, January 1936.
30.
Hahn, A. 0.
ittidontn.
Student council aids in orienting new
Student Activities 8:344, April 1937.
How to begin a student council.
ActIvities 13:91-92, Novenber 1941.
School
31.
Hnnftth, 0.
32.
Ringdahl, N. h. What outcomes may be expected from
pupil participation? School Activities 7:3-5,
January 1936.
33.
Rivcrs, H. We participate in student government.
ii Va. journal education 42:17, Feb. 1949.
34.
Robinson, J. T. Students and faculty work to improve
life in school,
Journal ed. sociology 21:517527, May 1948.
35.
Settle, M. L. An activity ticket.
13:16-17, September 1941.
36.
Shannon, J. R. The post-school careers of high
school leaders and high school scholars. School
Review 37:65S-665, November 1929.
37.
Sheldon, T. A. rupil participation in school control
in high schools of Iowa,
School Review 43:189197, March 1935.
38.
Stensaas, W. M. Who should finance extra curricular
activities? School Activities 13:7-8, Sept. 1941.
39.
Student elections.
December 1941.
40.
Terry, P. W. Supervising extra curricular activities.
New York, N. Y., McGraw-Hill book company, Inc.,
1930.
School Activities,
High school journal 24:346-351,
3lOp.
41.
Tompkins, E. Young and growing s tudent council.
School Activities 20:5-7, Sept. 1948.
42.
Welling, H. Building character for democracy.
Schools, January 1942.
Better
104
43.
Woolton, L. R. Junior judge and jury.
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i].. Safety
0
H
to
IflLI
106
1.
Name of School
2.
Address
3.
Name of' Principal
4.
Your Student Council was organized
5.
What was the apecific purpose for organizing your
Student Council?
6.
What person or organization prompted the installation
of the Student Council?
7.
What type of organization did your Student Council
adopt?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
City Government Plan
State Government Plan
National Government Plan
Council of Home-room Presidents
Other _________; Please Specify
8.
Please describe briefly the outline of your plan of
organization.
(Attach Separate sheet if desired to
give more details.)
9.
How has this type of organization worked out?
107
10.
Does your Council employ: Judicial ______; executive ______; legislative ______; powers.
(Illustrate
if possible)
11.
Does your Council have a written constitution?
(If so, please attach a copy of your constitution
bylaws.)
12.
How is the faculty adviser selected?
13.
What are the chief duties and responsibilities that
belong to the Council alone?
14.
What activities or projects does the Council sponsor?
15.
Does your Council levy an assessment or tax upon
each pupil?
16.
Does the Council handle the funds in connection with
co-curriculum activities?
17.
Does your Council sponsor an activity ticket?
Describe
18.
Does the student Council in your school collect money
for any purpose?
Describe
19.
What are the greatest problems confronting your
council?
108
20.
What ig being done to solve these problems?
21. 'Do certain standards of.scholarship have to bemet
before a student may hold memberthip in the CouncIl?
Additional comments:
Name(s) of person(s) filling
out questionnaire:
Official position:
109
Th following is a list of the participating schools:
Au5td Junior-Senior High School, Austin, Minnesota
Ball High School, Galveston, Texas
Baldwin High, Birmingham, Michigan
Benton Harbor High, Benton Harbor, Michigan
Bloomington High, Bloomington, Indiana
Boise Senior High School, Boise, Idaho
Boulder High School, Boulder, Colorado
Centennial High, Pueblo, Colorado
(Revised)
Central High School, Aberdeen, South Dakota
Central High, Helena, Arkansas
Central Junior High, St. Cloud, Minnesota
Cleveland Junior High School, Newark, New Jersey
Danville High, Danville, Kentucky (Reorganized)
Edison Technical and Industrial Sóhool, Rochester, New
York
Evanston Township High School, Evanston, Illinois
Faribault High, Faribault, Minnesota
Forest Park High School, Baltimore, Maryland
Garfield High School, Seattle, Washington
Geo. Stevens Academy, Blue Hill, Maine
Gladstone Junior High, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Hartford Public High, Hartford, Connecticut
Holland High, Holland, Michigan
Inglewood High, Inglewood, California
(Revised)
J. M. Atherton High School for Girls, Louisville,
Kentucky
110
John G. Carlisle School, Covington, Kentucky
Karnohwnha School for Girls, Kapalama Heights, Honolulu
Kensington High, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Lane Technical High, Ch1eajo, Illinois
La Salle Peru Township High School, La Salle, Illinois
Llndoln Junior High, Rockford, Illinois
Little Rock Senior High, Little Rock, Arkansas
Louisville Girls' High School, Louisville, Kentucky
Lyons Township High School, La Grange,
Illinois
Marysville Union High, Marysville, California
McKinley High, Honolulu, Hawaii
Miami Edison Senior High, Miami, Florida
Nathan Hale Junior High, New Britain, Connecticut
Neenah 111gb School, Neenah, Wisconsin
Newberg Union High School, Newberg, Oregon
Newport News High School, Newport News, Virginia
Newton High School, Newtonville, Massachusetts
North St. Paul Public School, North St. Paul, Minnesota
Northwest Junior High, Reading, Pennsylvania
Perkinston Junior College, Perkinston, Mississippi
Ferry High School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Phillips High, Birmingham, Alabama
Ponca City Senior High, Ponca City, Oklahoma
Quincy Junior High, Quincy, Illinois
Reading Senior High School,
Reading, Pennsylvania
11].
flicker Classical Institute, Houston, Maine
Ridgefleld Park High, Ridgefield Park, New Jersey
Ridgewood High, Ridgowood, New Jersey
Rohrt W. Traig Academy, Kittery, Maine
Hock Island Senior High, Rock Island, Illinois
Roosevelt High, Washington, D. C.
Roosevelt Junior High, Alton, Illinois
Seabreeze High School, Daytona Beach, Florida
S. J. Tilden High, Brooklyn, New York
Senior High, Stiliwater, Minnesota
Shawnee Mission High, Merriam, Kansas
Shorewood High, Milwaukie, Wisconsin
South High, Omaha, Nebraska
Sudlow Junior High, Davenport, Iowa
Thomas Jefferson High, Brooklyn, New York
Thomas Jefferson High, Council Bluffs, Iowa
Thomas Junior High, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Tubman High School, Augusta, Georgia
Tucson Senior High, Tucson, Arizona
Tuscaloosa County High, Northport, Alabama
Union High School, Tempe, Arizona
University High, Bloomington, Indiana
University High School, Laramie, Wyoming
University High, Lawrence, Kansas
University High, Morgantown, West Virginia
112
Van Wert High School, Van Wert, Ohio
Wauwatosa High, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin
West Senior High, Columbus, Ohio
Western High, Macomb, Illinois
Wichita High School North, Wichita, Kansas
Wiley High, Terre Haute, Indiana
Woodlawn High School, Birmingham, Alabama