6
Analysis Area
1
5
6
33
6
1
97
3
3
3
3
542
Legend
97
21
31
395
95
20
Highways
20
States and provinces
20
Rivers
530
97
5
155
153
395
21
Elevation (m)
25
95
0 – 250
231
101
250 – 500
2
2
101
90
2
500 – 750
90
750 – 1000
97
1000 – 1250
28
28
21
5
1250 – 1500
1500 – 1750
105
1750 – 2000
101
123
508
6
2000 – 2250
23
90
410
12
82
7
12
2250 – 2500
261
24
4
12
395
2500 – 2750
82
124
2750 – 3000
5
3250 – 3250
97
82
503
141
3250 – 4500
14
Scale
50
25
0
12
14
50
Km
5
Figure 1—The analysis area for the evaluation of large carnivore landscape permeability in Washington and adjacent portions of British Columbia and Idaho.
8
6
Road Density
1
5
6
33
6
97
1
3
3
3
3
542
97
21
31
395
95
20
20
20
530
Legend
21
97
5
395
155
153
25
95
Highways
2
231
States and provinces
Rivers
101
2
101
90
2
90
Road density
(miles per square mile)
97
0 – 0.01
21
123
101
1–4
508
6
23
90
410
12
105
0.01 – 1
28
28
5
82
7
12
4 – 10
261
24
4
>10
12
395
82
124
5
97
82
503
141
Scale
50
25
0
50
Km
14
12
14
Figure 3—Road density, in miles per square mile. Road data were compiled from Washington Department of Natural Resources 1:24,000 digital maps, British Columbia Ministry of
Environment, Lands, and Parks 1:20,000 TRIM data, and 1:100,000 U.S. Census Bureau Tiger data for Idaho.
6
Land
Cover
Class
1
5
6
33
6
1
97
3
3
3
3
542
97
Legend
21
31
395
95
20
20
Highways
20
States and provinces
530
Rivers
97
5
155
153
Agriculture
395
21
25
95
Alpine
Dry forest
101
2
101
Dry shrub/grass
90
97
Interior mesic shrub
28
28
Snow/ice
21
5
Urban/developed
Coastal mesic forest
123
101
508
6
82
7
12
Coastal mesic shrub
261
24
4
Wetlands/riparian
82
124
5
97
82
503
141
Scale
0
12
395
Bare
25
23
90
410
12
105
Water
90
2
Interior mesic forest
50
2
231
14
50
12
14
Km
9
Figure 4—Land cover class map used for modeling landscape permeability for large carnivores. Land cover data were compiled from the Washington State Gap Analysis Program
(GAP), British Columbia baseline thematic mapper data, and Idaho GAP. Source data were mapped at approximately 1:250,000 scale.
10
6
Human
Population
Density
1
6
5
33
6
97
1
3
3
3
3
542
97
21
31
395
95
20
20
20
530
Legend
21
97
5
395
155
153
25
95
Highways
2
231
States and provinces
101
2
101
Rivers
90
2
90
Population density
(people per square mile)
97
28
28
21
5
0 – 10
10 – 25
105
25 – 50
101
123
508
6
23
90
410
12
82
7
12
50 – 100
>100
261
24
4
12
395
82
124
5
97
82
503
141
Scale
50
25
0
50
Km
14
12
14
Figure 5—Human population density map used for modeling large carnivore landscape permeability. Population density on private lands was compiled from U.S. Census Bureau
population data by census block for Washington and Idaho. Population density for private lands in British Columbia was calculated by electoral district. Source data were mapped at
approximately 1:250,000 scale.
6
Slope
1
5
6
33
6
97
1
3
3
3
3
542
97
21
31
395
95
20
20
20
530
21
97
5
395
155
153
25
95
231
101
Legend
2
101
90
97
States and provinces
21
123
101
508
6
0 – 20
23
90
410
12
105
Slope (degrees)
82
7
12
20 – 40
261
24
4
12
395
40 – 100
82
82
503
141
Scale
50
Km
124
97
5
0
28
28
5
Rivers
25
90
2
Highways
50
2
14
12
14
11
Figure 6—Slope map used for modeling large carnivore landscape permeability. Slope was calculated from U.S. Geological Survey 90-m digital elevation model data for the U.S.
portion of the analysis area. Slope for the Canadian portion of the analysis area was derived from British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands, and Parks 25-m digital elevation
model data.
6
General Forest
Carnivore Model
Dispersal
Habitat
Suitability
1
6
5
33
6
1
97
3
3
3
3
542
97
21
31
395
95
20
20
20
530
21
97
5
395
155
153
25
Legend
95
2
231
101
Highways
2
101
90
2
States and provinces
90
Rivers
97
28
28
21
5
Dispersal habitat suitability
Good: 1.0
105
Moderate: 0.5
101
123
508
6
Poor: 0.01
23
90
410
12
82
7
12
261
24
4
12
395
82
124
5
97
82
503
141
12
Scale
50
25
0
50
Km
14
14
15
Figure 7—General forest-associated large carnivore dispersal habitat suitability estimated based on land cover, road density, human population density, and slope.