OMG Specifications for Enterprise
Interoperability
IESA 2010 Workshop
Standardisation – a foundation for
Interoperability
Brian Elvesæter1 and Arne-Jørgen Berre1
1
SINTEF ICT, P. O. Box 124 Blindern, N-0314 Oslo, Norway
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Presentation Outline
 Object Management Group (OMG)
 Summary of specifications
 Selected specifications positioned in Zachman
 OMG and interoperability
 Overview of standards
 BPMN 2.0
 SoaML
 Conclusions
 Questions
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Object Management Group (OMG)
 The Object Management Group (OMG) is an international, open
membership and not-for-profit industry consortium, which develops
enterprise integration standards for a wide range of technologies and
provide modelling standards to support enterprise architecture.
 Summary of specifications
 http://www.omg.org/technology/documents/spec_summary.htm
 Business modelling specifications
 BMM, BPDM, BPMM, BPMN, PRR, SBVR
 Modelling and metadata specifications
 CWM, MIPS, MOF, MDMI, MLTD, MOFM2T, QVT, MOFFOL, OCL,
SysML, ODM, RAS, FUML, SoaML, SPEM, UML, UMLDI, HUTN, XMI
 UML profile specifications
 SysML, smartant, CCMP, CCCMP, UML4DDS, EAI, EDOC, MARTE,
QFTP, SPTP, SoCP, SDRP, VOICP, UTP, UPDM
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Selected Standard Initiatives
 We give an overview of the newest OMG modelling standard
initiatives with respect to enterprise architecture.
 Enterprises are today looking into enterprise architectures that provide
models that can be used to describe and understand how different
aspects of an enterprise work together.
 A framework for enterprise architecture was first introduced by Zachman
in 1987
 Business modelling specifications
 Business Motivation Model (BMM), Business Process Modeling Notation
(BPMN), Organization Structure Model (OSM), Value Delivery Metamodel
(VDM), Case Management Process Modeling (CMPM), Semantics of
Business Vocabulary and Business Rules (SBVR), Date-Time Foundation
Vocabulary (DTFV)
 IT modelling specifications
 Unified Modeling Language (UML), Service oriented architecture Modeling
Language (SoaML), Ontology Definition Metamodel (ODM), Information
Management Metamodel (IMM)
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OMG Specifications in Zachman (1/2)
Data
(What)
Function
(How)
Scope
(Contexts)
List of things important
to business
List of processes that
the business performs
SBVR
VDM
VDM
Business
(Concepts)
Semantic Model
Business Process
Model
Business Logistics
System
BPMN, CMPM
System
(Logic)
Logical Data Model
Technology
(Physics)
Component
(Assemblies)
Operation
(Instances)
ODM,
IMM (CWM)
Network
(Where)
People
(Who)
Time
(When)
List of locations which
List of organizations
List of events/cycles
the business operates important to the business important to the business
OSM
Motivation
(Why)
List of business
goals/strategies
DTFV
BMM
Workflow Model
Master Schedule
BPMN, CMPM,
DTFV
Business
Plan
BPMN, CMPM
OSM, BPMN,
CMPM
ODM,
IMM (CWM), UML
Application
Architecture
Distributed
System Architecture
Human Interface
Architecture
SoaML, UML
SoaML, UML
BPMN, CMPM
Physical Data Model
System Design
IMM (CWM), UML
SoaML, UML
Technology
Architecture
Data Definition
Program
IMM (CWM), UML
UML
Data
Function
SoaML, UML
Network
Architecture
UML
Network
Presentation
Architecture
Process Structure
BPMN, CMPM,
DTFV
Control Structure
SBVR
Business Rule
Model
SBVR
Rule
Design
BPMN, CMPM,
DTFV
SBVR
Timing
Definition
Rule
Definition
DTFV
SBVR
Schedule
Strategy
Security
Architecture
Organization
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OMG Specifications in Zachman (2/2)
Data
(What)
SBVR
Network
(Where)
Function
(How)
List of locations
VDMwhich
the business
People
(Who)
Time
(When)
Motivation
(Why)
List of events/cycles
important to the
business
List of business
goals/strategies
Workflow
Model
Master
Schedule
Business
Plan
Human
Interface
Architecture
Process
Structure
Business Rule
Model
OSM
List of things
important
to business
List of processes
that the business
performs
operates
Business
(Concepts)
Semantic Model
Business
Process
Model
Business
Logistics
System
System
(Logic)
Logical Data Model
Application
Architecture
Distributed
System
Architecture
Technology
(Physics)
Physical Data Model
IMM
(CWM)
System Design
Technology
Architecture
Presentation
Architecture
Structure
DTFV
Control
Rule
Design
Component
(Assemblies)
Data Definition
Program
Network
Architecture
Security
Architecture
Timing
Definition
Rule
Definition
Operation
(Instances)
Data
Function
Network
Organization
Schedule
Strategy
ODM
SoaML
List of organizations
important to the
business
BMM
Scope
(Contexts)
BPMN
CMPM
UML
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SBVR
OMG and Interoperability
 Enterprise Architecture
 Zachman Framework introduced in 1987.
 Today there exists several, e.g., DoDAF, MODAF, TOGAF.
 Regardless of the differences between the enterprise
architectures,
 the models within them must all represent the goals, processes,
rules, IT resources and relationships
 that define how the enterprise operates.
 Since all of OMG’s modelling specifications are based on
 a common modelling infrastructure, namely the Meta-Object
Facility (MOF),
 using OMG modelling standards help tie individual models
together in an overall architecture.
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Metamodelling
 System development is fundamentally based on the use of
languages to capture and relate different aspects of the
problem domain.
 The benefit of metamodelling is its ability to describe these
languages in a unified way.
 This means that the languages can be uniformly managed and
manipulated thus tackling the problem of language diversity.
 For instance, mappings can be constructed between any number
of languages provided that they are described in the same
metamodelling language.
 Using metamodels, many different abstractions can be defined
and combined to create new languages that are specifically
tailored for a particular application domain.
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Three Modelling Levels
Minimum & Reflexive
M3
the MOF
MMM
level
M2 level
the BMM
MM
M1 level
M0 level
a UML
model m
a particular
use of m
the BPMN
MM
the UML
MM
another UML
model m’
another
use of m
“The real world”
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ModelElement
Constrains
0..*
1..*
1..*
Contains
AttachesTo
0..*
Import
MOF Model (M3)
/Depends On
Namespace
Tag
0..*
{ordered}
Aliases
0..*
0..*
0..*
Constraint
0..*
+typedElement
IsOfType
GeneralizableElement
TypedElement
Feature
StructureField
Constant
Parameter
Generalizes
+type 1
Classifier
Package
BehaviouralFeature
StructuralFeature
AssociationEnd
/Exposes
1
1
ReferesTo
Association
Class
DataType
Exception
Operation
Attribute
0..*
Reference
CanRaise
0..* 0..* {ordered}
PrimitiveType
StructureType
EnumerationType
CollectionType
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AliasType
Business Modelling Specifications (1/2)
 Business Motivation Model (BMM)
 Implementing enterprise
architecture typically starts with
documenting goals, strategy and
business plans.
 BMM defines a set of concepts
(e.g., goal, objective, vision, means
and strategy) that can be used to
model the elements of business
plans.
 These elements can be linked to
business roles, business rules and
organization unit that are specified
using other OMG modelling
standards.
 Business Process Modeling
Notation (BPMN)
 BPMN 2.0 is in the final stages of
standards adoption at OMG.
 The specification provides a
notation and a model for business
processes and an interchange
format.
 BPMN is designed to cover many
types of modelling and allows the
creation of end-to-end business
processes.
 It allows the specification of private
processes (both non-executable
and executable), public processes,
choreographies and collaborations.
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Business Modelling Specifications (2/2)
 Value Delivery Metamodel (VDM)
 This RFP solicits proposals for a
metamodel specification for
modelling customer value delivery.
 Integrated value delivery models
provide context for understanding
the impact of services on multiple
lines of business.
 These models also provide the
context for sharing services.
 They make cost and time analysis,
in the context of strategic planning
and transformation, more efficient
by formalizing the structure of the
value delivery system.
 Case Management Process
Modeling (CMPM)
 This RFP solicits proposals for a
metamodel extension to BPMN 2.0
to support modelling of case
management processes.
 Case Management focuses on
actions to resolve a case – a
situation to be managed toward
objectives.
 Cases don’t have predefined
processes for achieving objectives.
 Humans make decisions based on
observations, experience and the
case file.
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BPMN History
 The Business Process Management Institute (BPMI – now
a part of the OMG) develops BPML and realizes the need
for a graphical notation
 BPML was later replaced by BPEL as the target execution
language
 August 2001, the Notation Working Group is formed.
 May 2004, the BPMN 1.0 specification was released.
 BPMN1.x
 BPMN 1.0 adopted as an OMG standard – February 2006
 BPMN 1.1 (OMG) – January 2008
 BPMN 1.2 (OMG) – January 2009
 BPMN 2.0 expected finalized June 2010
 http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0/
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New Features in BPMN 2.0
 Formal metamodel specified in MOF
 Interchange formats for model and diagram interchange
 New process elements
 Non-interrupting events
 Event sub-process
 New data elements
 New interaction diagrams
 Conversation
 Choreography
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Conversation Diagram
 A Conversation is set of
Message exchanges (Message
Flow) that share the same
Correlation.
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 Conversation diagram depicting
several conversations between
Participants in a related
domain.
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Choreography Diagram
 Provides a flowchart view to sequence interactions between
Participants
 Choreographies define a “business contract” or protocol to which the
Participants agree to follow during real-time interactions.
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SoaML History
 http://www.soaml.org
Issued September
29, 2006
LOI Deadline
November 28, 2006
IBM,...
SHAPE,...
Fujitsu,...
Initial Submission
Deadline June 4, 2007
S1(3)
Adaptive,...
S3(1) Revised Submission
Deadline May 26, 2008
B1
S2(2)
Revised Submission
November 19, 2007
OMG Technical Meeting
June 23-27, 2008 *
Ontario Canada
Revised Submission
Deadline Aug 25, 2008
SoaML FTF Feb., 2009
OMG Technical Meeting
Dec 08-12, 2008 *
Santa Clara EEUU
Voting List Deadline
August 5, 2007
S4
OMG Technical Meeting
Sept 22-26, 2008 *
Orlando EEUU
S5
Revised Submission
Deadline Nov 10, 2008
AMP, Aug. 2009
B2
SoaML FTF Nov., 2009
BPMN 2.0, Dec. 2009
SoaML FTF Rec. Dec.,
2009, Los Angeles
SoaML final standard
March, 2010 (veto, by
Oct. 2010)
Sx – Submission version x
Bx – Beta version x
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SoaML Goals
 Intuitive and complete support for modelling services in UML
 Support for bi-directional asynchronous services between multiple
parties
 Support for Services Architectures where parties provide and use
multiple services.
 Support for services defined to contain other services
 Easily mapped to and made part of a business process
specification
 Compatibility with UML, BPDM and BPMN for business processes
 Direct mapping to web services
 Top-down, bottom up or meet-in-the-middle modelling
 Design by contract or dynamic adaptation of services
 To specify and relate the service capability and its contract
 No changes to UML
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SoaML Key Concepts
 Services architecture – specification of community
 Participants – role
 Service contracts – collaboration (provide and consume)
 Service contract – specification of service
 Role – Provider and consumer
 Interfaces
 Choreography (protocol, behaviour)
 Service interface – bi-directional service
 Simple interface – one-directional service
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Order
Conformation
Provider
Consumer
Marketplace Services – Example
Shipped
Mechanics Are Us
Dealer
Acme Industries
Manufacturer
Consumer Status
Ship Req
Shipped
Provider
Physical
Delivery
Provider
Delivered
GetItThere Freight
Shipper
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Consumer
Services Architecture
Purchasing
service
Shipping
service
Ship
Status
service
 A ServicesArchitecture (or SOA) is a network of participant roles providing and
consuming services to fulfil a purpose.
 The services architecture defines the requirements for the types of participants and
service realizations that fulfil those roles.
 The services architecture puts a set of services in context and shows how participants
work together for a community or organization without required process management.
 A community ServicesArchitecture is defined using a UML Collaboration.
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Inside the Manufacturer
Order
OrderHandler
Conformation
Service
Shipped
Shipper
Ship Req
Shipped
Delivered
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Service interfaces: ShippingService
 The ShippingService service
interface refines the
ShippingContract service
contract.
 The ShippingService service
interface involves two roles:
 The shipper role is a provider
role. It is responsible for
fulfilling the shipping
responsibilities that are given
by its type, the shipping
interface.
 The orderer role is responsible
for processing the shipping
schedule. This is shown by its
ScheduleProcessing type.
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Message-centric vs. RPC-style services
 There are several SOA interaction
paradigms in common use including
document centric messaging, remote
procedure calls (RPC), and publishsubscribe.
 The decision depends on cohesion and
coupling, state management, distributed
transactions, performance, granularity,
synchronization, ease of development
and maintenance, and best practices.
 SoaML supports both document-centric
messaging and RPC-style service data.
 Service data is data that is exchanged
between service consumers and
providers. The data types of parameters
for service operations are typed by a
DataType, PrimitiveType, or
MessageType.
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Service realization: Composite structures
 A ServiceInterface can be the type of a service port.
 The type of a Request port is also a ServiceInterface. The Request port is the conjugate
of a Service port in that it defines the use of a service rather than its provision.
 This will allow us to connect service providers and consumers in a Participant.
 Each service operation provided by a service provider must be realized by either a
behavior or an action.
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Conclusions
 OMG should be regarded as an important industry
consortium that standardizes and promotes many relevant
specifications to support interoperability.
 One important benefit of using OMG standards is that all
standards are based on the common modelling
infrastructure MOF, which ensures that the models are
tied together in an overall architecture.
 This has the advantage that tools and methodologies that
are based on OMG standards will be able to exchange
models and interpret the different models.
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Questions?
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