A STUDY OF NEW ENGLAND SEISMICITY
Quarterly Earthquake Report
January - March, 2009
Weston Observatory
New England Seismic Network
381 Concord Road
Weston, MA 02493
NEW ENGLAND SEISMIC NETWORK (NESN)
John E. Ebel, Principal Investigator
Weston Observatory
Dept. of Geology and Geophysics
Boston College
381 Concord Road
Weston, MA 02493
Email: ebel@bc.edu
Award #04HQAG0020
Prepared by Anastasia Macherides Moulis
and Dina Smith
April, 2009
for
United States Geological Survey
905 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, Virginia 20192
Notice
Network operation supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior,
under USGS award number 04HQAG0020. The views and conclusions contained in this
document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the
official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government.
NESN Quarterly Earthquake Report
January - March, 2009
Table of Contents
* Introduction
* Current Network Operation and Status
* Seismicity
* Data Management
* Tables
o Explanation of Tables
o Table 1 Project Personnel
o Table 2 Seismic Stations
o Table 3 Earthquake Hypocenters
o Table 4 Earthquake Phase Data
o Table 5 Microearthquakes and Other Non-locatable Events
* Figures
o NESN Station Map
o NESN Strong-Motion Station Map
o NESN Quarterly Seismicity Map
o NESN Cumulative Seismicity Map
* Acknowledgments
* References
Introduction
The New England Seismic Network (NESN) is operated by the Weston Observatory (WES) of
Boston College. The mission of the NESN is to operate and maintain a regional seismic network
with digital recording of seismic ground motions for the following purposes: 1) to determine the
location and magnitude of earthquakes in and adjacent to New England and report felt events to
public safety agencies, 2) to define the crust and upper mantle structure of the northeastern
United States, 3) to derive the source parameters of New England earthquakes, and 4) to estimate
the seismic hazard in the area.
This report summarizes the work of the NESN for the period January - March, 2009. It includes
a brief summary of the network's equipment and operation, and a short discussion of data
management procedures. A list of participating personnel is given in Table 1. There were 15
earthquakes that occurred within or near the network during this reporting period. Phase
information for these earthquakes is included in this report.
Current Network Operation and Status
The New England Seismic Network of Weston Observatory of Boston College currently consists
of 12 broadband three-component and 8 analog strong-motion stations. The coordinates of the
broadband stations are given in Table 2, and maps of the weak- and strong-motion networks are
shown in Figures 1 and 2, respectively. The 12 stations consist of Guralp CMG-40T threecomponent sensors. Ground motions recorded by these sensors are digitized at 100 sps with 16bit resolution. Additional gain-ranging provides 126 dB dynamic range. These stations are
operated in continuous mode with all waveform data transmitted via the internet to Weston
Observatory for analysis and event archiving.
Seismicity
There were 15 earthquakes that occurred in or adjacent to the NESN during this reporting period.
A summary of the location data is given in Table 3. Figure 3 shows the locations of these events.
Figure 4 shows the locations of all events since the beginning of network operation in October,
1975.
Table 4 gives the station phase data for each event listed in Table 3. In addition to NESN data,
arrival time and magnitude data sometimes are contributed for seismic stations operated by the
Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), the Lamont-Doherty Cooperative Seismographic Network
(LD), and the US National Seismic Network. Final locations for this section were computed
using the program HYPO78. For regional events (those too far from the NESN to obtain accurate
locations and magnitudes) phase data are given for NESN stations, but the entry in Table 3 lists
the hypocenter and geographic location information adopted from the authoritative network.
Accordingly, the epicenter is plotted on the maps using the entry from Table 3.
Data Management
Recent event locations are available at http://quake.bc.edu:8000/quakes_recent.htm. Waveform
data are saved in SAC, and SEED formats and are available through the IRIS DMC at:
http://www.iris.edu/dms/dmc/. Earthquake catalogs can be found at:
www.bc.edu/research/westonobservatory/northeast/eqcatalogs/ and http://quake.bc.edu:8000/cgibin/NESN/recent_events.pl. Currently available on the Weston Observatory web page is the full
catalog of northeastern U.S. earthquake activity. For more information consult our web site,
http://www.bc.edu/research/westonobservatory/ or contact:
Anastasia Macherides Moulis
Weston Observatory
381 Concord Road
Weston, MA 02493
Voice: 617-552-8325 / Email: anastasia.macherides.1@bc.edu
Dina Smith
Weston Observatory
381 Concord Road
Weston, MA 02493
Voice: 617-552-8335 / Email: dina.smith.1@bc.edu
Prof. John Ebel
Weston Observatory
381 Concord Road
Weston, MA 02493
Voice: 617-552-8319 / Email: ebel@bc.edu
Explanation of Tables
Table 1: Personnel operating the NESN
Table 2: Seismic and Strong Motion Stations
1. Code = station name
2. Lat = station latitude, degrees north
3. Long = station longitude, degrees west
4. Elev = station elevation in meters
5. Location = geographic location
6. Operator = network operator
Table 3: Earthquake Hypocenters
1. Date = date event occurred, Yr (year)/Mo (month)/Dy (day)
2. Time = origin time of event, Hr (hour):Mn (minute):Sec (second)
in UCT (Universal Coordinated Time, same as Greenwich Mean Time)
3. Lat = event location, latitude north in degrees
4. Long = event location, longitude west in degrees
5. Depth = event depth in kilometers
6. Mn = Nuttli Magnitude
7. Mc = Coda Magnitude
8. Location = event geographic location
Table 4: Earthquake Phase Data
1. Geographic location
2. DATE = date event occurred, yr/mo/dy (year/month/day)
3. ORIGIN = event origin time (UCT) in hours, minutes, and seconds
4. LAT N = latitude north in degrees and minutes
5. LONG W = longitude west in degrees and minutes
6. DEPTH = event depth in kilometers
7. MN = Nuttli Lg phase magnitude with amplitude divided by period
8. MC = signal duration (coda) magnitude
WES: 2.23 Log(FMP) + 0.12Log(Dist) - 2.36 (Rosario, 1979)
9. ML = local magnitude
WES: calculated from Wood-Anderson seismograms (Ebel, 1982)
GSC (Geological Survey of Canada): Richter Lg magnitude
10. GAP = largest azimuthal separation, in degrees, between stations
11. RMS = root mean square error of travel time residual in seconds
12. ERH = standard error of epicenter in kilometers
13. ERZ = standard error of event depth in kilometers
14. Q = solution quality of hypocenter
A = excellent
B = good
C = fair
D = poor
Table Body: earthquake phase data
1. STN = station name
2. DIST = epicentral distance in kilometers
3. AZM = azimuthal angle in degrees measured clockwise between true north and vector
pointing from epicenter to station
4. Description of onset of phase arrival
I = impulsive
E = emergent
5. R = phase
P = first P arrival
S = first S arrival
6. M = first motion direction of phase arrival
U = up or compression
D = down or dilatation
7. K = weight of arrival
0 = full weight (1.0)
1 = 0.75 weight
2 = 0.50 weight
3 = 0.25 weight
4 = no weight (0.0)
8. HRMN = hour and minute of phase arriva l
9. SEC = second of phase arrival
10. TCAL = calculated travel time of phase in seconds
11. RES = travel time residual (error) of phase arrival
12. WT = weight of phase used in hypocentral solution
13. AMX = peak-to-peak ground motion, in millimicrons, of the maximum envelope amplitude
of vertical-component signal, corrected for system response
14. PRX = period in seconds of the signal from which amplitude was measured
15. XMAG = Nuttli magnitude recorded at station
16. FMP = signal duration (coda), in seconds, measured from first P arrival
17. FMAG = coda magnitude recorded at station
Table 5: Microearthquakes and other non-locatable events
1. Date = date event occurred, Yr (year)/Mo (month)/Dy (day)
2. Sta = nearest station recording event
3. Arrival Time = phase arrival time, Hr (hour):Mn (minute):Sec (second)
TABLE 1
WESTON OBSERVATORY PERSONNEL
Name
John E. Ebel
Position
Director, Seismologist,
Principal Investigator
Alan Kafka
Research Seismologist
Anastasia M. Moulis Seismologist, Analyst
Dina Smith
Associate Director of
Operations, Seismologist
Michael Hagerty
NESN Manager,
Seismologist
Weston Observatory 617-552-8388 (FAX)
Phone #
617-552-8319
Email Address
ebel@bc.edu
617-552-8300
617-552-8325
617-552-8335
kafka@bc.edu
macherid@bc.edu
dina.smith.1@bc.edu
617-552-8337
hagertmb@bc.edu
617-552-8300
weston.observatory@bc.edu
TABLE 2
SEISMIC STATIONS OF THE NEW ENGLAND SEISMIC NETWORK
Code
BCX *
BRYW
FFD
HNH
QUA2
TRY
EMMW
VT1 *
WES
WVL
YLE
PQI
Lat
42.3350
41.9199
43.4700
43.7051
42.2790
42.7305
44.7101
44.3317
42.3848
44.5648
41.3165
46.6701
Long
-71.1705
-71.5342
-71.6539
-72.2865
-72.3521
-73.6658
-67.4580
-72.7536
-71.3218
-69.6575
-72.9209
-68.0133
* = not in operation during this quarter
Elev (m)
61.0
107
131
180
168
131
34
125
60
85
10
175
Location
Chestnut Hill, MA
Smithfield, RI
Franklin Falls, NH
Hanover, NH
Belchertown, MA
Troy, NY
Machias, ME
Waterbury, VT
Weston, MA
Waterville, ME
New Haven, CT
Presque Isle, ME
Operator
WES
WES
WES
WES
WES
WES
WES
WES
WES
WES
WES
WES
TABLE 3
EARTHQUAKE HYPOCENTERS
Date
Time
Lat
(UTC)
2009/03/22 09:21:01.47 42.65
2009/03/10 21:32:29.93 45.54
Lon
Mn
Mc
Remark
2.3
2.7
2.6
-70.39 00.02
1.7
2.3
2009/03/08 13:30:11.02 46.65
-66.21 24.52
3.2
3.2
2009/03/08 08:16:05.30 46.62
-66.24 11.60
3.6
3.4
2009/02/24 00:24:07.00 42.62
2009/02/20 18:04:19.95 42.57
2009/02/19 23:27:19.11 44.47
-71.15 06.79
-74.11 07.96
-71.97 04.87
1.0
2.4
1.8
2.6
1.9
2009/02/19 02:40:10.11 44.48
-72.00 00.65
1.2
2.3
2009/02/18
2009/02/18
2009/02/17
2009/02/14
2009/02/03
-74.18
-74.13
-74.11
-74.39
-74.50
00.02
04.07
03.71
02.59
35.11
1.8
2.0
1.8
2.3
2.9
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.8
3.0
-72.26 09.45
1.9
2.2
NY, 31.5KM W OF ALBANY
NB, 37.6KM SSE OF
FREDERICTON
ME, 7.6KM N OF MECHANIC
FALLS
NB, 90.0KM NNE OF
FREDERICTON
NB, 86.2KM NNE OF
FREDERICTON
MA, 4.4KM SSW OF ANDOVER
NY, 30.5KM WSW OF ALBANY
VT, 3.9KM ENE OF SAINT
JOHNSBURY
VT, 2.9KM NNE OF SAINT
JOHNSBURY
NY, 35.3KM W OF ALBANY
NY, 31.2KM W OF ALBANY
NY, 29.9KM WSW OF ALBANY
NJ, 4.1KM NNE OF BOONTON
NJ, 5.0KM W OF BERKELEY
HEIGHTS
NH, 3.4KM SE OF HANOVER
2009/03/09 06:35:19.56 44.18
16:20:22.99
03:41:51.04
14:33:27.32
22:22:23.42
03:34:20.75
42.60
42.60
42.59
40.95
40.69
2009/02/01 01:17:45.04 43.68
Depth
(km)
-74.14 08.49
-66.37 00.47
* indicates magnitude as calculated by Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory
^ indicates magnitude as calculated by Earthquakes Canada (Natural Resources Canada)
TABLE 4
EARTHQUAKE PHASE DATA
HYPOINVERSE 2000 (10/2006 VERSION) RUN ON Tue Feb 17 14:28:29 2009
CRUST MODEL 1: 2. HUGHES AND LUETGERT NH
RUN LABEL=
DATE ORIGIN LAT N LONG W DEPTH MN MC ML GAP RMS ERH ERZ Q
200902010117 45.04 43-41.02 72-15.45 9.45 1.9 2.2 113 0.28 0.8 0.7
NH, 3.4KM SE OF HANOVER
NSTA NPHS DMIN N.XMG N.FMG
12 20 3.30 3 9
STN DIST AZM RMK HRMN SEC TOBS TCAL RES WT AMX PRX XMAG FMP FMAG ANG
HNH 3.3 316 EPC0 117 46.79 1.75 1.68 0.04 1.69 19.9 .10 1.9 20 0.7 159
S 3 117 47.57 2.53 2.99 -0.51 0.42
FFD 54.2 115 EPC1 117 53.42 8.38 9.16 -0.80 0.99
92 2.3 95
S 2 117 59.65 14.61 16.30 -1.73 0.00
LBNH 67.3 23 EPC0 117 56.60 11.56 11.28 0.22 1.63
115 2.6 94
S 2 118 5.05 20.01 20.08 -0.18 0.81
MDV 82.1 296 EPC0 117 58.59 13.55 13.68 -0.15 1.60
97 2.4 72
HRV 142.6 156 EPC1 118 8.18 23.14 23.07 0.04 1.07
66 2.3 72
S 2 118 24.62 39.58 41.06 -1.54 0.00
QUA2 156.2 183 EPC0 118 10.41 25.37 25.17 0.17 1.37 0.2 .25 2.0 50 2.1 72
S 2 118 27.21 42.17 44.80 -2.69 0.00
WES 163.2 151 EPC0 118 11.62 26.58 26.25 0.32 1.35 0.2 .09 1.7 66 2.3 72
S 3 118 29.96 44.92 46.72 -1.82 0.00
MOQ 180.9 0 EPC3 118 15.14 30.10 28.57 1.39 0.00
49
BRYW 204.9 163 S 3 118 38.88 53.84 56.11 -2.37 0.00
49
UCCT 209.9 179 EPC2 118 17.01 31.97 32.14 -0.20 0.58
60 2.3 49
S 2 118 41.71 56.67 57.21 -0.59 0.58
LONY 213.1 301 EPC2 118 18.73 33.69 32.54 1.08 0.08
108 2.7 49
S 1 118 43.09 58.05 57.92 0.00 0.85
BINY 346.5 243 S 3 119 17.24 92.20 87.22 4.84 0.00
49
HYPOINVERSE 2000 (10/2006 VERSION) RUN ON Tue Feb 17 14:27:10 2009
CRUST MODEL 1: 6. NORTHERN NY AND ADIRONDACKS
RUN LABEL=
DATE ORIGIN LAT N LONG W DEPTH MN MC ML GAP RMS ERH ERZ Q
200902030334 20.75 40-41.57 74-29.95 35.11 2.9 3.0 264 0.28 1.7 26.3
NJ, 5.0KM W OF BERKELEY HEIGHTS
NSTA NPHS DMIN N.XMG N.FMG
12 21 207.80 5 11
STN DIST AZM RMK HRMN SEC TOBS TCAL RES WT AMX PRX XMAG FMP FMAG ANG
BINY 207.8 324 EPC0 334 49.65 28.90 28.80 0.02 2.44
188 3.1 90
S 0 335 12.12 51.37 51.26 -0.04 2.44
UCCT 226.5 56 EPC1 334 53.48 32.73 31.11 1.59 0.09
114 2.8 90
S 2 335 16.77 56.02 55.38 0.59 1.13
TRY 236.7 16 EPC1 334 53.47 32.72 32.37 0.30 1.62 1.0 .20 2.9 141 2.9 90
S 2 335 18.67 57.92 57.62 0.21 1.08
QUA2 251.4 44 EPC0 334 54.67 33.92 34.18 -0.29 2.01 0.8 .15 2.8 157 3.0 90
S 2 335 20.83 60.08 60.84 -0.81 1.01
BRYW 282.9 60 EPC2 334 59.01 38.26 38.07 0.13 0.85 0.7 .19 2.9 159 3.1 90
S 2 335 28.50 67.75 67.76 -0.12 0.85
HRV 317.3 49 EPC1 335 3.01 42.26 42.33 -0.10 1.01
172 3.1 90
WES 325.0 53 EPC1 335 4.15 43.40 43.28 0.11 0.96 0.3 .10 2.7 181 3.2 90
S 3 335 36.34 75.59 77.04 -1.47 0.06
HNH 381.3 27 EPC2 335 14.80 54.05 50.22 3.80 0.00 0.5 .25 3.1 111 2.9 90
S 2 336 0.09 99.34 89.39 9.90 0.00
MDV 383.0 16 EPC1 335 11.60 50.85 50.43 0.40 0.56
163 3.1 90
S 2 335 57.21 96.46 89.77 6.66 0.00
FFD 388.1 36 EPC0 335 12.37 51.62 51.06 0.54 0.71
158 3.1 90
LONY 436.3 0 EPC2 335 16.45 55.70 57.01 -1.38 0.06
90
LBNH 447.3 27 EPC2 335 19.54 58.79 58.37 0.36 0.15
158 3.2 90
S 2 336 14.34 113.59 103.90 9.58 0.00
HYPOINVERSE 2000 (10/2006 VERSION) RUN ON Tue Feb 17 14:22:55 2009
CRUST MODEL 1: 3. SE OF NEW YORK, HUGHES & LU
RUN LABEL=
DATE ORIGIN LAT N LONG W DEPTH MN MC ML GAP RMS ERH ERZ Q
200902142222 23.42 40-56.95 74-23.25 2.59 2.3 2.8 93 0.34 0.5 1.9
NJ, 4.1KM NNE OF BOONTON
NSTA NPHS DMIN N.XMG N.FMG
21 42 23.60 4 6
STN DIST AZM RMK HRMN SEC TOBS TCAL RES WT AMX PRX XMAG FMP FMAG ANG
ODNJ 23.6 310 EPC0 2222 26.89 3.47 3.65 -0.21 1.35
94
S 0 2222 29.73 6.31 6.50 -0.24 1.35
TBR 25.5 33 EPC0 2222 27.13 3.71 3.95 -0.28 1.35
94
S 0 2222 30.34 6.92 7.03 -0.18 1.35
BRNJ 33.2 208 EPC0 2222 28.47 5.05 5.12 -0.08 1.34
93
S 0 2222 32.27 8.85 9.11 -0.28 1.34
CPNY 40.1 115 EPC0 2222 30.03 6.61 6.17 0.44 1.34
92
S 0 2222 34.83 11.41 10.98 0.43 1.34
PAL 40.9 81 EPC0 2222 29.70 6.28 6.29 -0.02 1.34
92
S 0 2222 34.80 11.38 11.20 0.17 1.34
FOR 43.4 102 EPC0 2222 29.69 6.27 6.67 -0.40 1.33
92
S 0 2222 34.78 11.36 11.87 -0.51 1.33
BRNY 60.5 31 EPC0 2222 32.65 9.23 9.29 -0.11 1.31
91
S 0 2222 39.87 16.45 16.54 -0.18 1.31
LUPA 91.7 246 EPC0 2222 37.87 14.45 14.07 0.34 1.26
91
S 0 2222 48.55 25.13 25.04 0.01 1.26
BINY 191.9 317 EPC0 2222 53.85 30.43 29.34 1.01 0.42
111 2.7 90
S 0 2223 15.94 52.52 52.23 0.15 0.99
HCNY 194.1 0 EPC0 2222 53.88 30.46 29.68 0.73 0.95
90
S 0 2223 16.29 52.87 52.83 -0.05 0.98
UCCT 203.8 61 EPC0 2222 55.48 32.06 31.16 0.87 0.71
117 2.8 90
S 0 2223 18.99 55.57 55.46 0.05 0.95
TRY 206.7 16 EPC0 2222 55.65 32.23 31.60 0.58 0.94 0.2 .10 1.9 69 2.4 90
S 0 2223 19.94 56.52 56.25 0.18 0.94
QUA2 224.9 48 EPC0 2222 57.19 33.77 34.20 -0.46 0.87
110 2.7 53
S 0 2223 24.09 60.67 60.88 -0.26 0.87
BRYW 261.4 64 EPC0 2223 4.77 41.35 38.69 2.60 0.00
53
S 0 2223 30.88 67.46 68.87 -1.51 0.00
ACCN 276.9 12 EPC0 2223 4.53 41.11 40.62 0.43 0.67
53
S 0 2223 33.69 70.27 72.30 -2.14 0.00
HRV 292.1 52 EPC0 2223 4.86 41.44 42.49 -1.08 0.17
53
S 0 2223 40.97 77.55 75.63 1.86 0.00
WES 301.1 56 EPC0 2223 5.20 41.78 43.60 -1.83 0.00 0.1 .10 1.9
53
S 0 2223 39.71 76.29 77.61 -1.34 0.00
NCB 336.2 2 EPC0 2223 12.29 48.87 47.93 0.84 0.36
132 3.0 53
S 0 2223 53.58 90.16 85.32 4.67 0.00
HNH 351.7 28 EPC1 2223 14.19 50.77 49.85 0.89 0.21 0.1 .16 2.2
53
S 2 2223 58.92 95.50 88.73 6.71 0.00
FFD 359.7 37 EPC0 2223 14.55 51.13 50.83 0.28 0.36 0.6 .19 3.1
53
S 0 2223 53.77 90.35 90.48 -0.16 0.36
LBNH 417.7 28 EPC0 2223 26.03 62.61 57.99 4.56 0.00
127 3.0 53
S 0 2224 15.91 112.49 103.22 9.16 0.00
HYPOINVERSE 2000 (10/2006 VERSION) RUN ON Tue Feb 17 14:19:31 2009
CRUST MODEL 1: 6. NORTHERN NY AND ADIRONDACKS
RUN LABEL=
DATE ORIGIN LAT N LONG W DEPTH MN MC ML GAP RMS ERH ERZ Q
200902171433 27.32 42-35.19 74- 6.73 3.71 1.8 2.6 137 0.43 1.0 3.6
NY, 29.9KM WSW OF ALBANY
NSTA NPHS DMIN N.XMG N.FMG
8 16 39.90 2 3
STN DIST AZM RMK HRMN SEC TOBS TCAL RES WT AMX PRX XMAG FMP FMAG ANG
TRY 39.9 66 EPC0 1433 33.53 6.21 6.32 -0.16 1.40 0.5 .10 1.4
67
S 0 1433 38.55 11.23 11.25 -0.11 1.40
NCB 154.3 357 EPC0 1433 50.87 23.55 23.65 -0.20 1.16
112 2.7 67
S 0 1434 9.29 41.97 42.10 -0.30 1.16
BINY 160.3 255 EPC0 1433 52.27 24.95 24.55 0.32 1.14
67
S 0 1434 10.62 43.30 43.70 -0.54 1.14
MDV 174.2 25 EPC0 1433 54.27 26.95 26.65 0.28 1.09
100 2.6 67
S 0 1434 14.31 46.99 47.44 -0.48 1.09
UCCT 179.0 118 EPC0 1433 55.20 27.88 27.38 0.47 1.08
67
S 0 1434 15.18 47.86 48.74 -0.93 1.08
HNH 193.7 49 EPC1 1433 51.67 24.35 29.61 -5.29 0.00 0.3 .05 2.2
67
S 2 1434 8.30 40.98 52.71 11.78 0.00
WES 230.6 94 EPC2 1434 3.45 36.13 34.37 1.75 0.26
48
S 0 1434 28.67 61.35 61.18 0.15 0.89
LBNH 255.2 43 EPC0 1434 7.52 40.20 37.40 2.74 0.00
89 2.6 48
S 0 1434 36.10 68.78 66.57 2.10 0.13
HYPOINVERSE 2000 (10/2006 VERSION) RUN ON Tue Mar 10 14:13:21 2009
CRUST MODEL 1: 6. NORTHERN NY AND ADIRONDACKS
RUN LABEL=
DATE ORIGIN LAT N LONG W DEPTH MN MC ML GAP RMS ERH ERZ Q
200902180341 51.04 42-36.03 74- 7.72 4.07 2.0 2.6 136 0.29 0.8 2.9
NY, 31.2KM W OF ALBANY
NSTA NPHS DMIN N.XMG N.FMG
9 17 40.60 4 7
STN DIST AZM RMK HRMN SEC TOBS TCAL RES WT AMX PRX XMAG FMP FMAG ANG
TRY 40.6 69 EPC0 341 57.19 6.15 6.40 -0.30 2.01 0.6 .15 1.6 75 2.1 90
S 2 342 2.47 11.43 11.39 -0.05 1.00
QUA2 150.5 103 EPC0 342 14.44 23.40 23.05 0.32 1.69 0.4 .10 2.0
S 2 342 31.42 40.38 41.03 -0.70 0.80
BINY 159.4 255 EPC1 342 15.54 24.50 24.40 0.02 1.23
126
S 2 342 34.12 43.08 43.43 -0.49 0.82
MDV 173.4 25 EPC1 342 17.73 26.69 26.51 0.16 1.18
104
S 1 342 38.19 47.15 47.19 -0.07 1.18
UCCT 180.9 119 EPC1 342 18.71 27.67 27.66 -0.02 1.16
95
S 1 342 38.70 47.66 49.23 -1.63 0.00
HNH 193.7 50 EPC2 342 21.50 30.46 29.59 0.84 0.50 0.3 .31 2.3
S 2 342 43.52 52.48 52.67 -0.24 0.74
LONY 227.3 351 IPC1 342 25.16 34.12 33.93 0.12 0.97
153
S 2 342 51.43 60.39 60.40 -0.13 0.65
WES 232.0 94 EPC2 342 24.46 33.42 34.51 -1.10 0.06 0.1 .22 1.9
LBNH 255.0 43 EPC1 342 30.65 39.61 37.34 2.21 0.00
127
S 2 342 59.29 68.25 66.47 1.68 0.00
95 2.5 90
2.8 90
2.6 90
2.6 90
90
3.0 54
54
2.9 54
HYPOINVERSE 2000 (10/2006 VERSION) RUN ON Tue Mar 10 14:15:46 2009
CRUST MODEL 1: 3. SE OF NEW YORK, HUGHES & LU
RUN LABEL=
DATE ORIGIN LAT N LONG W DEPTH MN MC ML GAP RMS ERH ERZ Q
200902181620 22.99 42-36.12 74-10.53 0.02 1.8 2.4 234 0.25 0.9 3.5
NY, 35.3KM W OF ALBANY
NSTA NPHS DMIN N.XMG N.FMG
8 16 44.20 2 3
STN DIST AZM RMK HRMN SEC TOBS TCAL RES WT AMX PRX XMAG FMP FMAG ANG
TRY 44.2 70 EPC1 1620 29.92 6.93 6.83 0.05 2.25
68
S 1 1620 35.01 12.02 12.16 -0.23 2.25
QUA2 154.3 102 EPC4 1620 52.46 29.47 23.64 5.80 0.00 0.3 .10 1.9 50 2.2 68
S 3 1621 3.95 40.96 42.08 -1.17 0.08
BINY 155.8 254 EPC4 1620 34.08 11.09 23.87 12.86 0.00
68
S 4 1621 7.23 44.24 42.49 1.61 0.00
MDV 174.9 27 EPC1 1620 48.76 25.77 26.80 -1.05 0.67
68
S 1 1621 10.58 47.59 47.70 -0.15 1.77
UCCT 184.4 118 EPC2 1620 51.27 28.28 28.24 0.01 1.14
65 2.3 68
S 3 1621 11.41 48.42 50.27 -1.90 0.00
LONY 226.6 352 EPC2 1620 57.96 34.97 34.64 0.26 0.97
48
S 3 1621 24.84 61.85 61.66 0.07 0.49
WES 235.9 94 EPC2 1620 57.50 34.51 35.79 -1.29 0.01 0.1 .14 1.7
48
S 4 1621 25.49 62.50 63.71 -1.22 0.00
LBNH 257.5 44 EPC1 1621 1.86 38.87 38.46 0.35 1.26
88 2.6 48
S 3 1621 32.67 69.68 68.46 1.11 0.10
HYPOINVERSE 2000 (10/2006 VERSION) RUN ON Tue Mar 10 14:17:10 2009
CRUST MODEL 1: 2. HUGHES AND LUETGERT NH
RUN LABEL=
DATE ORIGIN LAT N LONG W DEPTH MN MC ML GAP RMS ERH ERZ Q
200902190240 10.11 44-28.97 71-59.88 0.65 1.2 2.3 178 0.27 1.1 3.8
VT, 2.9KM NNE OF SAINT JOHNSBURY CENTER
NSTA NPHS DMIN N.XMG N.FMG
6 12 27.60 1 3
STN DIST AZM RMK HRMN SEC TOBS TCAL RES WT AMX PRX XMAG FMP FMAG ANG
LBNH 27.6 167 IPC0 240 14.95 4.84 4.76 0.02 1.38
125 2.5 68
S 1 240 18.32 8.21 8.47 -0.37 1.04
HNH 89.4 196 EPC4 240 21.63 11.52 15.13 -3.64 0.00 0.1 .09 1.2
63
S 4 240 37.36 27.25 26.93 0.27 0.00
MOQ 94.3 348 EPC1 240 25.87 15.76 15.92 -0.30 0.97
73 2.2 63
S 4 240 36.28 26.17 28.34 -2.42 0.00
MDV 108.7 241 EPC0 240 28.65 18.54 18.26 0.26 1.26
66 2.2 63
S 1 240 42.22 32.11 32.50 -0.43 0.94
FFD 115.9 166 EPC1 240 29.64 19.53 19.42 0.09 0.93
63
S 4 240 42.95 32.84 34.57 -1.76 0.00
LONY 206.0 276 EP 1 240 44.12 34.01 32.65 1.29 0.00
42
S 2 241 8.75 58.64 58.12 0.40 0.48
HYPOINVERSE 2000 (10/2006 VERSION) RUN ON Tue Mar 10 14:18:23 2009
CRUST MODEL 1: 2. HUGHES AND LUETGERT NH
RUN LABEL=
DATE ORIGIN LAT N LONG W DEPTH MN MC ML GAP RMS ERH ERZ Q
200902192327 19.11 44-28.15 71-58.14 4.87 1.9 185 0.16 8.4 15.5
VT, 3.9KM ENE OF SAINT JOHNSBURY CENTER
NSTA NPHS DMIN N.XMG N.FMG
4 7 25.70 0 3
STN DIST AZM RMK HRMN SEC TOBS TCAL RES WT AMX PRX XMAG FMP FMAG ANG
LBNH 25.7 172 IPC0 2327 23.73 4.62 4.47 0.09 1.61
77 2.1 99
S 1 2327 27.07 7.96 7.96 -0.10 1.21
MOQ 96.3 347 EPC3 2327 35.26 16.15 16.04 -0.03 0.38
53 2.0 73
S 3 2327 45.70 26.59 28.55 -2.21 0.00
MDV 110.0 243 EPC1 2327 36.93 17.82 18.25 -0.45 0.70
36 1.8 66
S 1 2327 51.74 32.63 32.49 0.11 1.10
FFD 113.9 167 S 4 2327 53.24 34.13 33.55 0.54 0.00
66
HYPOINVERSE 2000 (10/2006 VERSION) RUN ON Tue Mar 10 14:29:06 2009
CRUST MODEL 1: 6. NORTHERN NY AND ADIRONDACKS
RUN LABEL=
DATE ORIGIN LAT N LONG W DEPTH MN MC ML GAP RMS ERH ERZ Q
200902201804 19.95 42-34.30 74- 6.50 7.96 2.4 2.6 138 0.23 0.8 1.6
NY, 30.5KM WSW OF ALBANY
NSTA NPHS DMIN N.XMG N.FMG
11 20 40.30 5 6
STN DIST AZM RMK HRMN SEC TOBS TCAL RES WT AMX PRX XMAG FMP FMAG ANG
TRY 40.3 63 EPC0 1804 26.45 6.50 6.40 0.05 1.97 2.2 .10 2.0 86 2.2 97
S 1 1804 31.56 11.61 11.39 0.13 1.48
QUA2 148.1 102 EPC1 1804 43.58 23.63 22.71 0.89 0.19 0.9 .15 2.4
91
S 2 1805 0.45 40.50 40.42 0.02 0.83
BINY 160.2 256 EPC0 1804 44.69 24.74 24.54 0.12 1.61
91
S 1 1805 3.57 43.62 43.68 -0.20 1.21
MDV 175.5 25 EPC0 1804 46.68 26.73 26.87 -0.16 1.54
112 2.7 91
S 2 1805 7.31 47.36 47.83 -0.50 0.77
UCCT 177.9 118 EPC1 1804 47.54 27.59 27.23 0.33 1.14
100 2.6 91
S 2 1805 8.07 48.12 48.47 -0.40 0.76
HNH 194.5 49 EPC3 1804 50.18 30.23 29.54 0.66 0.29 0.9 .30 2.8 55 2.2 54
S 3 1805 11.33 51.38 52.58 -1.25 0.00
HRV 209.6 91 EPC1 1804 51.03 31.08 31.41 -0.36 1.02
54
S 2 1805 14.43 54.48 55.91 -1.48 0.00
BRYW 224.3 108 EPC4 1804 54.70 34.75 33.22 1.47 0.00 0.4 .15 2.4
54
WES 230.1 94 EPC2 1804 53.53 33.58 33.93 -0.36 0.63 0.3 .16 2.3
54
LONY 230.7 351 EPC1 1804 54.40 34.45 34.01 0.37 0.94
169 3.1 54
S 2 1805 20.96 61.01 60.54 0.35 0.63
LBNH 256.1 42 EPC1 1804 59.03 39.08 37.15 1.87 0.00
142 3.0 54
S 2 1805 28.08 68.13 66.13 1.90 0.00
HYPOINVERSE 2000 (10/2006 VERSION) RUN ON Tue Mar 10 14:29:50 2009
CRUST MODEL 1: 1. SOUTH & COASTAL NEW ENGLAND
RUN LABEL=
DATE ORIGIN LAT N LONG W DEPTH MN MC ML GAP RMS ERH ERZ Q
200902240024 7.00 42-37.17 71- 8.79 6.79 1.0 1.8 319 0.05 1.1 1.1
MA, 4.4KM SSW OF ANDOVER
NSTA NPHS DMIN N.XMG N.FMG
6 10 29.80 2 4
STN DIST AZM RMK HRMN SEC TOBS TCAL RES WT AMX PRX XMAG FMP FMAG ANG
WES 29.8 209 EPC1 24 12.03 5.03 5.08 -0.06 1.18 0.3 .06 0.8 42 1.6 101
S 1 24 16.11 9.11 9.04 0.05 1.18
HRV 36.1 250 S 2 24 17.91 10.91 10.88 -0.02 0.78
99
FFD 103.1 337 EPC2 24 22.27 15.27 16.93 -1.68 0.00
30 1.6 66
S 4 24 35.15 28.15 30.14 -2.02 0.00
QUA2 106.2 250 IPC0 24 24.45 17.45 17.39 0.03 1.44 0.1 .10 1.2 30 1.6 66
S 2 24 37.92 30.92 30.95 -0.09 0.72
UCCT 127.8 225 S 2 24 43.82 36.82 36.81 -0.04 0.69
66
LBNH 190.8 341 EPC2 24 35.63 28.63 29.38 -0.81 0.00
58 2.2 48
S 3 24 58.31 51.31 52.30 -1.09 0.00
HYPOINVERSE 2000 (10/2006 VERSION) RUN ON Tue Mar 10 14:32:11 2009
CRUST MODEL 1: 11. SOUTHEAST MAINE CRUSTAL MO
RUN LABEL=
DATE ORIGIN LAT N LONG W DEPTH MN MC ML GAP RMS ERH ERZ Q
200903080816 5.30 46-37.27 66-14.11 11.60 3.6 3.4 117 0.20 1.3 2.4
NB, 86.2KM NNE OF FREDERICTON
NSTA NPHS DMIN N.XMG N.FMG
16 30 74.10 7 15
STN DIST AZM RMK HRMN SEC TOBS TCAL RES WT AMX PRX XMAG FMP FMAG ANG
BATG 74.1 10 EPC1 816 17.55 12.25 12.07 0.12 1.74
179 3.0 96
S 3 816 25.87 20.57 21.48 -1.02 0.57
PQI 136.2 273 EPC0 816 27.30 22.00 21.91 0.06 2.08 9.3 .20 3.5 146 2.9 93
S 2 816 39.78 34.48 39.00 -4.57 0.00
LMN 139.5 127 EPC1 816 27.75 22.45 22.32 0.07 1.55
217 3.2 51
S 3 816 38.91 33.61 39.73 -6.23 0.00
GGN 173.3 196 EPC0 816 31.72 26.42 26.49 -0.08 1.88
222 3.3 51
S 3 816 46.72 41.42 47.15 -5.75 0.00
EMMW 232.8 205 EPC2 816 38.95 33.65 33.84 -0.20 0.75 6.6 .15 3.7 223 3.3 51
S 3 816 54.76 49.46 60.24 10.79 0.00
A11 309.7 285 IPC1 816 48.94 43.64 43.33 0.30 0.73
222 3.3 51
LMQ 327.4 290 EPC1 816 50.45 45.15 45.52 -0.44 0.64
237 3.4 51
S 3 817 10.16 64.86 81.03 16.29 0.00
MOQ 489.0 255 EPC2 817 10.50 65.20 65.47 -0.41 0.04
262 3.6 51
S 4 817 58.85 113.55 116.54 -3.24 0.00
LBNH 518.3 242 S 3 818 7.31 122.01 122.98 -1.08 0.00
51
FFD 552.4 233 EPC2 817 19.03 73.73 73.29 0.42 0.00 3.5 .15 4.4 262 3.6 51
S 4 818 3.28 117.98 130.46 12.51 0.00
HNH 576.0 238 EPC3 817 21.85 76.55 76.21 0.31 0.00 0.4 .20 3.5 258 3.6 51
S 4 818 15.52 130.22 135.65 -5.49 0.00
WES 620.9 223 EPC1 817 26.07 80.77 81.75 -0.99 0.00 0.3 .20 3.4 254 3.6 51
S 2 818 26.95 141.65 145.51 -3.88 0.00
BRYW 672.9 221 EPC2 817 32.36 87.06 88.17 -1.17 0.00 0.3 .20 3.5 248 3.6 51
S 3 818 40.10 154.80 156.94 -2.25 0.00
QUA2 685.8 228 EPC3 817 34.74 89.44 89.77 -0.36 0.00 0.3 .25 3.5 252 3.6 51
S 4 818 41.00 155.70 159.79 -4.14 0.00
LONY 688.8 255 EPC1 817 33.73 88.43 90.14 -1.78 0.00
248 3.6 51
S 3 818 42.80 157.50 160.45 -3.07 0.00
UCCT 719.3 224 EPC3 817 38.57 93.27 93.90 -0.66 0.00
245 3.6 51
S 3 818 50.30 165.00 167.14 -2.20 0.00
HYPOINVERSE 2000 (10/2006 VERSION) RUN ON Tue Mar 10 14:33:32 2009
CRUST MODEL 1: 12. NORTHWEST MAINE CRUSTAL ST
RUN LABEL=
DATE ORIGIN LAT N LONG W DEPTH MN MC ML GAP RMS ERH ERZ Q
200903081330 11.02 46-38.95 66-12.62 24.52 3.2 3.2 119 0.24 1.5 2.9
NB, 90.0KM NNE OF FREDERICTON
NSTA NPHS DMIN N.XMG N.FMG
15 27 70.70 4 9
STN DIST AZM RMK HRMN SEC TOBS TCAL RES WT AMX PRX XMAG FMP FMAG ANG
BATG 70.7 9 EPC0 1330 22.94 11.92 11.86 0.00 1.99
195 3.0 99
S 2 1330 25.57 14.55 21.11 -6.67 0.00
PQI 138.0 272 IPC0 1330 32.72 21.70 21.60 0.07 1.77 3.6 .19 3.1 133 2.8 55
S 2 1330 49.40 38.38 38.45 -0.12 0.89
LMN 139.9 128 EPC0 1330 33.08 22.06 21.83 0.17 1.76
171 3.0 55
S 2 1330 49.58 38.56 38.86 -0.40 0.88
GGN 176.8 196 EPC1 1330 37.23 26.21 26.38 -0.18 1.19
194 3.1 55
S 2 1330 58.66 47.64 46.96 0.67 0.80
EMMW 236.4 205 EPC1 1330 44.24 33.22 33.75 -0.54 0.95 3.6 .16 3.4 189 3.2 55
S 2 1331 14.30 63.28 60.08 3.19 0.00
A11 310.8 284 S 4 1331 28.74 77.72 76.40 1.30 0.00
55
LMQ 328.2 290 EPC1 1330 56.13 45.11 45.08 -0.04 0.55
300 3.6 55
S 4 1331 30.93 79.91 80.24 -0.46 0.00
QCQ 387.8 274 EPC2 1331 3.77 52.75 52.43 0.30 0.21
55
S 4 1331 45.72 94.70 93.33 1.34 0.00
LBNH 521.5 242 EPC2 1331 20.20 69.18 68.94 0.18 0.01
233 3.5 55
S 4 1332 27.23 136.21 122.71 13.39 0.00
FFD 555.8 233 EPC3 1331 25.19 74.17 73.17 0.98 0.00
55
S 4 1332 40.80 149.78 130.24 19.50 0.00
HNH 579.2 238 EPC4 1331 27.75 76.73 76.07 0.63 0.00 0.3 .21 3.3 197 3.4 55
S 4 1332 49.40 158.38 135.40 22.92 0.00
MDV 621.3 245 S 4 1333 3.77 172.75 144.64 28.07 0.00
55
WES 624.4 223 EPC3 1331 31.15 80.13 81.65 -1.53 0.00 0.2 .38 3.1 191 3.4 55
S 4 1332 34.21 143.19 145.34 -2.16 0.00
QUA2 689.3 228 S 4 1332 47.46 156.44 159.59 -3.21 0.00
LONY 691.5 254 EPC2 1331 40.42 89.40 89.93 -0.60 0.00
S 4 1332 47.50 156.48 160.08 -3.72 0.00
55
55
HYPOINVERSE 2000 (10/2006 VERSION) RUN ON Tue Mar 10 14:35:07 2009
CRUST MODEL 1: 11. SOUTHEAST MAINE CRUSTAL MO
RUN LABEL=
DATE ORIGIN LAT N LONG W DEPTH MN MC ML GAP RMS ERH ERZ Q
200903090635 19.60 44-11.10 70-19.86 0.02 1.7 2.3 283 0.36 2.4 3.5
ME, 7.6KM N OF MECHANIC FALLS
NSTA NPHS DMIN N.XMG N.FMG
5 9 127.60 1 3
STN DIST AZM RMK HRMN SEC TOBS TCAL RES WT AMX PRX XMAG FMP FMAG ANG
LBNH 127.6 274 IPC0 635 40.08 20.48 20.76 -0.34 1.73
125 2.7 64
S 2 635 56.45 36.85 36.95 -0.21 0.87
FFD 132.8 234 EPC1 635 40.76 21.16 21.58 -0.44 1.28
55 2.1 64
S 2 635 58.04 38.44 38.41 -0.01 0.86
HNH 165.8 252 EPC1 635 46.72 27.12 26.79 0.30 1.18 0.1 .20 1.7 42 2.0 44
S 2 636 6.83 47.23 47.69 -0.51 0.79
MOQ 197.2 311 EPC2 635 51.22 31.62 30.67 0.81 0.29
44
S 4 636 12.99 53.39 54.59 -1.45 0.00
LONY 342.3 280 S 4 636 14.66 55.06 86.47 31.54 0.00
44
HYPOINVERSE 2000 (10/2006 VERSION) RUN ON Tue Mar 17 11:58:26 2009
CRUST MODEL 1: 12. NORTHWEST MAINE CRUSTAL ST
RUN LABEL=
DATE ORIGIN LAT N LONG W DEPTH MN MC ML GAP RMS ERH ERZ Q
200903102132 29.93 45-32.24 66-22.01 0.47 2.6 145 0.19 1.1 2.4
CANADA, NB, 37.6KM SSE OF FREDERICTON
NSTA NPHS DMIN N.XMG N.FMG
5 8 58.80 0 3
STN DIST AZM RMK HRMN SEC TOBS TCAL RES WT AMX PRX XMAG FMP FMAG ANG
GGN 58.8 218 EPC1 2132 39.76 9.83 9.88 -0.06 1.60
107 2.5 71
EMMW 125.8 224 EPC2 2132 51.44 21.51 20.53 0.97 0.06
64
S 2 2133 6.52 36.59 36.54 0.03 0.96
LMN 126.5 73 EPC1 2132 50.85 20.92 20.65 0.21 1.44
90 2.5 64
S 2 2133 6.50 36.57 36.76 -0.29 0.96
PQI 179.1 316 EPC2 2133 1.85 31.92 28.99 2.90 0.00
64
BATG 194.8 6 EPC1 2133 0.77 30.84 31.02 -0.24 1.19
156 3.0 44
S 2 2133 25.50 55.57 55.22 0.25 0.79
HYPOINVERSE 2000 (10/2006 VERSION) RUN ON Tue Mar 24 15:00:46 2009
CRUST MODEL 1: 6. NORTHERN NY AND ADIRONDACKS
RUN LABEL=
DATE ORIGIN LAT N LONG W DEPTH MN MC ML GAP RMS ERH ERZ Q
200903220921 1.47 42-39.01 74- 8.69 8.49 2.3 2.7 144 0.27 0.7 1.2
NY, 31.5KM W OF ALBANY
NSTA NPHS DMIN N.XMG N.FMG
12 24 40.30 5 12
STN DIST AZM RMK HRMN SEC TOBS TCAL RES WT AMX PRX XMAG FMP FMAG ANG
TRY 40.3 77 EPC0 921 7.98 6.51 6.40 0.06 2.03 1.7 .30 2.3 89 2.3 98
S 2 921 12.84 11.37 11.39 -0.11 1.02
NCB 147.1 358 EPC0 921 24.14 22.67 22.56 0.01 1.72
164 3.0 91
S 2 921 41.72 40.25 40.16 -0.08 0.86
QUA2 153.1 105 EPC0 921 25.23 23.76 23.47 0.26 1.69 1.0 .15 2.5 106 2.6 91
S 2 921 42.41 40.94 41.78 -0.89 0.49
BINY 159.7 253 EPC0 921 26.04 24.57 24.47 0.02 1.66
143 2.9 91
S 2 921 44.82 43.35 43.56 -0.35 0.83
MDV 169.0 27 EPC0 921 27.35 25.88 25.88 -0.02 1.62
119 2.7 91
S 2 921 47.16 45.69 46.07 -0.41 0.81
HNH 191.2 51 EPC1 921 30.99 29.52 29.09 0.40 1.13 0.2 .15 2.0 76 2.4 54
S 2 921 52.65 51.18 51.78 -0.65 0.75
HRV 213.0 93 EPC1 921 32.32 30.85 31.77 -0.95 0.45
117 2.8 54
S 2 921 55.38 53.91 56.55 -2.69 0.00
LONY 221.7 351 EPC0 921 34.50 33.03 32.84 0.12 1.34
170 3.1 54
S 2 922 0.41 58.94 58.46 0.36 0.67
FFD 222.5 64 EPC2 921 35.48 34.01 32.94 1.05 0.14
117 2.8 54
S 2 922 0.66 59.19 58.63 0.52 0.67
BRYW 230.0 109 EPC2 921 34.38 32.91 33.87 -1.02 0.17 0.3 .10 2.3 72 2.4 54
S 2 921 59.00 57.53 60.29 -2.87 0.00
WES 233.9 96 EPC1 921 35.23 33.76 34.35 -0.60 0.95 0.3 .12 2.3 125 2.8 54
S 2 921 59.48 58.01 61.14 -3.15 0.00
LBNH 251.9 44 EPC1 921 39.85 38.38 36.58 1.74 0.00
139 2.9 54
S 3 922 8.70 67.23 65.11 2.01 0.00
TABLE 5
MICROEARTHQUAKES AND OTHER NON-LOCATABLE EVENTS
Date
yr/mo/day
Arrival Time
(UTC)
Station
Possible
Location
NESN Station Map
Figure 1: Map of stations of the New England Seismic Network (NESN) in operation during the
period of this report. Also included are other Northeast U.S. and Canadian seismic stations in
operation during this period.
NESN Strong-Motion Station Map
Figure 2: Map of strong-motion stations of the New England Seismic Network (NESN).
NESN Quarterly Seismicity Map
Figure 3: Earthquake epicenters located by the NESN during the period of this report.
NESN Cumulative Seismicity Map
Figure 4: Seismicity for period October, 1975 - March, 2009.
Acknowledgments
Our map database has been developed in-house using ArcView and in part basemap data
provided by ESRI, Inc., USGS GTOPO30 Elevation Data, and TIGER/Line '94, '95, and '97 (US
Census Bureau) spatial data.
References
Chaplin, M.P., Taylor, S.R., and Toksöz, M.N. (1980), A coda length magnitude scale for New
England, Earthquake Notes, 51, 15-22.
Ebel, J.E. (1982), ML measurements for northeastern UnitedStates earthquakes, Bull. Seism.
Soc. Am., 72, 1367-1378.
Rosario, M. (1979), A coda duration magnitude scale for the New EnglandSeismic Network,
Master's Thesis, Boston College, 82 pp.