Course Description Power flow computation and power flow control. Tie-line control.
Economic and environmental dispatch. Unit commitment. Electrical load and price forecasting. Automatic generation control: voltage regulation and load-frequency control. Cross-coupling between VR and LFC. Pool operation. Optimal control design. Optimal control of pool operation. The smart grid: smart meters, real-time pricing, and smart appliances. Energy storage system technologies and their role in the smart grid. Demand response: modeling of end-use loads or change in customer behavior to demand response signals.
Prerequisite
Schedule
Textbook
References
EEC 573 or equivalent
Fall 2014, MW 4:00-5:50 PM, FH 102
Hard copy of Instructor’s PPTX slides
P.S.R. Murty,
Operation and Control in Power Systems
, CRC Press,
Second Edition, 2011, ISBN 978-0415665650
J. D. Glover, M. S. Sarma, and T. Overbye,
Power System Analysis and Design
, Thompson Learning, Fifth Edition, 2012, ISBN 978-
1111425777
J. Wood, B. F. Wollenberg, and G. B. Sheblé,
Power Generation,
Operation, and Control
, John Wiley and Sons, Third Edition, 2014,
ISBN 978-0-471-79055-6
K.R. Padiyar,
Understanding the Structure of Electricity Supply
, B.
S. Publications, Hyderabad, India, ISBN: 978-93-83635-05-4, 2014
K.R. Padiyar,
Power System Dynamics: Stability & Control
, B. S.
Publications, Hyderabad, India, ISBN 978-1420078091 , 2002
P. M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad,
Power Systems Control and
Stability
, Iowa University Press, 1986, ISBN 0-8138-1245-3
R. Weron, Modeling and Forecasting Electricity Loads and Prices:
A Statistical Approach
, Wiley, 2006, ISBN 978-0470057537
D. W. Bunn,
Modeling Prices in Competitive Electricity Markets
,
Wiley, 2004, ISBN 0-470-84860-X
P. Fox-Penner,
Smart Power: Climate Change, the Smart Grid, and the Future of Electric Utilities
, CRC Press, 2014, Second Edition,
ISBN 978-1610915892
A. W. Gellings,
The Smart Grid: Enabling Energy Efficiency and
Demand Response
, Fairmont Press, 2009, ISBN 978-1439815748

Course Objectives
Instructor
To introduce graduate students to the process of operating and controlling power systems in their current practice, and the advent of the smart grid with its required technologies. PowerWorld
Simulator (free downloading and also available with the book by J.
D. Glover, M. S. Sarma, and T. Overbye,
Power System Analysis and
Design
) and MATLAB will be used in assignments to enhance the learning of the concepts.
Dr. Ana Stankovic, Professor
Office: SH 335
Phone: (216) 687-2513
E-mail: a.stankovic@csuohio.edu

Week
1
2
3
4
5
Date Topic
Aug 25 Introduction; DC power flow and control; AC active and reactive power flow; implications of power flow equations; sensitivities of active and reactive power flow; means of AC power flow control; the power flow problem statement
27 Generalization of the AC power flow problem; bus admittance matrix; net injected active and reactive powers; need for bus type definition; solution technique
Sep 1 Labor Day (No Classes)
3 Power flow computational procedure: the algorithm; further computational considerations; approaches to using the Newton-Raphson method; reducing computer execution time and memory; constraints to power flow solution.
8
10
15
17
Other forms of power flow control; limits on the form of control; models for loads that vary with voltage magnitude and frequency; definition of tie-line operation: schedule exchanges and on-the-spot contracts; form of control at the tie-line exporting and importing buses; changes to the power flow problem in each of the areas connected by the tie-line
Infinite number of possible power flow specifications; minimum cost as best production objective: economic dispatch (steady-state optimal operation); definition of the problem optimization: objective function, equality constraint, and inequality constraints; Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions; spinning reserve as security margin; rate and capacity limited units; minimum system spinning reserve
Effect of transmission losses on the cost of generation; incremental transmission loss; example; calculation of penalty factors and the need to use per unit (or normalized) values; example
Example revisited; iterative solution; general methodology; solution outline; application of procedure; optimization with voltages considered variable; pre-checking equality constraints; pre-checking inequality constraints; pre-checking security constraints
22
24
Emission of pollutants; emissions allowance trading; optimal emissions dispatch; solving the emissions optimization problem; pre-checking constraints; environmentally constrained economic dispatch; how to dispatch nuclear and hydro units; use of pumped-hydro units
First Midterm Exam

8
6
7
9
29
Oct 1 The need for load forecasting; different types of load forecasting; shortterm load-forecasting methods: statistical, heuristic, and hybrid; conditions affecting accuracy of methods; linear regression-based approach to short-term load forecasting
6
Perspective; concept of power demand; possible sets of on-line units; additional constraints; transitional (and additional) costs; dynamic programming; optimization objective function and constraints; computations and decisions; tracing back the optimal trajectory
8
Normal mode of operation; equality and inequality constraints, security margin; alert, emergency, extremis, and restorative modes; control measures; automatic generation control: active power and frequency control, and reactive power and voltage magnitude control
Automatic voltage regulation; development of small signal (linear) models: exciter model, generator model; steady-state and transient responses; static accuracy; series and feedback compensation; effect of saturation; load-frequency control; primary LFC loop: speed governor; modeling of speed governor
13
15
20
22
Columbus Day (No Classes)
Mathematical modeling of turbines: non-reheat turbine, reheat (twostage) turbine; hydro-turbine; open-loop model; static performance of speed governor; regulation of generating units working in parallel; old load frequency dependence; closing the primary-loop to feedback the frequency change
Concept of control area; static response of primary LFC loop dynamic response of primary LFC loop; physical interpretation of results; time error and the secondary LFC loop; concept of area control error; summary of LFC functions: primary and secondary LFC loops; multiple-generator control area
Tertiary control loop; interconnection of control areas via tie lines; modeling of tie line for two-area power pool; open loop model of twoarea pool; static response of two-area pool; tie-line error as “inadvertent exchange”; dynamic response of two-area pool; tie-line control; extension to multi-area systems

15
16
13
14
10
11
12
27
29
Formulation for an optimal design; state-space model for single area primary LFC; extension to two areas; objective function for primary LFC; algebraic Riccati equation; optimal control law and optimal state trajectory; simple example; state-space model for two-area pool; need to consider natural modes of oscillation; swing equation of generator connected to infinite bus; example
Natural modes of oscillation; example; synchronous generator design; effect of damper winding; change to generator swing equation; modifications to VR loop; emergency controls
Nov 3 Second Midterm Exam
5 The smart grid; the traditional grid, the dumb meter and its consequences; the cost of making and delivering power; the smart meter, real-time pricing, and the smart appliances; smartness in the traditional grid; the role of energy storage; standards and cyber security
10 Energy storage systems: pumped-hydro compressed-air, flywheels; batteries: advanced lead-acid, sodium-sulfur, flow technology, nickelcadmium, lithium-ion; supercapacitors, superconducting magnets
12
17
FERC’s definitions of “Demand Response”: emergency demand response, economic demand response and ancillary services demand response; modeling of end-use loads to demand response signals; shifting end-use load in response to various external control signals like price, frequency, voltage, or a combination of signals; change in customer behavior through a combination of controls and consumer interaction
Oral presentations of term papers started
Oral presentations of term papers continue 19
24 Oral presentations of term papers continue
26 Oral presentations of term papers continue
Dec 1 Oral presentations of term papers continue
3
8
Oral presentations of term papers continue
Final Exam

IMPORTANT:
Grading Policy
Grading Scale
Final Exams are scheduled by the University: they cannot be changed .
So do not make airline or other non-returnable reservations.
There will be no make-up exams unless a medical, employer, mortician, or bail bondsman excuse is presented, in official letterhead, which will be verified.
Specific guidelines for term paper writing and for oral presentation using PowerPoint will be provided separately.
Research Projects
2 Midterms
Final Exam
Term Papers
93-100 % A
25%
20% each
15%
20%
90-92 % A-
87-89 % B+
83-86 % B
80-82 % B-
75-79 % C
< 75 % F
Below Graduate College Standards !!