1960
Augade Ric
,OREGON 7 STATE SAME COMMISSION
GAME DIVISION
1960
ANNUAL REPORT
GAME DIVISION
OREGON STATE GAME COMMISSION
P. W. Schneider
Director
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION
BIG GAME
Black-tailed Deer
Mule Deer
Roosevelt Elk
Rocky Mountain Elk
Antelope
Big Horn Sheep
Mountain Goats
Range Conditions
Big Game Damage
Hunting Seasons
1
6
18
22
25
29
29
30
314.
44
SMALL GAME
Ring-necked Pheasants
Valley Quail
Mountain Quail
Bobwhite Quail
Hungarian Partridge
European Gray Partridge
Chukar Partridge
Bamboo Partridge
Forest Grouse
Sage Grouse
Wild Turkeys
Mourning Doves
Band-tailed Pigeons
Silver Gray Squirrels
Rabbits
Hunting Seasons
Shooting Preserves
Propagation and Liberation
WATERFOWL
Administration
Winter Inventory
Harvest
Juvenile Season
Other Mortality
Damage
Production
Fall Migrations
Banding
Brant
60
61
61
61
62
62
62
63
63
64
64
65
65
65
66
67
69
69
t
97
97
99
101
101
101
101
105
118
126
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
FORBEARERS
Beaver
1959-60 Harvest
Other Furbearers
Page
127
128
130
GAME RESEARCH
Mule Deer
Black-tailed Deer
133
135
HABITAT IMPROVEffENT
139
PREDATOR CONTROL
142
LAND MANAGEMENT PROJECTS
Summary
Sauvie Island
Government Island
Summer Lake
Klamath
Rogue Valley
Camas Swale
Ladd Marsh
Snake River Islands
E. E. Wilson Area
Hermiston Game Farm
North Fork John Day
White River
Wenaha
147
149
150
150
152
153
154
154
155
156
157
159
160
161
SUMMARY
164
DIRECTORY OF PERSONNEL
166
OREGON STATE GAME COMMISSION
ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS
REGIONAL OFFICE *
INTRODUCTION
The objective of Oregon's game management program is to produce and maintain the maximum compatible number of game birds and animals on all suitable
habitat and assure maximum recreational benefits to the people of the state.
Attainment of this objective requires an intimate knowledge of the status of
the wildlife resources and the factors that influence wildlife production.
This report summarizes the activities and findings of department personnel
assigned to game work during the period from May 1, 1959, through April 30,
1960, and compares data of that period with that of previous years. The report
is statistical in nature and is intended as a convenient reference for members
of the Game Commission and its staff.
Oregon's game management program is designed and coordinated by four staff
specialists assigned by classes of game or activity. These divisions of
program are big game, upland game, waterfowl and fur, and habitat improvement.
The programs are executed by 19 district game agents and 12 project leaders
acting under the guidance of five regional supervisors. There have been few
changes in either design of program or personnel during the year.
Game law enforcement and predator control programs are efficiently
executed by the Oregon State Police Department and U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service respectively.
A Division of Research executes basic fish and game research programs.
The successful execution of authorized game programs can be attributed to
the conscientious endeavors of department personnel, cooperating organizations,
and individuals.
Collective discussion of mutual problems with resource management agencies,
Oregon State Police Department, organizations of sportsmen and landowners, and
many others has provided an opportunity for exchange of information and
established a mutual understanding of objectives.
Annual inventories of wildlife populations and associated factors have
been,conducted with continuity since 1945. These accumulative measures form
a basis for evaluation of applied management and development programs. They
have resulted in new concepts of management that have provided substantial
benefits for the resources and the public.
The available data are presented in statistical form with a minimum of
narrative explanation. It is assumed that readers of this report have a
knowledge of the distribution and habits of major game species and the techniques used in securing information pertinent to management of game.
vi.
Inventories indicate that Oregon's big game resources are in a healthy
and productive condition and that the exceptional harvest of 146,000 deer and
9,000 elk in 1959 did not have an adverse effect upon the resources.
Production of mule deer and antelope was below normal in 1959, and a cold
spring combined with poor moisture supplies resulted in a substantial decline
of forage production during the 1959 growing season.
Moderate temperatures and light snowfall during the 1959-60 winter
permitted a high survival of big game in spite of the limited forage available.
Bitterbrush utilization measurements on mule deer winter ranges indicated
exceptionally heavy use of the limited supply of that preferred species and
emphasized the need for a greater harvest of mule deer on some ranges.
The regulation of big game resources by geographical units has been well
accepted by the public. It has substantially improved the distribution of
hunting pressure and kill and created additional recreational opportunities
for the people of Oregon.
BLACK-TAILED DEER
For the first time, the main census effort on black-tailed deer has been
on winter concentrations. Previously, sampling has been conducted on summer
ranges and consequently was not as up to date or comparable to adjoining
eastern Oregon ranges. Unfortunately, this change in inventory periods
temporarily makes comparison with past years difficult, except for central
Oregon blacktail herds which have been sampled on winter concentrations for
some time.
Table 1 shows the averages for the past 10 years as compared to the new
winter figures for early 1960.
Summer spotlight checks indicate a general population increase for
northwestern Oregon blacktails as shown below.
SUMMER BLACK-TAILED DEER SPOTLIGHTING TRENDS
Number of
County
_ -
Lane
Columbia
Benton
Lincoln
Linn
Polk
Clackamas
Marion
Washington
Yamhill
NORTHWEST TOTALS
Samples
Sample
Deer
Miles
Seen
Deer Seen Per Mile
1958
_
1,104
3.8
34
0.1
3
1
1
1
1
293
37
1)45
77
135
105
20
20
11
40
9
88
13
3
5
17
4
_
2
2.0
1.8
1.1
2.7
1.3
2.2
5.0
0.8
3.4
1.5
1.1
0.3
1.5
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.6
218
2.11
1.1
294
135
144
279
27
44
55
The winter sampling disclosed an average of 6.0 deer per mile for 957 miles
of census routes. Central region herd data, which can be compared, shows a
relatively static population over a 6-year period.
Herd composition is shown in Table 2. Of the 3,333 animals classified
last winter, 17 per cent were bucks, 48 per cent were does, and 35 per cent
were fawns. The average of 34 bucks per 100 does is down slightly from the
previous year's total of 39 per 100 does, but fawn survival is up from 66 per
100 does in 1959 to 73 fawns per 100 does in 1960.
Winter mortality was light in most of western Oregon with the exception of
lowland losses in Douglas county. On lowland sheep pastures, a total of 121
deer, or 1.8 carcasses per mile, was found for 74 miles of search. The causative
agent of mortality appeared to be a small internal parasite which affects both
sheep and deer. As usual, most of the dead deer found were young animals.
Losses by county are shown in Table 3.
Blacktail damage complaints totaled 681, as compared to 716 for the
previous year. Again this past year, Douglas and Lane counties led in the
number of complaints. The use of blood and bone meal as a deer repellent in
orchards has been effective, and the high demand for this product from landowners continues as more orchardists become aware of its effectiveness.
During the 1959 season, 56,562 black-tailed deer were harvested. Of this
number, 64 per cent, or 36,562, were bucks. The antlerless harvest of 20,000
deer was nearly 5,000 more than taken in 1958. The use of unit permits for the
second year, has greatly aided in hunter distri bution, placing greater pressure
on units with agricultural or tree farm damage problems. Hunter success in
western Oregon was again 46 per cent--the same as for 1958. Hunter success for
three blacktail controlled hunts was 51 per cent, with 1,600 hunters bagging
817 deer. Archers reported the harvest of 28 blacktails on four archery areas.
The total black-tailed deer kill for 1959 was 57,407.
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MULE DEER:
Mule deer winter sampling shows a total of 34,295 deer seen on 2,723 miles
of census route. The average of 12.6 deer per census mile indicates little
change in populations over the past seven years. Population trends by region
are shown in Table 4.
All regions showed a slight increase over the 1958 index. The greatest
difference by herd range is shown on the Alvord range, where the census showed
70 deer per mile this past winter as compared to 48 per census mile in 1958.
Herd composition is shown in
classified on 54 herd ranges. Of
51 per cent were does, and 36 per
does is apparent, 25 per 100 does
the same buck ratio as in 1958.
Table 5. A total of 14,083 deer was
the total classified, 13 per cent were bucks,
cent were fawns. A drop in bucks per 100
for 1960 as compared to 28 in 1959. This is
Fawn survival dropped from 78 per 100 does in 1959 to 71 fawns per 100
does in 1960. This drop was general on most herd ranges and may be attributed
to low forage production and/or a high predation loss.
Antler classes by per cent are shown in Table 6. Little change has
occurred over the previous year t s percentages. Spikes and forked horns make up
48 per cent of the total, indicating good production in 1958.
Winter losses reflect the mild winter with only 52 deer tallied for 1,967
miles of search, as compared to 72 seen for 1,545 miles in 1959. Losses have
been generally low since 1952. The greatest mortality occurred on the Swan Lake
range in Klamath county, where approximately one dead deer per mile of search
was noted. As shown in Table 7, young males accounted for the larger portion
of all mortalities.
Deer wintered well generally, but forage conditions varied from fair to
poor by range. Bitterbrush production was down and use was exceptionally heavy
in all regions. Warm weather in March started grass production on many ranges,
thus relieving some browse use. The 1960 water supplies and soil moisture
are below normal but better than in 1959 on most ranges.
Mule deer damage complaints were approximately the same as for 1959, with
89 complaints received in 7 eastern Oregon counties, as compared to 83 for the
previous year. Of this total, only 37 involved haystacks, as compared to 52
in 1959.
The 1959 general deer season resulted in the harvest of 87,369 mule deer,
which represented 61 per cent of the total deer harvest. This is a 24 per cent
increase in the mule deer kill over the 1958 season. The issuance of antlerless
permits by unit protected more vulnerable central Oregon ranges and put heavier
pressure on less accessible ranges. Five controlled hunts resulted in the kill
of 1,075 deer by 2,391 hunters for a success of 45 per cent. Archers reported
a kill of 152 mule deer.
The total mule deer harvest for the 1959 season amounted to 88,596
animals.
6
Interstate Deer Herd:
The Interstate Deer Herd summers in Oregon and winters in northern
California. In 1945, the Interstate Deer Herd Committee was formed to
coordinate a study and management program. This committee consists of
California and Oregon game department representatives and Regions 5 and 6 of
the Forest Service.
As the animals leave the Devils Garden area of the Modoc National Forest
in northern California to return to the Fremont National Forest summer range
in Oregon, they cross the state line in a relatively narrow area. This movement takes place over a short period of time. Tracks are tallied as the deer
move across the state line road, and the counted tracks are erased by means
of a drag to prevent duplication. Southbound tracks are subtracted from the
northbound tally to obtain an accurate total. These counts represent a
minimum, as storms and other disturbances affect the track tally. The count
does not include many resident deer that use the winter range in California
or the many Oregon deer that use the Fremont National Forest summer range
and also winter in Oregon. Consequently, the track count provides only a
minimum measure of the deer that migrate from California into Oregon in the
spring. The summary for a 14-year period is shown below.
Track Count
Year
Number of Tracks
Nigratini North
10,826
9,665
14,011
1947
1948
1949
1950
13,256
1952
1953
1954
17,615
1951
17,570
10,547
11,601
1955
1956
17,170
12,244
1957
1958
1959
1960
11,695
12,819
14,642
235
14,
.......=_...
AVERAGE
13,421
The past counting period began April 5 and extended through May 9, 1960.
Deer movements were fairly steady and weather conditions not too severe.
Some eleven days, however, were lost to bad weather during the counting period.
On some peak days, as high as 1,802 animals were counted. The total of 14,235
animals is very close to the 14,642 tallied in 1959 And is well above the
14-year average of 13,421.
Herd composition percentages for the past 16 years are presented below.
Herd Composition
Year
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
Percentages of
Bucks
Does
Fawns
63
55
61
57
59
51
47
51
52
9
8
6
9
8
5
8
10
7
7
9
9
60
46
48
53
49
51
52
57
8
10
7
8
6
28
37
33
34
33
44
45
39
41
33
45
43
39
41
42
40
37
The ratio of bucks to does remains low, and the fawn survival is the
lowest since 1953 and is comparable to 1957's low of 39 per cent. It is felt
that fawns went into the winter in poorer condition than for previous years.
A comparison of fawns per 100 does taken in the fall and again in the spring
showed an average loss of 23 per cent. A comparison taken in 1958-59 showed
no loss. This seems to reflect general range conditions experienced last
summer when drouthy conditions seriously affected forage and browse production.
Bitterbrush production in northern California was very poor this past year,
with the average leader length of 2.4 the lowest recorded for the Devils Garden
area. The average leader length for a 10-year period was 3.8. Conversely, the
39 per cent of total use was 36 per cent average and was the same as for 1957.
Livestock summer use was 8 per cent and deer winter use was 31 per cent of the
total. An 11-year average is shown below.
Production and Utilization of Bitterbrush
Year
1949-50
1950-51
1951-52
1952-53
1953-54
1954 - 55
1955-56
1956-57
1957-58
1958-59
1959-60
AVMAGES
Average Twig
Length
3.2
3.7
5.4
3.8
3.2
3.0
4.5
4.3
4.8
Use
19
10
16
Winter Use
29
30
18
7
16
19
45
14
8
8
30
2.4
12
11
9
8
15
28
18
31
3.8
11
25
8
Total Use
48
40
34
23
33
53
38
27
39
27
32
36
Hunting season data since 1949 is shown below.
Hunting Season Harvest
Year
Oregon
Antlerless
Bucks
1949
3,50o
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
2,440
3,149
1,898
2,798
3,821
3,494
4,659
4,912
3,168
4,738
California
Antlerless
Bucks
491
688
2,343
1,399
1,893
310
*967
*98
128
1,850
361
2,574
3,931
441
*899
2,173
*925
1,730
*1,345
981
*Forked horns or better.
*662
Bucks
3,991
1,319
1,504
2,008
1,885
0
285
0
2,750
4,116
1,996
2,926
4,182
3,935
5,558
4,026
3,830
6,083
Total
Antlerless
2,007
3,847
1,399
1,893
1,85o
4,582
5,816
2,036
1,266
1,730
Grand
Total
3,991
4,757
7,963
3,395
4,819
6,032
8,517
11,374
6,062
5,o96
7,813
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Table 6
MULE DEIR ANTLER CLASS PERCENTAGES
aIMI■■•■■=•■■=•=.........••■•n•
Counties
by
Regions
Per Cent
Spikes
IT O- 1959 195T
Per Cent
Four Points
and Over
Per Cent
Three
Points
Per Cent
Two
Points
17770977777 1767775507 7777577776
Crook
Deschutes
Jefferson
Klamath
10
10
3
19
10
9
15
9
13
15
11
10
37
28
22
42
39
33
49
38
23
21
37
43
18
CENTRAL
11
11
12
27
38
39
4
40
45
43
5
52
31
38
48
31
39
22
31
11
16
16
19
41
47
15
17
40
36
32
8
51
29
17
32
36
40
16
41
32
21
31
45
38
39
23
21
41
6o
35
33
22
24
17
13
26
22
18
17
42
36
3o
•■■•■■■••■•••■••■■••■■■•■••■•••••■■•■
Baker
Grant
Morrow
Umatilla
Union
Wallowa
Wheeler
2
8
12
2
6
4
6
10
15
10
11
13
39
32
38
40
34
44
35
43
42
20
46
36
24
19
25
16
16
26
26
19
10
46
11
14
29
31
14
20
12
27
7
o
7
4
41
42
40
38
5
10
7
41
39
39
21
17
22
33
34
32
Harney
Lake
Malheu r
lo
8
12
6
29
4
43
44
25
14
21
15
28
35
25
20
25
28
0
19
2o
6
44
37
42
50
8
14
19
36
38,8
SOUTHEAST
10
14
13
41
41
41
16
18
18
33
27
28
AVERAGRS
12
10
11
36
39
40
18
17
19
34
34
30
NORTHEAST
3
0
7
22
37
35
33
114
0
H.
H
H• 1
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N
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CN
H
N
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H
0
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0
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ROOSEVELT ELK
Except for summer distribution measures, the Roosevelt elk census is now
taken in the winter period at approximately the same time as the black-tailed
deer census. This change makes data obtained this past winter difficult to
correlate with the previously taken summer census.
Population trend data are presented in Table 8. A total of 1,803 elk
was seen on 378 miles of census routes. This index of 4.8 elk per census mile
can hardly be compared to summer samples. However, summer samples taken in
1959 show 7.6 elk per mile, as compared to 6.6 elk per mile for 1958. Clatsop
county populations, in particular, still remain at a high level. Cascade
Mountain herds are difficult to census, but 166 elk were seen for a trend of
5.5 animals per census mile on new winter samples.
Herd composition, as shown in Table 9, indicates a slight decline in bulls
from the 1959 and 1958 composition data. However, the ratio of 16 bulls per
100 cows is the same as for 1957. This is 49 per cent below the 1949 figure.
Of the 1,792 elk classified, 10 per cent were bulls, 66 per cent cows, and 24
per cent calves. In Coos county, spikes amounted to 76 per cent of the bulls
classified as compared to 65 per cent for the past two years. This is in an
area where spike bulls are legal. Clatsop county spikes totaled 72 per cent of
the total bulls classified. On a limited number of bulls classified in Tillamook
county, 58 per cent were spikes. Spikes were protected in both Clatsop and
Tillamook counties.
The calf-cow ratio also shows a slight drop from the 1958 and 1959 ratios.
Roosevelt elk calf survival is 23 per cent below that shown for Rocky Mountain
elk.
Elk damage in Clatsop county dropped to 30 complaints, as compared to 45 in
1958. Tillamook county complaints increased from two last year to eleven for
1959. Damage in Coos county dropped slightly.
In Coos county, elk have been trapped on damage complaint areas for some
is shown below of trapping from 1953 to date.
time. A summary
Date Trapped
8/1/53
3/25/54
Number Captured
4/2/54
4/14/54
5/13/55
5/27/56
5/27/57
6
2
3
4
3
6
2
3/18/58
14
9/19/59
3
3
2
2/3/59
9/30/59
Total
Release Site
Vincent Cr. Burn - Douglas Co.
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The 1959 general season harvest of Roosevelt elk totaled 1,904 animals by
14,814 hunters. Tillamook county was hunted for the first time during the
general season and contributed 264 bulls as compared to 532 bulls for Clatsop
and 685 in Coos counties.
Spikes were legal in the south coast area and made up !8 per cent of the
Coos and 34 per cent of the Douglas county kill. The following chart shows
the influence of the spike regulation on the illegal elk kill. Results taken
from intensive checks on Weyerhaeuser's Millicoma Tree Farm are as follows.
NFILLTCOMA ELK KILL
Year
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
No. Cars
Legal Kill
First Day _ *Bulls
Spikes
159
330
593
486
670
59
64
83
53
77
56
77
83
I11e:a3-1-1_
ows
Total
59
611.
139
130
160
11
19
1
1
3
3
16
13
5
1
14
23
17
14
5
*Three antler points or more.
The illegal kill was transferred from spikes to cows, but this has declined
decidedly during the past season.
In the Clatsop Unit, the 1958 known illegal kill was over 70 elk. The
noon opening, tried for the first time last year in that area, plus intensive
patrol and publicity, cut the illegal kill to 33 known elk for both the Wilson
and the Clatsop Units.
Two controlled elk seasons were open in western Oregon, and a kill of 230
elk was made by 650 hunters.
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A total of 4,761 Rocky Mountain elk was observed on the 979 miles of
census routes. The average of 4.9 elk per mile is slightly above the average
of 4.6 for the previous year. Table 10 shows a comparison for the past 11 years.
Little change is indicated in the past 7-year period.
Aerial census is employed on some ranges where horse travel cannot cover
higher levels. In Wallowa county, aerial census data substantiated that made
by horse travel on all but the Wenaha, where elk in high wintering areas were
more readily seen by air travel and showed an increase rather than the decrease
noted from the ground.
Herd composition is presented in Table 11. Of the 2,301 elk classified,
7 per cent were bulls, 63 per cent cows, and 30 per cent calves. The average
of 12 bulls per 100 cows is below the average of 1959 but is slightly above
the 1958 average of 11 bulls per 100 cows. The calf crop of 47 per 100 cows
is the lowest since the 1952 ratio of 44 calves per 100 cows.
Damage complaints totaled only 9 as compared to the 27 received in 1958.
A total of 5,790 Rocky Mountain elk was taken during the 1959 general
season by 29,403 hunters for a hunter success of 20 per cent. Archers
reported taking 5 elk, and another 1,033 elk were taken on 10 unit and 5
controlled hunts for a total kill of 6,828 Rocky Mountain elk.
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February aerial antelope population trends are presented in Table 12. A
total of 5,712 antelope was counted for 3,725 miles of travel, giving an index
of 1.5 per mile, which is identical to the 1959 density per mile.
The high ratio of bucks (50 per 100 does) as shown in Table 13 is
considerably above the ratio of 39 per 100 does taken in 1958. Fawn survival
is poor, however, with but 45 fawns per 100 does classified, as compared to 77
the previous year. Harney county had the poorest fawn crop with but 18 fawns
per 100 does seen. Last year's drouth conditions, together with a high coyote
population in Harney county, probably are the chief factors affecting the
fawn losses. Of the total antelope classified, 25 per cent were bucks, 52 per
cent were females, and 23 per cent were fawns.
Hunting is restricted on antelope. However, both hunting area and permits
were increased last season to give a kill of 451 bucks by 812 reporting hunters
for a success of 55 per cent.
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BIGHORN SHEEP
In 1954, 20 California bighorns from British Columbia were released in
a fenced enclosure on the west face of Hart Mountain in Lake county.
Some of the original stock escaped from the pen but continued to stay
the immediate area to the north. Observations indicate good reproduction
of sheep both inside and out of the pen. In April of 1959, 23 sheep were
counted in the pen and, later, approximately 40 animals were counted to the
north of the pen.
in
Last year in May, a count showed 23 adults but only 3 lambs inside the
pen. Six of the adults were rams. This would indicate a poor lamb crop
inside the enclosure.
Outside the pen, 30 sheep were found to the north toward the Hart
Mountain road, including 11 lambs. This would indicate good reproduction
outside of the pen.
It is anticipated that some of the stock inside of the enclosure could
be trapped and transplanted to a suitable location on the Steens Mountains in
1960.
MOUNTAIN GOATS
In the spring of 1950, six mountain goats were released in Wallowa county
on the east slope of Chief Joseph Mountain. Of these six animals obtained
from the Chopaka Mountain area of northern Washington, one animal died shortly
after release, leaving 3 adult males, one adult female, and one female yearling.
Periodic reports have been received of the goats since the release. Their
preferred year-around range centers around the Matterhorn, Sacajawea Peak,
and Hurwal Ridge areas. This spring, six mountain goats were seen from the
air. This included 4 adults and 2 kids. The operator of the Joseph Airport
reported sighting 8 goats last winter.
RANGE CONDITIONS
Severe drouth conditions over much of central and eastern Oregon ranges
greatly retarded browse production on big game winter ranges. Mild wintering
conditions and good March grass growth pulled herds away from winter ranges
early, but winter use on many browse ranges has been excessive.
Rodent populations were not excessive generally in most of eastern Oregon
and were scarce in many areas.
Bitterbrush production and use is summarized in Table 14. Records which
cover 154 transects in 29 herd ranges indicate low production and heavy use.
The average use of 59 per cent is 34 per cent higher than the total use of
44 per cent for 1959. Twig growth averaged but 3.3 inches, as compared to
5.9 in 1959. Utilization on some ranges went well past the safe margin of
60 per cent, up to 83 per cent, with many transects averaging over 70 per cent
use.
Table 15 summarizes condition and trend clusters established to measure
long-range changes in plant density and composition. Reading schedules are
shown for the next four years.
Last summer, transects totaling 25 clusters or individual plots were
measured on six herd ranges. Percentages are shown in Table 16, showing changes
in vegetative composition, density, and ground cover. Desirable species are
the best forage producers and soil retainers, followed by intermediate and
least desirable.
In the Wallowa Mountain area, the Waterman transects showed a 17 per cent
decline in desirable species in composition and a 4 per cent decline in
vegetative density, pointing to a general decline in range conditions.
The North Fork of the John Day transects showed a slight improvement in
desirable species but a density loss of 14 per cent in desirables and intermediates. Plots varied as to location. Those on protected Game Commission
winter range lands showed a decided improvement. On unprotected sites, a
decline in range conditions was apparent.
The Whitehorse range in Malheur county showed a decrease in desirable
plants, offset somewhat by an increase in plant density of least desirable
plants. A stable condition is indicated, with excessive cattle use generally.
Both deer and cattle use on browse species was heavy.
In Baker county, the Keating range shows little change in condition since
1953, with a slight plant density decrease and a minor increase in composition.
The important and controversial Northside range in Grant county shows
an improvement over the last 5-year period. All density types increased, and
the composition classes of desirables and undesirables increased with a decrease
in intermediates. The average litter increase of 22 per cent also indicates
some range recovery.
The heavily used South Silver Lake range in Lake county shows a 6 per cent
gain in plant density and an 8 per cent average increase in ground litter.
All factors considered, the data indicates general range improvement.
30
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BIG GAME DAMAGE
A total of 770 deer and 62 elk damage complaints was received during the
past year. This is slightly under the total number received for the previous
year. Table 17 shows complaints by county and region.
As before, the Northwest region had the highest number of both deer and
elk complaints, representing 53 per cent of the total. Black-tailed deer
contributed to 88 per cent of the total complaints, which involved mainly
orchards and gardens. In eastern Oregon, damage was principally to summer
alfalfa and haystacks.
Elk damage was considerably below that of the previous year with 53
Roosevelt elk and 9 Rocky Mountain elk damage complaints. Western Oregon
depredations centered around pasture damage in Clatsop and Tillamook counties
and to grain and forage crops in Wallowa county.
Repellents were issued to 328 complaints. Leckeaby l s Diamond L product
was the main prepared repellent used. Orchard damage has responded well to
blood and bone meal mixed in a 50/50 proportion and hung in small cloth bags
in young trees. Deer are repelled by the odor.
Kill permits were issued on 211 complaints and hazing permits on 46.
Commission personnel hazed on 39 other complaints. Deer killed were taken to
designated cold storage plants, which, in turn, distributed the carcasses to
school lunch programs or welfare organizations.
A total of 73 fences was completed, as shown in Table 18. Since the
beginning of the fencing program in 1949, 461 fences have been completed,
totaling 57,633 rods at a cost of $135,589.
Materials for tree cages were loaned to 44 landowners. Use of blood
and bone meal has slightly cut the use of this type of fencing. To date, tree
cages have been provided to 331 landowners to protect 34,959 young trees.
Only 1,026 haystack panels were issued to 39 landowners, as compared to
1,937 panels for 54 complaints in 1958. A total of 65 stacks was protected.
Both the roll type (snow fence type) and "2" brace panels were distributed.
To date, 33,154 panels have been issued to protect approximately 2,106 haystacks.
Table 20 shows the paneling by county and region.
No emergency seasons were held this last year. Table 21 shows past
emergency seasons through early 1959. Emergency seasons were granted by the
Legislature in 1957. These seasons are for conflicts on agricultural lands
only, and the area is restricted to one township in size. A kill of not more
than 75 animals is authorized. Eligible participants are chosen by drawing,
and the hunts are very closely supervised. Successful hunters are charged
$10.00 for an elk and $5.00 for a deer or an antelope.
An increasingly high number of damage complaints involving federal, state
and private tree farms has been received this past year. It now appears that
there are few areas in western Oregon where black-tailed deer do not conflict
in some manner with other forms of land use. Elk are also involved in tree
damage in coastal areas.
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Table 18
FENCES COMPLETED
Counties
by
Regions
Renton
Clackamas
Clatsop
Columbia
Lane
Money
Expended
Rods
Fenced
Number of
Fences
50
2
3
5
425
7
180
)145
73
2
$
125,00
887.00
506.00
145.00
262.50
423.50
Marion
Polk
4
7
6
1,435
2,519.00
Washington
3
477
667.75
NORTHWEST
48
5,469
8,042.75
6
5
693
373
3
150
1,731.50
943.00
382.50
375.00
SOUTHWEST
16
1,369
3,432.00
Deschutes
1
400
Linn
Tillamook
Yamhill
Coos
Douglas
Jackson
Josephine
218
1
2
1,224
20
2,102.00
50.00
229
356.50
153
2
Wasco
1
4
578
285
740.00
285.00
CENTRAL
6
1,263
1,025.00
Union
3
735
735.00
NORTHEAST
--__---_----
3
735
735.00
73
8,836
$13,234.75
Hood River
TOTALS
38
Table 19
TREE CAGES
Counties
by
Number
Number
Regions
Landowners
Tree Cages
of
Benton
Clackamas
1
Lane
Marion
Polk
Yamhill
6
2
Linn
2
3
of
16
82
42
130
7
952
21
1,222
3
364
38
1
5
SOUTHWEST
7
407
Hood River
10
540
4
390
14
930
Grant
1
125
NORTHEAST
1
125
Lake
1
250
SOUTHEAST
1
250
44
2,934
NORTHWEST
Douglas
Jackson
Josephine
Wasco
CENTRAL
-
3
■■■■•■■•••■••■•■•.....,
TOTALS
39
Table 20
HAYSTACK PANELING
Counties
by
Regions
Number
of
Landowners
Number
of
Panels
Number of
Haystacks
Protected
30
200
4
4
125
2
2
7
CENTRAL
10
355
11
Baker
Grant
Wallowa
Wheeler
5
6
7
7
113
87
210
11
13
7
10
25
577
41
Crook
Jefferson
Klamath
NORTHEAST
2
167
Lake
Malheur
3
58
36
11
1
SOUTHEAST
4
84
13
39
1,026
65
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Et
HUNTING SEASONS
The 1959 season marked the second year of hunting antlerless deer on a
unit basis. The unit system of hunting, which has been in effect for several
years on elk in northeastern Oregon, distributes hunter pressure properly
and provides more and better recreation.
The general deer season extended from October 3 through October 25. Spikes
were legal east of the Cascades, while forked-horn bucks were required in
western Oregon. Unit permits became valid on October 17 in all units except
the Silver Lake Unit, where antlerless hunting was allowed by permit throughout
the general season.
In determining the 1959 big game harvest, 125,000 hunter report cards
were analyzed to determine kill percentages 4y sex for each geographic unit.
Total kill was determined by a questionnaire survey of 20,000 hunters (an
increase of 15,000 questionnaires over the 1958 sample). A return of 17,536
questionnaires, or 87.6 per cent, indicated average hunter success. This was
coordinated with county data from the hunter return card to determine.distribution of hunting pressure and kill.
Results of the general deer season are presented - in Table 22 by region.
Antlerless kill is shown by county in Table 22 and by unit in Table 23. The
1959 general season kill far surpassed all other years' records-143,931 deer
being taken by 248,701 hunters for a general success of 58 per cent.
Mule deer made up 62 per cent of the harvest as compared to 61 per cent in
1958 and 71 per cent in 1957. This illustrates the increase of pressure on
black-tailed deer. Bucks made up 70 per cent of the total for the general
season, which is the same as for 1958, even though the 1959 harvest exceeded
that of 1958 by 28,567 deer.
Of the 115,447 hunters issued antlerless permits, 42,190 or 36 per cent
took antlerless deer as compared to 39 per cent for the 1958 season. The 1959
antlerless kill in western Oregon increased by 26 per cent, or 5,000 animals,
over the previous season's kill. The general increase in the blacktail kill
of 28 per cent and the still apparently high numbers of deer in western Oregon
indicates no apparent reduction in blacktail populations.
A graphic picture of kill by date is shown in Figure I. The opening week
end kill amounted to 26 per cent of the total, while the opening week end of the
permit season made up 20 per cent of the total.
Table 24 shows a summary of general deer seasons since 1948, when return
cards first made kill data available. Hunter success averaged about 29 per cent
during the period when bucks only were available through 1951. Antlerless deer
have been harvested since 1952. From 1953 through 1959, the total kill has
averaged 120,000 deer with a hunter success of 52 per cent.
Deer weights are shown in Table 25. Some variances are shown in averages
by antler class. All deer weights are mach below the 1947 averages. This
difference probably reflects deterioration in general range conditions and an
increase in deer numbers.
1414
During 1958, eight controlled deer seasons were held with a total harvest
of 1,892 deer, as shown in Table 26. The 3,991 participating hunters experienced
a hunter success of 47.4 per cent.
Archers reported a kill of 180 deer, based on hunter return cards only,
as shown in Table 28.
The grand total deer kill for all seasons was 146,003.
Silver Lake and Wendling Seasons:
Antlerless permits were valid through the entire season on the Silver Lake
Unit only with 4,000 permits issued. Only persons holding a valid Silver Lake
permit could hunt in that unit. Intensive field checks and hunter questionnaires
gave the following data.
(1) The straight either-sex season showed that 37 per cent of the
total hunter pressure occurred during the opening week end and
that 41 per cent of the total deer were taken on the first two
days of the season.
(2) The antlerless kill with a straight either-sex season increased
from 31 per cent of the total kill for the 1958 staggered season
to 57 per cent for the 1959 season.
(3) In 1959, 3,899 reporting hunters killed 2,290 deer for 58 per cent
success--57 per cent were antlerless. In 1958, with a staggered
season, 6,793 reporting hunters killed 1,349 deer for a 20 per cent
success and only 31 per cent were antlerless.
(4) In 1958, with a staggered season, 6,793 hunters reported seeing
808 wasted deer, or .119 per hunter. In 1959, with a straight
either-sex season, this waste factor increased. A total of
3,899 hunters saw 533 wasted deer for an index of .136 per hunter.
A similar general either-sex hunt at Wendling in the McKenzie Unit was
held where an allowed 800 hunters per day could hunt either sex from the first
of the season. A total of 3,530 hunters bagged 260 deer, 82 per cent of which
were antlerless. In 1958, with a staggered season, 2,881 hunters shot 183
deer and 75 per cent were antlerless. The wanton waste factor at Wendling was
.023 deer per hunter in 1959.
Analysis of these two experimental straight either-sex seasons shows that
the procedure did increase the number of deer harvested and resulted in a
greater harvest of antlerless deer.
Elk:
Elk seasons for 1959 were generally similar to those held during the
previous year. A major change on the north coast was the use of a noon
opening to help decrease the usual high illegal kill. Again for the second
year, the regulation requiring possession of the scalp and eyes attached to
the antlers while in the field was in effect. Also, the definition of the
minimum length of an antler point as being two inches was in effect.
45
The general season extended from October 31 through November 11 on the
coast and ended November 22 elsewhere. Bulls with three antler points or more
were legal on the north coast and spikes. or better were legal in other areas.
Either sex could be taken in southeastern Oregon.
Results of the general elk season are presented in Table 29. A record
total of 44,217 elk hunters harvested 7,694 elk. Hunter success increased
from 14 per cent in 1958 to 17 per cent for the past season. Bull elk made up
93 per cent of the general season kill.
The western Oregon kill of 1,904 exceeded the 1957 record of 1,655. Coos,
Clatsop, Douglas, and Tillamook were the west-side counties of highest kill.
The noon opening on the north coast included the Clatsop, Wilson, and
Alsea Units. The Wilson Unit had much open Tillamook burn area in it. Elk in
that unit were unwary and vulnerable to promiscuous shooting. In 1958, in the
Clatsop Unit alone, the known illegal kill was over 70 elk. This past season,
with heavy patrol and the noon opening, the illegal known kill for both the
Wilson and Clatsop Units amounted to 33 elk.
In eastern Oregon, Wallowa, Umatilla, and Union counties in that order
had the highest elk harvest. Almost 2,000 elk were taken in Wallowa county.
Elk kill by date is shown in Figure II. Hunter success, as usual, was highest
ok the opening week end with 32 per cent of the total being taken on those two
days.
A summary of general elk seasons since 1933 is shown in Table 30. The
7,694 elk taken last fall is the highest total since the kill of 9,134 in 1949.
Antlerless permits were issued on ten management units. Table 31 shows
that a total of 815 antlerless elk was taken by 2,350 permit holders for a
hunter success of 35 per cent. Controlled hunts to solve damage problems
resulted in a harvest of 458 elk by 1,600 hunters for a success ratio of 28 per
cent. A summary of all controlled elk seasons since 1940 is shown in Table 32.
The total kill made by general, unit, and controlled seasons amounted to
8,975 elk for an over-all average of 20 per cent hunter success. This average
of one out of each five hunters bagging an elk is very good considering the
heavy pressure. Hunter pressure is increasing yearly, and it may be only a
short time before all elk hunting will have to be on a permit basis.
Antelope:
A sizable increase in area and in the number of antelope permits was made
for the 1959 season. The season extended from August 15 through August 19 with
a total of 900 permits available in six areas. In 1958, only 600 permits were
available for three areas. The harvest of 451 antelope by 812 reporting hunters
gave a success ratio of 55 per cent, as shown in Table 33.
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Table 23
ANTLERLESS DEER KILL BY UNIT
LURING GENERAL SEASON
Unit
Alsea
Applegate
Baker
Beulah
Butte Falls
Catherine Cr.
Chesnimnus
Clatsop
Columbia Basin
Coquille
Deschutes
Desolation
Douglas
Evans Cr.
Fort Rock
Green Springs
Grizzly
Heppner
Hood River
Imnaha
Interstate
Keating
Klamath
Lookout Mtn.
Malheur Riv.
Maupin
Maury
McKenzie
Metolius
Murderers Cr.
Permits
Issued
10,000
400
2,000
4,000
500
900
600
1,000
200
700
800
500
1 1 500
600
2,500
500
300
2,500
400
Antlerless
Harvest
3,029
359
945
1,413
165
346
295
620
63
262
422
3,961
186
633
148
1,253
321
173
1,215
105
350
1,730
688
510
35o
1,148
600
I2,000
800
3,000
375
3,257
510
1,097
800
Ill 000
1
1 500
1,000
1,000
200
122
Per Cent
Success
30.3*
89.8*
47.3
35.3
33.0*
38.4
49.2
62.0
31.5
37.4
52.8
37.2
42.2
24.7*
50.1
64.2
57.7
48.6
26.3*
43.8
43.3
45.9
51.0
35.0
29.0
61.0
62.5
27.1*
63.8
36.6
Unit
Nestucca
Northside
Ochoco
Owyhee
Paulina
Polk
Powers
Santiam
Sherman
Silver Lake
Silvies
Sixes
Siuslaw
Sled Springs
Starkey
Steens Mtn.
Tenmile
Trask
Ukiah
Umatilla
Umpqua
Walla Walla
Warner
Wasco
Wenaha
Wheeler
Whitehorse
Willamette
Wilson
TOTALS
Permits
Issued
1,000
3,500
700
506
Antlerless
Harvest
Per Cent
Success
435
43.5
127
25.1
67.2
1,346
367
38.5
52.4
1,500
1,008
4,000
1,645
186
2,768
41.1*
37.2
1,148
911
287
1,582
28.7
30.4
41.0
39.6*
53.3
33.1
500
10,000
400
4,000
3
,
3 ,000
700
4,000
800
426
700
932
232
2,500
800
1,806
236
27.7-
25.3
114
28.5
375
350
46.9
43.8
675
45.0
240
916
36.6
1,500
768
937
62.5
115,447
42,190
36.5
400
Soo
2,500
500
1,500
1,5oo
800
2,500
148
5,000
321
139
519
72.2*
12.8
27.8
34.6*
30.0
311
:4*
*Portions of these units open for unused tags during extended season. Success percentages
include hunters other than permit holders.
5o
Table
24
SUMMARY OF GENERAL DEER SEASONS
Year
Tags
Issued
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
166,618
163,628
173,429
171,252
188,250
204,808
215,047
230,585
233,842
221,960
233,885
248,701
Kill
ale Deer'
Black-tailed Leer
Bucks Antlerless
Bucks Antlerless
23,141
36,865
26,471
37,850
32,366
39,916
54,357
51,933
47,155
54,829
51.715
65,179
16,644
20,395
17,580
19,312
19,657
27,623
27,702
30,203
26,937
25,282
29,566
36,562
20,426
24,652
22,384
35,570
32,309
26,044
18,863
22,190
5,210
13,045
8,043
13,385
13,340
8,360
15,220
20,000
Total
39,785
57,260
44,051
57,162
77,659
105,236
112,486
131,091
119,741
114,515
115,364
143,931
Per Cent of
Hunters
Successful
23.9
35.0
25.4
33.4
41.3
51.4
52.3
56.9
51.2
51.6
49.3
57.9
Table 27
SUMMARY OF CONTROLLED DEER SEASONS
Year
1938
1939
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
Number
Of Seasons
1
2
2
1
4
2
1
5
2
1
4
3
1
1
1
9
15
8
7
8
Deer
Harvested
270
7,673
2,634
1,620
5,413
661
584
1,062
606
750
1,274
6,299
202
39
136
2,743
5,930
1,894
887
1,892
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Table 29
1959 ELK SEASONS
County
Benton
Clatsop
Columbia
Coos
Deschutes
Douglas
Jackson
Klamath
Lane
Lincoln
Marion
Tillamook
Wasco
WESTERN OREGON
SUBTOTALS
Baker
Crook
Grant
Harney
Malheur
Morrow
Umatilla
Union
Wallowa
Wheeler
Number
of
Hunters
Bulls
3,577
4
1,776
.
2,821
333
3,993
366
212
1,589
6,964
5,578
7,232
315
253
1
3
89
43
1
264
4
1
3
89
43
1
264
4.
4
43
666
255
37
2,550
95 ..
.
Total
1
532
26
685
2
1
532
26
685
2
253
12
5,586
209
114 811
Kill
Antlerless
13.4
20.0
16.9
2.7
10.4
4.2
414
14.7
25.2
33
56
15.3
33.5
11.1
17.4
56.3
59.4
54.9
26
885
59
128
1,209
1,071
7.8
22,2
27.8
8.1
la
19.2
26.3
13.0
532
5,790
19.7
51.4
43.7
20
EASTERN OREGON
SUBTOTALS
29,403
5,258
GENERAL SEASON
TOTALS
44,217
7,162
532
7,694
17.4
MANAGEMENT UNIT
TOTALS
(2,350 Permits)
..
815
815
34.7
CONTROLLED HUNT
TOTALS
.....
_
(1,600 Permits)
58
400
458
28.1
7
1
8
7,227
1,748
8,975
ARCHERY
TOTALS
GRAND TOTALS
44,217
_
22.2
1,901
1,071
1,901
21
34.3
25.0
7.0
116
5
1,209
14.2
22.7
36
123
48.5
12.9
21
301
23
23
8.3
9.5
12.4
19.2
50.0
Per Cent
Spike
Bulls
1.904
1,904
298
5
584
Per Cent
of Hunters
Successful
20.3
54.2
62.5
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ce)--11.(\
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TABLE 31
ELK UNIT AND CONTROLLED SEASON KILLS
Season
Dates
No. Permits
Chesnimnus
Desolation
Heppner
Nov. 14 - 22
Nov. 14 - 22
Nov. 14 - 22
250 (1 elk)
200 (1 elk)
250 (1 elk)
Minam
Sled Spr.
Starkey
Ukiah
Umatilla
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Bulls
Kill
Antlerless
Total
Per Cent Permit
Holders Successful
UNIT SEASONS:
Imnaha
Walla Walla
Nov. 14 - 22
14 - 22
14 - 22
14 - 22
14 - 22
14 - 22
Nov. 14 - 22
GENERAL SEASON UNIT HUNT
SUBTOTALS
CONTROLLED SEASONS:
taker
Lee. 5 - 31
Bridge Cr.
Dec. 12 - 31
Clatsop
Elgin
*Mill Cr.
*Matson Cr.
Wenaha
SPECIAL AREA
SUBTOTALS
TOTALS AND
AVERAGES
Nov, 28 - 29
Oct. 3 - 9
Nov. 7 - 11
Dec. 12 - 13
Dec. 19 - 23
122
59
75
26
33
133
151
84
48
84
122
59
75
26
33
133
151
84
48
84
48.8
29.5
30.0
26.0
16.5
44.3
37.8
33.6
32.0
33.6
815
815
34.7
4
39
37
90
50
40
134
10
44
40
106
58
62
134
14
14.7
26.7
21.2
19.3
68.0
94.0
14.0
1,600
58
400
458
28.1
3,950
58
1,215
1,273
100 (1 elk)
200 (1 elk)
300 (1 elk)
400 (1 elk)
250 (1 elk)
150 (1 elk)
250 (1 elk)
2,350
300 (1
150 (1
500 (1
300 (1
elk)
elk)
elk)
elk)
100 (1 elk)
150 (1 elk)
100 (1 elk)
5
3
16
8
22
0
*Checking station data. Rest of data based on return cards only.
32.2
Table 32
SUMMARY OF CONTROLLED ELK SEASONS
Elk
Harvested
Number
Of Seasons
Year
1940
1942
1943
1944
1946
1947
1948
1
1
1
1
2
1
5
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1
2
2
5
15
21
13
18
17
1,179
1,067
1,199
362
68
69
746
103
92
100
101
376
1,505
2,074
922
1,192
1,273
1
1950
Table 33
ANTELOPE SEASON - 1959
Area
Tags
Issued
Reporting
Hunters
Harvest
% Successful
Hunters
100
85
41
48.2
150
135
63
46.7
150
134
96
71.6
IV Juniper, Hart Mountain,
Steens
250
235
128
54.5
V Beulah, Malheur, Owyhee
150
134
65
48.5
100
89
58
65.2
900
812
451
I Ochoco, Maury, Silvies
II Paulina, Wagontire,
Fort Rock, Silver Lake
III Klamath, Interstate,
Warner
VI Whitehorse
TOTALS
55.5%
The following report presents information on the status of Oregonls
upland game species.
Poor brood production during 1959 resulted in a reduced carry-over of
breeding populations for most species. While the 1960 spring inventory of
pheasants in western Oregon exceeded that of the previous year, a substantial
decline east of the Cascades resulted in a net reduction of approximately
25 per cent over the state as a whole. Valley quail populations followed the
same general pattern. Chukar and Hungarian partridge numbers also declined.
Dry conditions throughout southeastern Oregon during the spring of 1960
apparently resulted in poor nesting success for chukars as well as sage grouse.
Little change was evident in blue and ruffed grouse and mountain quail densities.
Mourning doves and band-tailed pigeons indicated modest increases on the areas
sampled.
Despite reduced spring populations from 1959 levels, adequate breeding stock
remains available to provide good hunting dependent on success of the nesting
season.
Game farm liberations for 1959 totaled approximately 24,000 pheasants,
4,000 chukars, and 1,000 gray partridge. Production of 37,000 pheasants is
scheduled for 1960 to supplement wild populations where necessary. Gray and
chukar partridge production will remain at the 1959 level.
Based on the random sampling of 20,000 licensed hunters by questionnaire,
a total of 110,348 individuals hunted upland game in 1959. This represents 37.3
per cent of all those who purchased hunting licenses. Pheasants continue to be
most popular with 88 per cent of the upland game hunters participating to bag
375,641 of these birds. Although the total 1959 harvest of 983,190 upland game
birds was 23 per cent below the 1,269,662 bagged in 1958, it represents the
next highest kill since records became available in 1950.
Weather and habitat conditions are most important to the welfare of upland
game and the success` of the hunting season. Wise management and sound regulations
based on information also are important and the following pages summarize available data for guidance.
RING-NECKED PHEASANTS:
The 1960 carry-over of pheasants averaged 22.8 birds per 100 acres on
24,416 acres sampled, a decline of 26 per cent from 1959. Although the spring
density in western Oregon increased 37 per cent from the previous year, this
was offset by a 47 per cent decline east of the Cascades. The eastern Oregon
decline was evident in all habitat areas, particularly the most productive
sections in Umatilla and Malheur counties. Tables 1 and 2 summarize quadrat
census results.
A drive count has been conducted each year since 1953 on the E. E. Wilson
Game Management Area to determine upland game population trends. An average
of 98.9 pheasants per 100 acres was recorded in 1960 compared to 148.5 in 1959,
as revealed in Table 3. Valley and bobwhite quail numbers remain at a low level.
A decline in pheasant density on the Madras Project is apparent as revealed
in Table 4. The 1960 average of 10.7 birds per 100 acres is 46 per cent below
1959 and 7 per cent below the 12-year average. Valley quail and Hungarian
partridge breeding populations also declined from previous years.
Crowing count routes have been established in the better pheasant habitat
to determine population changes. Results on the 48 routes sampled during the
spring of 1960 revealed an average of 8.3 rooster calls per stop. This information
is presented in Table 4-A. It is anticipated that future repetition of these
routes will indicate changes in breeding densities of pheasants.
A delay in setting 1959 upland game seasons permitted later brood sampling.
Intensive checks from August 3 through 11 resulted in the observation of 1,043
pheasant broods as recorded in Table 5. Western Oregon production was excellent
with an average of 7.1 chicks per brood and 6.4 chicks per hen. This compares
closely to the 6.6 chicks per hen recorded in 1958 and is 12 per cent above the
average for the past five years. A substantial decline in production was evident
in eastern Oregon with 4.6 chicks per brood and 3.2 chicks per hen being recorded.
The chicks per hen figure is 16 per cent below the five-year average.
A total of 97,474 hunters bagged 375,641 pheasants during the 1959 season,
an average of 3.9 birds per hunter. This kill exceeded that of any previous
year except 1958, when a record of 477,075 birds was bagged.
Mowing losses in Malheur county followed a similar pattern to past years
as shown in Table 6. The average of 46 nests destroyed per 100 acres is identical
to 1958, but the 1959 loss of hens was less, averaging 22 per 100 acres compared
to 31 the year before.
Crop damage in Malheur county was heavy with 66 complaints in 1959 compared
to 44 in 1958. Of the 1959 complaints, 68 per cent involved corn. The high
spring density of breeding birds was largely responsible for the increased damage.
Scattered complaints also were received from the Multnomah-Clackamas refuge,
Umatilla county irrigated lands, and other truck gardening sections throughout
the state.
A total of 23,943 pheasants was liberated in 1959. This number included
13,546 in western Oregon and 10,397 in eastern Oregon.
60
VALLEY QUAIL:
The 1960 spring inventory of valley quail averaged 16.5 birds per 100
acres, a figure 31 per cent less than 1959 and 17 per cent below the average
for the past three years. Although 38 per cent more quail were present in
western Oregon, the carry-over east of the Cascades declined 50 per cent from
the previous year, resulting in a net loss. Population trend results are
presented in Tables 1 and 2.
August brood counts as displayed in Table 7 revealed an average of 8.2
chicks per hen in western Oregon, a substantial increase over the 2.1 recorded
the previous year. Some of this increase may be due to later observations
which resulted in more broods being seen. Production in eastern Oregon averaged
less with 5.8 chicks per hen. Average brood size also was less with 8.7 chicks
per brood compared to 10.8 west of the Cascades.
During the 1959 season, 32,588 hunters bagged 22L.,123 quail for an average
of 6.9 birds per hunter. Valley quail comprised most of the bag.
Moderate winter weather conditions resulted in little mortality. The
absence of prolonged cold spells was particularly favorable.
A total of 2,110 valley quail was trapped and transplanted during the
winter of 1959. Most of these birds were trapped on the Malheur Refuge and
were released as shown in Table 44.
MOUNTAIN QUAIL:
Table 14 summarizes mountain quail population trends on western Oregon big
game samples. The average of 0.45 quail per mile on the 839 miles sampled
during the summer months indicates a slight decline from the 1958 figure of 0.47.
An inadequate number of quail were observed on eastern Oregon big game routes to
determine trends as revealed in Table 13.
Brood counts are presented in Table 8. Production in western Oregon
averaged 8.2 chicks per hen compared to 7.7 east of the Cascades. The state
average of 8.0 chicks per hen was 7 per cent above 1958 and identical to the
average for the past four years.
The western Oregon mountain quail season was concurrent with deer hunting,
resulting in a very limited kill. Little hunting pressure on this species was
evident in eastern Oregon during the regular upland game season.
BOBWHITE QUAIL:
A substantial decline in bobwhite quail numbers was apparent on 1960 quadrat
samples as revealed in Table 1. The western Oregon average of 0.5 quail per 100
acres is 64 per cent below the 1959 figure. Only 35 bobwhites were seen on
7,599 acres sampled, all of these birds being observed in the North Willamette
district. In eastern Oregon, the 1960 average also was down from the previous
year. Although more birds were seen in Umatilla county, the Malheur county
index dropped 76 per cent.
Production data arepresented in Table 9. Of the 14 females observed,
61
57 per cent had broods. The average of 5.0 chicks per hen is quite low.
Few birds were taken during the hunting season. No bobwhites were
reported in bag checks made throughout the state on opening week end.
HUNGARIAN PARTRIDGE:
Hungarian partridge observed in 1960 on eastern Oregon upland game
quadrats dropped 60 per cent from the previous year. This decline was apparent
in all districts where partridge and pheasant habitat overlap. Tables 1 and 2
summarize quadrat trend information.
A similar decline is apparent in numbers observed on big game sample
routes. Table 10 reveals that the 1960 average of 0.27 birds per mile traveled
is 58 per cent below the 1959 figure and 39 per cent below that of 1958. All
counties showed a decline with the highest density still to be found in Morrow
county.
Production data is presented in Table 11. An average of 79 per cent of
the females had broods in 1959 compared to 84 per cent the year before.
Average brood size declined from 8.5 to 5.7 and chicks per female declined
from 7.1 to 4.5 between the two years.
A total of 6,016 hunters bagged 16,818 Hungarian partridge during the
1959 season, an average of 2.8 birds per hunter. This kill was substantially
below the 45,190 bagged in 1958.
EUROPEAN
GRAY PARTRIDGE:
Game farm production and liberation of gray partridge continued in the
Willamette Valley. Egg production and fertility have improved with 60.1 per
cent of the eggs hatching and 74.8 per cent of the birds being raised.
A tbtal of 997 gray partridge was released in 1959 in Benton and Polk
counties.
Few wild birds have been seen as the result of plantings in the Willamette
Valley. Future releases are planned in southwestern Oregon before production
is discontinued.
CHUKAR PARTRIDGE:
Little information is available on chukar numbers due to the inaccessible
habitat occupied. Some birds are seen on big game samples as shown in Table 10.
The 1960 average of .09 bird per mile indicates a 69 per cent decline in population from the 0.29 per mile observed in 1959. A call count census on 42
miles in northern Lake county for the past four years reveals a more modest
change. The 1960 average of 0.76 calls heard per stop compares to 0.80 in 1959,
0.71 in 1958, and 0.52 in 1957.
Chukar brood production fell off from 1958 as revealed in Table 12. This
was most apparent in the popular hunting areas of southeastern Oregon where
large groups of unpaired adults were observed during the normal nesting season.
The averages of 6.0 chicks per brood and 5.6 chicks per female were well below
the 1958 figures of 10.3 and 9.6, respectively. Over eastern Oregon as a
62
whole, average brood size declined from 10.3 in 1958 to 7.3 in 1959 and chicks
per female declined from 9.2 to 7.0 between the two years.
During the 1959 hunting season, 11,373 hunters bagged 36,326 chukars for
an average of 3.2 birds per hunter. The 1958 kill was 91,558 birds.
Damage to haystacks and, growing crops was minor compared to 1958. Fewer
birds and the fact that early fall rains permitted dispersal from water sources
account for the decline.
Game farm liberations for 1959 totaled 4,181 chukars, of which 1,370 were
adults and the remainder were young. Although trial releases were made in
Polk, Douglas, and Jackson counties, the majority of the birds were liberated
in eastern Oregon.
BAY100 PARTRIDGE:
The small group of bamboo partridge received through the Foreign Game
Importation Program of the Fish and Wildlife Service continues to be held at
the E. E. Wilson Game Farm. No eggs were laid in 1959 but modest reproduction
is being experienced during 1960. If rearing is successful, it may be possible
to supplement the 17 adult breeders on hand and produce some birds for release
in 1961.
Bamboo partridge are native to the cultivated areas and marginal brushlands
of the China coast and have become established in Japan, where the Oregon stock
was obtained. Since the birds tolerate high annual rainfall, trial liberations
in coastal and other western Oregon areas are planned.
FOREST GROUSE:
Forest grouse species include blue, ruffed, and Franklin's grouse. Of
these, Franklin's grouse are confined to portions of Wallowa county and are so
limited in numbers that hunting was not permitted in 1959. No information is
available on this species.
Blue and ruffed grouse population trends are measured on big game samples
and by hooting and drumming counts during the spring months. Table 13 indicates
little change in blue and ruffed grouse observed on winter big game samples.
The 1960 average of 0.20 blue grouse per mile is comparable to the 0.22 observed
in 1959. Both figures exceed the 0.13 per mile observed in 1958. Only 27
ruffed grouse were observed on the 912 miles traveled and the average density
of 0.03 per mile is so low that it cannot be considered indicative of any trend.
Western Oregon trends are summarized in Table 14. Blue grouse averaged
0.26 per mile on 839 miles sampled during the summer of 1959. This represents
a 26 per cent decline from 1958 and 1957. A decline of 38 per cent in ruffed
grouse density from 1958 to 1959 is indicated, although the small number
observed does not provide a reliable sample.
Hooting and drumming counts show an increase in males heard during the
spring of 1960. Comparisons are presented in Table 15. The 1960 average of
blue grouse calls per mile is nearly three times that of 1959 and 16 per cent
above 1958. More ruffed grouse also were heard drumming in 1960 than the previous
two years.
63
Average brood size and chicks per female declined for both blue and ruffed
grouse during 1959. Production figures are presented in Tables 16 and 17. The
average number of chicks per female was 39 per cent below 1958 for blue grouse
and 53 per cent below for ruffed grouse.
A total of 15,332 hunters bagged 32,770 blue and ruffed grouse during the
1959 season, an average of 2.1 birds per hunter. Most of these birds were taken
east of the Cascades as few grouse hunters participated in western Oregon where
the season was concurrent with deer hunting. The 1958 kill totaled 73,510 birds
for comparison.
SAGE GROUSE:
Fewer male sage grouse were counted on strutting grounds during the spring
of 1960 compared to 1959. The decline averaged 19 per cent on the 23 areas
sampled as indicated in Table 18. Lake county sampling commenced in 1959 so
a comparison with past years cannot be made.
Summer trend counts are summarized in Table 19. The average of 3.2 grouse
per mile is 22 per cent below that of 1958. Fewer birds were seen on all
routes except those in Harney county. Brood production was down as indicated by
the average of 0.4 chicks per mile compared to 2.2 in 1958.
Table 20 presents fall concentration counts around waterholes. August
rains permitted the sage grouse in northern Lake county to disperse so no concentrations were available for counting. Early fall rains may have had some
effect on Malheur county concentrations,which showed a decline of 58 per cent
below 1958.
Brood production declined from previous years as indicated in Table 21.
Large groups of adult birds without broods were observed during the early
summer months. Only 50 per cent of the females had broods compared to 95 per
cent in 1958 and the 1959 average of 2.3 chicks per female was 51 per cent
below the previous year.
Based on the questionnaire survey, 7,127 hunters bagged 17,304 sage grouse
during the 1959 season. This compares closely to the 21,284 birds taken by
7,374 hunters in 1958.
WILD TURKEYS:
Semi-domestic flocks of wild turkeys remain on several ranches east of
Roseburg.
Elk hunters reported 16 turkeys observed in the Heppner area during the
1959 season. These birds were released by private individuals in 1957.
A release of 20 turkeys was made in 1959 on Floras Creek in Curry county.
These birds originated from Pennsylvania stock and were liberated on the
Herb Morril ranch by a private individual.
64
MOURNING DOVES:
The 1959 mourning dove call count was conducted between May 20 and June 10
as a part of the nation-wide breeding population inventory. Results for the
past seven years are presented in Table 22. The average number of doves heard
per mile on the 18 routes samples increased 35 per cent above 1958, while doves
seen per mile increased 55 per cent.
Late summer roadside counts on 863 miles in 16 counties indicated a
43 per cent increase in doves seen per mile over 1958 and 58 per cent above
1957. Highest numbers were recorded in Jackson and Jefferson counties. Table 23
summarizes roadside counts for the past three years.
Doves observed on western Oregon upland game quadrats are tallied in
Table 24. A substantial decline from 18.8 to 3.5 doves per 100 acres between
1959 and 1960 was recorded in the northwest region, while the density remained
at a high level in Jackson and Josephine counties.
No doves were banded in 1959. Band recoveries are summarized in Tables 25
and 26. Of 3,948 doves banded in Oregon since 1950, 133 or 3.4 per cent have
been recovered. Approximately 51 per cent of the recovered bands have come
from Oregon, followed by 19 per cent from California and 11 per cent from
Mexico.
The 1959 harvest of 194,189 doves by 17,557 hunters exceeded that of all
other species except pheasants and quail. Although the kill of all other upland
game declined, more mourning doves were taken in 1959 than the previous year.
BAND-TAILED PIGEONS:
Preseason pigeon counts on western Oregon concentration areas are summarized
in Table 27. Approximately 7 per cent more pigeons were counted in 1959 than
1958 on the 10 areas sampled. Nearly three times as many birds were counted
on the Nehalem flyway, which has been hunted heavily in past years.
A total of 42 pigeons was banded at the Nehalem station in 1959. Of the
1,845 banded since 1950, 163 or 8.8 per cent, have been recovered. Banding
information is summarized in Table 28.
The 1959 season resulted in 86,019 pigeons being bagged by 13,143 hunters,
an average of 6.5 birds per hunter. This kill was lower than the 122,226
harvested in 1958.
SILVER GRAY SQUIRRELS:
No large concentrations of gray squirrels are present in the state.
Jackson, Douglas, Polk, Yamhill, and Wasco counties appear to be the most
productive.
A tally of squirrels observed during the past year in Jackson and Josephine
counties totaled 68 compared to 69 in 1958 and 67 in 1957. Fewer animals were
observed in Douglas county due in part to a mild winter. Gray squirrels are
fairly abundant along the Rogue and Sixes rivers in Coos and Curry counties.
No concentrations exist in the Willamette Valley except for nut-producing
sections. A gradual increase is evident in Wasco county.
65
Orchard damage remains a problem. Walnuts and filberts in Polk and Yamhill
counties are troubled the most and a complaint involving peaches was received
in Douglas county. Damage to young ponderosa pine in the Butte Falls area was
not serious this past winter.
RABBITS:
Cottontail rabbits observed on eastern Oregon upland game quadrats are
recorded in Table 2. A continued decline is evident as 20 cottontails were
observed on 16,817 acres sampled during the spring of 1960 compared to 154 in
1959 and 119 in 1958. None were counted in western Oregon.
The jackrabbit population throughout southeastern Oregon is at a low point,
although local concentrations exist in widely separated areas of Lake, Harney,
and Malheur counties. A record of rabbits observed on Malheur county sage
grouse samples indicates a decline with 153 jackrabbits and 6 cottontails
recorded in 1959 as compared to 989 and 336, respectively, in 1958. The 1957
tally was 476 jackrabbits and 29 cottontails.
Snowshoe rabbits seem to be fairly numerous along the Coast and Cascade
ranges adjacent to the Willamette Valley. Numerous reports of damage to tree
farm reproduction have been received. A total of 13 showshoes was observed on
156 miles of big game samples in Lane county.
HUNTING SEASONS:
The following chart outlines the 1959 upland game seasons.
SPECIES
Upland Game
Mourning Dove
Band-tailed Pigeon
Silver Gray Squirrel
=Open Area
Open Season
Daily Bag
Limit
Possession
Limit
Sage Grouse
Cock Pheasant
Valley Quail
Sept. 1-30
Sept. 1-30
Sept. 1-30
Entire Year
Sept. 5-13
Oct. 3-11
Sept. 5-13
8 a.m. Oct. 10-Nov. 15
8 a.m. Oct. 10-Nov. 15
Entire State
Entire State
*Southwest Area
*Northwest Area
*Eastern Oregon
*Western Oregon
*Southeast Area
Entire State
*Eastern Oregon
20
10
6
6 (a)
'7
7
No Limit
6
3 (b)
4
2
2
4
12
3 (c)
15
30
Bobwhite Quail
Mountain Quail
8 a.m. Oct. 10-Nov. 15
Oct. 3-11
*Western Oregon
Entire State
*Western Oregon
10
5
5
20
10
10
Hungarian Partridge
Chukar Partridge
8 a.m. Oct. 10-Nov. 15
8 a.m. Oct. 10-Nov. 15
8 a.m. Oct. 10-Nov. 15
*Eastern Oregon
*Eastern Oregon
*Eastern Oregon
10
10
10
20
20
20
Blue and Ruffed Grouse
(a) Season limit on pigeons-30.
(b) Singly or in the aggregate.
(c) One hen allowed in lieu of 1 cock in daily bag or in
possession in Malheur County, November 7-15.
*OPEN AREA DESCRIPTIONS:
Western Oregon: All counties west of the summit of
the Cascade range, including all of Jackson County and
that part of Klamath County south of State Highway 230
and west of U. S. Highway 97.
Eastern Oregon: All counties east of the summit of
the Cascade range except those portions included in
Western Oregon description.
Southeast Area: All of Crook, Deschutes, Grant,
Lake, Malheur and that part of Baker County south and
west of U. S. Highway 30.
Southwest Area: All of Benton, Linn, Lane, Douglas,
Coos, Curry, Jackson and Josephine counties.
Northwest Area: All of Multnomah, Clackamas,
Marion, Washington, Polk, Columbia and Yamhill
counties.
Hunting season statistics are presented in Tables 29 through 39.
State-wide kill figures in Table 29 are based on questionnaire sampling
of 20,000 licensed hunters selected at random. Replies were received from
17,536, of whom 6,549 indicated they hunted upland game. On the basis of this
sample, 37.3 per cent of the 295,474 hunters, or 110,348, hunted upland game
in 1959.
Table 30 summarizes the results of seasons since 1950 when questionnaires
first provided for sampling upland game hunting success.
The pheasant season extended from October 10 through November 15 with a
bag limit of 3 cocks daily and 12 in possession. One hen was allowed in the
bag during the last 9 days of the season in Malheur county. Although the crop
proved to be poor, the hen regulation had little effect since few outside
hunters returned at the last of the season and hunting pressure remained low®
67
Pheasant hunters experienced good success in western Oregon on the opening
week end as revealed in Table 31. Juvenile birds made up 89 per cent of the
kill in the Northwest region and 80 per cent in the Southwest region, indicating
good brood production. In eastern Oregon, production was off with juveniles
making up only 65, 76, and 57 per cent of the bag in the Central, Northeast,
and Southeast regions, respectively. On the basis of birds per hunter and
birds per hour of effort, state-wide hunter success on the opening week end was
equal to the 1956 season and approximately one-third below 1957 and 1958.
Rainy weather on the opening day had some effect but the major reason for the
decline was poorer production in eastern Oregon.
In an effort to measure the return from game farm birds, 479 wing-banded
cocks were released on Government Island August 17, 1959. A voluntary return
of 95 bands was received, representing 20 per cent of the birds released.
This represents the minimum kill as no attempt was made to obtain return of all
the bands.
The E. E. Wilson juvenile pheasant season accommodated 178 hunters, who
bagged 199 pheasants for an average of 1.1 birds each. This average exceeded
that of any year except 1952. Results of seasons to date are summarized in
Table 32.
All quail species were hunted concurrent with pheasants except mountain
quail in western Oregon which were included with grouse. Opening week end data
for the quail and partridge seasons in eastern Oregon are presented in Table 33.
The average of 0.6 valley quail per hunter represents poor success. Lower
production is indicated by the 61 per cent juveniles found in the bag compared
to 82 per cent in 1958. No bobwhite quail were checked and only 1 mountain
quail.
Hungarian and chukar partridge also were hunted concurrent with pheasants.
The generous bag limit of 10 daily and 20 in possession did not result in a
heavy kill. Huns are taken incidentally while hunting pheasants, and only 41
birds were checked in 730 bags. The average of 0.1 per hunter declined from
0.2 in 1958 and 68 per cent of the birds were juveniles compared to 75 per cent
the year before.
Poor brood production and early rains permitting dispersal of the birds
resulted in a reduced harvest of chukars. The average of 0.1 birds per hunter
in 730 bags checked is much lower than the 0.4 recorded in 1958.
The eastern Oregon blue and ruffed grouse season extended from September 5
through 13. Rainy weather on the opening week end reduced hunter success as
revealed in Table 34. Average birds per hunter declined 29 per cent from 1958
in the Central region, 43 per cent in the Northeast region, and 40 per cent in
the Southeast region. Grouse hunting in western Oregon was concurrent with
the first nine days of the deer season and few hunters participated. Only 32
grouse hunters were checked in the Northwest region and none in southwestern
Oregon.
Hunting pressure on sage grouse increased over previous years. Early fall
rains permitted many of the concentrations to disperse, thus making hunting
more difficult. Despite this, a heavy kill was made in the Colvin Timbers
area of Lake county and other popular areas. Hunter success per hour of effort
68
during the 1959 season declined 75 per cent from the previous year and the
average kill per hunter dropped 19 per cent. This information is presented
in Table 35.
Mourning dove hunting was permitted through the month of September.
Stormy weather forced most doves southward out of the popular central Oregon
area after the first week of the season. The kill, however, was high with
194,189 being taken according to results of the questionnaire survey. Field
checks as shown in Table 36 revealed an average of 5.3 birds per hunter in the
bag.
Results of band-tailed pigeon bag checks are summarized in Tables 37 and
38. The adult-young ratio of 3.5 to 1 is high compared to past years, indicating poor production and a heavy drain on the adult population. Average success
of 2.8 birds per man day in 1959 was higher than in the past.
Each year a survey is made of posted land along established routes.
This information is summarized in Table 39. Approximately 75 per cent of the
farms were not posted during the 1959 upland game season along the 279 miles
of roads sampled. This is identical to the percentage unposted in 1958.
SHOOTING PRESERVES:
One shooting preserve license was issued in 1959 in accordance with
provisions enacted by the 1959 Legislature. This license was issued to
William B. Walch to operate a shooting preserve in the Butte Falls area between
September 1 and December 31.
A total of 860 pheasants was released. Four individuals hunted a total
of 5 man days, bagging 9 pheasants.
PROPAGATION AND LIBERATION:
Table 40 summarizes 1959 production on the E. E. Wilson and Hermiston
game farms. The E. E. Wilson farm produced and liberated 13,558 pheasants
and 999 gray partridge. Liberations from Hermiston totaled 10,404 pheasants
and 4,192 chukar partridge. Releases by age class for each county are tabulated
in Tables 41, 42, and 43.
A total of 3,750 pheasant eggs was distributed to 4-H Club members for
approved projects. Thirty-five youngsters succeeded in raising and releasing
1,527 pheasants from these eggs, which represents 41 per cent success. Club
members were reimbursed at the rate of $1.00 per bird released at an age of
10 weeks.
An additional 13,343 pheasant eggs were distributed to individuals on a
share basis whereby the cooperator agreed to release half the birds at 8 to 10
weeks of age.
Although not raised on the game farm, some valley quail were trapped in
February, 1959, and held at Hermiston pending release. The distribution of
these birds is recorded in Table 44.
69
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Table 3
E. E. WILSON UPLAND GAME POPULATION TRENDS
Year
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
Pheasants
Per 100 Acres
Cock-Hen Ratio
173.7
142.0
169.0
70.3
70.0
129.0
148.5
98.9
Valley Quail
Per 100 Acres
Bobwhite Quail
Per 100 Acres
19.5
7.7
21.2
5.0
3.2
8.2
5.3
133:10o
70:100
80:100
40:100
71:100
90:100
99:1oo
91:100
48.5
34.o
22.0
3.7
3.5
4.7
0.0
Table 4
MADRAS PROJECT UPLAND GAME POPULATION TRENDS
Year
Pheasants
Birds Per
Cock-Hen
Ratio
100 Acres
Valley Quail
Per 100 Acres
Hungarian Partridge
Per 100 Acres
,,,■ie■■■■•■•■■■••■•■•
*1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1.1
5.1
7.4
12.5
12.8
12.8
11.8
8.1
9.7
26.4
118:10o
53:10o
63:10o
36:100
36:100
45:100
26:10o
71:100
83:100
28:10o
16.4
48.2**
1.5
1959
1960
19.9
15:10o
5.4
10.7
4.0
7.0
13.0
30.0
15.6
6.2
8.7
26:100
3,9
*Based on drive census
**Taken in December during winter concentrations
72
1.0
19.6
3.2
2.2
3.4
2.6
6.1
3.5
3.4
3.8
2.3
1.7
Habitat
Area
No. Willamette
So. Willamette
Rogue-Umpqua
South Coast
Table 4-A
PHEASANT CROWING COUNTS
Number of
Average Calls Heard per Stop
Samples
County
1
1
1
23.0
19.0
Benton
Lane
Linn
Polk
1
2
2
1
18.3
11.9
15.5
Douglas
Jackson
Josephine
8
4.9
14.7
Coos
2
o.6
21
10.8
3.0
2.7
5.6
Clackamas
Marion
Washington
Yamhill
WESTERN OREGON
2
-
-
19.0
23.0
-
Columbia
Hood River
Jefferson
Sherman
Wasco
1
1
1
2
Upper Deschutes
Crook
Deschutes
1
1
5.6
Klamath
Klamath
2
7.2
Blue Mtn. Valley
Baker
Grant
Union
Wallowa
2
1
10.0
3.3
12.7
Umatilla-Morrow
Morrow
Umatilla
1
1
11.9
Great Basin
Harney
Lake
1
1.0
3
4.7
Malheur
3
5.1
EASTERN OREGON
27
6.1
STATE TOTALS AND
AVERAGES
48
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Table 6
PHEASANT MOWING LOSS, MALHEUR COUNTY
Year
No. of
Contacts
Acres
Mowed
No.
16
26
34
27
35
33
31
39
31
40
480
643
1,308
88o
898
1,035
1,477
1,359
1,270
1,344
1,135
160
172
155
96
183
163
159
240
273
422
251
••■■■■■■■,m,r1m1==••••
1949
195o
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
TOTALS AND
AVERAGES
33
33
27
12
11
19
13
11
9oo
381
164
210
358
413
284
187
59
13
23
40
40
19
387
28
Broods
Observed
21
31
22
462
626
527
36
46
46
114
39
98
46
3o
43
36
62
41
218
20
4,712
428
541
49
5o9
46
18
11,929 2,274
1,084
207
345
31
Nests Destroyed
No. Per 100 Acres
Hens Killed
Per 100 Acres
Table 7
VALLEY QUAIL BROOD COUNTS
Region
Females
Observed
Females
with Broods
No. Per cent
Average
Chicks per
Brood
Average Chicks per Female
1959
1956
1957
1956
Northwest
Southwest
81
65
63
78
48
74
11.1
10.4
8.6
7.7
3.4
1.6
8.9
5.1
4.6
0.3
WESTERN OREGON
146
ill
76
10.8
8.2
2.1
9.1
2.1
Central
Northeast
Southeast
249
302
159
184
180
107
74
60
67
10.1
7.4
8.7
7.5
4.4
5.9
4.5
6.1
6.6
9.4
5.7
9.3
7.3
3.6
5.4
EASTERN OREGON
710
471
66
8.7
5.8
5.2
7.4
6.2
STATE TOTALS
856
582
68
9.1
6.2
4.4
7.7
4.2
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Table 20
FALL SAGE GROUSE TRENDS
Sa_e Grouse Counted
Area
19+
19 7
Century Ranch
Chewaucan Marsh
Duncan Reservoir
Paulina Marsh
Sheep Lake
Summer Lake
Sycan Marsh
-
318
777
14
61
17
74
48
266
870
LAKE COUNTY TOTALS
-
1,309
1,357
319
76
37
21
41
690
184
21
43
116
245
58
59
506
29
223
87
162
91
281
76
146
283
104
63
73
76
87
367
26
55
144
30
-
117
42
58
681
1,603
1,718
800
688
Antelope Flat
Beulah
Cow Lakes
Crooked Creek
Eiratola Ranch
Ironside
Jordan Valley
Mahogany Mountain
Oregon Canyon
Whitehorse Mountain
MALHEUR COUNTY
TOTALS
104
83
187
19 3
19 2
19 1
570
22
50
66
175
95
130
-
267
42
96
53
220
64
85
-
18
60
430
19
165
65
70
22o
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1,100
27
400
94
140
650
-
1,126
887
1,069
2,411
19
19
19 9
19
0
119
18
46
38
100
-
Table 21
SAGE GROUSE BROOD COUNTS
Females
County
Crook-Deschutes
Harney
Lake
Malheur
STATE TOTALS
Females
Observed
With Broods
No. Per cent
Average
Chicks per
Brood
Average
Chicks -p er Female
-9
759179330777
2.8
1.5
24
23
65
47
16
9
35
20
67
39
54
43
4.2
2.4
5.0
4.7
2.8
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2.7
2.0
3.8
6.6
4.2
4.1
3.0
4.2
4.3
5.1
4.3
159
80
So
4.5
2.3
4.7
4.2
2.8
2.6
Table 22
MOURNING DOVE CALL COUNT TRENDS
No.
Routes
Miles
Covered
Doves Heard
Doves Seen
Year
1953
7
140
280
300
340
340
1.65
1.40
1.57
0.93
1.06
1.55
1.69
0.87
1.39
2.16
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
14
15
17
17
17
18
Per Mile
Per Mile
1.46
1.67
1.47
1.98
340
360
Table 23
MOURNING DOVE ROADSIDE COUNT TRENDS
Doves Per Mile
County
Doves Seen
Miles
72
Benton
Crook
Deschutes
Gilliam
86
232
50
Grant
Jackson
Jefferson
Klamath
Lake
Lane
Marion
97
20
513
688
166
38
Wag e°
Wheeler
Yamhill
TOTALS
863
6,566
7.3
2.0
1.5
6.2
3.2
3.1
49.1
7.7
1.9
6.8
2.2
43
229
73
73
33
Umatilla
1.2
4.6
10.1
1,006
1,867
665
174
405
20
20
Morrow
1957
7.6
2.6
303
100
38
86
90
60
1958
1.1
54
50
40
38
1959
-
7.7
2.7
1.6
8.0
16.4
3.1
10.4
7.3
1.8
4.1
1.8
10.5
5.5
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5.6
11.5
7.0
9.4
5.0
13.5
6.0
6.8
3.9
1.9
2.9
7.6
5.3
1.7
5.3
5.6
5.0
4.8
Table 24
MOURNING DOVE SPRING
QUADRAT
COUNT_
TRENDS
Doves Per 100 Acres
lies1212L_25
_957
199
j_
Northwest
*Southwest
3.5
28.1
18.8
28.0
*Southwest District only.
6.0
10.0
17.4
10.0
3.9
7.7
5.3
6.3
8.8
6.3
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Table 27
BANDTAILED PIGEON TRENDS
Area
1959
1958
Per cent
of
Change
Benton
Pigeon Butte
732
405
+81%
Clackamas
Austin Hot Springs
-
407
-
Columbia
Dutch Canyon
324
347
- 7%
Coos
Isthmus Slough
338
WI
-24%
Douglas
Hudson Slough
1,191
1,171
+ 2%
Lane
Camas Swale
96
-
Cushman
508
337
+51%
Linn
Crawfordsville
422
474
-11%
Marion
Aurora
284
220
+29%
Tillamook
Nehalem
314
109
+188%
Yamhill
Silver Springs
160
164
- 2%
4,369
4,078
+ 7%
Pigeons Counted
County
TOTALS
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Table 31
1959 PHEASANT SEASON
Opening Weekend Data)
District
North Coast
North Willamette
South Willamette
Lane
NORTHWEST
Jackson
Douglas
SOUTHWEST
Columbia
Deschutes
Klamath
CENTRAL
Umatilla
Heppner
Union
Baker
Grant
NORTHEAST
Birds
per
Hunter
Birds
per
Hour
55
0.4
0.9
0.2
0.7
0.2
280
47
6
64
0.2
316
749
179
0.6
51
116
98
62
19
o.6
83
214
111
47
81
Hunters
Checked
Hours
Hunted
Birds
Killed
Young
No. Per cent
60
38
Old
No. Per cent
2
9
3
19
57
81
80
89
1
7
20
11
0.2
159
89
19
11
1.2
0.5
48
42
77
84
14
23
0.2
81
1.0
0.4
90
80
22
20
234
194
376
65
44
34
0.6
0.9
0.4
0.3
0.1
47
34
10
76
77
15
0.2
29
10
24
24
23
71
239
804
143
0.6
0.2
91
65
49
35
155
105
47
33
643
109
42
0.7
0.4
0.8
0.2
0.1
54
71
22
29
21
33
85
32
299
91
84
126
372
1,243
237
-
1)4.8
53
29
86
32
287
127
62
39
41
6
0.4
0.3
97
33
79
0.0
33
3
80
5o
0.6
0.2
156
1.2
0.2
0.4
0.5
-
8
9
6
8
16
1-,
20
3
50
76
48
24
17
228
31
1,297
23
3
222
0.7
0.2
1.0
0.1
0.2
0
58
3
73
100
102
276
1,328
248
0.9
0.2
102
57
76
43
TOTALS AND
AVERAGES 1959
1,286
4,338
888
0.7
0.2
TOTALS AND
AVERAGES 1958
1,813
6,I80
2,086
1.2
0.3
TOTALS AND
AVERAGES 1957
956
3,154
1,064
1.1
0.3
TOTALS AND
AVERAGES, 1956
938
2,868
694
0.7
0.2
Lake
Harney
Malheur
SOUTHEAST
31
0
598
2114
74
1,312
88
356
78
649
148
81
42
26
22
19
1.38
435
76
24
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F-. o ct5 a) .-1 crl a:i al RS _ct
0 1=1 '-D '"D ■-'4 /-I ,---I ';-=, ';'-, ;..--.
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03 0 Cd
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1
Table 37
1959 BAND-TAILED PIGEON SEASON
Birds
per
Birds
District
Hunters
Checked
Hours
Hunted
1.5
32%
per
Hour
126
373
0.5
0.9
1.0
0.4
0.9
3.8
3.3
3.1
0.8
2.8
No. Coast
No. Willamette
So. Willamette
Lane
So. Coast
83
130
62
30
100
241
420
230
361
100
308
TOTALS AND
405
1,496
1,141
AVERAGES
Hunter
Crippiing
Loss
Pigeons
Killed
244
234
2.9
Adult-Juvenile Ratios
Field
Check Corrected*
31%
-
3.7-1
2.1-1
7.3-1
4.8-1
7.8-1
2.0-1
5.3-1
4.0-1
5.7-1
-
4.2-1
3.5-1
-
3.2-1
*5.3 per cent of birds with neck crescent are juveniles
7.4 per cent of birds without neck crescent are adults
Table 38
SMEARY OF PIGEON SEASONS
Year
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
195L
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
Hunters
Checked
Pigeons
Killed
Birds per
han Day
304
466
1,200
947
1,074
1,175
759
743
770
714
730
608
405
1,053
1,405
2,678
3.4
3.0
2.2
2.4
1.9
1.7
2,253
1,997
1,947
1,603
1,518
1,546
1,862
1,453
1,187
1,1211
Age Ratio
Adults to Young
3.0-1
3.2 - 1
3.1-1
3.4-2
3.8-1
3.3-1
3.2-1
2.6-1
3.6-1
2.7 - 1
3.5-1
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.6
2.0
2.0
2.8
Table 39
LAND ACCESS SURVEY
County
Niles
Samples
Clackamas
Douglas
Hood River
Jackson
Jefferson
Josephine
20
30
21
25
►6
12
30
Marion
20
30
Linn
Sherman
Wasco
Yamhill
TOTALS
25
20
279
Not
Posted %
No
Hunting %
Hunting by
Permission %
Private
Clubs
57
90
29
27
23
9
7
28
10
0
3
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
75
21
3
1
90
65
93
48
66
73
60
91
90
10
35
7
4;0
I
0
0
0
_,3
5
0
9
Table 40
1959 GAME BIRD PRODUCTION
Species
PHEASANTS:
January 1, inventory
Losses
Spring liberations
Eggs gathered
Eggs to 4-H
Eggs to individuals
Eggs set
Pheasants hatched
Per cent hatched
Pheasants raised
Per cent raised
Pheasants liberated
Spring
Summer
Fall
December 31, inventory
PARTRIDGE:
January 1, inventory
Losses
Spring liberations
Eggs gathered
Eggs set
Birds hatched
Per cent hatched
Birds raised
Per cent raised
Summer liberations
Total liberations
December 31, inventory
Corvallis
5,092
220
4,872
66,609
3,75o
9,837
19,846
14,988
75.5
13,803
92.1
13,558*
4,872
2,703
5,983
5,117
(European Gray)
486
147
339
2,827
2,599
1,561
60.1
1,168
74.8
660
999
508
Hermiston
1,500
32
1,468
24,00o
0
3,506
16,000
12,400
77.5
10,521
84.8
10,404
1,468
7,742
1,194
1,585
(Chukar)
1,405
25
1,380
7,900
5,000
4,45o
89.0
4,292
96.4
2,812
4,192
1,480
Total
6,592
252
6,340
90,609
3,750
13,343
35,846
27,388
76.4
24,324
88.8
23,962
6,340
100)015
7,177
6,702
(Total
Partridges)
1,891
172
1,719
10,727
7,599
6,011
79.1
5,46o
90.8
3,472
5,191
1,988
*Includes 168 birds sold for dog trials and 20 birds used for
experimental purposes by students and college personnel.
93
Table 41
1959 PHEASANT LIBERATIONS
1959 Liberations
Counties
by
Regions
Benton
Clackamas
Clatsop
Lane
Linn
Marion
Multnomah
Polk
Washington
Yamhill
NORTHWEST
Adult
Spring
Young
Summer
Adult
Fall
59
360
389
416
383
960
217
192
767
766
576
63
696
445
479
384
_
665
968
383
1,727
1,525
1,405
479
336
352
767
763
1,118
__ 406
4,683
10,573
432
766
768
4,484
Total
Released
1,535
Jackson
384
720
405
315
382
767
1,102
1,556
315
SOUTHWEST
384
1,440
1,149
2,973
4,868
2,846
5,832
13,546
196
396
592
204
396
499
600
799
Douglas
Josephine
WESTERN OREGON TOTALS
Crook
Deschutes
Jefferson
Klamath
Wasco
300
CENTRAL
Baker
Gilliam
Grant
Morrow
Umatilla
Union
Wallowa
Wheeler
NORTHEAST
500
896
500
700
2,687
3,387
216
211
427
500
600
500
600
896
396
316
792
396
1,098
336
216
489
392
1,217
768
3,664
1,064
304
848
304
Harney
Lake
1,184
504
504
890
890
SOUTHEAST
5,606
1 39)
1 394
EASTERN OREGON TOTALS
1,468
7,745
1,184
10,397
STATE TOTALS
6,336
10,591
7,016
23,943
94
Table 42
CHUKAR PARTRIDGE LIBERATIONS
Counties by
Regions
Total Released
Adult
Polk
NORTHWEST
Douglas
Jackson
SOUTHWEST
448
14148
Baker
200
200
200
200
200
200
448
Union
Wallowa
Wheeler
NORTHEAST
14
11748
448
896
2,196
400
400
306
14
306
400
60
4,331
3,399
3,951
3,401
5,888
680
4,725
2,617
706
1,180
28,992
107
108
107
108
3,678
448
400
60
_474
Crook
Deschutes
Jefferson
Klamath
Sherman
Wasco
CENTRAL
Harney
Lake
Malheur
SOUTHEAST
STATE TOTALS
1,370
1,307
-
3,969
2,739
2,758
4,050
215
663
181501
220
1,022
220
1,022
-
6,943
7,864
5,781
1,242
1,242
20,588
2,811
4,181
70,477
448
448
448
448
448
Gilliam
Grant
Morrow
Umatilla
1951-1959
Young
Total
Table 43
EUROPEAN GRAY PARTRIDGE LIBERATIONS
1959 Liberations
Total
Young
Adult
County
Benton
Lane
Linn
Marion
660
Polk
337
TOTALS
337
660
Total Releases
1950 - 1959
337
1,011
36
1,304
350
1,571
997
4,272
660
Table 44
VALLEY QUAIL LIBERATIONS*
Counties
by
Regions
Total
Liberated
Clatsop
Tillamook
550
NOR THWES T
600
Klamath
550
carTRAL
550
Baker
Umatilla
Union
380
480
100
NORTHEAST
960
STATE TOTALS
*Wild birds trapped in February and held at
Hermiston Game Farm.
50
2,110
Administration:
Administration of the waterfowl resource while the birds are within the
nation's borders is the direct responsibility of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service. The states, however, have a direct responsibility of management
while the birds are within their boundaries. Such management includes obtaining factual data on reproduction, migration, mortality, and on breeding,
feeding, and wintering ground conditions. Methods of obtaining detailed
information are coordinated in the seven Pacific Flyway states by a flyway
committee to assure results which can be combined and interpreted on a flyway
basis.
Winter Inventory:
Even though waterfowl populations were down substantially throughout the
nation, the wintering population in Oregon was the highest ever recorded. The
mallard population, however, was down about 100,000 birds from 1959. This
recorded decrease was more than made up for by an increase in the number of
wintering pintails and widgeons. The 1,019,356 birds counted is a 2.1 per cent
increase over 1959 and a 30.2 per cent increase over the 3-year average for
1957-1959. Inventory figures for the last five winters are presented in Table 1.
Table 1
WINTER INVENTORY TRENDS IN OREGON
Species
Mallard
Gadwall
Baldpate
Green-winged teal
Shoveller
Pintail
Wood duck
Redhead
Canvasback
Scaup
Ring-necked duck
Harlequin
Goldeneye
Bufflehead
Ruddy
Merganser
Scoter
Old Squaw
Unidentified ducks
1956
1959
1958
1957
316,414
207,417
54
514,393
1,186
189,378
9,141
2,477
123,129
25
4,722
9,893
375,605
979
107,147
11,051
361
86,980
10
27
2,841
150,089
409
79,841
3,066
283
62,421
11
2,856
9,750
1,849
84,971
7,656
226
74,652
29
28
4,473
6
1,158
10,953
-2,070
1,129
-
116
-
2,022
-
1960
413,194
345
216,951
10,373
2,371
255
442
103
545
5,255
9,755
50
5,837
8,570
1,583
732
7,788
2,109
7,889
996
589
2;578
1,516
10,738
2,650
634
2,358
1,606
3,368
9,848
15,103
52,378
9,037
44,516
906,816
883,748
567,228
616,029
368,952
Coot
32,863
20,208
17,181
23,559
42,157
Snow goose
Cackling goose
White-fronted goose
Canada goose
Black brant
Blue goose
179
8,400
66,710
182
150
723
-
TOTAL DUCKS
TOTAL GEESE
Swan
TOTAL WATERFOWL
Per cent change from
previous year
19,560
915
368
-
-
575
2
131
1,554
54
43,751
-
6,605
162
81,393
1,121
-
75,941
89,876
3,736
1,019,356
652
+2.1%
3,382
2
2
1,653
687
633
1,101
-
64,211
63,968
1
-
48,268
58,469
66,914
4,435
5,786
3,996
7,477
998,267
638,463
711,811
485,500
-10.3%
+46.6%
+27.3%
+56.4
98
2,778
1,493
2,073
Due to prolonged inclement weather, the lower Columbia River was not
censured by plane as in previous years. A large concentration of swan
which stayed on the river, therefore, was not tallied. On a flight some
three weeks after the inventory was complete, 4,300 swans were counted in the
sector not previously covered.
Harvest:
The 9)4-day duck, goose, and coot season extended from noon, October 7,
1959 through January 8, 1960; brant season from November 10, 1959 through
January 8, 1960; and snipe season from October 31, 1959 through November 29,
1959.
The major changes from 1959 regulations were: (1) changing shooting
hours of one-half hour before sunrise to sunset, to sunrise to sunset;
(2) removal of bonus ducks from the bag; and (3) prohibiting the brant season
from extending later than the framework of the general waterfowl season.
Bag limits were as follows:
Duck - Five a day, 10 in possession. Only one wood duck and
one hooded merganser and an aggregate of not more than
2 redheads, canvasbacks or ruddies were allowed a day
or in possession.
Goose - Three a day or in possession plus three snow geese a
day or in possession. No open season on Ross's goose.
Brant - Three a day or in possession.
Coot - Twenty-five a day or in possession.
Snipe - Eight a day or in possession.
Merganser (American and red-breasted) - Five a day, 10 in
possession.
Hunting was quite poor during most of the season and little effort was
made toward determining hunting success through bag checks. Results of these
bag checks are shown in the following table.
Table 2
HUNTER SUCCESS
Area
Malheur Co.
Camas Swale
N. Coast
TOTAL
Hunters
17
30
58
105
Ducks
Geese
66
Success
Hours Hunted
3.9
35
147
2
0
15
79
1.2
2.8
320
-
248
17
2.5
99
Results of a random mail survey are presented in Table 3 and show the
harvest of waterfowl in Oregon to be 22 per cent lower than in 1958. The take
of ducks was down 27 per cent, while the goose kill was up 44 per cent.
Table 3
WATERFOWL KILL
■•••,■■••■/•■•
Size of sample
Per cent of license holders
hunting waterfowl
Number of waterfowl hunters
Average times afield
Ducks killed per day
Geese killed per day
1959
1958
1957
17,536
5,047
4,961
20.1%
59,496
6.50
1.53
0.25
24.1%
67,819
6.15
1.97
0.16
25.4%
67,674
6.71
1.74
0.18
Total ducks killed
Total geese killed
598,313
96,211
823,822
66,757
789,942
81,591
TOTAL WATERFOWL KILLED
694,524
890,579
871,591
CHANGE FROM PRECEDING YEAR
-22.0%
+2.2%
+15.6%
•■■■••■-■••■■■■■■•■•■.
Most duck hunters reported very poor hunting throughout the season. This
contention was substantiated by the mail survey which showed that hunters
averaged only 1.53 ducks per day, the lowest success ratio since 1953. Goose
hunters, however, fared better, averaging 0.25 geese per day and enjoyed the best
hunting since 1954.
A number of factors contributed to the light harvest of ducks. Low
production in the drouth area of the prairie provinces reduced the size of the
crop, providing fewer birds-of-the-year for the hunter. Absence of young pintails was especially noticeable during preseason banding operations and in
hunters' bags. Mild weather, ample winter food, absence of fall rains to fill
ponds and marshes, curtailed hunting hours and bag limits, and the increase in
price of duck stamps were all factors serving to reduce the duck kill.
Hunters using the public shooting grounds also experienced comparatively
poor hunting. The average daily success dropped from 2.37 birds per man in 1958
to 1.77 last season. A summary of shooting ground successes is to be found in
Table 4, with species composition of the kill for the past two seasons presented
in Table 5.
100
Table 4
SUMMARY OF SHOOTING GROUNDS SUCCESS
Area
Summer Lake
Sauvie Island
Warner Valley
Malheur Refuge
TOTALS
Days of Hunter
Season
Dais
94
47
40
Success
Harvest
Ducks Geese Coots Snipe Total Ratio
6,260 6,239 6,621 102
9,560 14,668
244
43
699
229 1,055
-
10 12,972
6 14,961
1,284
2.07
1.56
1.84
16,519 21,136 7,920 145
16 29,217
1.77
Closed due to low water
Juvenile Season:
Lack of rainfall which caused a shortage of water in the ponds on the
E. E. Wilson Area, along with a small population of ducks, reduced juvenile
hunter success to 2 birds per hunter as compared with 2.37 for the 1958 season.
Forty-six juvenile hunters took 92 ducks on the five permitted hunting days.
The youngsters were accompanied by licensed adult hunters and were assigned to
blinds around the ponds.
Other Mortality:
Waterfowl which wintered in Oregon returned north in excellent condition
due to another mild winter and an abundance of natural and cultivated food crops.
No losses due to starvation were recorded. Some artificial feeding was resorted
to on Sauvie Island, but the purpose was to dispose of an old supply of weevilinfested grain rather than to supply a need of the birds.
Damage:
Most waterfowl damage complaints were forwarded to the U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service for action. The usual number of complaints was received from
the Klamath basin and Umatilla county where damage to unharvested grain in the
fall and sprouted grain in the spring is common.
Production:
Results obtained from breeding ground surveys are presented in Table 6, with
trends in duck and goose production in Tables 7, 8, and 9. Duck production,
according to the limited sampling, was only half that recorded in 1958 but slightly
above the peak production season in 1957.
In addition to the production shown in Table 6, a census of 60 square miles
in Malheur county showed 59 broods of ducks with 284 young and one-half square
mile in Jefferson county revealed 7 broods with 56 young (mallard, 4 broods with
36 young; 2 blue-winged or cinnamon teal with 15 young; and 1 pintail with 5
young).
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Table 7
WATERFOWL PRODUCTION IN OREGON
(Comparative trends on 45.7 sq. miles)
No. Broods
1958
1957
1959
Species
No. Yours
19
19 7
234
21
72
166
2
618
46
27
117
2
2
120
18
46
38
1
287
0
5
106
0
6
175
20
44
52
1
715
3
11
100
1
0
1,285
137
518
1,116
14
3,437
276
191
727
9
19
688
137
341
269
7
1,653
0
29
657
0
36
1,047
119
303
311
6
4,632
13
66
585
1
0
1,307
627
1,122
7,727
3,817
7,083
376
408
409
1,630
1,914
1,816
Mallard
Pintail
Gadwall
BW/Cinn. Teal
Shoveller
Redhead
Canvasback
Scaup
Ruddy
Wood duck
Unident. & Misc.
TOTAL DUCKS
1959
Canada Goose
Table 8
DUCK PRODUCTION TRENDS
No. Broods
Sample
1175717571777
ITO
Klamath Basin
Summer Lake
Silver Lake
Paulina Marsh
Abert Lake
Umatilla County
1,174
73
15
14
24
7
487
72
21
11
27
9
948
43
50
19
30
32
6,808
545
83
98
162
31
TOTALS
1,307
627
1,122
7,727
No. Youn
Av. Size Broods
19 7
739
1958
1957
2,748
553
175
90
205
46
5,887
327
362
149
204
154
5.8
7.5
5.5
7.0
6.8
4.4
5.6
7.7
8.3
8.2
7.6
5.1
6.2
7.6
3,817
7,083
5.9
6.1
6.3
19
7.2
7.8
6.8
4.8
Table 9
CANADA GOOSE PRODUCTION TRENDS
Sample
No. Broods
1959 1958 1957
19 9
No. Yours
1957
19
Av. Size Broods
1959
1958
1957
Klamath Basin
Summer Lake
Silver Lake
Abert Lake
236
67
47
26
244
74
58
27
233
79
71
18
1,016
283
212
119
1,182
343
248
118
1,065
337
306
74
4.3
4.2
4.5
4.6
4.8
4.6
4.3
4.4
4.6
4.3
4.3
4.1
TOTALS
376
4o9
401
1,63o
1,918
1,782
4.3
4.7
4.4
104
The snow pack in the mountains was the lightest recorded in a number of
years. The light spring runoff, along with very little precipitation, resulted
in the drying up of many potholes in southeastern Oregon and lowering the water
levels in the major marshes. Only one half the normal habitat in Malheur Refuge
was suitable for production. Water levels there were the lowest in 25 years.
Except in Malheur and Harney counties, the drouth did not noticeably
affect production. Although water levels dropped in Warner Valley, the Klamath
basin, and at Summer Lake, they did not reach the critical stage.
Duck broods were late in showing, with a high percentage of Class I broods
being observed in late July. Production was high on areas not affected by
drouth.
Estimates of the biologist on the Malheur Refuge were only 8 per cent of
last year n s production on ducks, 4 per cent on coots, and 30 per cent on geese.
In 1958 an intensive search at Summer Lake revealed 268 goose nests. A
portion of this area at that time contained 59 nests with 311 eggs. This same
sample has been run in succeeding years with the following results:
TABLE 10
SUMMER LAKE GOOSE NEST CENSUS
No. of Nests
1960
1959
1958
54
64
59
No. of Ems
1958
1959
1960
265
326
311
Av. No.
Eggs per Nest
1960
1959
1956
4.9
5.0
5.2
Table 11 presents results of goose nest censuses on the Columbia River.
These checks were made by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Washington
Game Department, with some assistance in 1959 and 1960 by the Oregon Game
Commission.
Fall Migrations
Southeastern Oregon:
The first of the early flight of pintails was recorded in the Klamath basin
during the first week of August and at Summer Lake on August 5. The size of the
flights during peak migration periods was less than that recorded in 1958. A
peak of 34,000 pintails was recorded on the Malheur Refuge on July 16, as
compared with a peak of 64,000 on August 6, 1958.
Widgeon moved through the southeastern section of the state in increased
numbers from 1958. A high of 55,000 was counted on Malheur Refuge on October 13,
as compared with 33,000 last year, and a peak of 128,000 in Warner Valley to
last year's 70,000.
A few snow geese arrived at Summer Lake as early as September 10, but the
main migration did not get under way until the first of October. By November 9,
an estimated 408,000 snow geese occupied the marsh. A sharp freeze on November 17
and 18 caused most of them to continue on south. The last large flights left on
December 3. On Malheur Refuge, a peak population of 9,000 snow geese was tallied
on October 13. The first arrivals came about September 30 and most had departed
by November 13.
White-fronted geese arrived at Summer Lake about September 1 and left with
the opening of hunting season on October 7.
Northeastern Oregon:
Mallard populations throughout the fall migration period compared favorably
with flights recorded in 1958, both as to arrival dates and numbers. A sizeable
increase has been recorded in this area within the last five years due to the
Columbia River Development Project and comparatively mild winters. During
severe winters, many ducks are forced to winter on the lower river and in the
Willamette Valley where weather conditions are usually less severe.
Lesser Canada geese started arriving along the Columbia River to winter
about October 1, the normal date. By the end of the month the migration was
complete.
Western Oregon:
The peak population of waterfowl in western Oregon occurred during the first
week of December. Flights of mallards arrived on normal dates but the numbers
were approximately half of the populations recorded in 1958. A high of 125,000
mallards was recorded on Sauvie Island on December 3 as compared with a total of
200,000 on December 13, 1958.
The pintail and widgeon migrations compared favorably, both in dates and
numbers with those of 1958.
Of unusual occurrence was a large flight of blue-winged teal through
western Oregon in September. This species normally does not use this part of
the state in numbers during their fall movements.
Tables 12 through 20 contain the periodic inventory figures for key waterfowl areas during the fall and winter months.
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Banding:
During the year a total of 6,267 ducks, 5 geese, and 1 coot was banded in
Oregon. Numbers by species banded at five stations are shown in Table 21.
Recoveries during the year from these bandings as well as from bandings in
previous years were made in 14 states, 4 Canadian provinces, and Mexico. These
recoveries by species are given in Table 22. Total number of banded waterfowl
recovered in Oregon from bandings at foreign as well as local banding stations
was 1,379 ducks, 227 geese, and 8 coots. The state or province where these
birds were captured is to be found in Table 23.
Table 23
WATERFOWL BAND RECOVERIES
State or Province
Where Banded
Oregon
Washington
California
Idaho
Nevada
Utah
Montana
Oklahoma
New Mexico
South Dakota
North Dakota
Hawaii
Alaska
British Columbia
Alberta
Saskatchewan
Northwest Territories
TOTAL
Geese
14
4
91
6
24
1
2
1
81
-
Recovered in Oregon
Ducks
oots
990
2
82
-
200
8
6
1
7
2
1
1
2
1
8
17
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35
2
3
5
-
227
1,379
4
13
-
Table 24 presents a summary of band recoveries from birds banded by the
Game Commission since 1947. In general, samples of less than 50 birds were
omitted from this summary although in some cases, especially with geese, smaller
samples were summarized.
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Brant:
The number of brant wintering in the coastal bays was the lowest on record,
The small population and unfavorable hunting weather served to reduce hunting
pressure to practically nothing. Success is shown in the following table.
Table 25
BRANT HUNTING SUCCESS
NO. Hunters
Checked
1958
1957
1959
26
44
No. Successful
Age Ratio
Adults to Immature
Brant Taken
1959
1958
1957
1959
1258
1957
1959
1958
1957
8
21
48
11
37
79
8-3
2)j.-13
48-31
75
Snipe:
All snipe observed on spring upland game census samples are recorded and
expressed in snipe per 100 acres. Table 26 presents results of these counts for
the last five years.
Table 26
SPRING SNIPE CENSUS
Birds per 100 Acres
No. Birds Observed
1960
Acres Censused
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
1.16
2.70
1.96
2.83
3.15
67
5,799
3.24
2.L1 2
1.08
2.25
0.92
35
1,080
Region
125C
Northwest
Southwest
Several snipe winnowing census routes have been established in an attempt
to improve sampling techniques on this species. Results obtained are given in
the following table.
SNIPE WINNOWING CENSUS
Sample
Summer Lake
Hot Lake
Hines*
Mileage
In Route
20
20
20
*Area dry in 1959.
Snipe Heard
779 - 1958 1957
36
5
0
Additional
LIAl22Pen
'7
T.Er9'1J-5-8:97-
27
18
21
9
-
0
13
-
0
11
1
1
4
-
-
1959
57
5
0
Total
1958
1957
38
22
10
14
-
-
BEAM
Harvest:
The beaver and otter season opened on November 1, 1959, in Malheur, Lake,
and Harney counties and on November 15, 1959 in the balance of the state. All
areas closed February 15. Many area closures were in effect throughout the
state during the season.
Trappers reported catching 10,906 beavers during the 1959-60 season. In
the nine open seasons that commercial beaver trapping has been legalized,
107,468 pelts have been taken. Trappers reported receiving *1,128,686.77
from the sale of these furs. During these nine seasons, the catches varied
only slightly from year to year, from a high of 15,257 in the 1951-52 season
to a low of 9,786 during 1958-59.
An ear-tagged 50-pound beaver was trapped on the Chetco River on
January 17, 1960. The records show this beaver to have been an adult male
when transplanted from Pistol River on August 9, 1948.
The catch of beaver and other fur species by county is presented in
Table 1.
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Seals Issued:
During the winter, trappers purchased 13,823 beaver seals at $1.00 each.
They reported using 10,906 on beavers and submitted 2,759 for refund. One
hundred fifty-eight seals remain outstanding.
Damage Complaints:
Since opening of beaver seasons in 1951, the number of damage complaints
has decreased in accordance with the decrease in the beaver population.
Annual trapping in areas of damage serves to reduce the number and severity of
the complaints. A total of 179 complaints was received and acted upon during
the year, as compared with 289 in 1956. Many of these complaints were referred
to private trappers for trapping during the open season. Advice and assistance
on procedures and techniques for preventing damage were offered to a number of
complainants. In addition, Commission personnel dead-trapped 110 beavers,
live-trapped and transplanted 9, and issued 19 kill permits. Frequency of
complaints and action taken for the past three years are shown in the following
table.
Table 2
BEAVER COMPLAINT DISPOSITION
No. Beaver
Re _ion
1 59
1958
1957
88
51
26
79
26
8
0
24
52
26
0
0
37
31
12
15
1
25
69
43
0
0
1
8
0
270
110
80
153
9
49
28
26
58
Southeast
18
65
34
21
47
14
179
181
TOTAL
Dead-trapped
Beaver
Live-trapped
and Transplanted
1959 195B 1957
Complaints
1959 1958 1957
Northwest
Southwest
Central
Northeast
Beaver
0
0
1
13
0
14
1
0
6
7
4_
18
Kill Permits
Issued
1958
1957
10
8
1
0
0
30
16
1
2
1
11
18
1
0
0
19
50
30
1959
■■•■•■■■•1■1■1■.■•••=1ww,■••■■■•■••••■,
OTHER FORBEARERS
Trapping Pressure:
During the 1959-60 season only 1,029 trapping licenses were issued. Available records dating back to 1923 show this to be the smallest number of trappers
for any previous year. License sales dropped steadily from a recent high of 2,270
for the 1951-52 season.
Fur Values:
Trappers again found fur prices very low on most species but slightly higher
than prices paid last year. The value of otter pelts advanced $3.87, beaver $3.33,
mink 88 cents, and muskrat 11 cents. Table 3 contains the average prices on the
various species for comparison over the last five years.
130
With the return in fashion of a limited amount of fur trim to women's
garments, long-haired furs are becoming more in demand. Wildcat, coyote, and
raccoon are the furs most often used. This demand is reflected in the increased
prices paid to fur trappers. Wildcats, which averaged $1.32 during the 1954-55
season, brought an average of $6.49 last winter, with the best pelts selling for
a high of $18.00.
Fashions have not demanded the return of marten skins. Trappers averaged
only $3.17 as compared with $33.45 each during the winter of 1945.
Table 3
AVERAGE PELT PRICES
Species
1959-60
1958-59
1957-58
1956-57
1955-56
Mink
Muskrat
Marten
Otter
$ 9.45
.66
3.17
21.93
12.41
6.49
1.99
2.10
1.66
.52
2.81
.74
.86
.46
.68
.43
.56
$ 8.57
.55
4.34
18.05
9.08
3.43
1.15
1.43
1.35
.41
3.08
.86
.52
.29
.23
.76
.78
$ 8.08
.66
4.59
23.80
10.29
2.76
1.00
.83
1.10
.39
3.00
.65
.47
.53
.20
.71
1.29
$10.42
.71
5.31
21.95
9.24
2.43
1.12
.76
.32
1.35
.34
.55
.44
.22
.50
-
$13.71
.97
5.00
20.65
11.90
2.56
1.42
.96
1.16
.53
.67
.6o
.70
-
Beaver
Wildcat
Coyote
Badger
Raccoon
Gray Fox
Red Fox
Skunk
Civet Cat
Weasel
Opossum
Ring-tailed Cat
Nutria
Annual Fur Catch:
Trappers reported catching 56,424 animals during the 1959-60 trapping season
and receiving $204,872.25 from the sale of their pelts. This represents approximately 91 per cent of the fur harvest since only 90 of the 1,029 licensed trappers
failed to file a report.
Table 1 contains the compiled reports by species for each county.
Drouth throughout southeastern Oregon eliminated or seriously reduced the
muskrat population on many of the marsh areas. Only 2 muskrats were reported
trapped in Harney county where the normal take runs between 10,000 and 15,000
animals.
Nutrias which escaped or were illegally liberated from fur farms have
apparently become established in western Oregon. Trappers reported catching
nutrias in 12 western Oregon counties and in Union county.
13 1
Opossums are also established and spreading from two illegal introductions.
The colony in Clatsop county has spread into Columbia, Washington, and Tillamook
counties, and the introduction near Troutdale has spread through the territory
bounded by the Columbia River, Cascade foothills, Molalla River, and Willamette
River.
Muskrat Census and Harvest (Lake
County):
The January census of muskrat houses on Silver Lake showed 21 being used,
a slight increase from 1959.
Table 4
SILVER LAKE MUSKRAT HOUSE COUNT
Year
No. Houses
Year
No. Houses
1960
21
1957
33
1959
13
1956
5
1958
41
1955
2
The census of occupied muskrat houses on the Summer Lake Game Management
area resulted in a count of 1,228, a tally slightly lower than last year but well
above the counts of the previous 6 years. Table 5 presents the results of these
January counts and the subsequent harvests which took place. The 1,602 pelts
taken from the area were sold through The Seattle Fur Exchange for a net of
$1,026. The share-trapper received 75 per cent of the revenue and the Game
Commission retained 25 per cent.
Table 5
SUMMER LAKE MUSKRAT CENSUS AND HARVEST
Year
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
Number
Houses
455
782
771
726
527
1,033
1,342
1,228
Muskrats
Harvested
0
0
827
835
0
1,652
1,543
1,602
No. Trap
Nights
.•.
3,141
2,160
3,994
3,344
3,920
Av. No. Trap
Sets per Catch
3.7
2.5
2.4
2.1
2.4
In July, 1959, the department created a Division of Fish and Game Research.
This Research Division inherited responsibility for the execution of game
research projects.
Findings of the two deer studies that were initiated in 1958 are summarized
in the following paragraphs.
I. An Ecological Study of Mule Deer on the South Silver Lake Range.
This Federal Aid project (W-53-R) is being carried out in cooperation
with the Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station of the United States
Forest Service. The Experiment Station is conducting a forage study.
The Game Commission is engaged in determining the annual population
level of deer, the extent of seasonal range used by deer, and the reaction
of hunters to and the effect upon the deer herd of several types of hunting
regulations.
A. Population Studies
1. Trend census.
Data from winter counts for 1959 and 1960 of 137 miles of sight
record strip counts have been obtained. Each winter three consecutive
counts of the 137 miles of sample strips were made at the peak of late
winter deer concentration. The results of counts of identical samples
are presented in Table 1.
Table 1
1959
Count
SIGHT RECORD STRIP COUNTS
-1960
No. Deer
Count
No. Deer
2,68o
3,212
3,173
1
2
3
3,405
3,528
3,287
1
2
3
Mean .., 3,022
Mean .. 3,407
Confidence limits of the 1959 counts are:
95% level = 3,022 + 601
Confidence limits of the 1960 counts are:
95% level = 3,407 244
An analysis of variance for the 1959 and 1960 total counts
indicates no significant difference at the 95 per cent level between the
three total counts for either year.
Using pooled totals of the three counts for each year in a ratio
analysis, no significant difference in the deer populations between the
two years, 1959 and 1960, was shown by the data obtained.
Further analysis of these data suggests that the sampling intensity
is only capable of detecting a total population change from year to year
of 20 to 25 per cent, or greater.
2. Summer track count samples
Data from two summer counts of 20 one-mile track count samples on
the assumed summer range of the South Silver Lake deer herd have been
obtained. Three consecutive counts were made in late August of 1958 and
1959 of the 20 sample strips. The results of the counts are presented in
Table 2.
Table 2
TRACK SAMPLE COUNTS
195
Count
No. Tracks
390
1
2
3
Count
Mean = 489
1
2
3
530
548
19 9
No. Tracks
791
823
886
Mean = 833
Confidence limits of the 1958 counts are:
95% level = 489 + 175
Confidence limits of the 1959 counts are:
95% level = 833 + 98
An analysis of variance of the 1958 and 1959 total counts indicates
no significant difference at the 95 per cent level between the three total
counts for either year.
Using pooled totals of the three counts for each year in a ratio
analysis, a significant difference is indicated at the 95 per cent level
between the populations of deer tracks counted in 1958 and 1959. A 25 per
134
cent increase in deer tracks with a standard error of .12 was indicated
for 1959 over 1958.
Track count sampling appears to be an excellent technique for
obtaining pre-season fawn-adult ratios. The ratio of fawns to adults in
August 1958 was found to be .31 with a standard error of .06. In August
1959, it was .50 with a standard error of .05, an increase in the fawn to
adult ratio of 61.29 per cent for 1959 over 1958.
Animal tracks are, of course, a measure of animal activity as well
as abundance and are directly affected by the many factors which influence
animal activity. It is not known that an increase in deer numbers would
result in a proportionate or disproportionate increase in deer tracks.
B. Seasonal Deer Range Determination
A deer trapping, marking, and marked deer recovery program was started
in the past year on the Silver Lake range. Six large corral traps and
eight smaller portable traps baited with alfalfa hay, mahogany boughs, and
stock salt were used to capture deer on the Silver Lake winter range.
C. Hunting Season
Four thousand permits were issued for a 23-day either-sex season on
the Silver Lake unit in 1959. Three thousand, eight hundred and ninety
nine hunters spent 10,762 hunter days in killing 2,290 deer for a success
ratio of 58.7 per cent on the area in 1959. The doe kill increased 19 per
cent, the fawn kill increased 7 per cent, and the buck kill decreased
26 per cent of the total kill in an either-sex season as compared to a
buck season followed by an either-sex season. Hunters reported seeing far
more live deer in 1959 than in 1958, but about the same number of wasted
carcasses. Hunters are apparently unable to accurately classify the age
and sex of the deer they see while hunting. A correlation coefficient
(r = .987, r2 = 97%) was found between the deer kill and the number of
hunter days spent on the area for each day of the open season. A count of
cars was found to be the most reliable method of field checking hunter
density. No significant difference could be found in deer condition
between deer killed in 1958 and 1959.
II. An Ecological Study of Black-tailed Deer
This Federal Aid project (W-51-R) is a cooperative endeavor of the
Oregon State Game Commission and the Oregon State Board of Forestry. The
primary objective is to determine the effect of known number of deer upon
the growth and survival of young Douglas fir in plantations.
A. Deer Population Control
In May 1959, a 330-acre deer enclosure was located in the Tillamook
Burn. Utilizing traps, snares, and drugs, a known deer population of
15 tagged and belled animals was established in the enclosure by January
1960. The composition of the original deer population trapped within the
enclosure in June 1958, the deer population within the enclosure in June
135
1959, and the known deer population of June 1960 is given in the following
table.
Table 3
Deer
DEER POPULATIONS. CEDAR CREEK ENCLOSURE
June
June
1958
Adult male
Yearling male
Total adult and
9**
8
lin_ males
12
Adult female
Yearling female
Total adult and
1959
19
Tagged fawns
Untagged fawns
3
1
17
4
18***
7
8
earlin l females
June
1960
26
7
22
4
Total fawns
16*
26
4
TOTAL DEER
47
69
15
* Plus unknown natural mortality.
** Does not include three killed during 1958 hunting season.
*** Does not include on fence kill October 1958.
B. Douglas Fir Study
Two randomly located 55-acre plantings of 2-0 Douglas fir seedlings
were made within the enclosure, one in February 1959 and one in December
1959. In order to measure animal damage to the planted seedlings, 18
randomly located 50-tree sample plots were established in 1959 and 21
like plots were made in 1960.
Deer damage to conifers in the Tillamook Burn area is seasonal in
nature, occurring mainly from December to April. The damage sample plots
were measured twice each year: in April to assess animal damage, and in
late summer at the end of the growing season to determine annual growth
and mortality. The result of the measurements made to date on the damage
sample plots is given in Tables 4 and 5.
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Table 6 indicates the percentage of change in deer numbers and deer
damage occurring within the Cedar Creek enclosure in 1959 and 1960.
Table 6
PERCENTAGE OF CHANGE IN DEER NUMBERS AND DEER DAMAGE,
CEDAR CREEK ENCLOSURE
0
0
-ri
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Cfl
It ''
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a)
42,
0
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43
1960
15
2,010
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3,053
-64
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45
-91
2.3
-95
The reduction in deer damage to available fir seedlings (45 per cent
to 2.3 per cent) was in greater ratio than either the reduction in deer
numbers (43 to 15) or the reduction in potential deer-days use (3,053 to
2,010).
C. Other Work
Other studies currently under way at Cedar Creek include a testing
of mechanical protectors for reducing deer damage to conifer seedlings,
inception of deer forage availability and utilization studies, testing
of pellet group counting as a population and deer use index, and assistance in testing the effects of tetramine-treated conifer seedlings on
deer.
Habitat development on game management areas is reported under the
appropriate heading.
A state-wide habitat improvement project (P.R., W-38-D) includes most of
the other developments. A habitat improvement agent, with crew and equipment,
is assigned to each of three regions to carry out the program. Several other
employees work part time on the project. Most of the project effort goes to
developing upland game habitat on private farm lands.
The following is a summary of the separate progress report for Project
W-38-D-7, Habitat Improvement for Game, covering the period October 1, 1958 to
December 31, 1959.
During this period, 36 ten-year agreements were signed with cooperating
landowners. The total number now in effect is 335. Ninety-five per cent of
these farms, totaling 317,667 acres, are open to hunting. In addition, seven
annual agreements concerning annual crops called for 1,605 acres to be open to
hunting.
Northwest Region: Some type of habitat development was performed on
86 farms. Mu].tiflora rose planted during the two seasons of this period
totaled 29,790 plants. Survival of previous plantings has been good. Annual
food crops raised for upland game and waterfowl totaled approximately 800 acres.
Twenty concrete, cistern-type water developments were completed. An estimated
110 acres of burned or logged-over hill land in Clatsop County were broadcast
seeded to lotus for big game range improvement. One hundred wood duck nest
boxes were built and erected and 106 boxes were inspected for utilization.
Columbia Basin: Two crews planted approximately 120,000 tree and shrub
seedlings of 16 species on private farms for upland game cover. Thirty-five
new plantings were set out on 185 acres. These, as well as most plantings
made during the previous two years, were maintained by cultivation, weed
spraying, and often by fencing. Some 200 pounds of clean seed, locally collected
is available for propagating part of next year's stock. Four quail roosts were
constructed. Fifty-five grass seedings, on 105 acres, were made for improving
cover. Twenty-three thousand Volga wildrye grass plants were set out. Fiftynine plastic cisterns were installed to provide watering facilities for upland
game birds. Approximately 4,900 rods of new fence were constructed to protect
various improvements or patches of existing good cover.
Southeast Region: Ten plastic cisterns were placed in chukar habitat of
Lake County. These and previously installed units have been well utilized.
Several small woody plantings were established (total, 3,130 plants).
State-wide: A total of 9,680 tree and shrub seedlings was planted on
various game management areas and elsewhere for trial or demonstration purposes.
Several types of water developments for big game were installed for trial on the
Deschutes National Forest.
Forest Cooperative Projects (In part, included in W-38-D)
Ochoco: A cooperative upland game habitat development project was initiated
in the spring of 1959 upon the Land Utilization (recently renamed National
Grassland) project near Madras. To date, the following work has been completed:
1) Seven plots, averaging about one acre in size, were prepared,
fertilized and seeded to grain, perennial grass and legume mixtures.
A total of 514 rods of stock-tight fence was constructed.
2) Approximately one-half mile of creek bottom was fenced stock-tight to
protect existing cover.
3) Three old orchards or homestead sites were fenced to exclude livestock
(160 rods of fence). Developed springs provide available water.
4) A total of 3,750 shrub and tree seedlings was planted.
5)
Six self-filling plastic cisterns were installed for drinking water.
On the Big Summit district of the Ochoco National Forest, a trial planting
of 1,200 woody plants of ten species was made in cooperation with the forest.
Deschutes: The Fort Rock district on the Deschutes forest has given high
priority for wildlife and recreation. Over most of the district, water is
unavailable. The Game Department has cooperated since 1948 in the development
of excavated waterholes for deer. During the past year, eight of these were
deepened. Currently, interest centers around the development of a satisfactory
self-filling cistern. Two types were installed last year for trial. A
700-gallon metal stock tank was placed in a dry waterhole; a sheet-metal
collecting apron will be constructed. Also, a 1,200-gallon capacity concrete
tank with metal collecting apron and drinking trough regulated by float valve
was designed and built for trial. The tank was full this spring. Some seeding
and planting is in progress on the district. Five hundred woody plants and a
grass-legume seed mixture were planted in fenced areas around the Pumice Spring
and Sand Spring waterholes. A cooperative bitterbrush reseeding trial is
under way in the Aspen Flat burn. Last fall, 220 pounds of bitterbrush seeds
140
were drilled on several sites. Germination and early survival this spring has
been very satisfactory.
.§.121212211.1Ma
This nursery, located at the Hermiston game farm, produces species not
commercially available or those used in small quantities. This stock is
available in the fall for replacement planting. Most of the planting stock
used in the habitat improvement program is produced in the State Board of
Forestry nursery. A smaller quantity is purchased from commercial nurseries.
Production for the 1959 growing season at the Game Commission nursery was
as follows:
E222122
Volga wildrye grass
Black locust
Sand cherry
Chokecherry
Bitterbrush
Klamath plum
Multiflora rose
Matrimony vine
Southernwood
Purpurea willow
American plum
Hybrid poplar
Golden willow
Wood rose
Native willow
Amount
27,700
1,500
3,500
3,300
2,425
2,275
2,100
1,600
455
350
225
180
175
30
25
Source
Culms produced at nursery
Seed collected locally
Seed purchased
Seed collected locally
Seed collected locally
Seed collected
Seed collected locally
Cuttings from nursery production
Cuttings from nursery production
Cuttings from nursery production
Seed purchased
Cuttings from nursery production
Cuttings from nursery production
Seed collected locally
Cuttings from nursery production
47,140
Soil Bank
Cooperation with the Soil Bank program was continued. Meetings were
attended and, in the Willamette Valley, field assistance was rendered with
farm plan recommendations. A total of 200 man days per year is a reasonable
estimate of the time this department has devoted to the program.
Some 5,700 acres in Oregon have been signed up specifically as wildlife
practices; however, all of the 241,000 acres now under the Conservation Reserve
in the state provide undisturbed vegetative cover, food or water attractive to
many useful forms of wildlife.
The predatory animal control program in Oregon is administered by the
Branch of Predator and Rodent Control, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and
operates on funds supplied by several federal, state, and private agencies.
The budget for the 1960 fiscal year is presented in Table 1. With federal
allotments, it totals $333,000. Contributing agencies are: Counties, Bureau
of Land Management, and Livestock Associations, $135 1 800; State Game Commission,
$40,000; State Department of Agriculture, $50,000; and the Federal Government,
$108,000.
Forty-seven federal hunters were employed under this program in 32 counties.
Clatsop, Hood River, Multnomah, and Polk counties did not appropriate funds
and, therefore, did not have the service of a government hunter. Timber interests
in Clatsop county did, however, employ a trapper to destroy bears which were
causing damage to second-growth fir trees.
During the fiscal year, these hunters took 9,186 predatory animals and an
additional L.,056 nuisance animals of five species. A detailed list of take by
species and by county is given in Table 2. A slight decrease in catch of most
species was recorded. Many additional predators were taken with getters and
lethal baits but were not located and, therefore, not counted.
Bounties:
During the year between April 30, 1959 and May 1, 1960, the Game Commission
paid out $1,800 for the destruction of 36 cougars and $5,657.50 for the killing
of 2,263 bobcats. The number of these animals bountied by county, with a
comparison with the two previous years, is shown in Table 3.
Since the termination of World War II, a definite increase in hunting
pressure has been exerted on the cougar. It is now sought by a large number of
hunters as a trophy animal and should be rated higher than a predator with a
price on its head. It is in danger of extermination, as revealed in the recent
decline in the number . of pelts presented for bounty. In 1949, 201 cougars were
taken. Numbers have dropped steadily to 56 in 1957, 48 in 1958, and 36 in 1959.
Trends:
Field observations indicate bobcat and coyote populations are both down
from 1959. Increased fur values, especially on bobcats, have stimulated
trapping which has helped to hold the animals in check. The U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service stepped up their activitiea in southeastern Oregon, primarily
through placement of lethal baits on antelope kidding grounds and on deer concentration areas, to reduce an increased population of coyotes.
Records of coyotes seen on big game census samples are available only from
three districts in the Northeast Region and from one in the Southwest Region.
Sixteen soyotes were observed on 459 miles of samples in Grant, Umatilla, and
Morrow counties, and 2 coyotes on 200 miles of winter samples and 1 coyote on
200 miles of summer samples in Jackson and Josephine counties.
Avian Predators:
Crows, magpies, and ravens were quite plentiful throughout their ranges. No
unusual instances of extensive predation were recorded.
An attempt was made by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and State Department of Agriculture to control starlings. Light traps were used with good success
in holly groves in the Willamette Valley. Excellent success was obtained in
killing several hundred thousand starlings in eastern Oregon feed lots with
poisoned French-fried potatoes.
Table 1
FEDERAL PREDATORY ANIMAL CONTROL BUDGET
July 1, 1959 through June 30, 1960
County
County Budgeted, B.L.M.,
and Livestock Association
Baker
Benton
Clackamas
Columbia
Coos
Crook
Curry
Deschutes
Douglas
Gilliam
Grant
Harney
Jackson
Jefferson
Josephine
Klamath
Lake
Lane
Lincoln
Linn
Malheur
Marion
Morrow
Sherman
Tillamook
Umatilla
Union
Wallowa
Wasco
Washington
Wheeler
Yanhill
TOTALS
$
4,500
3,300
3,500
1,500
9,600
3,000
6,000
3,000
13,000
3,000
3,000
41300
3,500
1,500
3,300
6,000
6,000
$ 1,386
925
925
465
2,772
925
1,850
925
3,695
State Game
Commission
$ 1,386
925
925
465
2,772
925
1,850
925
3,695
925
925
925
1,620
925
465
465
1,850
1,850
1,850
1,850
1,850
1,850
695
925
925
925
925
1,620
925
925
2,772
925
925
1,155
925
9,000
3,200
3,000
5,000
3,200
2,772
925
925
1,155
925
2,250
3,000
695
925
3,000
3,000
3,700
3,200
3,000
925
925
925
925
925
925
925
925
925
925
925
925
$135,850
$40,000
$40,000
6,000
4,000
3,300
925
10,000
Bird Control Program
GRAND TOTALS
State Dept. of
Agriculture
$135,850
$50,000
$40,000
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Table 3
PREDATORS BOUNTIED
May 1, 1959 through April 30, 1960
County
Baker
Benton
Clackamas
Clatsop
Columbia
Coos
1959-60
276
-
46
112
56
72
Crook-
Curry
Deschutes
Douglas
Gilliam
Grant
Harney
Hood River
Jackson
Jefferson
Josephine
Klamath
41
138
241
24
Bobcat
1958-59
19 9- 0
1957-
138
126
-
-
37
133
54
40
72
126
35
105
38
150
329
46
67
186
280
-
-
41
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2
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1
11
3
2
15
-
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7
-
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-
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11
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1
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431
371
356
58
91
40
-
2
1
-
Cougar
19 - 9
1
-
-
18
-
1
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1
1
1
3
-
2
2,819
36
48
1146
6
20
1
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3,128
2
-
12
1
3
1
1
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2,263
2
1
1
7
1
1
2
1
1
TOTAL
-
2
-
Lake189
176
158
Lane
157
120
108
Lincoln
63
61
30
Linn
876
335
Malheur
15
40
15
Marion
82
16
Morrow
92
67
36
Multnomah
76
48
Polk
75
Sherman
12
Tillamook
Umatilla
Union
70
2
Wallowa
54
111
127
Wasco
143
6
Washington
137
153
201
Wheeler
Yamhill
-
19 7-
-
-
1
-
56
In its endeavor to meet the increasing public demand for wildlife and
outdoor recreation, the Commission has found it necessary to acquire certain
key tracts of land and develop them for primary use by wildlife and the public.
Most of Oregon's land acquisition and development programs have been
executed with the assistance of federal Pittman-Robertson funds. Further
federal assistance is rendered by permitting the withdrawal of public domain
lands for wildlife and recreational purposes.
Oregon laws provide that lands purchased for the production of game and
recreation are taxable. Taxes accruing on the 41,677 acres of project lands
in 1959 totaled $26,118.29.
Table 1 displays the location and status of land management projects.
Acquisition and development are not complete on any of the areas. Substantial
progress in development occurred in 1959; however, only 1,988 acres were
acquired during the year.
Uses of game management areas by both wildlife and the public have shown
a consistent increase and the need for further acquisition and development of
land is evident.
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E.
GAME MANAGEMENT AREAS
SAUVIE ISLAND GAME MANAGEMENT AREA
In 1947 the Game Commission initiated the purchase of land in the northern
half of Sauvie Island for a game management area. To date, 10,863 acres have
been acquired, of which approximately 5,700 were open to public hunting during
the 1959 waterfowl season. The balance of the area remained closed, as did an
additional 1,260 acres of adjacent private land which is in legislative refuge.
Development:
During the 1959 farming period, a total of 709 acres was planted to wildlife
food crops and left standing for fall and winter waterfowl use. Acreages were
as follows: field corn - 81; sweet corn - 45; Sudan grass - 229; summer barley 29; fall barley - 95; buckwheat and/or duckwheat - 64; barley, duckwheat, buckwheat, and millet in various combinations - 130; and potatoes - 36.
Waterfowl populations were low throughout most of the winter. Mild weather
and ample feed in eastern Washington were instrumental in keeping large flights
of mallards in the upper Columbia basin during much of the winter. With a
comparatively small number of birds using the island, the planted food crops
were sufficient to carry the birds through most of the mild winter. A supplemental supply of 3,000 bushels of barley, however, was fed out in February and
March. This grain had been held in storage for 3 years for emergency use and
was badly infested with weevils.
Six lakes were treated with rotenone to kill scrap fish and thus allow
aquatic waterfowl food plants to grow.
Recreatior•
Popularity of the management unit as a recreation area continues to grow.
number of people using Game Commission lands was determined to be 120,000,
a 20 per cent increase over 1959. Angling, picnicking, water sports, hunting,
and other forms of activity attracted the outdoor enthusiasts.
The
Waterfowl:
The peak in the fail population of waterfowl occurred during the first week
in December. Flights of mallards arrived on normal dates, but the numbers were
only half the numbers recorded in 1958. A high of 125,000 mallards was counted
on December 3 as compared with a high of 200,000 on December 13, 1958.
Hunting was allowed on the area every other day through the 94-day season,
a total of 47 hunting days. A total of 9,560 hunter days was used in bagging
14,668 ducks, 244 geese, 43 coots, and 6 snipe for a 1.56 birds-per-man success
average.
Ten barrel blinds were placed in fields on Oak Island and afforded extra
hunting for 623 nimrods. They killed 376 ducks and 157 geese for a 0.95 success
average.
149
Upland Game:
No pheasants were released on the management area, but hunters were
successful in bagging 161 birds from previous liberations or natural reproduction.
During the winter 209 valley quail were liberated. These birds had been
previously live-trapped in eastern Oregon.
GOVERNMENT ISLAND
MANAGEMENT
AREA
The Government Island group is administered as part of the Sauvie Island
project. All of the 2,310 acres owned by the Game Commission on Government,
Lemon, and McGuire Islands were closed to waterfowl hunting but open to deer
and upland game birds.
Development:
Forty-nine acres were seeded to wildlife food crops and left standing for
winter use. Acreages were as follows: corn - 6, potatoes - 8, summer barley - 5,
fall barley - 15, and buckwheat - 15. Most of the corn did not mature, but a
fair amount of food was produced from the other seedings.
Twenty-five acres of brush and berry bushes were cleared.
Waterfowl:
Government Island remained closed to waterfowl hunting, but hunters did
kill a number of birds on adjacent sand bars.
Approximately 2,500 ducks and 400 geese wintered on the island. Goose
numbers were up from last winter but only half the usual population of ducks
migrated into the area.
Upland Game:
Pheasant hunting was allowed during the entire season. An undetermined
number of sportsmen was attracted to the island to hunt the 479 pheasants which
had previously been liberated. Success was good the first week end but dropped
off rapidly as the remaining birds sought protection in dense vegetation.
Two hundred valley quail were transplanted during the winter from eastern
Oregon.
Recreation:
Government Island is growing rapidly in popularity as an outdoor playground.
Its beaches and sandbars are heavily used by boaters, picnickers, and other
recreationists. With increased usage, incidents of vandalism, litterbugging,
and other undesirable acts have increased mapyfold.
SUMMER LAKE GAME MANAGEMENT AREA
In 1944 the Game Commission initiated the purchase of land for the Summer
Lake Management Area with primary objectives of producing and maintaining waterfowl and providing an area for public recreation. To date, 13,960 acres have been
purchased or leased. Of this total, 6,598 acres were open to hunting in 1959.
150
Acquisition:
The Foster tract containing 455 acres and the Lewis tract containing
acres
were purchased and added to the management unit during the year.
40
Development and Maintenance:
A new residence and checking station with bachelor's quarters were
constructed. The rock bunk house, storage and power house, chicken house,
and oil house were razed and material salvaged. Routine maintenance was
conducted on all other buildings.
Approximately one-half mile of 3 1 x 12 1 dike was constructed to enclose a
30-acre marsh management unit. Two thousand three hundred yards of gravel and
dirt were hauled to repair dikes damaged by wind and water erosion and burrowing rodents. One-half mile of ditch was cleaned with the dragline.
Eight miles of roads were graded and maintained and one mile of roadway
was resurfaced.
One and one-fourth mile of fencing was replaced and 35 miles of fence
maintained.
A total of 449 acres was farmed, planted to barley, wheat and rye, and
left standing for bird feed. Farming operations also included irrigating, land
leveling, and application of large quantities of 2-4-D to control Russian thistle,
Russian knapweed, sweet clover, white top and morning glory.
Waterfowl:
The peak population of waterfowl at Summer Lake was 428,678 recorded on
November 19. Snow geese made up most of the population. Only 6,000 ducks and
geese remained through the winter months.
Production of both ducks and geese was comparable with that of 1958.
Hunters killed more geese than ducks during the 94-day season. A total of
hunter days was expended in taking 6,239 ducks and 6,621 geese, for a
2.07 birds-per-man-day success ratio.
6,260
Upland Game:
A large decrease in the carry-over of pheasant breeding stock which survived
the hunting season and mild winter was recorded in the spring census of Summer
Lake Valley. Only 6.5 birds per 100 acres were observed as compared with 24.3
in 1959. Quail numbers were also down to 11.1 per 100 acres from 58.4 in 1959.
Four hundred forty-eight pheasants were liberated on the area during the
summer. Hunters bagged only 71 of these on the area during the season.
Furbearers:
A January, 1960 census of active muskrat houses revealed 1,228 compared
with 1,342 in 1959. A trapping quota was set on the basis of this inventory.
151
The share trapper fulfilled his quota after the termination of the waterfowl
season, catching 1,602 muskrats which sold for $1,026.00.
KLAMATH GAME MANAGEMENT AREA
The Klamath Game Management Area comprises a total of 5,585 acres in the
following units: 1,500 acres in Midland and Furber Marsh, 1,320 acres in
Shoalwater Bay, 365 acres at Squaw Point, and 2,400 acres at Rocky Point. All
of the Rocky Point unit is owned by the U. S. Forest Service, and 239 acres of
the Squaw Point unit is owned by the State Land Board. The remaining lands in
the Klamath Game Management Area are owned by the Game Commission.
The Furber Marsh unit is the only site where development and maintenance
work were conducted. Unless otherwise stated, the balance of this report
refers only to this section.
Acquisiticn: None.
Development and Maintenance:
Routine maintenance was conducted on all buildings on the area.
Approximately 4,000 feet of irrigation ditch were dug with a back hoe and
680 feet of drainage ditch created with the use of ditching powder. Four
culverts were installed in various ditches to provide better access to fields,
and 160 feet of 21-inch culvert installed in the Klamath Irrigation District
canal to insure a summer water supply. Repair of ditches and dikes was
necessary due to muskrat burrows and wave action.
An access road, 1,825 feet in length, was constructed to provide public
access to the Klamath River. A 60 1 x 100 1 parking area and a boat ramp were
also completed.
area.
and
A total of 2/40 rods of fence was constructed on the south boundary of the
Canada geese grazed heavily during the spring months on fall seeded barley
rye. Of 71 acres planted, 15 acres were completely killed out.
Sprig rain benefitted 335 acres of spring planted barley, wheat, and oats,
but later drouth has caused early heading which may reduce the yield. Short
grain, however, should be taken more readily by migrant waterfowl.
Seventy-two acres of alfalfa, clover, and grass mixtures were fertilized,
irrigated, and otherwise managed. Spring use on two of the alfalfa fields by
white-fronted geese was quite extensive.
During the period, 120 tons of gypsum and 14 tons of ammonia sulfate and
other fertilizers were used to condition the soil and improve fertility.
A 500-gallon fuel storage tank, steam cleaner, hay rake, and miscellaneous
shop tools were purchased.
152
Game Use:
Twenty-five broods of Canada geese resided on the area, using the springplanted grain adjacent to flooded areas. Between 200 and 300 local honkers
moved back to the area after hunting season and remained through the winter.
Duck production was quite high with mallard broods most frequently observed.
Broods of canvasbacks, redheads, shovellers, pintails, gadwalls, and cinnamon
teal were also frequently noted.
Recreational Use:
Hunters averaged less than one bird per man-day during the 1959 season.
A check of 467 hunters showed they had bagged 312 ducks, 12 geese, and 62
pheasants. Hunting on the units in Upper Klamath Lake was almost nonexistent,
with the water level 32 feet lower than normal.
With the construction of an access road, boat ramp, and parking lot near
the Klamath River, use of the area by hunters and fishermen has increased
considerably.
ROGUE VALLEY MANAGEMENT AREA
The Game Commission acquired 1,760.64 acres of surplus military land at
Camp White in 1953 from General Services Administration. In 1956 the Game
Commission purchased an additional 160 acres along the south boundary and
adjacent to Agate Slough. These lands were acquired primarily to produce
upland game birds and waterfowl and to provide opportunities for public hunting and angling.
Development and Maintenance:
A concrete water control was constructed in the North Fork of Whetstone
Creek to divert water for irrigation of a grain field and to create waterfowl
habitat through impounding water in an existing pond site. Existing impoundments were maintained.
Six hundred seventy-two rods of four-strand barbed wire boundary fence
were constructed and the existing eight miles of fence on the area maintained.
Twenty acres of Sudan grass were planted but failed to mature. Twenty-two
acres of winter wheat planted in the fall of 1959 will provide good food and
cover for wildlife.
Game Use:
Creation of waterfowl habitat through food plantings and impounding water
has increased production of mallards and cinnamon teal. Pheasant and quail
numbers have also increased because of improved habitat.
Recreational Use:
Hunting pressure on the area on doves, pheasants, quail_, and ducks
continues to increase. Proximity to Medford and lack of bird hunting sites in
153
Rogue Valley make the area quite valuable to local nimrods.
Impoundments on the area have been stocked with several species of warmwater game fish and now attract many families of anglers.
The area is also used for dog training and conducting field trials. A
portion of the area has been set aside for these uses.
CAMAS SWALE MANAGEMENT AREA
In 1942, the purchase of Camas Swale for a game management area was
initiated. Primary objectives were the production and management of waterfowl
and upland game birds. To date, 2,514 acres of the 2,700-acre project area
have been acquired.
Acquisition: None.
Development and Maintenance:
The Camas Swale area is divided into four farm units of approximately
500 acres of arable land. Through bids, sharecroppers are selected to plant a
predetermined number of acres for wildlife in exchange for use of the other
acreage. Under this arrangement, approximately 100 acres of corn and 300 acres
of Sudan grass were planted and left standing as wildlife food crops.
Other developments included removal of old buildings, installation of
cable gates, construction of 15 portable barrel blinds, purchase of five barrel
blinds, culvert installation, drilling of a 110-foot domestic well which
resulted in not finding water, and the construction of two parking areas.
Game Use:
Waterfowl did not use the food plantings extensively until after the close
of the hunting season. Hunters using the area, therefore, had only fair success.
Thirty hunters were checked with 35 ducks for a 1.2 birds-per-man success
average. They had hunted 320 hours.
A fair harvest of planted pheasants was obtained with most of the birds
bagged on the first two days of the season.
Recreational Use:
Hunting pressure was not controlled on the area during the 1959 hunting
season. Spot checks were made to determine hunter success.
LADD MARSH MANAGEMENT AREA
Acquisition:
The 800-acre Boothman ranch was purchased and added to the Ladd Marsh
Management Area.
15
Development and Maintenance:
One and one-fourth miles of fence were constructed and over two miles of
fence repaired. The corral on the Counsell tract was replaced.
One-fourth mile of ditch was dug with a back hoe to connect an irrigation
ditch to the marsh in order to maintain marsh water levels. A small dike was
also dug to prevent drainage into a neighbor t s drain ditch.
Maintenance was conducted on the houses and barns on the Counsell and
Peebler tracts.
Wildlife Use:
Four goose nesting platforms were installed in the marsh. They have not
been used to date.
SNAKE RIVER ISLANDS
Acquisition:
In 1959, the Game Commission acquired Patch (7a2 acres), Porter (80 acres),
and Huffman (55 acres) Islands in the Snake River from the Idaho Power Company.
These islands were in restitution for waterfowl habitat destroyed with the
filling of Brownlee Dam.
Thirty acres of Patch Island were seeded to barley and wheat by a sharecropper in exchange for grazing privileges on Porter Island. About 150 geese
heavily grazed the planting during May and June. This grazing may reduce the
yield as much as 50 per cent. The grain will be left standing for fall and
winter use by upland game and waterfowl.
One hundred Russian olive trees, 150 willow cuttings, and 1,000 big rye
grass plants were planted on Porter Island to improve wildlife habitat.
Most of Huffman Island was inundated when Brownlee Dam was at full pool
during the spring months. This prevented the growth of any wildlife food or
cover plants.
E. R. WILSON GAME MANAGEMENT AREA
Game farm operations and habitat plantings continue as the major activities
on the E. E. Wilson Game Management Area. No major changes are planned unless
necessitated by further Air Force development.
Juvenile hunters, dog trainers, and the general public use the facilities
provided. An important aspect of such public use is the demonstration value
of the area, particularly for habitat improvement and upland game management
practices.
Game Production:
A total of 13,558 pheasants was liberated in western Oregon during 1959,
including 168 birds sold to field trial organizations and 20 used for experimental studies. Liberations included 4,872 hens in the spring, 2,703 young
birds during the summer, and 5,983 mature cocks for the fall hunting season.
European gray partridge liberations totaled 999 birds, 339 of which were
breeders released in the spring and 660 young released in the fall. Early
egg production permitted release of the breeders a month prior to any previous
year. The hatching and rearing success percentages of 60 and 75, respectively,
were comparable to past years.
The bamboo partridge received in April, 1959, did not produce any eggs or
indicate interest in nesting.
Development of Habitat:
Habitat practices conducted last year were as follows:
1. Approximately 300 acres were farmed, of which 84 acres of mixed
food crops were left standing for game bird use.
2. Approximately 60 tons of grain were harvested for use in the
pheasant-rearing program.
3. Filbert trees on land reclaimed by the Air Force were removed
and transplanted on filbert plots within the Management Area.
4. Noxious weeds such as Canadian thistle and tansy ragwort were
controlled. A cutting and thinning program to eliminate excess
brush was initiated to improve juvenile hunting and field trial
conditions.
5. Three additional water impoundments were developed.
Juvenile Hunting Area:
A total of 178 juvenile hunters utilized the area during the 1959 season,
bagging 199 pheasants and 5 quail.
Waterfowl hunting was permitted for the second year with 46 juveniles
participating during the five days allowed. The kill totaled 92 ducks and 1
coot for an average of 2 birds per hunter.
156
Trials
Approximately 200 persons used the area for dog training purposes while
400 more participated in field trials. Five different clubs utilized the area
18 days for ten licensed dog trials, including one Pacific Coast championship
trial.
Population Trends:
Students of the Fish and Game Department at Oregon State College have
discontinued annual inventory work on the area. Each year since 1950 complete
counts have been attempted on a 400-acre block during January and April.
Upland game population trends will be measured by personnel working on the
area. A complete count was attempted this spring on an 188-acre strip extending the full length of the area. Population densities averaged 68.0 pheasants,
11.7 valley quail, and 1.0 bobwhite quail per 100 acres. While these measurements cannot be compared with past records, continued sampling will provide a
basis for determining trends.
HERMISTON GAME FARM
Operations at the Hermiston game farm during 1959 resulted in production
of 14,813 game birds. Other activities included construction of haystack
panels for big game damage control, raising of forage and grain crops, and
growing of shrubs for habitat development projects.
Game Production:
A total of 10,404 pheasants was liberated, including 1,468 adult breeders
during the spring, 7,742 young during the summer, and 1,194 adult cocks during
the fall. All of these birds were released in eastern Oregon.
Chukar liberations totaled 4,192, of which 1,380 were breeders released in
the spring and 2,812 were young birds liberated during the summer. Polk,
Douglas, and Jackson counties received 1,096 of these birds while the remainder
were liberated in eastern Oregon.
Construction:
Construction during 1959 included:
1. The shop was sealed with 1/4 - inch plywood.
2. Two flat beds and one horse rack were completed for trucks in the
Northeast Region.
3. The main irrigation headgate was improved and 75 distribution
gates were installed.
4. A total of 927 snow fence type panels was constructed for haystack
protection. This total included 310 panels 6 feet high by 12 feet
long, 307 panels 6 feet by 15 feet, 66 panels 7 feet by 12 feet,
and 244 panels 7 feet by 15 feet.
Grain and Forage:
1. Approximately 26 tons of wheat and 34 tons of barley were
produced.
2. Hay production totaled 240 tons, of which 148 tons were used for
regional horse feed and 25 tons were carried over the winter.
3. A total of 37 tons of straw was sold.
Land Disposition:
Approximately 40 acres on the north end of the farm is under a five-year
lease for mint production. The annual rental fee is $2,000.
Habitat Development:
Shrub production at the nursery totaled approximately 21,000 plants of
various species.
NORTH FORK JOHN DAY BIG GAME WINTER RANGE
The North Fork Winter Range project consists of approximately 12,000 acres
of steep south slopes which have a low forage production potential. Most of the
lands have been acquired by long-term lease.
Since 1954, the control of livestock trespass by fencing and patrol has
caused the perennial grasses to show a good recovery and some shrub rejuvenation
is evident.
The following is a summary of the past year's operation.
Accipistkl-RT
A 300-acre tract was leased from Heppner Lumber Company, which has since
been purchased by the Kinzua Logging Company.
Development:
A six-acre field near Hoskins Cabin was tilled and summer fallowed and
planted to mixed grasses last fall.
Livestock trespass was controlled during the period.
The interior of the headquarters cabin was repainted.
Fencing maintenance took considerable time as a windstorm resulted in many
breaks in the boundary fence. An ice jam swept away 300 yards of fence below
Buckaroo Creek, which also was repaired.
No new salt was placed on the project, as the natural rock salt placed in
the spring of 1959 is still usable.
Game Use:
Game inventories showed a general increase of deer and elk on the management area. Winter counts gave 16 mule deer per mile compared to 12 the previous
year.
Elk sampling showed 113 elk observed compared to 77 for 1959.
Herd composition ratios for mule deer gave 26 bucks and 65 fawns per 100
does--a decline in the buck-doe ratio from 1959 but much above the 1958 ratio.
This compares with the state average of 25 bucks and 71 fawns per 100 does.
The project is heavily hunted for both deer and elk during the 1959 season.
Upland game birds were hunted lightly in the area, with the main emphasis on
blue and ruffed grouse.
Bitterbrush plots on the North Fork project showed poor annual twig growth
of only 2.1 inches and an over-all use of 67 per cent as compared to the eastern
Oregon average of 3.3 inches and 59 per cent use.
159
Condition and trend transects showed an improvement in density and
composition in plots protected against livestock use. Outside the project
fences, the transects showed a density loss in desirable species.
WHITE RIVIui BIG GAME WINTER RANGE
The White River range consists of lands adjacent to national forest lands
on the east slope of Mt. Hood. This area is being acquired and developed as a
wintering range for a herd of black-tailed deer. A deer-proof drift fence aids
in preventing crop damage, particularly to winter wheat, on adjacent private
lands.
The following is a summary of the past year l s operation.
Acquisition-
The recent addition of the Barber estate consisting of 520 acres brings
the project total to 8,193 acres, which is about half of the desired total area.
Development :
Maintenance was carried out on all buildings on the project.
A concrete floor for the basement of the McCorkle house was poured and a
short sidewalk constructed.
Very little work on roads was required except for snow clearance last winter.
A new strip of fence 12i miles long was built through the sale of timber on
the project. Most of the fence was built on Happy Ridge, mainly as a dividing
fence between pastures. Maintenance was conducted on all other existing fences.
Very little work has been required on the 4 3/8 miles of deer-proof fence.
One thousand bitterbrush plants from Hermiston were planted in the spring
of 1959, but survival on these plants was low. This spring the following plantings were made on Happy Ridge: 430 American plum, 200 wild cherry, 700 silverberry, 400 honeysuckle, 300 rose, and 1,000 bitterbrush. Survival was very good.
Planting and spot seeding were done in the spring of 1959 and 23 acres of new•
ground was cleared last fall and was leveled and seeded this spring. Some 50
acres of down logs and brush were burned on Happy Ridge and seeded to a grasslegume mixture.
Game Use:
Mild weather prevailed over the project last winter. Few elk used the area,
but deer concentrations were high. A total of 659 deer was seen on the White
River samples for an average of 34 per mile as compared to 32 per mile last year.
For the general area of the project, 1,159 deer were seen for 62 miles of census
route--slightly below the average for last year.
Herd composition data showed 44 bucks and 55 fawns per 100 does, as compared
to 34 bucks and 73 fawns per 100 does for the state-wide black-tailed deer average.
160
Shrub use was considerably higher this past year, with bitterbrush showing
per
cent use as compared to )4 per cent for 1959.
59
A clipping study conducted this spring on a field of mixed alfalfa and
grass indicated that spring and fall game use was close to 1,000 pounds per
acre. A 71 per cent difference Was noted between the inside and outside of a
deer-proof exclosure.
The project was used extensively by deer hunters with fair to good success.
Hunting is fairly difficult due to the brushy terrain until late in the season
when deer are forced down to lower elevations.
WENAHA BIG GAME WINTER RANGE
The 17,653-acre Wenaha project was initiated in 1953 to provide a winter
range for elk and deer using the Wenaha watershed. Steep bunchgrass slopes
above the Wenaha and Grande Ronde rivers provide forage during severe weather,
while agricultural lands on the Bartlett and Eden benches are being acquired
and converted into permanent pastures for use during milder weather. In
addition to winter game use, management practices are benefitting the increase
of resident elk and deer populations.
The following is a summary of last year's operation.
Acquisition:
No new lands have been purchased during the year, with the total remaining
at 6,831 acres acquired to date, or a little more than one-third of the area
planned for the project.
laTIME2Et•
Approximately one mile of fence was constructed from the Eden bench breaks
down to the Grande Ronde river, making a total of nearly 10 miles of forest
Service boundary fence.
All buildings were maintained, and the gas-operated household equipment
at the headquarters has been replaced by an electrically-operated water heater,
range, and refrigerator.
A new shut-off valve was replaced at the lower Cummings tract and water
system repairs were made on the Mabel Knight place.
Hay sharecropping operations gave the project a total of 2,823 bales on
the fifty-fifty operative basis.
A 17-acre field above the Lick Schafer tract that was fallowed in 1959
was planted to a mixture of 75 pounds of alfalfa and 150 pounds of manchar
brome seed. The newly seeded ground and other hay and grasslands received an
application of 1,800 pounds of land plaster and 2,000 pounds of 16-20 fertilizer.
All alfalfa fields were worked with springtooth and spiketooth harrows to
control weeds.
Skidroads and landings on the Hyland DeJean tract, totaling nine acres,
were seeded to 45 pounds of timothy and 45 pounds of orchard grass. This
seeding was done on snow and resulted in a very good stand. Seven acres on the
Upper DeJean tract were seeded to the same mixture with fairly good results.
Game Use:
Game use on the project was heavy last year with a total of 151 deer seen
on 22 miles of census sample. This average of 6.9 deer per census mile is well
above the average of 3.7 for 1959.
Ground counts of Rocky Mountain elk showed a decline in animals seen from
the previous year. An aerial inventory taken in March, however, showed an
increase rather than a decrease in elk seen.
Herd composition averaged 55 bucks and 84 fawns per 100 does, which indicates
a similar buck ratio to the 1959 production but an increase in fawn production.
On Rocky Mountain elk, the ratio of 8 bulls and 46 calves is well below the
1959 ratio of 23 bulls and 63 calves per 100 cows.
The project area and adjacent summer ranges were heavily hunted for both
deer and elk during the fall seasons. Heavier hunting on the project is
anticipated with the build-up of the resident elk herd.
To better measure big game use on the area, a total of 11 pellet group
transects have been established. Seven others will be set out as time allows,
making a total of 18 transects, which will sample both the Eden and Bartlett
benches. These transects have 10 individual plots set one chain apart and cover
1/100 of an acre each, or 1/10 of an acre per transect.
StIEMARY
A cold spring combined with less-than-normal precipitation in eastern
Oregon contributed to a decline in the production of game birds and forage for
big game in 1959.
The public demand for hunting increased nearly 5 per cent in 1959. Hunting
license sales totaled 295,312. The hunters reported taking approximately
155,000 big game animals and 1,675,000 game birds.
Current game inventories indicate the following general conditions:
There is little evidence of change in mule deer densities in spite of a
slight decline of fawn production and an exceptional harvest of 88,500 animals
in 1959.
An increase of black-tailed deer is indicated; however, there is some
evidence of a reduction in areas that were heavily hunted to alleviate damage
to conifer reproduction and agricultural crops.
Roosevelt elk densities averaged the same as in 1959. Application of a noon
opening and other protective measures substantially reduced wanton waste during
the 1959 season.
Rocky Mountain elk wintered at high elevations and populations appear
stable on all major elk ranges. Hunters reported harvest of 6,828 Rocky Mountain
elk in 1959.
Antelope fawn production was below normal in 1959; however, survival was
high during the mild winter and densities in the spring of 1960 averaged the same
as in 1959. An aggressive predator control program was executed on antelope
ranges.
Production of upland game birds was substantially below the averages for
1957 and 1958, particularly in eastern Oregon counties. This condition resulted
in a decline in the number of birds harvested and a reduction of the number of
breeding birds available in the spring of 1960.
A similar condition prevailed with waterfowl. The January inventory
indicated a 16 per cent decline in the Pacific Flyway; however, an unprecedented
number (1,019,356) of ducks and geese wintered in Oregon.
A recent decline in the fur market resulted in a reduction of trapping
pressure and the number of furbearers harvested during the 1959-60 season.
The many development programs designed to enhance game production on the
lands and waters of the state were aggressively executed during the year.
164
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P:1
DIRECTORY OF PERSONNEL
GAME DIVISION
Headquarters Address
Office
Portland
Portland
Office
Office
Portland
Portland
Office
Portland
Office
Phone
AT 2-5866
CH 4- 1843
CH 4-9894
AT 2 - 4066
CH 4- 3379
NORTHWEST REGION
Reg. Supervisor
Zumwalt, L. C.
Asst. Supervisor
Schneider, L. F.
Dist. Game Agent
Batterson, W. M.
Dist. Game Agent
Cummings, M. S.
Dist. Game Agent
Ives, F. F.
Dist. Game Agent
Jubber, Robert
Mgr., E. E. Wilson
Kirkpatrick, Don
Mgr., Sauvie Island Alexander, J. K.
Habitat Agent
Sanford, Delmar E.
Corvallis
Corvallis
Nehalem
Salem
Corvallis
Eugene
Corvallis
Portland
Albany
Rte. 1, Box 325
Rte. 1, Box 85
Rte. 4, Box 593B
WA 4-5311
WA 4-5311
EM 8 - 2265
ELI 4-4148
PL 2-1798
DI 3- 7236
PL 3 - 4938
MA 1-3488
SOUTHWEST REGION
Regional Supervisor Vaughn, J. W.
Dist. Game Agent
McCaleb, W. L.
Dist. Game Agent
Maben, Robert
Dist. Game Agent
Sturgis, Harold
Roseburg
Roseburg
Medford
Coquille
Box 577
Rte. 2, Box 1433A
Rte. 4, Box 398
326 E. 12th
CENTRAL REGION
Reg. Supervisor
Dist. Game Agent
Dist. Game Agent
Dist. Game Agent
Habitat Agent
Mgr., White River
Mgr., Klamath
Mathisen, L. M.
Bonn, Paul
Eastman, D. L.
Ebert, Paul
Winegar, H. H.
Laughlin, E. T.
Hoffmeister, A. H.
Bend
Bend
Klamath Falls
The Dalles
Wasco
Tygh Valley
Klamath Falls
Parrell Road
674 E. Penn
5244 Barry Ave.
313 West 21st St.
Box 175
Wamic Rural Station
Rte. 3, Box 93B
EV
EV
TU
CY
SOUTHEAST REGION
Reg. Supervisor
Dist. Game Agent
Dist. Game Agent
Dist. Game Agent
Dist. Game Agent
Range Technician
Mgr., Summer Lake
Habitat Agent
Masson, W. V.
Mason, G. Ellis
Langdon, C. R.
Grogan, Frank
Maw, Vernon
Langdon, M. O.
Claggett, A. B.
Case, Victor
Hines
Hines
Ontario
Lakeview
Summer Lake
Burns
Summer Lake
Burns
Box 8
Box 237
Rte. 1, Box 433
Rte. 6, Box 262
6582
6251
NORTHEAST REGION
Reg. Supervisor
Dist. Game Agent
Dist. Game Agent
Dist. Game Agent
Dist. Game Agent
Dist. Game Agent
Habitat Agent
Game Farm Supt.
Mgr., Wenaha
Habitat Agent
Brown, W. H.
Morton, E. K.
Stein, Robert H.
Smith, C. E.
Ward, G. F.
Denney, Ralph
Ely, J. F.
Dickinson, R. C.
Scott, Harlan
Heintz, James
La Grande
Baker
Enterprise
Pendleton
Heppner
John Day
Pendleton
Hermiston
Troy
La Grande
Box 742
2670 Resort St.
501 River St.
1015 S. W. Frazer
Box 284
245 N. W. 1st St.
Star Rte., Mt.Hebron
Rte. 1, Box 100
CR 6-0744
JO 7-6566
Rte. 2, Box 116
WO 3-4808
Activity
Chief of Operations
Big Game
Upland Game
Fur & Mig. Birds
Habitat Improvement
Personnel
McKean, J. W.
Luman, I. D.
Mace, R. U.
Kebbe, C. E.
Stanton, F. W.
Rte.
Rte.
Rte.
Rte.
1, Box 325
1, Box 325
1, Box 28
2, Box 59
1544 Highland Way
1945 Hayes
Box 409
297 So. Harney
OR 3 -5373
OR 3 - 8682
SP 2 - 6087
3819
2-5113
2-1758
4- 3571
6- 2959
GI 2 -5553
2366
TU 2-1220
016-J-L
8107
WH 3 - 2717
6552
WH 3 - 2910
5645
WO 3 -4350
JA 3-4511
1661
CR 6-5260
6- 9195
109