•regon Agricultural Commodities
Farm Values and Processed Values
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■I
Extension Service and Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University
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Our cover: For this edition, we feature Oregon green snap beans—
the fresh beans that leave the farmer's gate and the bags of frozen
beans that customers find in markets. Oregon ranks second in the
U. S. in the production of green snap beans, and almost all of it is
processed (page 15).
Oregon Agricultural Commodities: Farm Values and Processed Values
S.D. Miles
The importance of agriculture in Oregon's economy is
dramatized by the farm sales
value, which is now $2 billion
annually. In addition, estimates
show $1.05 billion value
added to farm products by first
handlers in processing and/or
handling. While the term
"value added" is used in this
report, the dollar figures
received from the processors
include purchased items such as
packaging materials, fuel used
in transportation, etc. The
component figures presented
here do not represent values
all the way through the
marketing chain (these are
not estimates of wholesale or
retail values).
The data for this report
come from a combination of
sources. The "farm gate"
values are figures the OSU
Extension Service gathers each
year in cooperation with the
Oregon Agricultural Statistics
Service. "Farm gate" means
the dollars farmers and
ranchers receive for the sale of
raw commodities from their
operations. With these cash
receipts, operators must pay
their operating expenses, family living expenses, etc.
OSU's Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics conducted a survey to
gather dollar values for processing and handling of agricultural commodities. Survey
forms were sent to processors
and handlers. The form asked
for data on the costs for
payroll, packaging materials,
and other expenses for each
commodity. Data from this
survey are summarized by
commodity throughout the
following pages.
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Cash sales from Oregon
farms and ranches
were $2.0 billion in
1987. Total cash farm receipts
have shown dramatic increases—current sales are about
double the values of 10 years
ago. These figures need to be
tempered by the fact that
prices paid by farmers and
inflation in our economy also
have nearly doubled in this
period.
These increased dollar values are derived primarily from
increases in crop sales. In 1987,
crops accounted for 66% of
total sales; in 1971, this figure
was 53%. You'll find the
proportional increases in each
commodity grouping's summary table, which appears first
in each section.
The value added by processing and handling varies greatly
from one commodity to another. Fruits and vegetables
tend to be more highly
processed compared with
wheat, which is mostly transported to Portland for the
export market. Fruits, nuts,
and vegetables together
accounted for 3/i of the value
added by processing and
handling for all crops and
livestock products.
The Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics
has published reports concerning value added information at
4- to 5-year intervals. Summary
tables compare the current
survey results with those of
previous reports.
Stanley D. Miles, Extension
economist, Oregon State University. This publication is a
revision of Special Report 533.
Commodity summaries
Millions
of dollars
U00
1,000
/
900
/
800
/
700
t
,''
600
/
500
400 r "^
«*• * ■•-., ..'••
300
200 1 "
100
L-^
1971 72
73
74
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Agricultural sales from Oregon's farms and ranches
2,100
2,000
1,900
1,800
1,700
/
1,600
/
1,500
-Tota 1 sales /
1,400
/
1,300
f
/
1,200
Cro] 3 sales
75
r/
t
y
/
_>
/^
^ s^\
*.-' ''
-** -'
/
/
,'"
/
Livestock sales
, *• * 1 *«..
— ,.-•
.—t
■ ■ - ■
76
77
78
79
80
Years
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
Oregon farm and ranch commodity sales and value added by processing, by commodity groups, 1987
(dollars x $1000)
Livestock products
Meat animals
Dairy products
Poultry and eggs
Other livestock
and products
$ 389,951
183,213
61,487
44,132
Total livestock
678,783
Crops
Grain and hay
Fruits and nuts
Vegetables
Other crops
249,435
193,312
263,378
617,954
Total crops
All commodities
1,324,079
$2,002,862
Value added by processing .a
Total
processed
value
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Commodity
groups
Income
received
by producers
Payroll
$ 11,635
20,469
13,030
580
Packaging
materials
$
Other"
Total
$
33,164 $ 423,115
63,072
246,285
26,066
87,553
838
44,970
4,613
12,043
4,814
—
$ 16,916
30,560
8,222
258
45,714
21,470
55,956
123,140
801,923
20,700
54,410
143,261
83,570
—
44,223
91,394
6,580
28,140
149,383
233,654
72,280
48,840
248,016
468,309
162,430
298,275
441,328
731,687
780,384
927,595
2,251,674
301,941
142,197
483,457
3347,655
$163,667
$539,413
"Includes all the activities performed by processors or
first handlers, such as meat packers, canners, freezers—
or simply cleaning, grading, and sacking as in the case
of grass seeds. It also includes delivery when generally
practiced and costs associated with selling the product.
It does not include wholesaling and retailing.
$1,050,735 $3,053,597
""Includes all items not previously accounted for, such as
depreciation, utilities, repairs, insurance, supplies,
licenses, rent, taxes, bad-debt loss, and profit or margin
to the processing firm.
Farm and ranch commodity sales
and value added by processors,
by commodity groups, 1987
0
50
Millions of dollars
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
Crops
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Grains and hay
Fruits and nuts
Vegetables
Live$
Crops stock Million
Farm sales
66%
Value added
88%
Total processed value
34% $2,003
12% 1,051
$3,054
Livestock and poultry
Dairy products
Value added |
Farm value [
Other crops
Poultry and eggs
Other products
Meat animals
Oregon farm and ranch commodity sales and value added by processing for livestock and crops, selected
years (dollars x $1,000)
Years
1971
1975-77
Livestock
Farm and ranch sales
Value added from processing...
Total
$276,021
89,815
365,836
Crops
Farm and ranch sales
Valueadded from processing ...
Total
311,505
235,913
547,418
Totals
Farm and ranch sales
Valueadded from prpcessing ...
Total
587,526
325,728
$913,254
1983
1987
$ 362,110$ 582,310$ 678,783
86,110
104,821
123,140
448,220
687,131
801,923
% Change
1971-87
146
37
119
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Commodity groups
695,825
423,295
1,119,120
1,149,240
682,940
1,832,180
1,324,079
927,595
2,251,674
325
293
311
1,057,935 1,731,550 2,002,862
509,405
787,761 1,050,735
$1,567,340 $2,519,311 $3,053,597
241
223
234
Meat animals
slaughtered about one-fourth
the pounds of meat animals
they handled in 1971.
The cattle and calf business
continues to be one of Oregon's
most significant agricultural
enterprises primarily because
of the state's vast range
resources, but sheep and hog
numbers have trended downward. One of the drawbacks
to feeding cattle and hogs in
the state is the lack of local
feed grain production. Cattle
feeding in Oregon is closely
linked with the supply of byproduct feeds from the
agricultural processing industry in the state.
Sheep slaughter in Oregon in
1987 was about 3% of the
state's total production of
sheep and lambs.
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Receipts from the sale of
meat animals for 1987
were $390 million, an
increase of about 121 % from
1971. Cattle and calves are by
far the most significant in farm
sales value of all the livestock
categories, with receipts of
$340 million. Sheep and hogs
each accounted for $20 to $25
million.
Handling and processing
values beyond the farm gate
for meat animals are relatively
small. Value added ($33 million)
is proportionally less than for
most other commodity groupings, because many beef
animals are shipped out of
state for feeding prior to
slaughter.
The meatpacking and marketing business has seen significant change in the last 10 to 15
years. Oregon now brings in
from other states a larger
proportion of its fresh and
processed meats. In 1987,
Oregon meatpacking plants
Total received by producers for all meat animals
Total value added through packing and delivery
in Oregon
Total received by producers plus value added through
packing and delivery in Oregon
In the tables that follow,
multiply all dollar amounts by
1,000.
Received by producers
Cattle and calves
Sheep and lambs
Hogs
Total received by producers
$389,951
33,164
$423,115
$340,000
25,000
24,951
$389,951
Received by producers for livestock slaughtered in
Oregon (value/cwt; live weight x lbs. slaughtered)
Cattle($57.80 x 61,637,000)
$ 35,626
Calves($76.00 x 2,959,000)
2,249
Sheep and lambs ($70.95 x 82,200)
583
Hogs($53.20 X 42,126,000)
22,411
Total received by producers for slaughtered livestock .... $ 60,869
Value added through packing and processing8
Payroll
Packing materials
Other
Total value added through packing and delivery
Value added through transportation and handling of
livestock not slaughtered
Labor
Other
Value added in transportation and handling
$
6,587
4,613
6,668
$ 17,868
$
5,048
10,248
$ 15,296
"Value-added estimates are based on calculations in 1986 Annual Financial
Review of the Meal Packing Industry, published by the American Meat
Institute.
Meat animals—farm and ranch commodity sales and value added by
processing in Oregon, selected years (dollars X 1,000)
Years
1971
1975-1977
1983
1987
$176,810 $202,590 $310,710 $389,951
37,889
33,280
29,991
33,164
$214,699 $235,870 $340,701 $423,115
121%
-12%
97%
Dairy products
The value of milk sold by
Oregon dairy farmers
has remained fairly
constant over the last 5 years.
Cash receipts to dairy farmers
now total about $183 million:
60% of the milk is sold as fluid
product, and 40% is processed
into cheese, butter, ice cream,
etc.
The number of dairy cows
had shown a downward trend
over the years, from more than
200,000 in 1945 to slightly
more than 90,000 head in 1987.
Milk production has been
fairly constant because of
increased production per cow.
With new technology and
increases in prices paid by all
farmers, production costs have
shown substantial increases in
the dairy business.
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Item
Cash receipts
Value added
Total
% Change,
1971-1987
Given the changing technology, efficiencies are being
achieved in the processing and
handling of milk and milk
products. Because of this,
processing costs (even with
inflation) have shown only a
gradual increase.
In the tables that follow,
multiply all dollar amounts by
1,000.
Total received by producers for sales of milk
Total value added by processing and distribution
Total value of milk and milk products to market
$183,213
63,072
$246,285
$183,213
63,072
$246,285
Dairy products—farm and ranch commodity sales and value
added by processing in Oregon, selected years (dollars x 1,000)
Years
Item
Cash receipts
Value added
Total
10
1971
1975-1977
Egg production, with sales
of S25 million, accounts
for the largest share of
farm sales in the Oregon
poultry industry. Broiler production is second, with farm
sales of $22 million. The poultry
and egg business in Oregon
now generates $87 million
annually in processed products,
an increase of more than 90%
since 1971.
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Milk, 1987
Total cwt sold, 14,390,000 @ $12.70
Received by producers
Value added by processing and distribution
Payroll
$20,469
Packaging materials
12,043
Other
30,560
Total
Value ofmilk and milk products delivered to market
Poultry and eggs
1983
1987
$61,137 $ 98,000 $188,020 $183,213
38,600
37,740
56,400
63,072
$99,737 $135,740 $244,420 $246,285
% Change
1971-1987
200%
63%
147%
While turkey hatching-egg
production has dropped off
significantly, other types of
poultry production have shown
stability or gradual growth
trends. The poultry and egg
industry is characterized by
relatively large specialized
operations. This sector has
taken advantage of efficiencies
and economies of size that
have resulted in lower-cost
products for consumers.
In the tables that follow,
multiply all dollar amounts by
1,000.
Total received by producers
Total value added in processing
Total value after processing and delivery
$61,487
26,066
$87,553
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Broilers, 1987
Number of head sold—17,000,000 @ $1.32
Received by producers
Value added by processing and delivery
Payroll
$7,140
Packaging materials
1,790
Other
2,970
Total value added
Total value after processing and delivery
Eggs, 1987
Dozens sold—53,167,000 @ 46.2 cents
Received by producers
Value added by processing and distribution
Payroll
$2,930
Packaging materials
1,704
Other
2,942
Total value added
Total value after processing and delivery
Turkeys, 1987
Number of head sold—1,830,000 @ $6.80
Received by producers
Value added by processing and distribution
Payroll
$2,510
Packaging materials
1,120
Other
1,950
Total value added
Total value after processing and delivery
$22,372
11,900
$34,272
$12,526
Other poultry products, 1987a
Received by producers
Value added by processing and distribution
Payroll
Packaging materials
Other
Total value added
Total value after processing and delivery
$24,580
7,576
$32,156
$ 2,009
$ 450
200
360
1,010
$ 3,019
"Cull layers and turkey eggs.
5,580
$18,106
Poultry and eggs—farm and ranch commodity sales and value
added by processing in Oregon, selected years (dollars x 1,000)
Item
Cash receipts
Value added
Total
Years
1971
1975-1977
$32,543
13,026
$45,569
$50,440
14,770
$65,210
1983
1987
$59,380 $61,487
18,010 26,066
$77,390 $87,553
% Change
1971-1987
89%
100%
92%
11
Fruits and nuts
12
and The Dalles. Cherries for
fresh market are produced
primarily in the MiltonFreewater area. The Dalles,
Hood River, and Cove.
Strawberries, which rank
third, are grown primarily
in the Willamette Valley.
Fourth-ranked in 1987 was
Hazelnuts (filberts) with farm
sales of nuts at $20.6 million.
The sales of these nuts have
grown dramatically from
$7.8 million in 1977.
The fifth ranked fruit and
nut crop, by total dollar
volume, is apples. Production
is spread around the state, with
the Hood River area being the
most specialized.
The wine grape business is
becoming a more significant
part of agriculture. While
these grapes had only a $4.7
million farm gate value, value
added was $21.1 million. This
is one of the highest valueadded commodities in this
survey.
Other top value added
commodities have experienced
increases in their valueadded percentages in the last
few years. Pears had a value
added by processing and packing of 215% in 1987. Prunes
have a dramatic value added
ratio of 3.5 times farm gate
values.
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In 1987, growers received
about $193 million for
their fruit and nut crops.
The total value added to these
products from processing,
packing, and other first-step
marketing services was just
over $248 million, a 130%
increase over the farm-gate
value. The total value of
Oregon processed fruit and nut
products in 1987 was more
than $441 million, a 200%
increase over 1971.
The Oregon fruit and nut
industry has become very
specialized with production
concentrated in specific areas.
Pears, the largest total-dollarvolume fruit crop, are produced primarily in the Medford
and Hood River areas. Some
additional pear production
comes from the Willamette
Valley area.
The second highest totaldollar-volume crop is cherries.
They are produced for processing in the Willamette Valley
In the tables that follow,
multiply all dollar amounts by
1,000.
Total received by producers
Total value added in processing
Total value after processing and delivery
$193,312
248,016
$441,328
Pears, 1987
Total tons sold—228,000 @ $192
Received by producers
Value added by processing and packing
Payroll
Packaging materials
Other
Total value added
Total value after processing and packing
Sweet cherries, 1987
Total tons sold—50,000 @ $670
Received by producers
Value added by processing and packing
Payroll
Packaging materials
Other
Total value added
Total value after processing and packing
$ 31,520
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Strawberries, 1987
Total pounds sold—93,600,000 @ 33.7 cents
Received by producers
Value added by processing and handling
Payroll
$ 6,930
Packaging materials
3,780
Other
12,610
Total value added
Total value after processing and handling
Apples, 1987
Boxes sold, fresh and for processing—
4,888,000 @ $2.30
Received by producers
Value added by processing and packing
Payroll
Packaging materials
Other
Total value added
Total value after processing and delivery
23,320
$ 54,840
$ 43,868
$13,160
19,740
61,420
94,320
$138,188
$ 33,493
$ 11,145
$ 7,330
4,890
12,220
Cranberries, 1987
Total barrels produced—144,000 @ $53
Received by producers
Value added by handling and transportation
Payroll
$
Other
Total value added
Total value after handling and delivery
Peaches, 1987
48-pound boxes sold—290,000 @ $13.20
Received by producers
Value added by packing and distribution
Payroll
$
Other
Total value added
Total value after packing and delivery
24,440
$ 35,585
$
7,646
$
860
8,506
$
3,847
$
380
4,227
350
510
190
190
$10,380
5,020
20,100
35,500
$ 68,993
13
Plums and prunes, 1987
Total tons sold—17,000 @ $151
Received by producers
Value added by processing and handling
Payroll
Packaging materials
Other
Total value added
Total value after processing
Other berries, 1987a
Received by producers
Value added by processing and handling
Payroll
Packaging materials
Other
Total value added
Total value after processing and handling
$ 20,554
$ 3,906
643
10,470
15,019
$ 35,573
Wine grapes, 1987
Total tons sold—7,935 @ $589
Received by producers
Value added by processing
Payroll
Packaging materials
Other
Total value added
Total value after processing
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Hazelnuts, 1987
Total tons sold—21,200 @ $880
Received by producers
Value added by processing and handling
Payroll
Packaging materials
Other
Total value added
Total value after processing
$
2,571
$ 1,160
3,340
4,630
9,130
$ 11,701
4,675
$ 4,074
3,020
14,053
21,147
$ 25,822
Other fruits and nuts, 1987b
Received by producers
Value added by processing and handling
Payroll
Packaging materials
Other
Total value added
Total value after processing and handling
$
$
1,215
$
1,270
2,485
370
180
720
Walnuts, apricots, tart cherries and misc.
$ 32,778
$ 6,560
3,610
12,460
22,630
$ 55,408
Fruits and nuts—farm and ranch commodity sales and value added
by processing in Oregon, selected years (dollars x 1,000)
Item
"Blackberries, raspberries, boysenberries, loganberries, and blueberries.
14
$
Cash receipts
Value added
Total
1971
Years
1975-1977
1983
1987
$ 60,191 $ 90,600 $139,030 $193,312
88,903
100,550 194,340 248,016
$149,094 $191,150 $333,370 $441,328
"lo Change
1971-1987
221%
179%
196%
Vegetables
With the exception of onions,
which are mostly sold fresh, the
vegetable crops in 1987 had
value added in processing
and handling well over 100%
of the farm-gate value. Most
of the commodities had similar
percentage increases compared
to the 1983 period. The
exceptions were green peas,
cucumbers, and beets.
In the case of green peas, the
value added from processing
was $29.7 million, a 340%
increase over the grower value.
The value added to cucumbers by processing and handling was 322% above farm
value in 1987. That compared
to a 206% increase in 1983.
In 1987, the farm value for
cucumbers was $4.9 million,
while value added was $15.8
million.
Of special interest are beets.
In the 1975-1977 period, about
400% was added to the grower
value of beets in processing
operations. The growers' value
was about $2 million, while the
value added was about $7.9
million.
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Oregon has a good
reputation for producing high quality
vegetables for both fresh and
processed markets. A very
large portion of most crops is
processed. Oregon ranks second nationally in the production of snap beans, fourth in
sween corn, and fifth in
potatoes. Vegetable production has increased over the past
20 years, and Oregon's share
of the processed vegetable
market has been maintained.
In 1987, growers received a
total of almost $263 million for
their vegetables. Total value
added in processing and handling was about $468 million, a
178% increase in value above
the farm-gate level.
By 1987, that increase was
approaching 700%. The grower
value was just over $2.0
million. At the same time, the
value added from processing
had increased to over $14.8
million.
In the tables that follow,
multiply all dollar amounts by
1.000.
15
Total received by producers
Total value added by processing andhandling
Total value of processed and packaged vegetables
Sweet corn, 1987
Tons sold for processing—343,900 @ $64.20
Received by producers
Value added by processing
Payroll
$15,450
Packaging materials
16,550
Other
39,730
Total value added
Total value after processing
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Potatoes, 1987
Total cwt produced, fresh and for processing—
25,924,000 @ $3.00
Received by producers
Value added by handling and/or processing
Payroll
$61,329
Packaging materials
18,249
Other
71,443
Total value added
Total value of processed and packed crop
$263,378
468,309
$731,687
Onions, 1987
Total cwt sold—7,323,000 @ $8.55
Received by producers
Value added by grading, sacking, and handling
Payroll
$ 9,296
Packaging materials
5,451
Other
8,136
Total value added
Total value after processing and handling
16
$ 78,124
151,021
$229,145
$ 62,769
22,883
$ 85,652
Snap beans, 1987
Tons sold for processing—117,940 @ $178
Received by producers
Value added by processing
Payroll
$15,740
Packaging materials
14,700
Other
37,790
Total value added
Total value after processing
Green peas, 1987
Total tons sold—43,620 @ $200
Received by producers
Value added by processing
Payroll
Packaging materials
Other
Total value added
Total value after processing
$ 22,077
71,730
$ 93,807
$20,993
68,230
$ 89,223
$
8,724
$ 5,230
6,110
18,320
29,660
$ 38,384
25,490
$
7,534
4,020
2,810
9,300
16,130
$ 23,664
Carrots, 1987
Total tons sold (fresh and processed), 19,050
Received by producers
Value added by processing and handling
Payroll
$ 1,750
Packaging materials
1,910
Other
5,210
Total value added
Total value after processing and handling
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Cauliflower, 1987
Total tons sold (fresh and for processing),
Received by producers
Value added by processing and/or handling
Payroll
$
Packaging materials
Other
Total value added
Total value after processing and packaging
Cucumbers, 1987
Total tons sold (fresh and processed), 35,780
Received by producers
Value added by processing and handling
Payroll
$ 5,491
Packaging materials
3,646
Other
6,626
Total value added
Total value after processing and handling
Broccoli, 1987
Total tons sold (fresh and processed), 15,740
Received by producers
Value added by processing and handling
Payroll
$ 4,290
Packaging materials
3,060
Other
9,810
Total value added
Total value after processing and handling
$
4,902
15,763
$ 20,665
$
6,130
17,160
$ 23,290
Squash and pumpkins, 1987
Total tons sold (fresh and processed), 41,750
Received by producers
Value added by processing and handling
Payroll
$ 6,620
Packaging materials
6,210
Other
9,100
Total value added
Total value after processing and handling
Cabbage, 1987
Total tons sold (fresh and processed), 12,920
Received by producers
Value added by processing and handling
Payroll
$ 1,965
Packaging materials
1,348
Other
2,669
Total value added
Total value after processing and handling
$
3,471
8,870
$ 12,341
$
4,138
21,930
$ 26,068
$
2,148
$
5,982
8,130
17
Other vegetables, 1987a
Received by producers
Value added by processing and handling
Payroll
Packaging materials
Other
Total value added
Total value after processing and handling
$
2,123
14,760
$ 16,883
$ 40,245
$10,060
6,040
8,090
24,190
$ 64,435
'Fresh sweet corn, fresh snap beans, dry peas, dry beans, radishes,
asparagus, tomatoes, spinach, lettuce, cantaloupe, watermelon, rhubarb,
garlic, rutabaga, mushrooms, lima beans, and miscellaneous.
Vegetables—farm and ranch commodity sales and value added by
processing in Oregon, selected years (dollars x 1,000)
Years
Item
Cash receipts
Value added
Total
18
1971
1975-1977
Grain and hay
Wheat is the highest
farm gate value
crop produced in
Oregon. In recent years, production has been 50 to 60
million bushels, with over 85%
being exported. Hay is the
second most valuable crop, but
of the three million tons
produced, only about 930,000
tons are sold. The rest of the
hay is fed on the farms and
ranches where it is produced.
Cash receipts from hay and
grain sales for 1987 were $249
million, a 34% decrease since
1983. The decrease comes
mainly from lower wheat
prices. (These dollar values
do not include government
payments, which were significant for wheat in 1987.) Other
crops in this grouping include
barley (which has shown
declining acreage in the last
15 years), oats, and smaller
acreage of rye and corn for
grain and silage. Oregon is not
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Beets, 1987
Total tons sold (fresh and processed), 32,425
Received by producers
Value added by processing and handling
Payroll
$ 2,020
Packaging materials
5,310
Other
7,430
Total value added
Total value after processing and handling
1983
1987
S 72,378 $155,255 $221,610 $263,378
119,305 260,805 362,660 468,309
$191,683 $416,060 $584,270 $731,687
% Change
1971-1987
264%
293%
282%
known for its feed grain and
silage production.
Value added to the crops in
this section comes primarily
from transportation and handling. .. although there is some
wheat milling and forage
processing (pellets and cubes)
in the state. The percentage
increases in value added have
changed dramatically over
recent years. Production is
much greater and value added
costs have increased proportionally more than crop
prices. Also, the value added
estimate for wheat for 1987
includes transportation to the
Port of Portland for the
amount exported. More of the
hay for sale in recent years has
been produced in concentrated
areas and hauled longer distances. For example, some of
the hay grown in Hermiston is
trucked to Tillamook.
In the tables that follow,
multiply all dollar amounts by
1,000.
Total received by producers'
Total value added by processing
Total value after processing and delivery
$249,435
48,840
$298,275
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Wheat, 1987
Total bushels sold—51,450,000 @ $2.70
Received by producers
Value added by transportation and handling
Payroll
$10,290
Other
15,430
Total value added
Value of crop delivered to market
Oats, 1987
Total bushels sold—4,080,000 @ $1.70
Received by producers
Value added by transportation and handling
Payroll
$
Other
Total value added
Value ofcrop delivered to market
Barley, 1987
Total bushels sold— 13,760,000 @ $ 1.90
Received by producers
Value added by transportation and handling
Payroll
$ 1,540
Other
2,310
Total value added
Value ofcrop delivered to market
Hay, 1987
Total tons sold—933,740 @ $67
Received by producers
Value added by transportation and handling
Payroll
$ 7,470
Other
8,400
Total value added
Value ofcrop delivered to market
$138,900
■ 25,720
$ 164,620
$ 26,150
3,850
$ 30,000
Corn, 1987
Total bushels sold—3,010,000 @ $2.05
Received by producers
Value added by transportation and handling
Payroll
$
Other
Total value added
Value ofcrop delivered to market
$
6,935
$
610
7,545
$
6,177
$
670
6,847
$
8,775
240
370
270
400
Other grain and forage, 1987
Received by producers
Value added by transportation and handling
Payroll
$ 890
Other
1,230
Total value added
Value ofcrop delivered to market
2,120
$ 10,895
$ 62,498
15,870
$ 78,368
'Does not include any government payments.
19
Grain and hay—farm and ranch commodity sales and value added
by processing in Oregon, selected years (dollars x 1,000)
Years
Cash receipts
Value added
Total
20
1971
$83,201
10,719
$93,920
1975-1977
1983
1987
$231,700 $379,230 $249,435
26,380
44,280
48,840
$258,080 $423,510 $298,275
200%
356%
218%
Other crops
The "Other Crops" listed
in this section are
becoming increasingly
important in Oregon. This
category has shown significant
and steady gains over the last
10 years. Grass and legume
seed crops now generate $170
million in farm sales annually.
Nursery and greenhouse
production has shown dramatic increases in the last few
years, primarily in the northern Willamette Valley. Farm
value is now over $200
million and increasing. The
value of timber cut on farms
and small woodlots also is
increasing with improved
management techniques and
higher prices.
Mint production had been
increasing because of recently
higher prices to the point of
generating farm value of $40
million in 1987. Oregon
produces more than 50% of
the peppermint oil in the
United States.
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Item
% Change
1971-1987
Of the other crops in this
group, hop production has
been increasing in recent years;
Christmas trees have shown
steadily increasing production,
with good markets in California
and other states. Sugar beet
production is quite stable with
production only in Malheur
county because of access to a
processing plant.
In the tables that follow,
multiply all dollar amounts by
1,000.
Total received by producers
Total value added by processing
Total value after processing and handling
$617,954
162,430
$780,384
5173,067
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Grass and legume seeds, 1987'
Received by producers
Value added by cleaning, sacking, and handling
Payroll
$11,250
Packaging materials
6,580
Other
22,150
Total
Valueofcropdelivered to market
Mint, 1987
Pounds of oil sold—2,563,000 @ $12.50
Received by producers
Value added by transportation and handling
Payroll
$ 1,920
Other
1,270
Total value added
Value ofcrop delivered to market
Nursery, greenhouse, and specialty horticulture, 1987
Received by producers
Value added by transportation and handling
Payroll
$11,420
Other
9,350
Total value added
Value ofcrop delivered to market
Farm forestry, 1987
Received by producers
Value added by processing and/or exporting
Payroll
$43,710
Other
29,130
Total value added
Value of timber, processed or at export
39,980
$213,047
$207,710
20,770
$228,480
$ 104,060
Sugar beets, 1987
Total tons sold—425,000 @ $36
Received by producers
Value added by transportation, storage and processing
Payroll
$ 6,140
Other
4,610
Total value added
Value of processed crop
Hops, 1987
Pounds sold—8,880,000 @ $1.80
Received by producers
Value added by handling and storage
Payroll
Other
Total value added
Value ofcrop delivered to market
$ 31,939
3,190
$ 35,129
$ 15,300
10,750
$ 26,050
$ 15,840
$
790
480
1,270
$ 17,110
72,840
$176,900
"Bentgrass, bluegrass, chewings fescue, tall fescue, red fescue, all ryegrass,
orchardgrass, hairy vetch, crimson clover, red clover, alfalfa, white clover, and
miscellaneous grass seeds.
21
b
Miscellaneous field crops, 1987
Received by producers
Value added by processing and handling
Payroll
Other
Total value added
Value of processed products
$ 48,250
9,490
$ 57,740
$ 21,788
$ 2,400
1,740
4,140
$ 25,928
Sugar beet seed, vegetable and flower seeds, radish seed, mint root stock,
dill for oil, and miscellaneous.
22
Miscellaneous
livestock
Although the amount of
wool sold in Oregon
in 1987 was down
about 15% from 1983, a somewhat higher price more than
compensated and returned a
few more dollars to sheep
producers. In light of the
continuing decline in Oregon
sheep numbers, the relative
constancy of the wool crop size
implies higher per-head wool
weights and improved marketing of the crop.
The value of Oregon's 1987
mink sales was substantially
higher than the 1983 average, a
result of both a larger number
of pelts sold and a higher
price to growers.
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Christinas trees, 1987
Trees sold—5,274,000 @ $9.10
Received by producers
Value added by transportation and handling
Payroll
$ 5,940
Other
3,550
Total value added
Value ofcrop delivered to market
The value of farm and ranch
sales of Oregon horses alone in
1987 was twice what the total
value of "other livestock and
livestock products" was for
the 1975-1977 period (which
included horses).
While the estimates are not
very precise, llama sales make
up most of the other miscellaneous livestock figures.
Central Oregon (Redmond
area) has become the primary
area for production and
expertise for Hams in the
United States.
In the tables that follow,
multiply all dollar amounts by
1,000.
Wool, 1987
Total pounds sold—2,876,000 @ lit
Received by producers
Value added by grading, handling, and
marketing (5 cents/lb)
Payroll
Other
Total value added
Value ofcrop delivered to market
Mink, 1987
Number of pelts sold—236,000 @ $42
Received by producers
Value added by marketing costs
(6-8% of farm value)
Payroll
Other
Total value added
Value of crop delivered to market
Horses, 1987
Farm and ranch sales
$44,132
838
$44,970
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Total received by producers
Total value added by handling
Total value after processing and handling
$ 2,042
$ 86
58
_ 144
$ 2,186
S 9,912
$494
200
694
$ 10,606
$16,400
Honey, 1987
Farm value
$ 1,224
Other livestock and livestock products, 1987"
Farm and ranch sales
$14,554
Trade-name products are illustrated as examples only. This does
not mean that the OSU Extension Service either endorses these
products or intends to discriminate against products not mentioned.
Extension Service, Oregon State University, Corvallis, O. E. Smith,
director. This publication was produced and distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914. Extension
work is a cooperative program of Oregon State University, the U.S.
Department of Agriculture, and Oregon counties.
Oregon State University Extension Service offers educational
programs, activities, and materials—without regard to race, color,
national origin, sex, age, or disability—as required by Title VI of the
Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title IX of the Education Amendments of
1972, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Oregon
State University Extension Service is an Equal Opportunity Employer.
"Rabbits, hatchery sales, llamas, misc. poultry, and other livestock.
23
Oregon
University
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