Inequality and Development in a Globalizing World—Syllabus
Nancy Birdsall
Spring 2006
SAIS Bologna
Description
Primarily economic analysis of the consequences of inequality in the developing world, and of
the effects of increasingly open trade and capital markets on poverty and on inequality within
and across countries. Effects of within-country inequality on economic growth and on
development of human and social capital and political institutions. Implications of global
markets, including market failures, for inequality within developing countries and between
developed and developing countries. Effects of global market imperfections and failures and
of differences across countries in economic power on trade, capital, international migration
and other global regimes. Concept of global social contract: Role of global economic
institutions (IMF, World Bank, bilateral aid programs) in addressing unequal opportunity and
global market failures.
Course outline
Introduction
Part I. Does within-country inequality (or only poverty) matter for development?
Part II. Is globalization (open markets) reducing inequality within countries? Across
countries? Are open markets good for development?
Part III. Are global rules and institutions reducing global inequality and advancing
development?
1
INTRODUCTION
Week 1. The debate about globalization, poverty and inequality
Optimists
Bhagwati, Jagdish. 2004. In Defense of Globalization. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Bhalla, Surjit. 2002. Imagine There's No Country. Poverty, Inequality, and Growth in the Era of
Globalization. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.
http://bookstore.iie.com/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=348
Dollar, David. 2004. "Globalization, Poverty, and Inequality Since 1980." World Bank Policy
Research Working Paper 3333.
http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469382&piP
K=64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000112742_20040928090739
Sala-i-Martin, Xavier. 2002. “The World Distribution of Income (estimated from individual
country distributions).” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 8933.
Wolf, Martin. 2004. Why Globalization Works. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Doubters and/or data driven
Bardhan, Pranab. 2005. “Globalization, Inequality and Poverty: An Overview” University of
California, Berkeley.
http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/macarthur/inequality/papers/BardhanGlobalOverview.pdf
Bourguignon, Francois, and Christian Morrison. 2002. “Inequality Among World
Citizens: 1820-1992.” American Economic Review 92(4): 727-44.
Lindert, Peter H. and Jeffrey G. Williamson. 2001. "Does Globalization Make the World More
Unequal?" National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 8228.
Milanovic, Branko. 2002. “Can We Discern the Effect of Globalization on Income Distribution?
Evidence from Household Budget Surveys." World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2876.
http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469382&piP
K=64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000094946_0209060421403
Pritchett, Lant. 1995. “Divergence, Big Time.” World Bank Policy Research Paper 1522.
http://wdsbeta.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/1995/10/01/00
0009265_3961019150217/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf
Pessimists
Cornia, Giovanni, Andrea. 2003. “The Impact of Liberalisation and Globalisation on Income
Inequality in Developing and Transitional Economies.” CESIFO Working Paper 843.
http://www.cesifo.de/pls/guestci/download/CESifo%20Working%20Papers%202003/CESifo
%20Working%20Papers%20January%202003%20/cesifo_wp843.pdf
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Stiglitz, Joseph. 2002. Globalization and Its Discontents. New York, NY: Norton & Company, Inc.
Wade, Robert. 2004. “Is Globalization Reducing Poverty and Inequality?” World Development
32(4): 567-589.
NEF. 2006. "Growth Isn't Working. The Unbalanced Distribution of Benefits and Costs from
Economic Growth." National Economics Foundation Report.
http://www.neweconomics.org/gen/uploads/hrfu5w555mzd3f55m2vqwty502022006112929.pd
f
Websites
ActionAid
http://www.actionaid.org
Center for Global Development
http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/globalization
Globalization and Inequality Group hosted by the Brookings Institution and the Center for
Global Development
http://www.brookings.edu/gs/research/projects/glig/glig_hp.htm
Oxfam
http://www.oxfam.org/eng
World Bank Globalization page
http://www1.worldbank.org/economicpolicy/globalization/index.html
PART I: DOES WITHIN-COUNTRY INEQUALITY (OR ONLY POVERTY)
MATTER FOR DEVELOPMENT?
Week 2: Inequality (and Poverty, Mobility, Equity, Capacities, Opportunity): Concepts,
Data, Relationships
World Bank. 2001. World Development Report 2000/01: Attacking Poverty. (Overview chapter).
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPOVERTY/Resources/WDR/overview.pdf
World Bank. 2005. World Development Report 2006: Equity and Development, (Overview chapter).
http://wdsbeta.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2005/09/20/00
0112742_20050920110826/additional/841401968_200508263001833.pdf
Inter-American Development Bank. 1999. Facing Up to Inequality in Latin America. (Overview
chapter).
http://www.iadb.org/res/index.cfm?fuseaction=Publications.View&pub_id=B-1998-1999
Milanovic, Branko. 2005. “Worlds Apart: Measuring International and Global Inequality.” Princeton,
NJ: Princeton University Press.
Deaton, Angus. 2003. “Measuring Poverty.” Princeton University.
http://wws.princeton.edu/rpds/downloads/deaton_povertymeasured.pdf
Frank, Robert. 2005. “Are Concerns About Relative Income Relevant for Public Policy?
Positional Externalities Cause Large and Preventable Welfare Losses.” American Economic Review
95(2): 137-141.
3
Behrman, Jere. 2000. “Social Mobility: Concepts and Measurement.” In Birdsall and Graham,
eds., New Markets, New Opportunities? Economic and Social Mobility in a Changing World. Washington,
DC: The Brookings Institution.
Easterlin, Richard. 1995. “Will Raising the Incomes of All Increase the Happiness of All?” Journal
of Economic Behavior and Organization 27(1): 35-47.
Graham, Carol and Andrew Felton. 2005. “Does Inequality Matter to Individual Welfare. An
Initial Exploration Based on Happiness Surveys from Latin America.” CSED Working Paper,
No. 38 http://www.brook.edu/es/dynamics/papers/csed_wp38.pdf
Sen, Amartya. 1992. Inequality Reexamined. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Chapter 3
on capabilities).
Sen, Amartya K. 1990. “Development as Capability Expansion.” In Griffin and Knight, eds.,
Human Development and the International Development Strategy for the 1990s. London, UK:
MacMillan.
Pogge, Thomas W. and Sanjay G. Reddy. 2003. “Unknown: The Extent, Distribution, and Trend
of Global Income Poverty.”
http://www.brookings.edu/gs/research/projects/glig/glig_pogge.pdf
Ravallion, Martin. 2005. “A Poverty-Inequality Trade-Off?” World Bank Policy Research
Working Paper 3579.
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=722922#PaperDownload
Ravallion, Martin. 1997. “Can High Inequality Countries Escape Absolute Poverty?” Economic
Letters 56(1): 51-57. http://www.worldbank.org/research/peg/wps11/elastic.pdf
Birdsall, Nancy and Carol Graham. 2000. “Mobility and Markets: Conceptual Issues and Policy
Questions,” in Birdsall and Graham, eds., New Markets, New Ideas: Economic and Social Mobility in a
Changing World. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press and Carnegie Endowment.
Kanbur, Ravi. 2004. “Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: Some Hard Questions.” Cornell
University. http://www.arts.cornell.edu/poverty/kanbur/GroIneqPov.pdf
Galbraith, James and Hyunsub Kum. 2002. “Inequality and Economic Growth: Data
Comparisons and Econometric Tests.” University of Texas Inequality Project Working Paper 21.
http://utip.gov.utexas.edu/papers/utip_21rv.pdf
Morley, Samuel A. 1995. Poverty and Inequality in Latin America: The Impact of Adjustment
and Recovery in the 1980s. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.
Websites
WIDER (World Institute for Development Economics Research)
http://www.wider.unu.edu
UN Millennium Development Goal Indicators Database
http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/mi/mi_goals.asp
Transmonee Database http://www.unicef-icdc.org/resources/transmonee.html
World Bank Inequality Around the World page http://www.worldbank.org/research/inequality
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World Bank Poverty Net
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTPOVERTY/0,,menuPK:336
998~pagePK:149018~piPK:149093~theSitePK:336992,00.html
World Bank EdStat Database
http://devdata.worldbank.org/edstats/about_data.asp
University of Texas Inequality Project (UTIP)
http://utip.gov.utexas.edu
Week 3: Inequality and Growth: Theory and Evidence
World Bank. 2005. World Development Report 2006: Equity and Development, (selective reading).
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTRESEARCH/EXTWDRS
/EXTWDR2006/0,,menuPK:477658~pagePK:64167702~piPK:64167676~theSitePK:477642,00
.html
Lundberg, Mattias and Lyn Squire. 2003. “The Simultaneous Evolution of Growth and
Inequality.” The Economic Journal 113(487): 326-344.
Aghion, Philppe, Eve Caroli, and Cecilia Garcia-Penalosa. 1999. “Inequality and Economic
Growth: The Perspective of the New Growth Theories.” Journal of Economic Literature 37: 16151660.
Barro, Robert. 2000. “Inequality and Growth in a Panel of Countries.” Journal of Economic Growth
5(1): 5-32.
Birdsall, Nancy, David Ross and Richard Sabot. 1995. “Inequality and Growth Reconsidered:
Lessons from East Asia.” World Bank Economic Review 9(3): 477-508.
Alesina, Alberto and Dani Rodrik. 1994. ”Distributive Politics and Economic Growth.” Quarterly
Journal of Economics 109(2). (also National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 3668.)
Forbes, Kristin. 2000. “A Reassessment of the Relationship Between Inequality and Growth.”
American Economic Review 90(4): 869-887.
Easterly, William. 2002. “Inequality Does Cause Underdevelopment: New Evidence.” Center for
Global Development Working Paper 1.
http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2789
Banerjee, Abhijit V. and Esther Duflo. 2003. “Inequality and Growth: What Can the Data Say?”
MIT. http://econ-www.mit.edu/faculty/download_pdf.php?id=445
Week 4: Other Consequences of Inequality: Human and Social Capital
Birdsall, Nancy and Juan Luis Londono. 1997. “Asset Inequality Matters: An Assessment of the
World Bank's Approach to Poverty Reduction.” American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings
87(2): 32-37.
Carter, Michael R. 2000. “Land Ownership, Inequality and the Income Distribution
Consequences of Economic Growth.” WIDER Working Paper 201.
http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/wp201.pdf
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de Janvry, Alain and Elizabeth Sadoulet. 2000. “Growth, Poverty and Inequality in Latin
America: A Causal Analysis, 1970-94.” In Nora Lustig, ed., Shield the Poor: Social Protection in the
Developing World. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Birdsall, Nancy and Arvind Subramanian. 2004. “Saving Iraq from Its Oil.” Foreign Affairs
July/August.
Lindert, Peter H.2004. Growing Public. Social Spending and Economic Growth since the Eighteenth Century.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Glaeser, Edward L. David Laibson, and Bruce Sacerdote. 2002. “The Economic Approach to
Social Capital.” Harvard Institute of Economic Research Discussion Paper Number 1916.
http://post.economics.harvard.edu/hier/2001papers/HIER1916.pdf
Week 5: Limited Political Capital (“Institutions”): Cause or Consequence of Inequality?
Engerman, Stanley L. and Kenneth L. Sokoloff. 2002. “Factor Endowments, Inequality, and
Paths of Development Among New World Economies.” National Bureau of Economic Research
Working Paper 9259.
Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson. 2004. “Institutions as the Fundamental
Cause of Long-Run Growth.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 10481.
Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson. 2002. “Reversal of Fortune: Geography
and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution.” Quarterly Journal of
Economics 117: 1231-1294.
Glaeser, Edward L., Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, and Andrei Scheifer. 2004. “Do
Institutions Cause Growth?” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 10568.
http://post.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/glaeser/papers/Institutions_Growth.pdf
Easterly, William. 2000. “The Middle Class Consensus and Economic Development.” World
Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2346.
http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469382&piP
K=64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000094946_00062005301380
Birdsall, Nancy, Carol Graham, and Stefano Pettinato. 2000. “Stuck in the Tunnel: Is
Globalization Muddling the Middle Class.” Center on Social and Economic Dynamics Working
Paper 14. http://www.brook.edu/es/dynamics/papers/middleclass/middleclass.pdf
Birdsall, Nancy. 2002. “From Social Policy to an Open-Economy Social Contract in Latin
America.” Center for Global Development Working Paper 21.
http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2769
Milanovic, Branko and Shlomo Yitzhaki. 2001. “Decomposing World Income Distribution: Does
the World Have a Middle Class?” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2562.
http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&piPK=64165421&menu
PK=64166093&theSitePK=469372&entityID=000094946_01032007445640
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PART II: IS GLOBALIZATION (OPEN MARKETS) REDUCING INEQUALITY
WITHIN COUNTRIES? ACROSS COUNTRIES? IS IT GOOD FOR
DEVELOPMENT?
Week 6: Inequality and Open Markets: Trade
Birdsall, Nancy and Amar Hamoudi. 2002. “Commodity Dependence, Trade, and Growth: When
‘Openness’ Is Not Enough.” Center for Global Development Working Paper 7.
http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2783
Rodrik, Dani. 1997. Has Globalization Gone Too Far? Washington DC: Institute for International
Economics. http://bookstore.iie.com/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=57
Wei, Shang-Jin. 2000. “Natural Openness and Good Government.” National Bureau of
Economic Research Working Paper 7765.
Krueger, Anne. 1974. “The Political Economy of the Rent Seeking Society.” American Economic
Review 64(3): 291-303.
Milanovic, Branko and Lyn Squire. 2005. “Does Tariff Liberalization Increase Wage Inequality?
Some Empirical Evidence.” World Bank Policy Research Paper 3571.
http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469382&piP
K=64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000012009_20050425134759
Goldberg, Pinelopi Koujianou and Nina Pavcnik. 2004. “Trade, Inequality, and Poverty: What
Do We Know? Evidence from Recent Trade Liberalization Episodes in Developing Countries.”
National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 10593.
Cline, William. 2004. Trade and Global Poverty. Washington, DC: Institute for International
Economics and Center for Global Development.
http://bookstore.iie.com/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=379
Dollar, David and Aart Kraay. 2001. “Trade, Growth, and Poverty” World Bank Policy Research
Paper 2615.
http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469382&piP
K=64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000094946_02082304142939
Dollar, David and Aart Kraay. 2002. “Growth is Good for the Poor.” World Bank Policy
Resarch Working Paper 2587.
http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&piPK=64165421&menu
PK=64166093&theSitePK=469372&entityID=000094946_01042806383524
Behrman, Jere, Nancy Birdsall, and Miguel Szekely. 2001. “Economic Policy and Wage
Differentials in Latin America.” Center for Global Development Working Paper 29.
http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2761
Easterly, William. 2004. “Globalization, Poverty, and All That: Factor Endowment versus
Productivity Views.” Prepared for NBER Globalization Workshop, September.
http://www.nber.org/books/glob-pov/easterly10-29-04.pdf
Website
Ann Harrison’s Poverty, Inequality, and Globalization page
http://are.berkeley.edu/~harrison/globalpoverty/index.html
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Week 7: Mid-term exam
Week 8: Inequality and Open Capital Markets
Birdsall, Nancy. 2005. “Stormy Days on an Open Field: Asymmetries in the Global Economy.”
In George Mavrotas and Anthony Shorrocks, Eds., Advancing Development. Core Themes in Global
Economics. Basingstoke: Palgrave McMillan Ltd. Also, Center for Global Development Working
Paper 81. http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/6284/
Arestis, Philip and Asena Caner .2004. “Financial Liberalization and Poverty: Channels of
Influence.” The Levy Economics Institute Working Paper 411.
http://www.levy.org/pubs/wp/411.pdf
Lustig, Nora. 2000. “Crises and the Poor: Socially Responsible Macroeconomics.” InterAmerican Development Bank Sustainable Development Department Technical Papers Series.
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=214994
Birdsall, Nancy and John Nellis. 2003. “Winners and Losers: Assessing the Distributional Impact
of Privatization.” World Development 31(10): 1617-1633.
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=313861
Loungani, Prakash and Assaf Razin. 2001. “How Beneficial Is Foreign Direct Investment for
Developing Countries?” Finance & Development 38(2).
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2001/06/loungani.htm
Moran, Theodore. 1998. Foreign Direct Investment and Development: The New Policy Agenda for
Developing Countries and Economies in Transition. Washington, DC: Institute for International
Economics. Selected chapters available at
http://bookstore.iie.com/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=53
World Bank. 1998/1999. Global Economic Prospects and the Developing Countries. Beyond Financial Crisis.
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTGEP99OR98/Resources/9899fulltext.pdf
Easterly, William, Roumeen Islam and Joseph Stiglitz. 2000. “Shaken and Stirred: Explaining
Growth Volatility.” Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics. Washington, DC:
World Bank.
Prasad, Eswar, Kenneth Rogoff, Shang-Jin Wei, and Ayhan Kose. 2004. “Financial Globalization,
Growth and Volatility in Developing Countries.” National Bureau of Economic Research
Working Paper 10942.
Beck, Thorsten, Asli Demirguc-Kunt, and Ross Levine. ”Finance, Inequality, and Poverty: CrossCountry evidence.” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3338.
http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469382&piP
K=64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000112742_20040723123757
Frankel, Jeffery A. and Eduardo A. Cavallo. 2004. “Does Openness to Trade Make Countries
More Vulnerable to Sudden Stops, or Less? Using Gravity to Establish Causality.” National
Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 10957.
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Honohan, Patrick. 2005. “Banking Sector Crises and Inequality.” World Bank Policy Research
Working Paper 3659.
http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469382&piP
K=64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000016406_20050706095327
Pfeffermann, Guy. 2002. “Why Latin America Stays Trapped.” The Globalist, November 21.
http://www.theglobalist.com/research/papers/pfeffermann2.shtml
Dervis, Kemal and Nancy Birdsall. 2005. “A Stability and Growth Facility.” Paper presented at
the Conference on IMF Reform, Institute for International Economics, September 23.
http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/dervis-birdsall0905imf.pdf
Week 9. Asymmetric Globalization: Global Rules and Global Inequality
(Trade, TRIPS, Global Warming, Migration)
UNDP. 2001. Human Development Report 2001. Making New Technologies Work for Human
Development., Chapter 5. http://www.undp.org/hdr2001/completenew.pdf
Lanjouw, Jean O. 2002. “Intellectual Property and the Availability of Pharmaceuticals in Poor
Countries.” Center for Global Development Working Paper 5.
http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2785
Lanjouw, Jean O. 2005. ”Patents, Price Controls and Access to New Drugs: How Policy Affects
Global Market Entry.” Center for Global Development Working Paper 61.
http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2679
OECD. 2003. Poverty and Climate Change: Reducing the Vulnerability of the Poor through Adaptation, Vol.
1 and Vol. 2. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/60/27/2502872.pdf and
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/19/56/4494574.pdf
Oxfam International. 2002. Rigged Rules and Double Standards. Trade, Globalization, and the Fight
Against Poverty. Washington, DC: Oxfam International.
http://www.maketradefair.com/assets/english/report_english.pdf
Rodrik, Dani. 2001. “The Global Governance of Trade As If Development Really Mattered.”
Background paper to the UNDP project on Trade and Sustainable Human Development. New
York: UNDP.
http://www.undp.org/poverty/docs/pov_globalgovernancetrade_pub.pdf
Commander, Simon, Mari Kangasniemi, and L. Alan Winters. 2003. “The Brain Drain: Curse or
Boon?” IZA Discussion Paper 809. ftp://repec.iza.org/RePEc/Discussionpaper/dp809.pdf
Bhagwati, Jagdish. 2004. In Defense of Globalization. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Cline, William. 2003. “Trading Up: Trade Policy and Global Poverty.” Center for Global
Development Brief. http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2856
Elliott, Kimberley. 2005. “Delivering on DOHA.” Center for Global Development Brief.
http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/4998
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Kapur, Devesh and John McHale. 2005. Give Us Your Best and Brightest. Washington,
DC: Center for Global Development.
http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/4415#Chap
Websites
World Watch Institute
http://www.worldwatch.org/
OECD on Climate Change
http://www.oecd.org/department/0,2688,en_2649_34361_1_1_1_1_1,00.html
Migration Policy Institute
http://www.migrationpolicy.org/
World Trade Organisation
http://www.wto.org/
Week 10: Globalization and Inequality: Revisiting the Debate
Aisbett, Emma. 2003. “Globalization, Poverty and Inequality: Are the Criticisms Vague, Vested,
or Valid?” Prepared for the NBER Pre-conference on Globalization, Poverty and Inequality
October 24-25.
http://are.berkeley.edu/~harrison/globalpoverty/aisbett_globalization.pdf
See readings week 1.
PART III: GLOBAL INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT
Week 11: Debt, Aid and Aid Effectiveness
Azariadis, Costas and John Starchurski .2004. “Poverty Traps?” Prepared for the Handbook of
Economic Growth. http://emlab.berkeley.edu/users/chad/azstach.pdf
Birdsall, Nancy and John Williamson. 2002. Delivering on Debt Relief: From IMF Gold to a New Aid
Architecture. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development and Institute for International
Economics. http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2922
Radelet, Steven. Forthcoming. “Foreign Aid.” Chapter 14 in Perkins, Radelet, Snodgrass, Gillis,
and Roemer, Economics of Development. 6th edition. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
Clemens, Michael, Steven Radelet and Rikhil Bhavnani. 2004. “Counting Chickens When They
Hatch: The Short-term Effect of Aid on Growth.” Center for Global Development Working
Paper 44. http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2744
Burnside, Craig and David Dollar. 1997. ”Aid, Policies, and Growth.” World Bank Policy
Research Working Paper 569252. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=569252
Rajan, Raghuram G. and Arvind Subramanian. “What Undermines Aid’s Impact on Growth?”
IMF Working Paper 05/126. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2005/wp05126.pdf
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Sachs, Jeffrey D., John W. McArthur, Guido Schmidt-Traub, Margaret Kruk, Chandrika Bahadur,
Michael Faye, and Gordon McCord. 2004. “Ending Africa’s Poverty Trap.”
http://www.cefe.net/forum/EndingAfricasPovertyTrap.pdf
Kraay, Aart and Claudio E. Raddatz. 2005. “Poverty Traps, Aid, and Growth.” World Bank
Policy Working Paper 3631. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=756944 PaperDownload
Easterly, William. 2005. “Reliving the 50s: the Big Push, Poverty Traps, and Takeoffs in
Economic Development.” Center for Global Development Working Paper 65.
http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/3486
Birdsall, Nancy, David Ross, and Richard Sabot, 1997. “Education, Growth and Inequality.” In
Birdsall and Jaspersen, eds., Pathways to Growth: Comparing East Asia and Latin America.
Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.
United Nations Millennium Project. 2004. Investing in Development: A Practical Plan to Achieve the
Millennium Development Goals.
http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/documents/MainReportComplete-lowres.pdf
Week 12: The Global Social Contract, Global Governance and Global Public Goods
Birdsall, Nancy. 2003. “Why It Matters Who Runs the IMF and the World Bank.” Center for
Global Development Working Paper 22.
http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2768
Dervis, Kemal with Ceren Özer. 2004. A Better Globalization. Legitimacy, Governance, and Reform.
Washington, DC: Center for Global Development.
http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2808
Birdsall, Nancy, Stijn Claessens and Isaac Diwan. 2002. “Policy Selectivity Foregone: Debt and
Donor Behavior in Africa.” Center for Global Development Working Paper 17.
http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2773
Levine, Ruth and the What Works Working Group with Molly Kinder. 2004. Millions Saved: Proven
Successes in Global Health. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development.
Levine, Ruth, Michael Kremer and Alice Albright. 2005. Making Markets for Vaccines: Ideas to
Action. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development.
http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/vaccinedevelopment/chapters
Birdsall, Nancy. 2002. “Asymmetric Globalization: Global Markets Require Good Global
Politics.” Center for Global Development Working Paper 12.
http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2775
Birdsall, Nancy, Dani Rodrik and Arvind Subramanian. 2005. “How to Help Poor Countries.”
Foreign Affairs July/August.
Websites
International Task Force on Global Public Goods
http://www.gpgtaskforce.org/bazment.aspx
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UNDP Office of Development Studies Providing Global Public Goods
http://www.globalpublicgoods.org
Bretton Woods Project
http://www.brettonwoodsproject.org/
Inter-American Development Bank regional public goods
http://www.iadb.org/int/rtc/bpr/index.cfm?language=English
Global Policy Forum
http://www.globalpolicy.org/
Week 13: Globalization and Inequality: East Asia, Latin America, Africa
Websites
Asian Development Bank
http://www.adb.org
African Development Bank
http://www.afdb.org
Inter-American Development Bank
http://www.iadb.org
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