.'in TIonorf' 'Phesis (ID 499)
by
JOf'euh IJo '.Vert
BalJ
~tate
Univer~ity
j\f_UliCi e, Indiana
I
V!i~at
it
v:iph to eXYJrep"o,:y C,,[,ti tude to
l·
c,
~
-
r. Dor()thy Ru_do-:1i,
.
------------._--
arE" eeneci <: 11v
neriod
f'
eV8re
')::1
tech~ically.
, j')
1 1. r;
"
2
Gerald
Prepide~ts
These peven
class ifica ti ons wLic h .Ta:"eF,
renresent the four character
.)r:
since Theodore Hoopevelt :in:
vid Parber has :jut t
1
--:,
e "Pres idents
~\.ctive-nosj.tive,\ctive-n(-::d~ive,
Pas.sive-nos·itive, and P,1.ff::'ive-net·3tive. 'Pv'o nre renrese21.ted
from eqC1
catq~ory
excent
t~e
nappive-~ositives
of
~hich
there if' only one.
The nurnOf e of this naner then,
i~
to take thes e seven
Dresidents, ide·/ti fy their character clap f:i ficati on,
~.r1(:l
Fee
if their chAracter shifted during their retirement term. The
behavi or dV.rin e,· t'1e retirement peri od wj.ll nIp 0 he c onFyored
'/'i th the others to pee if one
ot':'~e'f'
than the
re~sons
cb0ractel~
ty'Je is 'TiOre sl1.ccessful
Guri rlt( tL e ret\ remerlt terrn. lJ'her., Fame nOSf i blr
for the differences will be offered. PprhanF first,
identified.
Durine; the retj. re:Tl.ent teT''1, a President f!C'.ces bap·ic2,11.y
the same
'Jroble~s
he has f ced his entire
So, the real nrol:lc'TI is
on trle YJart
20'
f Consress, t ".e bu.reaucracy,
bec~us0
he can't because
~ust
or t''lP Cabinet to
U~'l'::'.lly gets d.one in
either the President doesn't wart to, or
C0ngre~s
won't let him.
()ne reap on of t hes e c Or~fJtr2jnt:
ident had
The difference
"virtUe;]. absence of any incentiv8P.
c oonerat e 'l"i t"1 the Prr<; i d er,t. "lIJi ttle
this neriod
ter~.
been defe?ted,
2~d
C
,-,'Jld he t rnt the Tlres-
Co~erepp
is
relucta~t
to
3
noeitiv~s
are
don't~ike
r~centive,
cam~l~ant
a~d
other directed.
conflict. Thev are in noliticf' for affection
~~ey
a~d
n'fectt'in is a revlard for bei l'g agreeable Hnd coo'nerati ve,
"<
not
'They are 1')(1":"'i\'( because trley
a!"'~ertivE.'
nnt i ni tiators.
ever, 1')oliticf'
8Tl'
'r'ley "go about their \Nork v\'1 th
ufu~llv
q
rcsnoy'derf',
different
turns out to be a dis 0 nnointment for
them v!hen they don t t .o:et the affecti on they \"CLr:t, or \vhen
tr.-Lo~e
they truf't t')Tn 01).t to be loss than trvf'h"ort':lV. So,
to discover
ever,
\,,-,~,~~
Taft
.
4
not 0veryone is a nice guy." '
fe\" inti'w'!te
''''ere raT clos p
V'.""c':'
;rJ l
t~at
,
':':,0,.
1,"~1('
1· c.'
"
8,
•
frie:tds, althouch, he had many frieY'ds
Thi:: fits the na 'ive ~of'ltive tyne.5
nro{'Tf:f'f:i ve~e'1ublic871 Vii th
no '.'!onder
tlla!
~,
very lCE8,l,
'raft' f' p;reatest accorrl ish~ents
civil f'lli ts and 45 criminal indL ctmel"ts involvi,1'" :corti. trust,
a record better than Theodore
since
Roo~evelt'~.
6
r;:S7, <::1iiv?nce:" in r8ilroad rc,a:ul:-etion,
1
the nr':>r cCF:".nletirm !)f the }lana
of the
3.
.le'!)8rt ent of Labor and the
y
contributi~T)S,
~rnvided
'."hi te slave act,
pnd
cO~lserV3.tion,
Cr:xal, the establi 'h:nent
f~tre'Lr;!henin,!~
for a ChildreT)'s
~ur~au,
·'jf the 'Pure
n~prpd
a
8JY'''ointed excellent ch':Lcec'r!)r ludr,:e-
7
sY'Lins. '
IY:l
1912, ":l.ft ',va,' d efen. ted fur the
Dref~·j
de"cy for
2.
s ec-
term.
Taft' p
of his terr.
ret~ :r'e~cni
-0
held
~
term
S0F'''rlP
to corresT)oT)Cl to the rest
n~-s~ve-nositive
charncter 211 the
initiat'r.
'~e
let t';ings remain for 'Ii' sm v:hen he tookover.
5
Ee hn.d
:;to
8,1\,'8. 'rs ad iree
ple8J e hi:n. 8
~oo~evel t
"fter he took offie", •
t00
conserv~tive,
tribute to
{OO~'
w
c·ve 1 t
8.nd did everyt'lin:,! 'l.e c I)"~ 1 d
beCPv'T'e very cool t') Tf:.ft ··,:)t lone
.'i.oosevel·~:
th01.l{"ht·l.ft waf bec'Y'1.ly)0·
gnd he fouEht him fsr the nomination,
~lpon'p
vict0ry.
vc':"'tually, he even devC'loTJed PfJme
"I ho.vC' >lelo the office of
to retire fT'):-T];t "·j.th
Tlref:'iQe~t
once ••. ;:'0 I
2."1
contcit
6
life. !'{'heir
of
~olitic~
J?'
h~p
'Phe'T ar p
They do
.:" e "1 •
Il
l?
ect-i
re'rc e'lt a
~nr~ d()~~
t~e
only out
!1 e
f' l•
D~
mI) I Y d,0 e S
'.
'.1
'~~e
"1;""
L
____
.~l.
'1·3
~eoDle'~
1':1'1 of relief
noliticn'
-='1[e'"
._1". _
co
~'
of duty. Ee feelF 111
't"' l>c
.,
Y)olitics
'I'hiF def'crintion fitf
"'i'ih
v. __ . __
o)l,.lblic~i
reluct:,,-;-: 'lncl 'Jften un'r.'ill_i'lg to entr:r l)oliticC".
FO
TT
n~'f'
a~d
C:)oliCige tl) a
te(~.
,
beCR,we of "1,1 the rl p'::'" nds
"-f-' best
po he
1 Ii
()n him. - ,
do
ill',lft
ree~
:[e rIc ,t
it
~"'1
'If"
7
on
is I";":n.
c1i d
T:e
:0
tlH~
eCld
U. s.
:,'I~'.ri
rpp i
'1't:
0
'iCClT;' ('7.UJ.
t)
bt 11::,. Ba= iC8J.ly ,few t"'"
'ociti
"'1'ho
the
poot~ine
effect of
'101-;, t
~r~~Derity,
five yeC"Tf'. Tie
t O'-'-?rcl Doli t
!he~
!...,
, Y1
~n1
~
the
non-~c~re~Give
L c,' to
-reY'm
v
__
ViOUf'
,,L,
~::ov.'ecl
,'!,:-C'
i ' . ,_.
lj,ttl,
l'de"":-;""'''/'
~
,
-,,:'.l
'..or ___
\, .... ' "
te_,
~',l·_(,-"
_
or no initj- tive, he '''c-
p •
~n~lY7tn~
t~e
~! rfor~
nee of Preridents, it if'
te levi s i
In
0r'lake ";,')oli t i c<:1.1c; T)(': echo "Ie
''!''jl)1rl
ft· 0.1ly
C on-
cede
etayed out of
congression~1
to
Y'1J
sGu8bbles, and, like Coolidge,
tILE? ::; :l.b~ ..,.." e t
9
l,<"tf'
','f'lic':
''''ll).l(
~
1''1(1
C')'~,in:r:
"'::'!;e
fr')":;
·~t]f't
YJolitic'C1,l
.e ,
'~l
," !'l:J "0r. "JR
C'
~cratic
1
0or~re;s.
+u.
',7
t
" . ''''"
of the
T>~:'i
.).
?'\
'C:. ~S5
t':p
'ni lli8::
-r:illioY";
1')
To e0d the
lep~
th2~
one
~idd1e
~o~th.
be off. :!e believed
mnc!;.
8,P
vvill be
In
Enst
a~d
~orea,
t;~8.t
X0rea~
he t lreatened that if the
if T)OVier
necep~;1.ry
cripes, he used
ri(1'~lt
ViW'
::=tv'a'T.
to be used, u?'e
S'J'~
2,f'
··"='ter hir: threat,
T)eace t8l-l{P bPf7 " .21
10f!1atic rel",tirlDP 'I'.'i th Cl:ba in .To.nu:lry of 1.061.
time, he 8.p!'ed for '.'/()rld T)e:,c p
'~t
Vie
p'~me
•
\p ;aid earlier, it is pO:"letimes ap im Y lorta:''1'l' to loo:{
't!8.f'
very efficti ve '{'i tIl thi:=:. Fr8m 1..952-1°59,
didn't
\-l.'Clve
rl.
f,-i.D.rrl,e veto overriddeCl. Thee',
it
:~isenhol','er
r'ar
broke:.
by a ty ',j,c'cl 'lor": (J!:'Trel.l bi :1.22
D"Tt of EieenhT.'··er'f' cucceps1.oomed from his T)()T)ularity.
In the
('r:"
U.u'" p()11, hip
T1Q Yl
lari ty v.'eYJ.t frrim 49 ,; f:)r
[1
f:ingle
11
0onth,
t:)
~:ip
ills '),
79;.
e nh C)' er
'ref: ide t f:jnce
Cl'"!1
V
~l
',ded
tec8.lU"e of '~if\ te':actty
'1c,d
he had fulfj lled hiF Oll,ty
~I'~d
l
r
Ll 'VrU3 hi'!{':t 01""1
Becsu;,"C' ''''lfhinrr:ton ~i.r(l
8 1,dll..?
t''cp:re "a:'
LY\TDO{ .TOE
of Py'esident Xen:::1edy in
re:="",~ ct
Clt of
1:1 i)
reap on to try
:l.~
d
SO~
)ve'bC'r of
1~!63.
Barber
1.88
nl;1ceri
.TohnE'on in t"e ''Jctive-nocs,tiv(~ cat8;E':0ry.?5
Active-n(ry~tivpp
e:~otional
or no
nut forth
~uch
effort but get little
rev'arri for it. They 8.re comnulsivP-8.f, if
tryinv to mak:e un for f'omethinc; or to esca"p frr)m ClDXiety
into hard work. They are taken un with pelf concern, h2VP
deni8,1
i~'Jen
~
.f self-e;r'll;ificati()t'1 "0cl control their 'c{':grep::ion.
confronted Vii th t':n.lc;h
decisionf:~,
t'1.ey [lave
E
terrmt'Jtion
to ei t:>ler fight or (Flit. 'rhe dn.YJ"er of t i p lcLnd of '!'resident
is their rigid adherence to a failinc line of no l icy.26
12
enercy T)laYlt. '-Ie "ould get un 8"t
S
ometimf~
in t':le p>rly
1"f)r"'L1(~
nolitic",l life. Bnt ",'it'"'- ri,l'
disc i u.r':1.{'e:,
on Vietnam
betnp; ;:ttt::1ckr>d.?8
ety nro (J"ra.m o,'fer d:
T8.f'
thi:=' e:1erfl,;! he nut forth,
1,"8-"
~:)oci
8,:"', and, e"1,l l:.if-' Cl""T
of the noxt day. ?7'Ie
of th.e ti11le he
'/'0,"
7::):)
eS'Jeciq}ly
:'li~:
V,"ji"'n
edi care fo:;:, t'JP old,
oto
8,
:r1UC""',
nob.cy
edl)C8~ti'n
?
ete-.
2 C "mo
of ,fohns on t s cflr1'V ler:'i,f'l,,"tive f'ucce:"'s
t~le
fact t"lat '-:e
~"'": l('(l
':lip
'''r:Jr~rr:'nf'
":"18
W(erll;pdy
Pro{'T~l,'''P''
he courted for their run~ort.31
for t'''e U. (
\','e c 0111.C1 an,d s houlrJ d () s om e t ',i ng to
13
,Toh':1~o""
controlled
to l1i:n on
m~tterf:
Pre~ident
Siperilio~er
forej_~::n
of
when
YJolicy t118.t i"n'"' '1.'
"
fir~t
"uta
"-
_
~
t':e
t
~e
iYlformatic)2:1 S"tbout the c',)f't 'u'ld
Dolicy,
war
,
'"
"''''Y''~-'
f ' \J .... ,.\.. . . .'')0'
'<... :,.
f'8fcty rc,:~nl"'ti(nlS,
Th~c~in
ju~~t
'1.~
he ':ad done to
~eGRte
13
-
~)Jl(1
t:'e"'j(]r:l
citic~
,'T:1.'",;T'lrr1.
~ef':. ,,3,1
"Ge:18ra ' ly,
ter~.
tc~e
rearan
'!"Hr.
he the mere
la~e
duc~.
Sti~l
14
fore j. [';!l
1]
'}()'·'"er "'c'd
o} i
C~T.
C ')'lere,:-
inflw:;"'~,ce
c ()U 1 r1 n: t
fi!lc1. ;' Oi:J e one '."i th en OU,,11
to ::-tay l1ip h8. Yld. 36
"i t 1/:illllrt L t:-: c:w.nc"p of' ever
bc:i".s:'):lf"'SE~d
to r"~e.,,37
i'1 t:.e
an
Gctiv~
President.
if i
t~
con1 P ctc0
n61icy)
0
l,i'-ce I,ynd ' ) D T hn:=
~'1
hefore
~li Tn,
8.""J aJ~ain in 196~ rlfter hi;' dpfe t
.
"
,):18.
TJ~C;{,
•
the~n.l
for
'f,~,~
\ . c."
c·
0
r
".-.
"
iforni8, {!,ov-
'].')
0
C'l'i.n'"
-~n('I'_ ',C~" '.-"'.' l'"~'- '~" ',",
co,,
~j_~J..
,b, C hnTrt
_
~c3.
fi>?t'il.'rl.
,',,,,C",.,
'",'. ,", " , .
~_.!.. ;....."';"_)
41T
,-!.~,
"p
J '
~:~\rQt~ __ ()
~ll,C,O
tr:velled to Pr
.
\'r~r>c
::f'
')r
11
;~)_T';
Oll.:-~
:,~;:T0t,
''lC'',
r·
i '/')'
.
~'
F ''1c--
";1.
15
1-'
10'18
'",clvi:- e of hi:'
Cllf" 8r
t
·
,(15
trl. b
'utlCl~'l.' .
" ",.,..lxon
.
-.
_._-_._._-------
17
~1 rL3.Y." 4 7
P E:;C'-F e
"
c1
-)~~~ r·?,
r,.-r' :!l -'
t-i c;;11 'IT
.,. OT ec
.......,
')-
" 0'
()--r
i t i ~!r nt
-i. t'~ ~l 1 1
_~
OLL
..
-
.
,~
-
.
\!"
• In
(j:Y,e
,
~lP
C
-f'.-,ro+
._
... v
,
i
1 Cl'7 3 ,
"
,~:...
~
'1
(; ~ -: }_ >~J
I
r_:~_
~,)thi Y1
J
() 11,
t
()f
e,' , j , 49 :lnd forei,":n ~~f fql,Tf' •
r
'-j
f'~
~ctive-~opitive~
~ut
fort~
n lot of effort
~~tead
fleyible, .c::rol.-,-in,r in
to his
~l~np.
~he~e
o±'-'~tc,:o,
~re
the
of
e~1oy
obt~ini~~
rc,-dy to conc:-id'?r
c~~r~cteri~tic~
R~~
If
no~~r
c~,1tpr:-~'.ti'l'·P
~.n
~.ctive-
---.--------_ . . _--.
19
~e8vy
;"iT'
~'tril~(C",
bnt on'v'lvi;c- 17
officiRI ~~nt~pr~~~0r,
~)avid
Ke·, !erly, t 1lP
V
~c rJ~ted f~r ler: ~r~~tic ~eRrurep.53
of thef'c could lY1Ve copt ].-lim t'le clectin in 1C:7C)t but '10
"")c!'ie'1ce TYtOre.Phe t:!:"uth if" tl-J.at I
t
(1.
e d ,- ;.r • ,,54
couldn't ':',o.it to pt8:tt
20
Ford had nroble r liP ',':i th
c1i2nerseJ. B'ord
"on,~(resf'
througrLout his tprm.
also "lore coY]serv'ltive
vv8.?
t}~Lan
'';o'lcress
0;"'lP e2.
Bec?,u~ e
of t~ese ,"or
56
only 'lad 2"bOl;tt 30; of :':.is nrogra's
enacted into law by Coneress.56
Ford's
retireme~t
ter~ ca~e
in
of 1976
:ove~ber
~'\en
wor1cinc on his
pnl~ries,
considered an increase in feder21 officials'
until ,bnuary 2')." Tirne
of
0
la~8
I
duck Chief
t'~in1{
''1:\
'')'"2.7i ne
~xecutive
s~icl
w~ose
tn.is is "n ,:,.ccurate
''lSi.ve rec ClE;nizea thc"tt
.
~f
he
that ';i'ord' s. deci2 i'n
dCFire to
dee~e~
hip
';-"ord pee r1 f' to
E't~te7YJ.e;'t.
we,(e-.
~
a~d
~
SOlncr, to rea11_y
T".a~-ce
2,:'l:::tr':e
in history, he \",'ou1\: h0.ve to do something rjc'ht then. -{is
retireMe~t
st~tup,
however,
"still t'le 'President
c~u8ed
u~tilTanur~.ry
him lapp of
;n."
n'~er,
~o
21
T-::.is,
I think, de "JnEtro.,tes t'1.at Ford rp:"8."i Yled 8.n .'l.cti ve-
'1oei tive President t;lroug!1. hip
retire'~leDt
term.
\ctive-nosi tives
f:'ee'Y)ed tJ be pfJ.'l'Jed by ',is oaaracter.
,Ti'Y)Y",y Carter bec8.'ne
'resider,t in lcn6. This
just
wqS
before !~r~0r had his new edition of his b'lok Presidential
C~:laracter
Y)ub.Lif'hed. So, B::lrber didntt have the advR ta""e
of 'lindsi ht in YJutt·; nc: C8,rter into a character. So, uf'i:t.":
what informati0:t
Ford,
has
wo~ld
al1f,'ay~'
Wgp
av~ilable,
he said th,t Carter, like
be an active-nof'itive
PrcFide~t.
been pnergetic. eTe "redicted
ftnd life r't the
t:~lat
'arte~,
h~
(;arter 1:",")1)ld
[()Us e fun. 59
:1.i te
Indeec, Carter cia :c'ee" to be an active-'lnsi ttve
ident.
Ie
several
dipnl'l~ed
econo'T~ic
the
sa~e
onenneSE
a~d
Y'8cK8,,,:ef' v'l'lile in office ).
_._---'----------,
. .......
1're~-
ability to corn-
8arter wasntt afrpia to try ne
---------- ------.
said,
euc.1.
??
Carter v:orked tire1_ec sly meeting \,~'i th Beein ~:YLd ~:Rdat in
8,
'i'ere far ".':r;rt, GarteT cot t!'Jem trl corrr1Jromir-e, ~;d ''1e finally
f'ucr:eeced in l'Q.a'cinc
~Y'
Durinc hif' tern, I;arter 8.1so nardoned the Viet"'2,m draft
evaders, created a tax rebate nrogram, ~'1romi f' ed
Fl
{,,;r:ldu,tl
'i'i th.dr8v'al of:Jnericf-ln trOO1JP from SO'Jt'1. Korer1-, of','ered
legif'l~tion
for a Youth ~onscrvation Corns, ~ade an sr~p
threat to YH':,-'ce since 'I'lorld '-"hir lI"el
23
retir'" ',PV!t ter", "the i ntcr':18.ti ()"'81 e-,viron':lent \dll recpcl e
_'eric'-'!l, i :"lVolverne'c'!t •.• ,,62 :\fot P0 vii th
i:l i_tf' dE!-'Clnrl'" for
Carter.
AT);ort
~
('-\1:--,-
,._,FFC
fr~F'1
1;10
,
~l'-)fta,'~e
,
tV1.8.]'l)efore.
-i're(1uently,
hrir~
l
(0 ,',
felt
ect
1.
F
t"h~t
crif"if',
culture to
"n • 64- -J_ e
t~c
/'li t e
to
f) Y l
C,
-~)''1
J --:
("Y','
•
ot-',,-,7'
fr ,:"]
?!1
tjl~otle m:i,"'lt ':10t i'Fr-
idey~cy.
~E: felt
1.·,q:tter; to "Je the
~orforrr~:tce?
ner!' 0"nC11~r ref' OIOn~ 11 ':;
to . et t
')::1E'
~or t~e
~o~t
actErf'. Lyndon ,Tohn c
ot:n.u~::',
if
fr)1>
t~:r,y
tlin:\:,
n~rt,
e~ch
c<~:'r"ctcT
:
('0
'1P
tn h::nre
';,eli~'ved_
or
cl()-UC~l.
of r!C'inr-;r:>bove
~l,)lj+icc
~:,(l
~,j.lo:-:only.
t'l dn TTll)ch, ::'1"0
'rope 'Jut o'-='i,
'T'hey '11"'
1::fLO
n8;O;O i ve-n os i ti \Te , 'Pa 't, li"
tr~r
0,,,,(1
of the Pre~i~e t'~'
n is t:.e 0:'11:/ one
Cr),:"f'ervr~'I'ivo
Tl1,e
tJeir lives,
out p~fcl'/. 'Pr1Tt 0:1'" t lip
did try, fOl.1"'ld tile,r couldr:'t
of t 'emir
thif:
e'~
P'jr
O:'lE: '~e?r'·'ln or ",'IOt:,},l:', trj,f';cl to do little,
out of t'J?:i.r
didn't
the /lOf-'t""r?f' relJ;;:o;,r::d durin:~ :'ip 'Prep-
nqr,r
C'):'
ivp C'lT'lcter
"t;""
"~i:'
e Y: 'i 0v1leT,
"it',! thp Y)"l:=-'S:i.Vf';-'iPP·;':.tivps,
:rover'''1e''t ;'lould be
c.io.n't veY1t'JTP fort'l ',"it'l
(; ') n ii (~,"'P ".n,]'
~:n:'l.
C'ln~'(
rV2:tivif'm.
r('str~~inec1,
":,,d po
nr00T8'!S.
beltcr pUCC8pF
l'.Ot
for:~s,_"c('
,
-:::0 ,
r'
fruitlep8 if h0
were
ho~tile
~~f
to hin,
-·t
ev~-'
t
~0d.
"
~t.~te.
~-_T;
c
i .:_,
1'11'r-
.1~l.<,.t
C~.Lj
he d )ne to
1"-('1'1
thr retirir:r: Yrt?;oi.c1ent'p
FOOT i'IJO 'I' ES
1 F,unce, Valerie. "Policy r:yc1eF and the \me:>~ic8n
Presidp.cy." ~:reet-i:L~; of t"'"e ~'idweFt')oli tic'l,l ~'icience
ConvP'tio:l, Cincinnati, Ohio, \nril 15- 1 8,1 0 81, n.35.
,)
. Pa~ber, ,Tame!" David. 'rhe T)repidentia1 (.:!haracter.
(Sne;lewood r:li fff' , "~eve Ter:" ey: Pre!ltic e +,11, Inc., 10,77), n. l'7 11.
5"1.-'d
uJ. •
I.
6 PrinGle,
-lel'ry F., l'he Life ·"':.:d TimpE' of 'iil1iarn
:or,'aro 'raft. ("Te'N Yor 1\:: i!'arrar n:~ld rti:1p0.8rt, Inc., 1939), "'1.676.
7 Coletto, "P2oo1oS., The Pres ic]ency of ':iillim ;~m','8Td
'raft. (University of K'TLC'::-',P, 1973), n.?55.
8
B2.rb n r, n. 182.
a
-'Pringle,
r).
IJ~
b
l~ar er,
·".147.
603.
n.1115.
1"
"'Ibid., n.1 L1 7.
13 Ib
, "
'. lO.•
,
~.
11
5•
']o()ert Z., The c'oli tiN'
(~oY:"Y'\,~:~y, 1973), n.lI:Ll.
n.l5'!.
17-b'd
.. l
. , n.157.
F00TY'TS'
(cont.)
?l Itid ., ~.85-86.
,) 2
-Ibid., D.33.
°jrOI/·:£1
2 3Cronin, ':'~OFl,3.:", The ' t l te of tl}8 "?rp side'lcy. (roston:
---.~-----PJ~d Co., 198'1), TJ.328-9.
')11
'di1ey and
'pu:" tad t l:ti Chr".2'd, rr(:;f'i cJ e clt-iJ11 Power.
onp, Inc., lSP)))~-TJ:-hl-62.--
(-'Jm"" -"ork:
.Tohn
"I
25n~lrber
. , ,_
~
,
26 I1') l'd . ,
1') •
1) •
'7',0 •
12 , . )')"7
I~ , •
.\.:-:-; e ri c ,'J, n
('Jew
n.189.
32 ~T'Ol'd . , n.263.
:~r:ic,
1~69),
'''he.':r'n.~e~y
''1.510.
of
J';T:'(lonh~n"'on.
~)r e n.m .
37 Ibid ., ~'.350.
39 G."a-rber,
_
1]._,
.11
Ollie,The
'_tldYlf' ,
-:{48 •
hi te
'iou~e
Y<::arF.
1977) ,
t 3 Tb
.; d
.',
"
.,
TJ.';].)4 •
44"'-b"d
,L
1 .,
:1"' 1 ;,8.'11; lJ,efore the
~j\all.
1975), n.692.
'! or~~:
4 6-[b"
,
" lQ.,
47-,",ar bJ"r, n.161.
.18
, (~r()nin,
".171.
:0
,-Dernstein, Carl o'-:ld 'IJob .oOd\",'c~Td,
(cc,- York:'>..von "no:c', 19 'C)), n.331-333.
~
2
~ . .,
101. (I
.,
53!ord,
~OOlU-',
rp'1E'
2'inal
i)8"YF.
n. I! 86-7 •
(~eraJ.:i, _
1980), n.268.
Ti;o",e t,) 'le'o
i.
(:\Tew Yor'::: '-er,~lec'
_F_:_O_T_~J_(;~I_I_~;_~_(~C_~~~~~
54 11
.d
. )'... .,
n.2'j()
55(']~O''''i
n
"~".,
j.
56 Ibid ., 1).171.
)7wP~rt·
rO.
3,
.T:?U'-U:lxy
58 Ib '...· 0..
"
:/0rd~' f-i'rom Presicier}t ~i'ord", 'T'i1" e • IT () 1. 1 13 ,
23, 1977, n.15.
ne
,
5g'Barber, n.535.
6')'}1~)"d, '-:Oetty,
',ihite
,TimT'IY Cflrter: In
e'l.rch. of:' the ~reat
Iouse.Tew Yor1-:::'I. Ii. ~orton~''1d Co., 19RT, n./32.
G1Ib'd
.
l
.,
62 ..
f'lunc r
,
G3!', :rl' m.""""''''''L.T
•
,.,,, rt 0. "
r '' -C"
",j'Co
1').29.
64'-b'
c_ la-.. ,
65..,
(jrOnl n, n.
I'
I.
•
32
BL3LIOGRAPHY
v ears.
Ollie. The White
'tk'
\.ln~,
1..16,
,hunes ;)avid. i['he "Presidenti_~::,l C!lF'.racter. ~-;;Yl:,,:l_e\"oocJ
':liff8, 'In,!, .T:c;rf-'cy: T're',tiee TialJ I~e. 1977. '
~-hrber,
Ber~Gtein,
,,\V()l1
--
Carl ~~d -ob :\'')OdV:;'Td. r!'he
r:;oks, 1('76.
~;1in8.l
-
)ovs.
-;/.;;..
Bunce, V'., leri e." 'ol-i"cy::yc Ips 80'1(3 the ,"-''TI81'ican "Pr8pide~1cy."
",'eeti ne; of t>," ::idv/e"t'?oli tical ~-)cir:nee Convc'l1ti ''11,
CiccinnF'ti, OhiO, ~nril 15-18, 1981.
Caletto, 'Pn,olo :~. rrjlP "Pref'ide c~~ of
University of 'anEPs, 1 0 73.
Croni"n, rf' om~'s. rr f1e :~,t;ltc of tie Presi6e'ney.
a"'d C'l:TI0FU1Y, lqRl.
F'ord,
T:of~ton:
Bro',"Y]
"
," cra l. _:::t.
r}lad, Betty. ,Tirr::1"v Carter'
Ve",:
'{OY'lr'
,j'
o"n
_,
v,
"
_".
' . , • C\Tort
r~
"
II
'loward
}-- ~.rs •
Jimc1y Carter's
;)ori~~.
Kearns,
r.
'i-re8.t '/hi te
Iq~don
19
!\~e~r"Ev~~~-5..
.Tohnson
"'10
vOY':r
Ro\"--! i
..
_ '. _. .....1Tar~'PY'''-;::;-;'~n
..c
-" _
Cl.· _......
e \,·
1
,
the
(0 •
-;=;-r-7
LarFen, ::.rth.nr.
~e\'7 York:
T<urray }[o'Jert iC. 'l'he "'oli tier: of
To~"t:)n 8,>d
',roue tad t ,
")::1 c1
1ich~~d.
, 0 DP
'Dm';~"Y'y,
~'Tor'ya1cy.
·'i.
?ycsido~tial
In e • -;' 1
1-0.
1
Prin:le,
:eery B. '1:he Life D.Yjj"imo s of 'Villi arr, :()~"Tlr(J
j'arrnx--;:;;;,(l Jti ne '1.art, Inc., 1 0 30 • - - - - -
r·' ' "! orl::
~.
ii, ley
8!.
I,"rom i'TPP1,6,:"'t :"ord." Time. Vol. 11.3,
,T;::u w::,.ry ?3, 19'77.
1I'P:~rti!1c,~i0rdp
"r
1973-.-
3,
Safire, ':'JilJ_i'-'m.!efr)r' t:1eal1. (~ardcn. City,
Doublpoay, 19~
"Te,': Yor1z:
"The C'Jd'_ominif'trq-':;i'TI: Gettirte; in 'ome;~f'·t 1ic'{f'.
Vol. 105,
0.1, 1a~1~ry 3, 1969.