Industrial Internet of Things
Herman Storey
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Presenter: Herman Storey
• Chief Technology Officer, Herman storey Consulting, LLC
• Co-Chair, ISA100 Wireless Systems for Automation
• Co-Chair, ISA108 Intelligent Device Management
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Industrial Internet of Things
• Why, and Why Not?
• What is it?
• How do we Adapt the Technology to Industrial
Architecture?
• What is the Future?
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Introduction
• Industrial Internet of Things I2oT is loosely based on the
Internet of Things (IoT), Machine to Machine (M2M), and
many other initiatives
• Many Groups have announced that they have written The
definitive standard for IoT or M2M
• Some good technology has been developed that can be
applied to industrial communication systems
• This presentation will discuss how to apply these
technologies to industrial needs
• This is not a proposal to make any device accessible from
anywhere – sometimes called the Internet of Everything
• Industrial Automation requires Security, Robustness, and
Timeliness, with remote access as a secondary requirement
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Many Applications / Common
Infrastructure
From ISA TR100.15.01
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Why?
• I2oT offers the world of Automation an opportunity for use of
Common Open Standards for Communication
• This technology can improve Security, Flexibility, and Ease
of Use with a common way of connecting objects
• The technology can and should be Modular and can be
Adapted to a wide variety of Applications and Installation
Requirements
• Most of the technology is readily available to developers
• Almost everyone can benefit from this in the long term
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Why Not?
• This is disruptive technology
• It can not easily be utilized by current Installed Base of
Automation Devices and Systems
• There are short and long term investments necessary for
a transition to this new technology
• Even though many groups are working on pieces of this
problem set, no one is working on the problem set as a
whole
• Organizational challenges may be more difficult than
technical challenges
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What is it?
• This I2oT presentation contains
– A model for Communications Architecture
– A model for Automation Systems Architecture
• Both models have requirements that add to IoT to make
it Suitable and Desirable for Industrial Use as I2oT
• Both models are presented in very simplified form
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The I2oT Communications Stack
Multiple Applications
Common Time
More
Communication
Stack Layers
Common Network
Management and
Security
IPv6 / 6LoWPAN
Common network
Layer
Multiple Physical
Media and Link
Layers
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Why These Layers?
• We have many more Application Layers that we need,
but:
• No one application layer will fit all application needs
• We have a very large installed base that depends on
these application layers
• Therefore we should support all of them with common
layers below, and only provide gateways (protocol
translation) when necessary
• Proper network design will allow multiple applications to
share common infrastructure with common message
routing
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Why These Layers?
• We have multiple Physical and Link layers because we
need them to fit different installation requirements
• Physical layers include:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Single and Multi Pair Wire
Coax Cable
Single and Multi Mode Fiber
Many Types of Radio
Acoustic
Infrared
• Each Physical layer must be accompanied by a Link or
Media Access Control Layer (PHY/MAC)
• All PHY/MAC layers should have common support for IPv6
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Why These Layers?
• A common Network layer (IPv6) can be used with all
PHY/MAC layers and all Application Layers with properly
defined layer interfaces
– This may include Shims to make the layers fit together
• 6LoWPAN is designed to adapt IPv6 to low power / low
bandwidth wireless networks
• 6LoWPAN could and should also be used with low power /
low bandwidth wired networks
• IPv6 can be converted to IPv4 for legacy systems
• This use of IP allows us to route messages anywhere we
wish
• Physical media can be shared by multiple applications with
optimum choice for media and application for each task
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Why These Layers?
• Many other network layers fit more or less between IP and
Applications
• These layers help to move data or control the network
• Worth mentioning here:
• Common Sense of Time – Real time networks need this
and it needs to be a standard feature
– Many networks require scheduled communications. Common time
provides for this more efficiently and reliably than token passing
• Common Network and Security Management – we need to
get away from networks that do not have security and are
not managed
– ISA100 WG20 is working on a standard for common management
of multiple diverse networks
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Multi - Level Network Architecture
for Industrial Application
Internet Level
Corporate IT
Network Level
Automation System
Level
Field Device Level
Networks of Networks
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Industrial Network Architecture
• Industrial networks are generally organized into distinct
horizontal Levels and into vertical Silos
• The Levels integrate similar networks and nodes across a
portion of an enterprise
• The Silos segregate vertical sections of these Levels
according to security needs, business needs, or simply to
facilitate maintenance or manage the scope of down time
• Levels and Silos are often organized into Zones (as defined
by ISA99) for security management reasons
• Zones can be interconnected by Conduits with Edge Devices
at Zone boundaries
• ISA TR100.15.01 provides Models and Terminology for
network architecture using Zones and Conduits
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Industrial Network Architecture
• Control system applications normally access data from field
devices through a data cache rather than directly
– Field devices and their networks are generally power limited and thus
their bandwidth is also limited
• IT Applications generally access Automation System Data
through a Historian rather than directly accessing Data
Caches in the Automation System Nodes
• All of this Indirect and Limited Top Down Access is driven by
Performance, Robustness, and Security needs
• Much of the data, nodes, and networks are considered to be
worth protecting from unauthorized access and are not
available to the internet users in general
• Some remote access to field devices may be desirable and
is possible if properly designed
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Industrial Architecture
• IT and Automation Systems share technology for nodes
and networks – Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS)
technology is used at both levels
• Use of COTS technology drives upgrade cycles that are
normally less than a decade for these levels
• Field devices and their networks are much more numerous
and generally do not use COTS technology
• Upgrade cycles for industrial field devices and networks
generally runs multiple decades (at least 2)
• Adoption of I2oT technology for field networks presents the
highest incentive, but will take the longest to implement
because of the long lifecycles of the installed base
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What is the Future of I2oT?
• I2oT can provide significant value, but must be incorporated
into a system to provide acceptable functionality, value, and
risk
• Incorporation of components provided by multiple vendors
(normal practice) requires support from foundations with
compliance specifications and tests
• A collection of open standards will not be satisfactory
• This technology needs a good home to be successful in
industrial use
• Most foundations now have a complete non-modular top to
bottom communication stack that
– does not support multiple application layers and
– support a very limited number of physical layers
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What is the Future of I2oT?
• Many groups and open standards organizations are working
on pieces of communication technology that can be part of
the technical library used by I2oT
• Many of the technologies will be used first by IoT in nonindustrial environments
• IoT will be implemented in Silos of like devices that can
communicate using common applications and security
• The idea that every device could communicate with every
other device is irrational
• These technologies and modular concepts will eventually
find a home in industry
• Some of these technologies and modular standards
concepts are already incorporated into standards such as
ISA100.11a
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What is the Future of I2oT?
• We have a long and winding road ahead – with some
speed bumps.
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The Industrial Internet of Things
• Questions?
• Herman Storey
• Herman Storey Consulting, LLC
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