22 April 2008
Center for Innovation
CIDS
Distributed Systems
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
1
CIDS
22 April 08
Information
Identification
in
Decision
Systems
Dr Shoumen Datta
Research Scientist
Engineering Systems Division
Co-Founder & Research Director
Forum for Supply Chain Innovation
School of Engineering
MIT
If they can
understand!
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
2
Think different !
Technology creates tools.
The hammer only looks for nails.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
3
Think Convergence !
• Technology Æ tools
• Problem Æ healthcare
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
4
Identification: Think different !
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
5
Identification: Think different !
◘ Identification is not only about goods, coke cans,
trailers, trucks and pallets. It is also about process.
◘ Identification is necessary for business process,
for example, Advance Shipping Notice or ASN,
which has a number associated with the document.
◘ Identification is about your checked-in bag and
the person who handled your luggage.
◘ Identification is about the location of petrol pumps
along a route and the price of gasoline in each.
◘ Identification is about the decision made by one
driver to take Route 66 to El Paso, Texas and
another decision to take Route 90 instead.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
6
Identification: Think different !
◘ Identification is not only about goods, coke cans,
trailers, trucks and pallets. It is also about process.
◘ Identification is necessary for business process,
for example, Advance Shipping Notice or ASN,
which has a number associated with the document.
◘ Identification is about your checked-in bag and
the person who handled your luggage.
◘ Identification is about the location of petrol pumps
along a route and the price of gasoline in each.
◘ Identification is about the decision made by one
driver to take Route 66 to El Paso, Texas and
another decision to take Route 90 instead.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
7
Identification: Think different !
◘ Identification is not only about goods, coke cans,
trailers, trucks and pallets. It is also about process.
◘ Identification is necessary for business process,
for example, Advance Shipping Notice or ASN,
which has a number associated with the document.
◘ Identification is relative: your checked-in bag
and the person who handled your luggage.
◘ Identification is about the location of petrol pumps
along a route and the price of gasoline in each.
◘ Identification is about the decision made by one
driver to take Route 66 to El Paso, Texas and
another decision to take Route 90 instead.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
8
Identification: Think different !
◘ Identification is not only about goods, coke cans,
trailers, trucks and pallets. It is also about process.
◘ Identification is necessary for business process,
for example, Advance Shipping Notice or ASN,
which has a number associated with the document.
◘ Identification is relative: your checked-in bag
and the person who handled your luggage.
◘ Identification is about the location of petrol pumps
along a route and the price of gasoline in each.
◘ Identification is about the decision made by one
driver to take Route 66 to El Paso, Texas and
another decision to take Route 90 instead.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
9
Identification: Think different !
◘ Identification is not only about goods, coke cans,
trailers, trucks and pallets. It is also about process.
◘ Identification is necessary for business process,
for example, Advance Shipping Notice or ASN,
which has a number associated with the document.
◘ Identification is relative: your checked-in bag
and the person who handled your luggage.
◘ Identification is about the location of petrol pumps
along a route and the price of gasoline in each.
◘ Identification is about the decision made by one
driver to take Route 66 to El Paso, Texas and
another decision to take Route 90 instead.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
10
Identification: Think Identity !
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
11
Identification: Think Identity !
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
12
Identification: Think Identity !
Sir Clive Granger
Prof Gunnar Stefansson
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
13
Identification: Think Identity !
Sir Clive Granger
Blood Glucose
120 mg/dl
Prof Gunnar Stefansson
Blood Glucose
120 mg/dl
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
14
Identification: Think Identity !
Identical
Results
Identical
Numbers
120
Different
Identities
Sir Clive Granger
Blood Glucose
120 mg/dl
120CG
120GS
Prof Gunnar Stefansson
Blood Glucose
120 mg/dl
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
15
Identification: Think Identity !
Identical
Results
Identical
Numbers
120
Different
Identities
Sir Clive Granger
Blood Glucose
120 mg/dl
120CG
120GS
Prof Gunnar Stefansson
Blood Glucose
120 mg/dl
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
16
Identification: Think Identity !
Identical
Results
Identical
Numbers
120
Different
Identities
Sir Clive Granger
Blood Glucose
120 mg/dl
120CG
120GS
Prof Gunnar Stefansson
Blood Glucose
120 mg/dl
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
17
Relativistic Identification
Identical
Results
Identical
Numbers
120
Different
Identities
Sir Clive Granger
Blood Glucose
120 mg/dl
120CG
120GS
Prof Gunnar Stefansson
Blood Glucose
120 mg/dl
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
18
Identification: Summary
•Concept
Relative Identification
•Application
Logistics, SCM, Healthcare, Security, eGov
•Tools
IPv6 Form, Semantics, Sensors, ICT, Industry
•Benefits
Global Standard Intelligent Interoperability
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
19
Problem Space
Object-centric Identification
Isolated, Inadequate, Heterogeneous
• Variable formats
• Systems incompatibility
• Master Data mis-Management
• Object data not linked to process
• Data, analytics, information - disconnected
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
20
• Variable formats
• Systems incompatibility
• Master Data mis-Management
• Object
data
not linked
to process
• GIAI
– Global
Individual
Asset
Identifier
• Data,
analytics,
information
• GLN
– Global
Location
Number - disconnected
• SSCC
– Serialized Shipping Container Code
• GTIN
– Global Trade Item Number
• GUID
– Globally Unique Identification
• UCR
– Universal Consignment Reference
• EPC
– Electronic Product Code
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
21
Master (?) Data mis-Management
Manual Identification
(98) 0614141999999
Here
METRO AG
Heinz Ketchup
Store Id 6174523211
Store Database
Regional DC
Database
RFID: Automatic Identification
3PL Database
01.0203D2A.916E8B.0719BAE03C
There
Heinz Ketchup
Manufacturer’s EPC
010203D2A916E8B
Warehouse
Database
Manufacturer’s
Database
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
22
Systems Incompatibility, Master Data mis-Management
Networks Lack Functional Integration, Interoperability
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
23
“Likewise, in the past few decades most of
the companies that have created truly
extraordinary amounts of wealth have done
so by inventing great processes, not great
products (technology). Dell, Toyota and
Wal*Mart, for example, have risen to the
top of their respective industries by coming
up with amazingly efficient ways of getting
quite ordinary products into the hands of
consumers more cheaply than their rivals.”
• Variable formats
• Systems incompatibility
• Master Data mis-Management
• Object data not linked to process
• Data, analytics, information - disconnected
The Economist, 24 April 2004
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
24
Logic
DEMAND
Consumer
Tools
Metrics
Tools
Adapt
Forecast
RISK
Dynamic
CONTEXT
PROCESS
PROCESS
DECISION
DECISION
INFO
Efficiency
Goals
CONTEXT
CONTEXT
Optimization
Partner
Internal
Visibility
CONTEXT
Information
DATA
DATA
Logic
Tools Mobility
251
Objects, Data, Analytics, Process, Information, Decision
Logic
DEMAND
Consumer
Tools
Metrics
Tools
Adapt
Forecast
RISK
Dynamic
CONTEXT
PROCESS
PROCESS
DECISION
DECISION
INFO
Efficiency
Goals
CONTEXT
CONTEXT
Optimization
Partner
Internal
Visibility
CONTEXT
Information
DATA
DATA
Logic
RFID
Tools Mobility
261
Objects, Data, Analytics, Process, Information, Decision
Systems Solution Requires
Unique Identification
Objects, Process, Information, Decisions
• Not a new standard format
• Heterogeneous systems compatibility
• Syntax and semantic relationships - defined
• Data, analytics, process, information - linked
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
27
Proposed Solution
IPv6
Use Internet Protocol version 6 Format
• Not a new standard – agreed for adoption
• Heterogeneous systems compatibility - proven
• Syntax & semantics – unique id possible using URI
• Data, analytics, process, information – can be linked
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
28
IPv6
OSI
Reference Model
Internet Protocol Suite
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
29
128
3.4x10
38
IPv6
2Dr Shoumen=Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
30
IPv6
600000000
500000000
400000000
300000000
200000000
95.3%
82.3%
73.2%
37.6%
Source: Economist
7.3M
HK
105M
JP
100000000
0
220M
US
502M
CN
Mobile Phone Subscribers 2007
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
31
IPv6 ??
Think unique identification
IPv6 Format
600000000
500000000
400000000
300000000
200000000
95.3%
82.3%
73.2%
37.6%
Source: Economist
7.3M
HK
105M
JP
100000000
0
220M
US
502M
CN
Mobile Phone Subscribers 2007
OSI
Reference Model
Internet Protocol Suite
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
32
IPv6 Format
128-bit IPv6 address in binary form is divided along 16-bit boundaries:
0010000111011010
0000000011010011
0000000000000000
0010111100111011
0000001010101010
0000000011111111
1111111000101000
1001110001011010
Each 16-bit block converted to colon hexadecimal form
21DA : 00D3 : 0000 : 2F3B : 02AA : 00FF : FE28 : 9C5A
With leading zero suppression
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5A
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
33
32
2
IPv4
151 193 204 72
21DA : 00D3 : 0000 : 2F3B : 02AA : 00FF : FE28 : 9C5A
128
2
IPv6
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
34
Electronic Product Code (64-bit)
01.0203D2A.916E8B.0719BAE03C
EPC
19
64
2 = 1.8x10
24
Header: 4 bits = 16
ePC Mgr: 16 bits = 65,536
216
Object Class: 16 bits = 65,536
216
228
Serial Number: 28 bits = 268, 435,456
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
35
Electronic Product Code (64-bit)
01.0203D2A.916E8B.0719BAE03C
EPC
19
64
2 = 1.8x10
24
Header: 4 bits = 16
216
ePC Mgr: 16 bits = 65,536
216
Object Class: 16 bits = 65,536
228
Serial Number: 28 bits = 268, 435,456
21DA : 00D3 : 0000 : 2F3B : 02AA : 00FF : FE28 : 9C5A
IPv6
128
2
=
3.4x10
38
128-bit EPC form proposed in 1998 by Sanjay Sarma and Daniel Engels of MIT is not in use currently.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
36
Routing
IPv6
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5A
•
•
•
•
•
•
Not a new standard – agreed for adoption
Heterogeneous systems compatibility - proven
b
Data, analytics, process, information – transmission
New revenue potential for telecommunications including P2P
Not everything needs routing but FORMAT is globally adopted
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
37
IPv6 Routing
MULTICAST
☑
X
☑
Single host to multi receiver.
Defined devices listen for
multicast packets.
☑
UNICAST
Single host to single receiver.
Packets to specified interface.
ANYCAST
◘
Single sender to address list.
Packets to specified interfaces
including nodes
& routers.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
◘
38
IPv6 Routing
UNICAST
Single host to single receiver.
Packets to specified interface.
How is this helpful
in operations?
MULTICAST
☑
X
☑
Single host to multi receiver.
Defined devices listen for
multicast packets.
☑
ANYCAST
◘
Single sender to address list.
Packets to specified interfaces
including nodes
& routers.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
◘
39
IPv6 Routing
UNICAST
Single host to single receiver.
Packets to specified interface.
Data Routing
¾ Where ?
¾ What ?
MULTICAST
☑
X
☑
Single host to multi receiver.
Defined devices listen for
multicast packets.
☑
ANYCAST
◘
Single sender to address list.
Packets to specified interfaces
including nodes
& routers.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
◘
40
I invented nothing new. I simply assembled into
a car the discoveries of other men behind
whom were centuries of work.
HENRY FORD
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
41
I invented nothing new. I simply assembled into
a car the discoveries of other men behind
whom were centuries of work.
HENRY FORD
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
42
Automobile
• Seat
• Cockpits
• Wheels
• Exhaust
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
43
Automobile
• Seat
• Cockpits
• Wheels
• Exhaust
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
44
BOM Explosion
Automobile
• Seat
• Cockpits
• Wheels
• Exhaust
Variant
Configuration
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
45
Relativistic Identification of Information
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
46
Sets, Subsets, Identification, Relation, Data
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
47
Components: Inventory Optimization in Supply Chain
PART 31
40
SEA ($20)
6
PART 23
21
DAL ($30)
PART 18
22
DAL ($35)
4
PART 38
NJ ($8)
PART 32
NJ ($22)
6
2
8
PART 39
TAI ($15)
5
28
6
3
PART 35
NJ ($35)
2
3
6
1
PART 36
11
NJ ($40)
3
3
PART 37
DAL ($8)
2
50
PART 19
22
DAL ($210)
PART 4
26
DAL ($285)
PART 12
23
DAL ($260)
1
6
3
PART 5
DAL ($3)
2
PART 27
NJ ($4)
9
4
PART 13
24
MEX ($11)
1
8
PART 29
12
WAS ($40)
PART 14
10
MEX ($4)
8
PART 1
30
DAL ($535)
4
PART 7
21
DAL ($9)
3
PART 20
18
WAS ($42)
3
6
PART 21
35
41
NZ ($18)
PART 15
26
DAL ($60)
5
PART 16
25
DAL ($21)
5
Source: Professor David Simchi-Levi
MIT
for Supply
Innovation
Dr Forum
Shoumen
PalitChain
Austin
Datta <
and Inventory Analyst from LOGIC TOOLS
PART 6
26
DAL ($18)
14
PART 28
16
DAL ($12)
12
4
4
3
7
13
PART 42
PHI ($2)
1
1
3
PART 41
PHI ($32)
3
PART 26
16
DAL ($80)
2
PART 34
10
WAS ($25)
2
PART 2
26
DAL ($55)
PART 3
26
DAL ($6)
PART 25
13
WAS ($75)
3
PART 33
10
WAS ($30)
9
35
PART 40
12
NZ ($22)
1
PART 24
14
NJ ($30)
8
PART 11
25
DAL ($40)
PART 8
26
DAL ($65)
30
PART 9
26
DAL ($30)
1
PART 10
PART 17
3
PART 30
PART 22
26
14
4
11
DAL ($35)
DAL ($30)
PHI ($6)
DAL ($28)
shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
3
12
16
48
DVD
Birthday / Anniversary Present
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
GIFT BOX
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
GIFT SET
XBOX GAME
CD Book+Soundtrack
DVD Item
DVD Disc
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
49
DVD
Birthday / Anniversary Present
Logistics
Manufacturer
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
3PL
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
Goods Receipt
GIFT BOX
Distribution Schedule
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
Transportation Zone
GIFT SET
Distribution Center
XBOX GAME
Store Identifier
CD Book+Soundtrack
Receiving Personnel
DVD Item
Plan-o-gram Compliance
DVD Disc
Shelf
DVD Case
B/A Present
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
50
Manufacturer
Product
3PL
Goods Receipt
Distribution Planning
Transportation Zone
Distribution Center
Store Identifier
Receiving Personnel
Plan-o-gram Compliance
Shelf
B/A Value-Pack Present
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
GIFT BOX
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
GIFT SET
XBOX GAME
CD Book+Soundtrack
DVD Item
DVD Disc
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
51
SCM
Manufacturer
Attributes
3PL
Goods Receipt
Parameters
Distribution Planning
Transportation Zone
Distribution Center
Store Identifier
Receiving Personnel
Plan-o-gram Compliance
Shelf
B/A Value-Pack
COMPOSITION
FLAMMABILITY
BOILING POINT
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
MATERIAL
MOULDING
COLOUR
COATING
SUPPLIER
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
GIFT BOX
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
GIFT SET
XBOX GAME
CD Book+Soundtrack
DVD Item
DVD Disc
OEM, 3PL
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
52
SCM
Attributes
Manufacturer
3PL
Parameters
Goods Receipt
Distribution Planning
Transportation Zone
Distribution Center
Store Identifier
Data
Receiving Personnel
Plan-o-gram Compliance
Shelf
B/A Value-Pack
COMPOSITION
FLAMMABILITY
BOILING POINT
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
MATERIAL
MOULDING
COLOUR
COATING
SUPPLIER
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
GIFT BOX
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
GIFT SET
XBOX GAME
CD Book+Soundtrack
DVD Item
DVD Disc
OEM, 3PL
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
53
Data Cube
(Marvin Minsky)
8 corners of larger cube
8 Agents repeated 8 times
8 corners of this cube
1 corner = 1 Agent
8 Agents connected
8 Agents
= 512
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
54
Data Cube
(Marvin Minsky)
512
512
512
Large Hadron Collider (CERN, 2007)
800 million collisions/second (12 DVD/min)
- courses and trajectory changes
- energies of particles involved in collisions
- where and when
512
512
512
Organize parameters, attributes, data
- collection of independent variables
- relationship analysis obvious/non-obvious
Metereology – climate models
Epidemiology – spread of infection (H5N1)
Health – independent living / micro-sensing
eGovernment – pension, medicare billing
512
Repeat this cube-on-cube pattern 10 times (10 steps).
Supercube (810 = 1, 073,741,824) will contain over 1 billion Agents.
Data
Each Agent in the original smallest cube (of 8 Agents) can
communicate with 1 billion Agents (sources, variables) in 10 steps.
Link each Agent to 50 other Agents:
Each Agent communicates with >15 billion Agents in 6 steps (506).
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
55
DATA
CUBE
Birthday / Anniversary Present
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
GIFT BOX
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
Data
GIFT SET
XBOX GAME
AUDIO BOOK
DVD Item
DVD Disc
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
56
DATA
ID
Birthday / Anniversary Present
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
GIFT BOX
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
GIFT SET
COMPOSITION
FLAMMABILITY
BOILING POINT
XBOX GAME
MATERIAL
MOULDING
AUDIO BOOK
DVD Item
COLOUR
DVD Disc
COATING
DVD Case
SUPPLIER
OEM, 3PL
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
57
How many ERP
Systems ?
Manufacturer
3PL
How many Decision
Systems ?
Goods Receipt
Distribution
How many System
ofPlanning
Systems ?
Transportation Zone
How many Interoperable
Systems ?
Distribution Center
Store Identifier
How many Item Numbering
Systems ?
Receiving Personnel
Plan-o-gram Compliance
How many Numbering
System Translators ?
Shelf
Birthday/Anniversary Value-Pack Present
COMPOSITION
FLAMMABILITY
MATERIAL
BOILING POINT
MOULDING
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
COLOUR
GIFT BOX
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
GIFT SET
COATING
XBOX GAME
SUPPLIER
CD Book+Soundtrack
OEM, 3PL
DVD Item
DVD Disc
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
58
Heterogeneity in Data Acquisition
Electric
Waves
Radio
Waves
Infra-red
Long
Medium
Short
Wave
Wave
Wave
9kHz
30kHz
VLF
LF
300kHz
3MHz
MF
30MHz
0.5
SW Radio
1.7
300MHz
VHF
433 MHz
EPC
AM Radio
Ultra-
3GHz
UHF
Gamma
30GHz
SHF
300GHz
30
40
TV 2-6
54
FM Radio
88
TV 7-13
108 174
TV 14-69
216
470
Cordless Ph
806
902
3000GHz
2.45 GHz
EPC
Garage
Cosmic
EHF
860-930 MHz
WiMax
GPS
1.2
Cell Ph
1.6 1.8
MHz
2.1
BluT, WiFi
802.11a
2.4
5.0
IC
Satel TV
5.8 10.7
12.5
GHz
13.56
125
X-Rays
Radio Spectrum
HF
13.56 MHz
125 KHz
Visible
433
MULTI
UHF
MULTI
591
Unifying Frequency Agnostic Standard ?
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
60
Speed vs Power
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
61
UWB vs WiFi: 100X speed at one-tenth power
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
62
Homogeneity in Data Acquisition ?
Electric
Waves
Radio
Waves
Infra-red
Long
Medium
Short
Wave
Wave
Wave
9kHz
30kHz
VLF
LF
300kHz
3MHz
MF
30MHz
0.5
SW Radio
1.7
300MHz
VHF
433 MHz
EPC
AM Radio
Ultra-
X-Rays
Gamma
3GHz
UHF
30GHz
SHF
300GHz
30
40
TV 2-6
54
FM Radio
88
TV 7-13
108 174
TV 14-69
216
470
2.45 GHz
860-930 MHz
WiMax
Cordless Ph
806
902
3000GHz
EHF
EPC
Garage
Cosmic
Radio Spectrum
HF
13.56 MHz
125 KHz
Visible
GPS
1.2
Cell Ph
1.6 1.8
2.1
BluT, WiFi
802.11a
2.4
5.0
IC
Satel TV
5.8 10.7
MHz
12.5
GHz
13.56
125
433
UHF
MULTI
MULTI
FREQUENCY AGNOSTIC :: U L T R A W I D E B A N D
SDR
SDR
SDR
SDR
SDR
FREQUENCY AGNOSTIC :: SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO 631
Boston to San Francisco : Answers, not Numbers!
Identity of Information
151 193 204 72
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
64
Boston to San Francisco : Answers, not Numbers!
Identity of Information
151 193 204 72
32
2
IPv4
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
65
Bi l
l
ts
c
e
j
b
fO
o
s
io n
3.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
31.0
53.0
200.0
205.0
J&J
Kimberly Clark
Tesco
Unilever
Philip Morris
Wal-Mart
P&G
International Paper
Coca-Cola
US Postal Service
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
66
Bi l
l
ts
c
e
j
b
fO
o
s
io n
3.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
31.0
53.0
200.0
205.0
J&J
Kimberly Clark
Tesco
Unilever
Philip Morris
Wal-Mart
P&G
International Paper
Coca-Cola
US Postal Service
i l li
r
T
o
of
s
n
o
Pr
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
c
es
s
es
67
Bi l
l
ts
c
e
j
b
fO
o
s
io n
3.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
31.0
53.0
200.0
205.0
J&J
Kimberly Clark
Tesco
Unilever
Philip Morris
Wal-Mart
P&G
International Paper
Coca-Cola
US Postal Service
o
Pr
c
es
s
es
s
f
e
i
o
t
s
ti
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n
o
de
i l li
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ns
o
i
ll
i
t
Oc
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
68
Bi l
l
ts
c
e
j
b
fO
o
s
io n
3.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
31.0
53.0
200.0
205.0
es
s
J&J
es
c
Kimberly Clark
ro
P
f
es
i
o
Tesco
t
i
s
t
n
n
o
e
Unilever
i l li
Id
r
f
T
o
Philip Morris
s
n
o
i
l
Wal-Mart
ti l
c
O
P&G
International Paper
Coca-Cola
US Post
32-bit address space (IPv4) allows 232 or 4,294,967,296
possible unique addresses (id). A 128-bit address space
used for the design of the IP version 6 allows for 2128 or
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
(3.4x1038) possible unique addresses. EPC is a 64-bit format
for 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 or 1.8x1019 unique object id.
96-bit identifies 79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336
(7.9x1028) objects with RFID tags but excludes “process” id.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
69
Mobile
Dynamic
Network
ts
c
je
b
fO
o
es
s
s
s
n
e
o
c
i
l
ro
s
Bi l
P
e
i
f
t
o
ti
s
n
on
de
i
I
l
l
ta
i
f
r
a
o
T
D
s
f
n
o
io
l
s
l
i
e
t
t
by
Oc
a
Ex
SCM
Logistics
Transportation
Manufacturer
3PL
Goods Receipt
Distribution Planning
Transportation Zone
Distribution Center
Store Identifier
Receiving Personnel
Plan-o-gram Compliance
Shelf
B/A Value-Pack Present
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
GIFT BOX
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
GIFT SET
XBOX GAME
CD Book+Soundtrack
DVD Item
DVD Disc
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
70
Why IPv6
IPv6 converges
object, process,
location, data
Manufacturer
3PL
Goods Receipt
ts
c
je
b
fO
o
es
s
s
s
n
e
o
c
i
l
ro
s
Bi l
P
e
i
f
t
o
ti
s
n
on
de
i
I
l
l
ta
i
f
r
a
o
T
D
s
f
n
o
io
l
s
l
i
e
t
t
by
Oc
a
Ex
Distribution Planning
Transportation Zone
Distribution Center
Store Identifier
Receiving Personnel
Plan-o-gram Compliance
Shelf
B/A Value-Pack Present
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
GIFT BOX
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
GIFT SET
XBOX GAME
CD Book+Soundtrack
DVD Item
DVD Disc
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
71
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
Manufacturer
3PL
Goods Receipt
Distribution Planning
Transportation Zone
Distribution Center
Store Identifier
Receiving Personnel
Plan-o-gram Compliance
Shelf
B/A Value-Pack Present
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
GIFT BOX
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
GIFT SET
XBOX GAME
CD Book+Soundtrack
DVD Item
DVD Disc
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
72
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
Manufacturer
3PL
Goods Receipt
Distribution Planning
Transportation Zone
Distribution Center
Store Identifier
Receiving Personnel
Plan-o-gram Compliance
Shelf
B/A Value-Pack Present
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
GIFT BOX
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
GIFT SET
XBOX GAME
CD Book+Soundtrack
DVD Item
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Disc
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
73
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
Manufacturer
3PL
Goods Receipt
Distribution Planning
Transportation Zone
Distribution Center
Store Identifier
Receiving Personnel
Plan-o-gram Compliance
Shelf
B/A Value-Pack Present
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
DVD “item” id
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
GIFT BOX
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
GIFT SET
XBOX GAME
CD Book+Soundtrack
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E8 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Item
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Disc
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
74
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
Manufacturer
3PL
Goods Receipt
Distribution Planning
Transportation Zone
Distribution Center
Store Identifier
Receiving Personnel
Plan-o-gram Compliance
Shelf
B/A Value-Pack Present
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
DVD “item”
includes DVD
disc id and DVD
case id as subsets
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E8 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
GIFT BOX
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
GIFT SET
XBOX GAME
CD Book+Soundtrack
DVD Item
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Disc
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
75
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
Manufacturer
3PL
Goods Receipt
Distribution Planning
Value-Pack id
as a domain
(super-set)
Transportation Zone
Distribution Center
Store Identifier
Receiving Personnel
Plan-o-gram Compliance
Shelf
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : EE : FE07 : 9B2D
B/A Value-Pack Present
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E1 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E2 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E3 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E4 : FE07 : 9B2D
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E5 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT SET
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E6 : FE07 : 9B2D
XBOX GAME
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E7 : FE07 : 9B2D
CD Book+Soundtrack
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E8 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Item
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Disc
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
76
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
Value-Pack id
as a domain
(super-set)
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : EE : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E1 : FE07 : 9B2D
Re-inventing
EPC ?
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E2 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E3 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E4 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E5 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E6 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E7 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E8 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
77
Electronic Product Code (64-bit)
01.0203D2A.916E8B.0719BAE03C
EPC
19
64
2 = 1.8x10
24
Header: 4 bits = 16
ePC Mgr: 16 bits = 65,536
216
Object Class: 16 bits = 65,536
216
228
Serial Number: 28 bits = 268, 435,456
Designed for object identification as data
from radio frequency tags, such as, RFID.
Not designed for syntax and information
processes of the type who, where, when.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
78
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
mapping EPC
Value-Pack id
as a domain
(super-set)
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : EE : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E1 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E2 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E3 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E4 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E5 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E6 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E7 : FE07 : 9B2D
Map EPC
to IPv6
01.0203D2A.916E8B.0719BAE03C
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E8 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
79
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
Manufacturer
3PL
Goods Receipt
Distribution Planning
Shelf has id
and process
Domain
change
Transportation Zone
Distribution Center
Store Identifier
Receiving Personnel
Plan-o-gram Compliance
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE07 : 9B2D
Shelf
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : EE : FE07 : 9B2D
B/A Value-Pack Present
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E1 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E2 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E3 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E4 : FE07 : 9B2D
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E5 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT SET
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E6 : FE07 : 9B2D
XBOX GAME
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E7 : FE07 : 9B2D
CD Book+Soundtrack
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E8 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Item
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Disc
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
80
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
Manufacturer
3PL
Goods Receipt
Distribution Planning
Plan-0-Gram
is a process
Transportation Zone
Distribution Center
Store Identifier
Receiving Personnel
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE17 : 9B2D
Plan-o-gram Compliance
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE07 : 9B2D
Shelf
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : EE : FE07 : 9B2D
B/A Value-Pack Present
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E1 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E2 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E3 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E4 : FE07 : 9B2D
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E5 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT SET
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E6 : FE07 : 9B2D
XBOX GAME
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E7 : FE07 : 9B2D
CD Book+Soundtrack
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E8 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Item
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Disc
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
81
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
Manufacturer
3PL
Goods Receipt
Distribution Planning
Domain
change
Plan-0-Gram
is a process
Transportation Zone
Distribution Center
Store Identifier
Receiving Personnel
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE17 : 9B2D
Plan-o-gram Compliance
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE07 : 9B2D
Shelf
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : EE : FE07 : 9B2D
B/A Value-Pack Present
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E1 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E2 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E3 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E4 : FE07 : 9B2D
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E5 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT SET
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E6 : FE07 : 9B2D
XBOX GAME
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E7 : FE07 : 9B2D
CD Book+Soundtrack
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E8 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Item
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Disc
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
82
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5A
Manufacturer
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5B
3PL
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5C
Goods Receipt
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5D
Distribution Planning
OEM Domain
3PL Domain
DC Domain
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C4D
Transportation Zone
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C3D
Distribution Center
Store Domain
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9B2D
Store Identifier
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE27 : 9B2D
Receiving Personnel
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE17 : 9B2D
Plan-o-gram Compliance
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE07 : 9B2D
Shelf
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : EE : FE07 : 9B2D
B/A Value-Pack Present
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E1 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E2 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
Domains maps for
who, where, why
possible in IPv6.
Convergence of
object, process
location, data
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E3 : FE07 : 9B2D
Object id Domain
GIFT BOX
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E4 : FE07 : 9B2D
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E5 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT SET
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E6 : FE07 : 9B2D
XBOX GAME
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E7 : FE07 : 9B2D
CD Book+Soundtrack
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E8 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Item
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Disc
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
83
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5A
Unique id relates
to all information
and data subsets.
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
Manufacturer
3PL
Goods Receipt
Distribution Planning
Transportation Zone
Distribution Center
Store Identifier
Receiving Personnel
Plan-o-gram Compliance
Shelf
B/A Value-Pack Present
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
GIFT BOX
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
GIFT SET
XBOX GAME
CD Book+Soundtrack
DVD Item
DVD Disc
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
84
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5A
Manufacturer
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5B
3PL
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5C
Goods Receipt
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5D
Distribution Planning
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C4D
Transportation Zone
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C3D
Distribution Center
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9B2D
Store Identifier
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE27 : 9B2D
Receiving Personnel
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE17 : 9B2D
Plan-o-gram Compliance
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE07 : 9B2D
Shelf
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : EE : FE07 : 9B2D
B/A Value-Pack Present
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E1 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E2 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E3 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E4 : FE07 : 9B2D
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E5 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT SET
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E6 : FE07 : 9B2D
XBOX GAME
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E7 : FE07 : 9B2D
CD Book+Soundtrack
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E8 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Item
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Disc
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
85
IPv6 Routing
UNICAST
Single host to single receiver.
Packets to specified interface.
How is this helpful
in operations?
MULTICAST
☑
X
☑
Single host to multi receiver.
Defined devices listen for
multicast packets.
☑
ANYCAST
◘
Single sender to address list.
Packets to specified interfaces
including nodes
& routers.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
◘
86
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5A
Manufacturer
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5B
3PL
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5C
Goods Receipt
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5D
Distribution Planning
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
**
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C4D
Transportation Zone
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C3D
Distribution Center
LOOK HERE
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9B2D
Store Identifier
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE27 : 9B2D
Receiving Personnel
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE17 : 9B2D
Plan-o-gram Compliance
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE07 : 9B2D
Shelf
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : EE : FE07 : 9B2D
B/A Value-Pack Present
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E1 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E2 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E3 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E4 : FE07 : 9B2D
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E5 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT SET
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E6 : FE07 : 9B2D
XBOX GAME
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E7 : FE07 : 9B2D
CD Book+Soundtrack
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E8 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Item
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Disc
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
87
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5A
Manufacturer
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5B
3PL
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5C
Goods Receipt
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5D
Distribution Planning
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
**
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C4D
Transportation Zone
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C3D
Distribution Center
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9B2D
Store Identifier
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE27 : 9B2D
Receiving Personnel
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE17 : 9B2D
Plan-o-gram Compliance
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE07 : 9B2D
Shelf
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : EE : FE07 : 9B2D
B/A Value-Pack Present
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E1 : FE07 : 9B2D
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
MULTICAST
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E2 : FE07 : 9B2D
☑
X
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E3 : FE07 : 9B2D
☑
GIFT BOX
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E4 : FE07 : 9B2D
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
Single
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E5 : FE07
: 9B2Dhost
GIFT SET
to multi receiver.
Defined devices listen for
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E6 : FE07 : 9B2D
multicast packets.
☑
XBOX GAME
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E7 : FE07 : 9B2D
CD Book+Soundtrack
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E8 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Item
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Disc
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
88
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5A
Manufacturer
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5B
3PL
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5C
Goods Receipt
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5D
Distribution Planning
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
**
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C4D
Transportation Zone
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C3D
Distribution Center
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9B2D
Store Identifier
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE27 : 9B2D
Receiving Personnel
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE17 : 9B2D
Plan-o-gram Compliance
Shelf
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE07 : 9B2D
B/A Value-Pack Present
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : EE : FE07 : 9B2D
** 3PL transmits
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E1 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C50
MULTICAST
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
to Regional Distribution
Center & Store
GIFT BOX
Manufacturer is automatically updated.
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E2 : FE07 : 9B2D
☑
X
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E3 : FE07 : 9B2D
☑
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E4 : FE07 : 9B2D
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
Single
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E5 : FE07
: 9B2Dhost
GIFT SET
to multi receiver.
Defined devices listen for
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E6 : FE07 : 9B2D
multicast packets.
☑
XBOX GAME
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E7 : FE07 : 9B2D
CD Book+Soundtrack
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E8 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Item
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Disc
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
89
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5A
Manufacturer
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5B
3PL
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5C
Goods Receipt
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5D
Distribution Planning
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
**
Transportation Zone
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C4D
Id transmitted
Distribution Center
is different
Store Identifier
than id linked.
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C3D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9B2D
Receiving Personnel
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE27 : 9B2D
Plan-o-gram Compliance
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE17 : 9B2D
Shelf
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE07 : 9B2D
B/A Value-Pack Present
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : EE : FE07 : 9B2D
** 3PL transmits
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E1 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C50
MULTICAST
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
to Regional Distribution
Center & Store
GIFT BOX
Manufacturer is automatically updated.
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E2 : FE07 : 9B2D
☑
X
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E3 : FE07 : 9B2D
☑
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E4 : FE07 : 9B2D
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
Single
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E5 : FE07
: 9B2Dhost
GIFT SET
to multi receiver.
Defined devices listen for
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E6 : FE07 : 9B2D
multicast packets.
☑
XBOX GAME
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E7 : FE07 : 9B2D
CD Book+Soundtrack
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E8 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Item
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Disc
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
90
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5A
Manufacturer
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5B
3PL
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5C
Goods Receipt
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5D
Distribution Planning
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
**
Transportation Zone
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C4D
Id transmitted
DistributionWhy?
Center
is different
Store Identifier
than id linked.
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C3D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9B2D
Receiving Personnel
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE27 : 9B2D
Plan-o-gram Compliance
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE17 : 9B2D
Shelf
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE07 : 9B2D
B/A Value-Pack Present
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : EE : FE07 : 9B2D
** 3PL transmits
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E1 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C50
MULTICAST
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
to Regional Distribution
Center & Store
GIFT BOX
Manufacturer is automatically updated.
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E2 : FE07 : 9B2D
☑
X
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E3 : FE07 : 9B2D
☑
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E4 : FE07 : 9B2D
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
Single
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E5 : FE07
: 9B2Dhost
GIFT SET
to multi receiver.
Defined devices listen for
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E6 : FE07 : 9B2D
multicast packets.
☑
XBOX GAME
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E7 : FE07 : 9B2D
CD Book+Soundtrack
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E8 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Item
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Disc
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
91
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5A
Manufacturer
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5B
3PL
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5C
Goods Receipt
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5D
Distribution Planning
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
**
Transportation Zone
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C4D
Id transmitted
Distribution Center
is id shown +
Store Identifier
arrival times.
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C3D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9B2D
Receiving Personnel
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE27 : 9B2D
Plan-o-gram Compliance
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE17 : 9B2D
Shelf
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE07 : 9B2D
B/A Value-Pack Present
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : EE : FE07 : 9B2D
** 3PL transmits
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E1 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C50
MULTICAST
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
to Regional Distribution
Center & Store
GIFT BOX
Manufacturer is automatically updated.
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E2 : FE07 : 9B2D
☑
X
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E3 : FE07 : 9B2D
☑
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E4 : FE07 : 9B2D
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
Single
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E5 : FE07
: 9B2Dhost
GIFT SET
to multi receiver.
Defined devices listen for
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E6 : FE07 : 9B2D
multicast packets.
☑
XBOX GAME
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E7 : FE07 : 9B2D
CD Book+Soundtrack
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E8 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Item
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Disc
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
92
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5A
Manufacturer
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5B
3PL
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5C
Goods Receipt
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C5D
Distribution Planning
IPv6 converges
object, process
location, data
**
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C4D
Transportation Zone
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C3D
Distribution Center
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9B2D
Store Identifier
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE27 : 9B2D
Receiving Personnel
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE17 : 9B2D
Plan-o-gram Compliance
Shelf
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE07 : 9B2D
B/A Value-Pack Present
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : EE : FE07 : 9B2D
** 3PL transmits
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E1 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : FF : FE28 : 9C50
MULTICAST
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
to Regional Distribution
Center & Store
GIFT BOX
Manufacturer is automatically updated.
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E2 : FE07 : 9B2D
☑
X
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E3 : FE07 : 9B2D
☑
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E4 : FE07 : 9B2D
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
Single
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E5 : FE07
: 9B2Dhost
GIFT SET
to multi receiver.
Defined devices listen for
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E6 : FE07 : 9B2D
multicast packets.
☑
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E7 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E8 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E9 : FE07 : 9B2D
21DA : D3 : 0 : 2F3B : 2AA : E0 : FE07 : 9B2D
XBOX GAME
CD Book+Soundtrack
Manufacturer
is a “defined
DVD Item
device” process.
DVD Disc
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
93
Benefit from IPv6 Format with Data Routing
Related Information Integration and Systems Interoperability
System C
System A
System B
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
94
Process, Data, Identity & Information
PC
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
95
Process, Data, Identity & Information
PC
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
96
Process, Data, Identity & Information
PC
IPv4
sensors
tag
reader
middleware
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
internet
97
Process, Data, Identity & Information
PC
IPv4
IPv6
sensors
sensors
tag
OS
DB
INP
reader
middleware
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
internet
internet
98
MANET (Mobile ad hoc Networks)
Cube-on-Cube
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
99
MANET (Mobile ad hoc Networks)
Cube-on-Cube
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
100
MANET (Mobile ad hoc Networks)
1 mm
1 mm
60 billion interfaces
per square mm
requires unique id
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
101
MANET (Mobile ad hoc Networks)
1 mm
1 mm
60 billion interfaces
per square mm
requires unique id
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
102
MANET (Mobile ad hoc Networks)
Layer is 100 km deep
or 1,000,000,000 mm
1 mm
1 mm
60 billion interfaces
per square mm
requires unique id
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
103
Examples of Mobile ad hoc Networks: Automobile Industry & Civil Engineering
Layer is 100 km deep
or 1,000,000,000 mm
DEEPLY EMBEDDED SENSOR NETWORKS
1 mm
1 mm
Automobile
Building
60 billion interfaces
per square mm
with unique IPv6 id
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
104
MANET (Mobile ad hoc Networks)
Cube-on-Cube
Layer is 100 km deep
or 1,000,000,000 mm
DEEPLY EMBEDDED SENSOR NETWORKS
1 mm
1 mm
60 billion interfaces
per square mm Earth
with unique IPv6 id
Earth’s Surface
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
105
TRANSPORTATION = Mobile ad hoc Networks
Cube-on-Cube
Layer is 100 km deep
or 1,000,000,000 mm
DEEPLY EMBEDDED SENSOR NETWORKS
1 mm
1 mm
60 billion interfaces
per square mm Earth
with unique IPv6 id
Logistics Network
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
106
MANET
SCM
Logistics
Transportation
Manufacturer
3PL
Goods Receipt
ts
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es
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s
n
e
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s
Bi l
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Oc
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Ex
Distribution Planning
Transportation Zone
Distribution Center
Store Identifier
Receiving Personnel
Plan-o-gram Compliance
Shelf
B/A Value-Pack Present
GIFT BOX RFID Tag
GIFT BOX Acrylic Casing
GIFT BOX
WiMax-WiFi Connect Card
GIFT SET
XBOX GAME
CD Book+Soundtrack
DVD Item
DVD Disc
DVD Case
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
107
End of the Information Age
Making
Sense
of
Data
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
108
The End of the Information Age
The Systems Age
• Interoperability
• Transparency
• Collaboration
• Adaptability
• Identity
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
109
Granger & Engle captures the time varying volatility of the random error term
AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (Granger & Engle, Nobel Prize in Economics, 2003)
Ny
K
Nx
kt
yt = β0 + ∑φjyt-j + ∑ ∑αki xkt-i + εt
j=1
?
Distributor
DistributorOrders
Orders
Retailer Orders
k=1 i = 1
Customer
Customer
Demand
Demand
Production Plan
Production Plan
Time
Variance of random error term over time depends on previous lagged errors (t-1, t-2, …., t-q)
σt2 = θ0 + θ1ε2t-1 + θ2ε2t-2 + …. + θqε2t-q
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
110
Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity
Ny
K
Nx
kt
yt = β0 + ∑φjyt-j + ∑ ∑αki xkt-i + εt
j=1
k=1 i = 1
σt2 = θ0 + θ1ε2t-1 + θ2ε2t-2 + …. + θqε2t-q
Variance of the random error term DEPENDS NOT ONLY on previous lagged errors
(t-1, t-2, …., t-q) but also on LAGGED VALES OF THE VARIANCE (t-1, t-2, …, t-p)
K
Ny
Nx
kt
yt = β0 + ∑φjyt-j + ∑ ∑αki xkt-i + εt
k=1 i = 1
j=1
q
p
i=1
j=1
σt2 = θ0 + ∑ θi ε2t- i + ∑τj σ2t-j
Making
Sense
of
Data
Datta, S. and Granger, C.W.J. (2006) MIT ESD Working Paper
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
111
Network Effect
Vector AutoRegression (VAR) + GARCH
n = 2, p = 1
2 locations
1 lag period
Single SKU
K
Nx
kt
y1t = β0 + ∑ ∑αki xkt-i + φ11y1t-1 + φ12y2t-1 + ε1t
k=1 i = 1
K
Nx
kt
y2t = β0 + ∑ ∑αki xkt-i + φ21y1t-1 + φ22y2t-1 + ε2t
k=1 i = 1
q
p
σ1t2 = θ0 + ∑ θi ε21t-i + ∑τj σ21t-j
i=1
j=1
q
p
σ2t2 = θ0 + ∑ θi ε22t-i + ∑τj σ22t-j
i=1
j=1
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
112
ROI from very high volume auto id data
n = 10; p = 1,000
10 locations
1,000 lags
K
Nx
kt
y1t = β0 + ∑ ∑αki xkt-i + φ11y1t-1 + φ12y2t-1 + ε1t
k=1 i = 1
Estimate Coefficients:
10,000 φ
+
10,000 for x’s
=
20,000 per stage
or
200,000 for n=10
(excluding constants
and error coefficients)
K
Nx
kt
y2t = β0 + ∑ ∑αki xkt-i + φ21y1t-1 + φ22y2t-1 + ε2t
k=1 i = 1
q
p
σ1t2 = θ0 + ∑ θi ε21t-i + ∑τj σ21t-j
i=1
j=1
q
p
σ2t2 = θ0 + ∑ θi ε22t-i + ∑τj σ22t-j
i=1
j=1
Datta, S. and Granger, C.W.J. (2006) MIT ESD Working Paper
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
113
Transforming EBM to ABM
Cross-docking Variables: Decouple ‘Chains’ to Include/Exclude Local Effects
Traditional EBM (CLRM example): Sales of Aspirin and Variables that Impact Sales
EBM - Explanatory Variables
Example of X:
[1] Inventory
[2] Price
[K] Expiration
yt = β0 + β1x1t + β2x2t + ... + βKxKt + εt
Inventory
Agent
Price
Agent
Expiration
Agent
ABM - Agents in EBM DSS
Transformed EBM plus ABM within CLRM construct: Sales of Aspirin
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
114
Decoupling Equation-Based Models (EBM)
Agent-integrated entity models can learn to rapidly adapt to changes
Inventory
Price
Expiration
yt = β0 + β1x1t + β2x2t + ... + βKxKt + εt
yt = β0 + β1x1t + β2x2t + ... + βKxKt + εt
yt = β0 + β1x1t + a2z2t + ... + βKxKt + εt
CROSS-DOCKING VARIABLES
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
115
Source: From Neurons to the Brain
Making Sense of Data: Introducing Elementary AI
Basic Neural Circuits
1161
Source: Marvin Minsky, AI Lab, MIT
Difference Engines (1950)
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
117
AI
Lesson
from
Ants
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
118
Swarm Intelligence: Ant–based Algorithms
X
A
X
A
Pheromone
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
119
Adaptive ?
X
A
X
A
X
A
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
120
Decision Systems: SECURITY
BROAD
HORIZON
CUSTOMS
ENERGY
HEALTHCARE
COMPONENTS
NARROW
HORIZON
NON
OBVIOUS
OBVIOUS
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
121
Obvious vs Non-Obvious Relationship Analysis
Excise
Obvious
Duty
Drugs
Non-Obvious
CUSTOMS
CUSTOMS
Non-Obvious
Security
Supply
Chain
Obvious
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
122
Uncertainty fuels demand for Risk Simulation
Excise
Obvious
Assigning the correct degree
of fear to distant elephants!
Duty
Drugs
Uncertainty
Non-Obvious
Non-
CUSTOMS
CUSTOMS
Security
Supply
Chain
Obvious
Customs – Security Risk
Business – Supply Chain Risk
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
123
Customs: Information Arbitrage
The Systems Age
The World Is Not Flat
• Interoperability
• Transparency
• Collaboration
• Adaptability
• Identity
Sensors
Tag
Reader
Systems
Internet
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
124
Operation Safe Commerce: Answers, not Numbers
Goal:
Identify Weak Links in Supply Chain
Scope:
Use GPS-RFID track & trace from overseas
origin to US destinations
Users:
Included Sara Lee and Motorola
Duration:
2002-2005
Ports:
SEA-TAC, LA, NY-NJ
Cost :
$75 million
Report:
Due 2005 February
Published:
None Released
Rumour:
Companies know very little about their supply chain
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
125
Operation Safe Commerce
C-TPAT
ATS
> Operational Transparency
ACE
Forecast Risk
e-manifest
Tier 1
• Vehicle Identification
• Driver’s Passport Number
• Address of Importer
Attests company performs risk analysis of supply
chain and has mitigation mechanisms in place.
Tier 2
ATDI
Attestation audited by Customs.
100 Data Elements
Tier 3
Audited by Customs for best
practices in supply chain and
information (data) sharing.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Trucking Route
Driver Id (Biometrics)
Cargo Id (Biomarkers)
Purchase Order
Proof of Delivery
Advance Shipping Notice
Ports of Passage
Destination
Origin
C-TPAT
> Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (may be mandated 2008)
ACE
> Automated Commercial Environment (the enterprise system equivalent)
ATDI
> Advanced Trade Data Initiative (may be necessary for C-TPAT Tier 3)
Data in multiple databases. Lack of
Dr
Shoumen
Palit
Austin DattaTargeting
< shoumen@mit.edu
> MIT
Forum for
Supply
Chain Innovation & MIT School
of Engineering
126
interoperability
creates blind spots.
ATS
> Automated
System (in
operation
since
1990’s)
IPv6 Routing
UNICAST
Single host to single receiver.
Packets to specified interface.
How is this helpful
in global security?
MULTICAST
☑
X
☑
Single host to multi receiver.
Defined devices listen for
multicast packets.
☑
ANYCAST
◘
Single sender to address list.
Packets to specified interfaces
including nodes
& routers.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
◘
127
Operation Safe Commerce
C-TPAT
ATS
> Risk and Threat Assessment
ACE
Forecast Risk
e-manifest
Tier 1
• Vehicle Identification
• Driver’s Passport Number
• Address of Importer
Attests company performs risk analysis of supply
chain and has mitigation mechanisms in place.
Tier 2
ATDI
ANYCAST
MULTICAST
Attestation audited by Customs.
◘
100 Data Elements
Tier 3
• Trucking Route
• Driver Id (Biometrics)
• Cargo Id (Biomarkers)
Audited by Customs for best
• Purchase Order
Single
sender
to
address
list.
practices in supply chain and
• Proof of Delivery
information
(data)to
sharing.
Packets
specified interfaces
• Advance Shipping Notice
including nodes
& routers.
• Ports of Passage
• Destination
• Origin
◘
☑
X
☑
Single host to multi receiver.
Defined devices listen for
multicast packets.
☑
C-TPAT
> Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (may be mandated 2008)
ACE
> Automated Commercial Environment (the enterprise system equivalent)
ATDI
> Advanced Trade Data Initiative (may be necessary for C-TPAT Tier 3)
Data in multiple databases. Lack of
Dr
Shoumen
Palit
Austin DattaTargeting
< shoumen@mit.edu
> MIT
Forum for
Supply
Chain Innovation & MIT School
of Engineering
128
interoperability
creates blind spots.
ATS
> Automated
System (in
operation
since
1990’s)
Operation Safe Commerce
C-TPAT
ATS
IPv6 Routing
> SCM & Logistics Transparency
ACE
Forecast Risk
e-manifest
Tier 1
• Vehicle Identification
• Driver’s Passport Number
• Address of Importer
Attests company performs risk analysis of supply
chain and has mitigation mechanisms in place.
Send e-manifest to
ATDICustoms agencies
in all ports of call.
Tier 2
ANYCAST
Attestation audited by Customs.
◘
100 Data Elements
Tier 3
• Trucking Route
• Driver Id (Biometrics)
• Cargo Id (Biomarkers)
Audited
by Customs
for best
Single
sender
to address list.• Purchase Order
practices in supply chain and
Packets
tosharing.
specified interfaces
• Proof of Delivery
information
(data)
• Advance Shipping Notice
including nodes
& routers.
• Ports of Passage
• Destination
• Origin
Customs “nodes”
can inform (route)
inspectors if cargo
nodes
> Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (may be mandated 2008)
needs
checking.
> Automated Commercial Environment (the enterprise system
equivalent)
◘
C-TPAT
ACE
ATDI
> Advanced Trade Data Initiative (may be necessary for C-TPAT Tier 3)
Data in multiple databases. Lack of
Dr
Shoumen
Palit
Austin DattaTargeting
< shoumen@mit.edu
> MIT
Forum for
Supply
Chain Innovation & MIT School
of Engineering
129
interoperability
creates blind spots.
ATS
> Automated
System (in
operation
since
1990’s)
IPv6 Format Catalyses Security Collaboration
Heterogeneous Customs Systems in Seamless Interoperability
Security C
Security A
Security B
England
HongKong
South Africa
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
130
System of Systems: Security and Risk
Section 401 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
require companies to account for risk in
off-balance-sheet transactions, supply chains.
Companies need to have controls to protect
against adverse events in their supply chains.
Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) require
companies to establish controls that provide
reasonable protection against preventable
events that may impact a company’s value.
Labour personnel links to organized crime.
Section 409 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
require reports ‘on a rapid and current basis’
events that could have some material impact.
Near-real time track and trace data or status.
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
131
• 3.9 million miles of public roads
• 600,000 bridges
• 1.2 million trucking companies
• 15.5 million trucks
• 42,000 hazardous material (HAZMAT) trucks
• 10 million commercial vehicle drivers
Risk Profile
Identify Target
ASSESSMENT
of THREAT
• 2.7 million HAZMAT drivers
• 2.2 million miles of hazardous liquid & gas pipeline
• 120,000 miles of major railroads
• 500,000 train stations
• 15 million daily riders on mass transit
• 25,000 miles of commercial waterways
• 361 ports
• 250,000 containers per day
• 9.0 million containers through 51,000 port calls
• 11.2 million containers via Canada and Mexico
•
•
19,576 public airports, heliports and landing strips
459 Federalized commercial airports
•
•
211,450 general aviation aircraft
77% of all flights are general aviation
US Department of Homeland Security
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
132
National Infrastructure Protection Plan
Transportation
Threat
Transportation
Threat:
Asset Risk?
ASSET
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
133
Transportation
Threat
Transportation
Threat:
System Risk?
System
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
134
SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
135
SOS
FCA
Data Cubes
Lattice Theory
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
136
SOS
FCA
Data Cubes
Lattice Theory
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
137
SOS
FCA
Data Cubes
Lattice Theory
SYSTEMIC RISK: Multi-Parametric Inter-dependencies
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
138
DATA CUBE
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
High volume data
Global unique id
Error model
OLAP
Distributed Agents
Systems Agnostic
Relativistic
NORA
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
139
Coefficient of Systemic Risk
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Detection Probability
Detection Lead time
Detection Accuracy
Threat Probability
Asset Impact
Local Impact
Systems Impact
Impact Services
Local Recovery
Systemic Recovery
Recovery Services
Ripple Effects
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
140
End of Asset Risk Management
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
141
Systemic Awareness
• Interoperability
• Transparency
• Collaboration
• Adaptability
• Real-Time
•
•
•
•
Information
Analytics
Processes
Patterns
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
142
Smart Planning with Intelligent Objects
Store
Store11
ACTION
REPLENISHMENT
X days ?
AGENT
Store
Store22
Inventory Early
Warning Agent
Plant
Plant
2 days
Distribution
Distribution
Center
Center
100
MANUFACTURER
3 days
Distribution
Distribution
Center
Center
Store
Store33
EVENT
Y days ?
50
0
AGENT
Store n
RETAILER
Information Agent
RFID Data
Inventory
Consumption
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
143
Multi-Agent System
Data Agents collect ► Data
Monitoring Agent triggers ► Alert
Inventory Management Agent executes ► Substitution
M2 can be
substituted
for SKU M1
Inventory of
M2 is 2000
OOS Danger
Less chance of
a stockout with
substitution via
agent actions
(M1 & M2)
Source: SAP AG
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
144
Agents based Decision Systems?
•Concept
Relative Identification
•Application
Logistics, SCM, Healthcare, Security, eGov
•Tools
•Benefits
and Semantics
Global Standard, Systems Interoperability
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
145
Data, Structure, Relations
<CompanyData>
<CompanyName>
MIT
</CompanyName>
<Location>
Cambridge
</location>
<CallData>
<RecordDate>
Thu 7 Jun 2007
</RecordDate>
<CallsPerDay>
536
</CallsPerDay>
</CallData>
</CompanyData>
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
146
Data, Structure, Relations, Syntax
<CompanyData>
<CompanyName>
MIT
</CompanyName>
<Location>
Cambridge
</location>
<CallData>
<RecordDate>
Thu 7 Jun 2007
</RecordDate>
<CallsPerDay>
536
</CallsPerDay>
</CallData>
</CompanyData>
“CallsPerDay”
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
147
Data, Structure, Relations, Syntax, Semantics
<CompanyData>
<CompanyName>
MIT
</CompanyName>
<Location>
Cambridge
</location>
<CallData>
<RecordDate>
Thu 7 Jun 2007
</RecordDate>
<CallsPerDay>
536
</CallsPerDay>
</CallData>
</CompanyData>
“CallsPerDay”
vocabulary
grammar
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
148
Data, Structure, Relations, Syntax, Semantics
<CompanyData>
<CompanyName>
MIT
</CompanyName>
<Location>
Cambridge
</location>
<CallData>
<RecordDate>
Thu 7 Jun 2007
</RecordDate>
<CallsPerDay>
536
</CallsPerDay>
</CallData>
</CompanyData>
“CallsPerDay”
vocabulary
grammar
data
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
149
Semantic Layers
Tim Berners-Lee, MIT
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
150
Semantic Layers
Tim Berners-Lee, MIT
<CompanyData>
<CompanyName>
MIT
</CompanyName>
<Location>
Cambridge
</location>
<CallData>
<RecordDate>
Thu 7 Jun 2007
</RecordDate>
<CallsPerDay>
536
</CallsPerDay>
</CallData>
</CompanyData>
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
151
XML: Languages & Open Standards
XML eXtensions
XML Core
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
152
Compiled by: David Brock
Evolution
2003 Ontology Working Language (OWL) DAML + OIL
DARPA Agent Markup Language + Ontology Inference Layer
1999 XML-based Physical Markup Language (PML)
RFID Object Description Language (AIDC, MIT)
1998 eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
1996 eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Initiative
1993 HTML Browser Mosaic - Marc Andreessen
National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) University of Illinois
1989 HyperText Markup Language (HTML) - Tim Berners-Lee, CERN
1986 SGML - International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
1983 SGML Computer Graphics Association (CGA)
1978 Standard General Markup Language (SGML) ANSI Initiative
1975 Document Composition Facility (DCF)
1971 Document Type Definition (DTD)
1969 General Markup Language (GML) - Charles Goldfarb, Ed Mosher, Ray Lorie
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
153
XML Explosion ……
Compiled by: David Brock
4ML
AML
AML
AML
AML
AML
AML
ABML
ABML
ACML
ACML
ACAP
ACS X12
ADML
AECM
AFML
AGML
AHML
AIML
AIML
AIF
AL3
ANML
ANNOTEA
ANATML
APML
APPML
AQL
APPEL
ARML
ARML
ASML
ASML
ASTM
ARML
ARML
ASML
ARML
ARML
ASML
ASML
ASTM
ATML
ATML
ATML
ATML
AWML
AXML
AXML
AXML
AXML
BML
BML
BML
BML
BML
BML
BannerML
BCXML
BEEP
BGML
BHTML
BIBLIOML
BIOML
BIPS
BizCodes
BLM XML
BPML
BRML
BSML
BCXML
BEEP
BGML
BHTML
BiblioML
BCXML
BEEP
BGML
BHTML
BIBLIOML
BIOML
BIPS
BizCodes
BLM XML
BPML
BRML
BSML
CML
xCML
CaXML
CaseXML
xCBL
CBML
CDA
CDF
CDISC
CELLML
ChessGML
ChordML
ChordQL
CIM
CIML
CIDS
CIDX
xCIL
CLT
CNRP
ComicsML
CIM
CIML
CIDS
CIDX
xCIL
CLT
CNRP
ComicsML
Covad xLink
CPL
CP eXchange
CSS
CVML
CWMI
CycML
DML
DAML
DaliML
DaqXML
DAS
DASL
DCMI
DOI
DeltaV
DIG35
DLML
DMML
DocBook
DocScope
DoD XML
DPRL
DRI
DSML
DSD
DXS
EML
EML
DLML
EAD
ebXML
eBIS-XML
ECML
eCo
EcoKnow
edaXML
EMSA
eosML
ESML
ETD-ML
FieldML
FINML
FITS
FIXML
FLBC
FLOWML
FPML
FSML
GML
GML
GML
GXML
GAME
GBXML
GDML
GEML
GEDML
GEN
GeoLang
GIML
GXD
GXL
Hy XM
HITIS
HR-XML
HRMML
HTML
HTTPL
HTTP-DRP
HumanML
HyTime
IML
ICML
IDE
IDML
IDWG
IEEE DTD
IFX
IMPP
IMS Global
InTML
IOTP
IRML
IXML
IXRetail
JabberXML
JDF
JDox
JECMM
JLife
JSML
JSML
JScoreML
KBML
LACITO
LandXML
LEDES
LegalXML
Life Data
LitML
LMML
LogML
LogML
LTSC XML
MAML
MatML
MathML
MBAM
MISML
MCF
MDDL
MDSI-XML
Metarule
MFDX
MIX
MMLL
MML
MML
MML
MoDL
MOS
MPML
MPXML
MRML
MSAML
MTML
MTML
MusicXML
NAML
xNAL
NAA Ads
Navy DTD
NewsML
NML
NISO DTB
NITF
NLMXML
NVML
OAGIS
OBI
OCF
ODF
ODRL
OeBPS
OFX
OIL
OIM
OLifE
OML
ONIX DTD
OOPML
OPML
OpenMath
Office XML
OPML
OPX
OSD
OTA
PML
PML
PML
PML
PML
PML
PML
PML
P3P
PDML
PDX
PEF XML
PetroML
PGML
PhysicsML
PICS
PMML
PNML
PNML
PNG
PrintML
PrintTalk
ProductionML
PSL
PSI
QML
QAML
QuickData
RBAC
RDDl
RDF
RDL
RecipeML
RELAX
RELAX NG
REXML
REPML
ResumeXML
RETML
RFML
RightsLang
RIXML
RoadmOPS
RosettaNet PIP
RSS
RuleML
SML
SML
SML
SML
SAML
SABLE
SAE J2008
SBML
Schemtron
SDML
SearchDM-XML
SGML
SHOE
SIF
SMML
SMBXML
SMDL
SDML
SMIL
SOAP
SODL
SOX
SPML
SpeechML
SSML
STML
STEP
STEPML
SVG
SWAP
SWMS
SyncML
TML
TML
TML
TalkML
TaxML
TDL
TDML
TEI
ThML
TIM
TIM
TMML
TMX
TP
TPAML
TREX
TxLife
UML
UBL
UCLP
UDDI
UDEF
UIML
ULF
UMLS
UPnP
URI/URL
UXF
VML
vCalendar
vCard
VCML
VHG
VIML
VISA XML
VMML
VocML
VoiceXML
VRML
WAP
WDDX
WebML
WebDAV
WellML
WeldingXML
Wf-XML
WIDL
WITSML
WorldOS
WSML
WSIA
XML
XML Court
XML EDI
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
XML F
XML Key
XMLife
XML MP
XML News
XML RPC
XML Schema
XML Sign
XML Query
XML P7C
XML TP
XMLVoc
XML XCI
XAML
XACML
XBL
XSBEL
XBN
XBRL
XCFF
XCES
Xchart
Xdelta
XDF
XForms
XGF
XGL
XGMML
XHTML
XIOP
XLF
XLIFF
XLink
XMI
XMSG
XMTP
XNS
154
Houston, we have a problem ...
4ML
AML
AML
AML
AML
AML
AML
ABML
ABML
ACML
ACML
ACAP
ACS X12
ADML
AECM
AFML
AGML
AHML
AIML
AIML
AIF
AL3
ANML
ANNOTEA
ANATML
APML
APPML
AQL
APPEL
ARML
ARML
ASML
ASML
ASTM
ARML
ARML
ASML
ARML
ARML
ASML
ASML
ASTM
ATML
ATML
ATML
ATML
AWML
AXML
AXML
AXML
AXML
BML
BML
BML
BML
BML
BML
BannerML
BCXML
BEEP
BGML
BHTML
BIBLIOML
BIOML
BIPS
BizCodes
BLM XML
BPML
BRML
BSML
BCXML
BEEP
BGML
BHTML
BiblioML
BCXML
BEEP
BGML
BHTML
BIBLIOML
BIOML
BIPS
BizCodes
BLM XML
BPML
BRML
BSML
CML
xCML
CaXML
CaseXML
xCBL
CBML
CDA
CDF
CDISC
CELLML
ChessGML
ChordML
ChordQL
CIM
CIML
CIDS
CIDX
xCIL
CLT
CNRP
ComicsML
CIM
CIML
CIDS
CIDX
xCIL
CLT
CNRP
ComicsML
Covad xLink
CPL
CP eXchange
CSS
CVML
CWMI
CycML
DML
DAML
DaliML
DaqXML
DAS
DASL
DCMI
DOI
DeltaV
DIG35
DLML
DMML
DocBook
DocScope
DoD XML
DPRL
DRI
DSML
DSD
DXS
EML
EML
DLML
EAD
ebXML
eBIS-XML
ECML
eCo
EcoKnow
edaXML
EMSA
eosML
ESML
ETD-ML
FieldML
FINML
FITS
FIXML
FLBC
FLOWML
FPML
FSML
GML
GML
GML
GXML
GAME
GBXML
GDML
GEML
GEDML
GEN
GeoLang
GIML
GXD
GXL
Hy XM
HITIS
HR-XML
HRMML
HTML
HTTPL
HTTP-DRP
HumanML
HyTime
IML
ICML
IDE
IDML
IDWG
IEEE DTD
IFX
IMPP
IMS Global
InTML
IOTP
IRML
IXML
IXRetail
JabberXML
JDF
JDox
JECMM
JLife
JSML
JSML
JScoreML
KBML
LACITO
LandXML
LEDES
LegalXML
Life Data
LitML
LMML
LogML
LogML
LTSC XML
MAML
MatML
MathML
MBAM
MISML
MCF
MDDL
MDSI-XML
Metarule
MFDX
MIX
MMLL
MML
MML
MML
MoDL
MOS
MPML
MPXML
MRML
MSAML
MTML
MTML
MusicXML
NAML
xNAL
NAA Ads
Navy DTD
NewsML
NML
NISO DTB
NITF
NLMXML
NVML
OAGIS
OBI
OCF
ODF
ODRL
OeBPS
OFX
OIL
OIM
OLifE
OML
ONIX DTD
OOPML
OPML
OpenMath
Office XML
OPML
OPX
OSD
OTA
PML
PML
PML
PML
PML
PML
PML
PML
P3P
PDML
PDX
PEF XML
PetroML
PGML
PhysicsML
PICS
PMML
PNML
PNML
PNG
PrintML
PrintTalk
ProductionML
PSL
PSI
QML
QAML
QuickData
RBAC
RDDl
RDF
RDL
RecipeML
RELAX
RELAX NG
REXML
REPML
ResumeXML
RETML
RFML
RightsLang
RIXML
RoadmOPS
RosettaNet PIP
RSS
RuleML
SML
SML
SML
SML
SAML
SABLE
SAE J2008
SBML
Schemtron
SDML
SearchDM-XML
SGML
SHOE
SIF
SMML
SMBXML
SMDL
SDML
SMIL
SOAP
SODL
SOX
SPML
SpeechML
SSML
STML
STEP
STEPML
SVG
SWAP
SWMS
SyncML
TML
TML
TML
TalkML
TaxML
TDL
TDML
TEI
ThML
TIM
TIM
TMML
TMX
TP
TPAML
TREX
TxLife
Is XML still a standard ?
UML
UBL
UCLP
UDDI
UDEF
UIML
ULF
UMLS
UPnP
URI/URL
UXF
VML
vCalendar
vCard
VCML
VHG
VIML
VISA XML
VMML
VocML
VoiceXML
VRML
WAP
WDDX
WebML
WebDAV
WellML
WeldingXML
Wf-XML
WIDL
WITSML
WorldOS
WSML
WSIA
XML
XML Court
XML EDI
XML F
XML Key
XMLife
XML MP
XML News
XML RPC
XML Schema
XML Sign
XML Query
XML P7C
XML TP
XMLVoc
XML XCI
XAML
XACML
XBL
XSBEL
XBN
XBRL
XCFF
XCES
Xchart
Xdelta
XDF
XForms
XGF
XGL
XGMML
XHTML
XIOP
XLF
XLIFF
XLink
XMI
XMSG
XMTP
XNS
Compiled by: David Brock
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
155
Semantic Layers: Relationships
Tim Berners-Lee, MIT
CHEMISE
is a
BLOUSE
is a
KAMEEZ
is a
SHIRT
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
156
Ontological Framework
MIRROR
MIRROR
Philosophy
Reflection
Noun
Object
Metaphor
Observatory
157
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
This is a proposed idea by the author. It is not a fact or form of identification of ontologies, in practice.
Ontological Framework + Unique IPv6 Identifier
MIRROR
MIRROR
Philosophy
Reflection
Noun
Object
Metaphor
Observatory
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.abcd.999c
158
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
© Shoumen Datta, MIT
This is a proposed idea by the author. It is not a fact or form of identification of ontologies, in practice.
Ontological Framework + Unique IPv6 Identifier
MIRROR
MIRROR
Philosophy
Reflection
Noun
Object
Metaphor
Observatory
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.abcd.999c
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.effe.888c
159
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
© Shoumen Datta, MIT
This is a proposed idea by the author. It is not a fact or form of identification of ontologies, in practice.
Unique IPv6 id: Ontological Identifier
MIRROR
MIRROR
Philosophy
Reflection
Object
Noun
Metaphor
Observatory
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.abcd.999c
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.effe.888c
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.00AA.abcd.999c
2007.db8.617.5ca.77x.95ff.abcd.999c
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.BBAA.abcd.999c
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.abcd.889c
160
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
© Shoumen Datta, MIT
URI Abstraction <http://www.mit.edu>
Universal Resource Identifier
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
161
URI: Universal but not Unique Identifier
Universal Resource Identifier
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
162
This is a proposed idea by the author. It is not a fact or form of identification of ontologies, in practice.
Digital Ontology: Use IPv6 id over URI ?
MIRROR Universal Resource Identifier
MIRROR
Philosophy
Reflection
Object
Noun
Metaphor
Observatory
UNIQUE
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.abcd.999c
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.effe.888c
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.00AA.abcd.999c
2007.db8.617.5ca.77x.95ff.abcd.999c
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.BBAA.abcd.999c
2007.ab8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.abcd.889c
163
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
© Shoumen Datta, MIT
This is a proposed idea by the author. It is not a fact or form of identification of ontologies, in practice.
Unique IPv6 type id as a sub-layer to URI abstraction ?
MIRROR Universal Resource Identifier
MIRROR
Philosophy
Reflection
Object
Noun
Metaphor
Observatory
UNIQUE
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.abcd.999c
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.effe.888c
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.00AA.abcd.999c
2007.db8.617.5ca.77x.95ff.abcd.999c
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.BBAA.abcd.999c
2007.ab8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.abcd.889c
164
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
© Shoumen Datta, MIT
Unique IPv6 type id as a sub-layer to URI Abstraction ?
MIRROR
This is a proposed idea by the author. It is not a fact or form of identification of ontologies.
Philosophy
Reflection
Noun
Object
Metaphor
Observatory
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.abcd.999c
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.effe.888c
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.00AA.abcd.999c
2007.db8.617.5ca.77x.95ff.abcd.999c
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.BBAA.abcd.999c
165
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
2007.ab8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.abcd.889c
© Shoumen Datta, MIT
Unique IPv6 type id as a sub-layer to URI Abstraction ?
Universal Resource Identifier
MIRROR
This is a proposed idea by the author. It is not a fact or form of identification of ontologies.
Philosophy
Reflection
Noun
Object
Metaphor
Observatory
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.abcd.999c
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.effe.888c
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.00AA.abcd.999c
2007.db8.617.5ca.77x.95ff.abcd.999c
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.BBAA.abcd.999c
166
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
2007.ab8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.abcd.889c
© Shoumen Datta, MIT
This is a proposed idea by the author. It is not a fact or form of identification of ontologies, in practice.
Class
IPv6 Range
Upperbody Outerwear
2007. db8. 617. 5ca. 20a. 95ff. 200a. 0000
to
2007. db8. 617. 5ca. 20a. 95ff. 400f. 8888
Unique IPv6 type id as a sub-layer to URI Abstraction ?
CHEMISE
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.320a.1617
is a
BLOUSE
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.320b.0452
is a
SHIRT
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.320c.3211
Serial Number
Additional identification
may be included in the
encapsulating security
header section for data
integrity or ‘uniqueness’
is it a ?
KAMEEZ
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.300d.2020
Subclass:
Japanese Traditional Outer Garments
is a ?
Range:
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.202a.7777
KIMONO
to
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation
& MIT School of Engineering
167
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.210f.9999
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.203f.8080
Shoumen Datta, MIT
Why is it necessary to define
ontology class with unique id ?
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
168
Why is it necessary to define
ontology class with unique id ?
• Anterior Pituitary is a part of hypothalamus
• Minute Hand is a part of a time clock
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
169
Why is it necessary to define
ontology class with unique id ?
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
170
Class
Upperbody Outerwear
Why is it necessary to define
ontology class with unique id ?
CHEMISE
is a
Western Ontology Classification
BLOUSE
is a
Kimono
SHIRT
is it a ?
KAMEEZ
is a
Shirt
is a ?
KIMONO
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
171
Class
Upperbody Outerwear
CHEMISE
is a
Why is it necessary to define
ontology class with unique id ?
X
Japanese Ontology Classification
BLOUSE
is a
Kimono
SHIRT
is it a ?
KAMEEZ
is a
Traditional Garment
is a ?
KIMONO
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
172
Class
Upperbody Outerwear
Unique id eliminates
semantic ambiguity
Unique id
enables
classification
agnostic
application
CHEMISE
is a
BLOUSE
is a
SHIRT
Japanese
Ontological
Framework
is it a ?
KAMEEZ
Western
Ontological
Framework
Subclass or a Separate Class:
Japanese Traditional Outer Garments
is a ?
Range:
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.202a.7777
KIMONO
to
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation
& MIT School of Engineering
173
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.210f.9999
2007.db8.617.5ca.20a.95ff.203f.8080
Shoumen Datta, MIT
Semantics
Call
Loud cry, shout
Call
Animal’s call
Call
Telephone call
Call
House visit
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
174
Semantics and Chinese Script
Call 1
Loud cry, shout
Call 2
Animal’s call
Call 3
Telephone call
Call 4
House visit
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
175
Liping Wang
Semantic Differences
19.12.2006
Call 1
Loud cry, shout
喊叫
Call 2
Animal’s call
嚎叫
Call 3
Telephone call
电话
Call 4
House visit
需求
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
176
Semantic Ambiguity ?
Call 1
Loud cry, shout
喊叫
Call 2
Animal’s call
嚎叫
Call 3
Telephone call
电话
Call 4
House visit
需求
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
177
OMICS
[Term]
CELL Ontology
id: CL:0000236
name: B-cell
is_a: CL:0000542 ! lymphocyte
develops_from: CL:0000231 ! B-lymphoblast
[Term]
Augmented GO
id: GO:0030183
name: B-cell differentiation
is_a: GO:0042113 ! B-cell activation
is_a: GO:0030098 ! lymphocyte differentiation
intersection_of: is_a GO:0030154 ! cell differentiation
intersection_of: has_participant CL:0000236 ! B-cell
Data: Suzanna Lewis, GO Consortium and National Center for Biomedical Ontology
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
178
OMICS
Is it possible?
Transition to
IPv6 Format
[Term]
CELL Ontology
id: CL:0000236
name: B-cell
is_a: CL:0000542 ! lymphocyte
develops_from: CL:0000231 ! B-lymphoblast
[Term]
Augmented GO
id: GO:0030183
name: B-cell differentiation
is_a: GO:0042113 ! B-cell activation
is_a: GO:0030098 ! lymphocyte differentiation
intersection_of: is_a GO:0030154 ! cell differentiation
intersection_of: has_participant CL:0000236 ! B-cell
Data: Suzanna Lewis, GO Consortium and National Center for Biomedical Ontology
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
179
OMICS
Is it possible?
Transition to
IPv6 Format
[Term]
CELL Ontology
id: CL:0000236
name: B-cell
is_a: CL:0000542 ! lymphocyte
develops_from: CL:0000231 ! B-lymphoblast
[Term]
Augmented GO
id: GO:0030183
name: B-cell differentiation
is_a: GO:0042113 ! B-cell activation
is_a: GO:0030098 ! lymphocyte differentiation
intersection_of: is_a GO:0030154 ! cell differentiation
intersection_of: has_participant CL:0000236 ! B-cell
Data: Suzanna Lewis, GO Consortium and National Center for Biomedical Ontology
CL
GO
cell differentiation
blood
cell
2007.0db8.85a3.08d3.1319.8a2e.0003.0183
lymphocyte
differentiation
2007.0db8.85a3.08d3.1319.8a2e.0000.0236
lymphocyte
2007.0db8.85a3.08d3.1319.8a2e.0003.0098
is_a
is_a
B-cell
activation
2007.0db8.85a3.08d3.1319.8a2e.0004.2113
is_a
2007.0db8.85a3.08d3.1319.8a2e.0000.0542
B-cell
2007.0db8.85a3.08d3.1319.8a2e.0000.0231
Dr Shoumen
Palit Austin
Datta < shoumen@mit.edu
> MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
180
B-cell
differentiation
2007.0db8.85a3.08d3.1319.8a2e.0003.0154
© Proposed by Shoumen Datta, MIT
Remote Healthcare Web
GRID FABRIC LAYER
machines sensors readers data
SDR
SDR
Local
Local
Regional
Regional
National
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
181
Can Convergence of Innovation
Catalyse Economic Growth ?
Teachers Æ Students Æ Faculty
Research Æ University Æ Global Collaboration
Likely
School + University + Incubators + Industry = Cluster
Invention + Innovation + Venture Capital + Risk = Vision
Paradigm Shifts + New Markets Æ Economic Growth
All Advantages Are Temporary !
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
182
Convergence of Innovation
PRODUCTS & SERVICES EXAMPLES:
Teachers Æ Students Æ Faculty
Research
Æ University Æ
Global
Collaboration
ƒ Medicine
and
Healthcare
School +
University + Incubators + Industry = Cluster
ƒ Environment
Invention
+ Innovation + Venture Capital + Risk = Vision
ƒ Logistics
Paradigm
Shifts + New Markets Æ Economic Growth
ƒ Energy
ƒ ICT
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
183
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
184
Irish Famine
WW I
WW II
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
185
Irish Famine
WW I
WW II
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
186
Average Annual Real GDP Growth 1992-2005
China
Ireland
>7%
India
www.oecd.org/dataoecd/15/41/38336267.pdf
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
187
Source: CIA World Factbook
Ireland - GDP - real growth rate (%)
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
188
Source: CIA World Factbook
Ireland GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)
$180.7 B
$165.1 B
$126.4 B
$118.5 B
$116.2 B
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
189
Source: CIA World Factbook
Ireland GDP Per Capita (Purchasing Power Parity)
$44,500
$41,100
$30,500
$31,900
$29,600
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
190
Total Health Expenditures Per Capita
1970
1980
1990
2003
$252*
$691
$1,306
$2,886
Austria
193
770
1,328
2,958
Belgium
148
636
1,341
3,044^
Canada
299
783
1,737
2,998
384*
927
1,522
2,743^
Finland
191
590
1,419
2,104
France
205
697
1,532
3,048
Iceland
163
703
1,593
3,159
Ireland
117
519
794
2,455
Italy
NA
NA
1,387
2,314
Japan
149
580
1,116
2,249e
Luxembourg
163
640
1,533
4,611^
Netherlands
NA
755
1,435
2,909e
Norway
141
665
1,393
3,769
Sweden
312
944
1,589
2,745
Switzerland
351
1,031
2,029
3,847
United Kingdom
163
480
987
2,317^
United States
352
1,072
2,752
5,711
www.oecd.org/health/healthdata
Australia
Denmark
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
191
Per Capita Healthcare Expenditure, 2003
www.oecd.org/health/healthdata
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
192
Average Annual Growth Rate
Total Health Expenditures Per Capita
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
193
www.irdes.fr/ecosante/OCDE/411.html
Total Health Expenditures as a Share of GDP, 2003
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
www.oecd.org/health/healthdata
194
Total Health Expenditures as a Share of GDP, 2003
11.7% of population over 65 years
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
www.oecd.org/health/healthdata
195
Total Health Expenditures as a Share of GDP, 2003
Over 65 years
16.4%
15.7%
14.1%
11.7%
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
www.oecd.org/health/healthdata
196
Total Health Expenditures as a Share of GDP, 2003
Over 65 years
21.2%
16.4%
15.7%
14.1%
11.7%
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
www.oecd.org/health/healthdata
197
Total Health Expenditures as a Share of GDP, 2003
16.4%
16.2%
15.7%
19.8%
11.8%
11.7%
18.7%
Percentage of >
Population
over
65Chain
years
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu
MIT Forum for
Supply
Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
www.oecd.org/health/healthdata
198
Ireland 2006
Age Group
0-14
15-24
25-44
45-64
65 years +
Total
Males
443,044
321,007
681,988
468,037
207,095
2,121,171
Females
421,405
311,725
663,885
460,831
260,831
2,118,677
Persons
864,449
632,732
1,345,873
928,868
467,926
4,239,848
Source: Central Statistics Office, Cork
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Ireland Age Demographic Distribution
Age Group
0-14
15-24
25-44
45-64
65 years +
Total
(2006)
Males
443,044
321,007
681,988
468,037
207,095
2,121,171
Females
421,405
311,725
663,885
460,831
260,831
2,118,677
Persons
864,449
632,732
1,345,873
928,868
467,926
4,239,848
Potentially 1.4 million individuals
may require healthcare attention
Source: Central Statistics Office, Cork
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Irish Healthcare: Key Infrastructure
Health Board
Area
Number of
Hospitals
Average
Number of
In-Patient
Beds
Available
InPatients
Discharge
/Deaths
Average
Length of
Stay in
Days
Average
Number
of Day
Beds
Available
Day
Cases
Eastern
22
5,078
191,912
8.0
499
209,418
Midland
3
504
33,176
4.9
37
19,549
Mid-Western
6
844
46,744
5.8
67
30,528
North-Eastern
5
868
48,321
5.3
112
30,799
North-Western
3
682
36,242
5.4
59
39,933
South-Eastern
6
1,256
70,528
5.5
118
31,777
Southern
9
1,856
82,524
6.3
126
80,835
Western
5
1,289
67,365
5.9
115
41,718
59
12,377
576,812
6.4
1133
484,557
Total
Publicly Funded Acute Hospitals Statistics, 2004
Source: Department of Health and Children
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Healthcare: Capacity vs Need
Health Board
Area
Number of
Hospitals
Average
Number of
In-Patient
Beds
Available
InPatients
Discharge
/Deaths
Average
Length of
Stay in
Days
Average
Number
of Day
Beds
Available
Day
Cases
Eastern
22
5,078
191,912
8.0
499
209,418
Midland
3
504
33,176
4.9
37
19,549
Mid-Western
6
844
46,744
5.8
67
30,528
North-Eastern
5
868
48,321
5.3
112
30,799
North-Western
3
682
36,242
5.4
59
39,933
South-Eastern
6
1,256
70,528
5.5
118
31,777
Southern
9
1,856
82,524
6.3
126
80,835
Western
5
1,289
67,365
5.9
115
41,718
576,812
6.4
1133
484,557
Total
59
12,377
12,377
Source: Department of Health and Children
Potentially 1.4 million individuals
may require healthcare attention
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Healthcare: Capacity vs Need
Average
Number of
In-Patient
Beds
Available
InPatients
Discharge
/Deaths
Average
Length of
Stay in
Days
Average
Number
of Day
Beds
Available
Health Board
Area
Number of
Hospitals
Eastern
22
5,078
191,912
8.0
499
209,418
Midland
3
504
33,176
4.9
37
19,549
Mid-Western
6
844
46,744
5.8
67
30,528
North-Eastern
5
868
48,321
5.3
112
30,799
North-Western
3
682
36,242
5.4
59
39,933
South-Eastern
6
1,256
70,528
5.5
118
31,777
Southern
9
1,856
82,524
6.3
126
80,835
Western
5
1,289
67,365
5.9
115
41,718
Total
59
6.4
1133
484,557
12,377
12,377
576,812
Day
Cases
Source: Department of Health and Children
0.88%
Potentially 1.4 million individuals
may require healthcare attention
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Non-Capital Health Expenses €m
Programme
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
20051
Community Protection
Programme
136.0
224.8
314.3
275.3
302.2
334.6
366.2
Community Health Service
Programme
883.5
985.0
1,191.6
1,526.1
1,678
1,868.7
2,162.7
Community Welfare Programme
336.5
445.9
581.4
703.8
774.2
860.0
892.1
Psychiatric Programme
394.5
433.7
497.1
563.7
619.5
661.4
729.5
Programme for the Disabled
520.8
651.6
815.9
962.9
1,155.9
1,230.6
1,368.2
General Hospital Programme
2,317.7
2,604.5
3,291.4
3,801.5
4,180.7
4,523.3
4,915.5
General Support Programme
218.1
264.9
318.3
333.5
407.0
444.8
482.4
4,807.3
5,610.3
7,010.1
8,166.7
9,117.4
9,923.4
10,917.8
233.4
251.3
270.8
300.2
334.3
362.9
417.8
4,573.9
5,359.1
6,739.3
7,866.5
8,783.1
9,960.5
10,500.0
Gross Total
Total Non-Capital Income
Net Total
Source: Non-Capital Healthcare Expenses, Department of Health and Children
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Source: General Medical Services Report
Healthcare Costs
Category
2000
Doctors
154.8
169.9
211.8
282.1
295.7
317.5
Pharmacists
417.2
527.6
670.9
813.2
937.7
1,085.9
18.3
38.1
41.7
45.7
49.9
52.5
54.5
9.3
10.2
11.6
17.6
13.1
15.8
11.9
42.3
51.9
65.1
84.6
109.1
148.2
Optometrists
1.8
8.7
9.8
13.9
13.8
17.4
17.0
Administration
9.3
11.8
12.7
13.7
12.5
15.5
17.0
Dentists
General Practice
Development
High Tech
Drugs Scheme
2001
2002
2003
2005
2005
1999
2004
414.0
1,189.4
177.5
Payments by General Medical Services Board €m
Gross Total
653.0
818.2
1,023.6
1,270.9
1,431.8
1,652.5
1,881.3
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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2008 Hospital Charges
Hospital Category
HSE Regional Hospitals
Voluntary & Joint Board
Teaching Hospitals
HSE County Hospitals
Voluntary Non-Teaching
Hospitals
HSE District Hospitals
Private Semi-Private
Day-Care
€758
€594
€546
€506
€407
€362
€217
€185
€161
Source: www.citizensinformation.ie
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Ireland 2050: Can Healthcare Cost Break the Bank
60 ?
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
Percent
Change
IR
UK
SE
ES
FR
NL
DE
RU
US
-30
IR
UK
SE
ES
FR
NL
DE
RU
51.2
14.1
16.7
6.9
12
5.5
- 3.0
- 25.0
US
34
www.populationeurope.org
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Diabetes in Ireland
╬
200,000 type II diabetes mellitus patients
╬
100,000 people with high blood glucose levels
╬
In next 5 years 50% of above will be diabetic
╬
Obesity will push the figure (100,000) to double
in the next decade (potential risk for 200,000).
Source: www.diabetes.co.uk/global-diabetes/diabetes-in-ireland.html
Source: www.diabetesireland.ie
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Diabetes
╬
200,000 type II diabetes mellitus patients
Basic Risk Profile needs Blood Glucose data
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Diabetes
╬
200,000 type II diabetes mellitus patients
Basic Risk Profile needs Blood Glucose data
200,000 patients will not have same risk profile
Only few will have high risk, for example:
[1] genetic predisposition
[2] nephropathy
[3] glaucoma
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Diabetes
╬
200,000 type II diabetes mellitus patients
Basic Risk Profile needs Blood Glucose data
200,000 monthly out-patient visits ?
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Diabetes
╬
200,000 type II diabetes mellitus patients
Basic Risk Profile needs Blood Glucose data
200,000 monthly out-patient visits
If transaction cost is €20 per patient per month
Blood glucose profile €48 million pa
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Diabetes Risk
╬ 200,000 type II diabetes mellitus patients
Blood Glucose data from 200,000 patients
Blood Glucose data from 100,000 at risk pool
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Diabetes Risk
╬ 200,000 type II diabetes mellitus patients
Blood Glucose data from 200,000 patients
Blood Glucose data from 100,000 at risk pool
Without out-patient visits
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Innovation: Need Based
NanoLetters (2004) 4 1785-1788
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Decision Systems
BROAD
HORIZON
CUSTOMS
ENERGY
HEALTHCARE
COMPONENTS
NARROW
HORIZON
NON
OBVIOUS
OBVIOUS
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Healthcare: Disconnected Network of Systems ?
Bio-Nano
Sensors
Blood Glucose
Nano-sensors
Information
Systems
Transmission
Monitors
Genetic
Inheritance
Results
Decisions
Analysis
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
217
Harvard-MIT Center for Integrated Medicine and Information Technology
Healthcare for Independent Living
Sense, then, Respond
Model
Intelligent
Real Time
Patient Specific
Action Plan Framework with
= Procedure decision support
Actions Precision Remote Controlled
Sensing
Real-time micro-status
networked, mobile
Patient
at home care
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Innovation: Need Based
NanoLetters (2004) 4 1785-1788
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
219
Healthcare Systems ROI
Problem: 300,000 outpatient visits
3,000 patients in need of attention
Renato Dulbecco
30,000 genes in
etiology of cancer
1 gene elicits cancer
Nobel Prize in Medicine
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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NanoLetters (2004) 4 1785-1788
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Innovation: Need Based
NanoLetters (2004) 4 1785-1788
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
222
May I implant a
glucose nanosensor in you?
You are fat, you
could be diabetic!
Blood Glucose Nano-sensors
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
223
May I implant a
glucose nanosensor in you?
You are fat, you
could be diabetic!
Blood Glucose Nano-sensors
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
224
Aren’t you glad
to have a chip
on your shoulder?
Blood Glucose Nano-sensors
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Innovation through Convergence
SENSOR + DATA TRANSMITTER
IDENTIFICATION
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Innovation through Convergence
SENSOR + DATA TRANSMITTER
NanoLetters (2004) 4 1785-1788
NanoLetters (2007) 7 3508-3511
Blood Glucose Nano-sensor
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Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
228
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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230
Nanotube Radio: Can it play music?
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
Innovation through Convergence
SENSOR DATA TRANSMITTER
Blood Glucose Nano-sensor
Nanotube Radio
NanoLetters (2007) 7 3508 – 3511
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MIT Tech Review March/April 2008
Glucose NanoSensor NanoRadio
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Implanted wireless nano-sensor
transmits blood glucose data every
minute or every hour using WiFi
802.11b
WiFi
802.11g
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Your blood glucose data can be
transmitted from home or office
or bus station, wherever WiFi can
connect to a node on the internet
802.11b
WiFi
802.11g
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Blood glucose data travels from
you to your hospital or clinic via
broadband or WiMax connection
802.11b
WiFi
802.11g
802.16a
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
235
Your blood glucose data generates
your risk profile that is analysed by
hospital to determine your status
802.11b
WiFi
802.11g
802.16a
Metabolomics
Genetic Risk
Patient Data
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
RT Analytics
SNP Analysis
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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If you need medical attention or
insulin or other treatment then
hospital sends you a message
802.11b
WiFi
802.11g
VISIT
CLINIC
802.16a
Metabolomics
Genetic Risk
Patient Data
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
RT Analytics
SNP Analysis
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Finn Kydland
RFID Linked Biometrics & Nano-sensor Net
Tonya Kydland
Clive Granger
Louis Brennan
VISIT
CLINIC
Glenn Seaborg
Yuan T. Lee
Shoumen Datta
Charlie Townes
Dudley Herscbach
Helene Langevin Joliot-Curie
Healthcare Cost Reduction
Instead of out patient visits by all
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Identify the one in need of attention
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Finn Kydland
RFID Linked Biometrics & Nano-sensor Net
Tonya Kydland
Clive Granger
VISIT
CLINIC
Louis Brennan
Glenn Seaborg
Yuan T. Lee
Shoumen Datta
Charlie Townes
Dudley Herscbach
Helene Langevin Joliot-Curie
802.11b
WiFi
802.11g
VISIT
CLINIC
802.16a
Metabolomics
Genetic Risk
Patient Data
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
RT Analytics
SNP Analysis
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
239
Healthcare Cost Reduction: Convergence
Bio-sensors, Nanotechnology, ICT and Analytics
9 New Products
9 New Services
9 New Markets
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
240
Healthcare Cost Reduction: Convergence
Bio-sensors, Nanotechnology, ICT and Analytics
9 New Products
9 New Services
9 New Markets
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
241
Healthcare Cost Reduction: Convergence
Bio-sensors, Nanotechnology, ICT and Analytics
9 New Products
9 New Services
9 New Markets
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
242
Healthcare Cost Reduction: Convergence
Bio-sensors, Nanotechnology, ICT and Analytics
9New Services
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
243
Healthcare Cost Reduction: Convergence
Bio-sensors, Nanotechnology, ICT and Analytics
9New Services
VISIT
CLINIC
802.11b
WiFi
802.11g
802.16a
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Healthcare Cost Reduction: Convergence
Bio-sensors, Nanotechnology, ICT and Analytics
9New Services
Intelligent
Analytics
Medical
Google
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
245
Healthcare Cost Reduction: Convergence
Bio-sensors, Nanotechnology, ICT and Analytics
9New Markets
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
246
Demographics Determine Market Growth Strategy
9New Markets
Europe
Population
(millions)
Under 19
(millions)
Over 65
(millions)
Over 65
%
population
1950
350
70
14
4.0
2000
450
60
40
8.9
2050
400
40
90
22.5
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
247
Demographics Determine Market Growth Strategy
9New Markets
Median Age 2015
China ~ 45
India ~ 25
Population 2025
1.5 billion each
Emerging Markets for
-Innovative Products
- Lifestyle Services
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Demographics Determine Market Growth Strategy
9New Markets
% 20
% 15
% 10
Median Age 2015
China ~ 45
India ~ 25
Population 2025
1.5 billion each
Europe
Population
(millions)
% 5
EU <19
0
EU >65
US >65 1950
Under 19
(millions)
2000
Over 65
(millions)
2050
Over 65
%
population
1950
350
70
14
4.0
2000
450
60
40
8.9
2050
400
40
90
22.5
Glucose Nano-sensor Radio
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Globalization Changed Market Economics
Solutions
Median Age 2015
China ~ 45
India ~ 25
Population 2025
1.5 billion each
$1000 solutions for 1 million = $1 billion
$1 solutions for 3 billion
= $3 billion
Problems
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
250
Globalization Changed Market Economics
Solutions
Median Age 2015
China ~ 45
India ~ 25
Population 2025
1.5 billion each
$1000 solutions for 1 million = $1 billion
$1 solutions for 3 billion
= $3 billion
Problems
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
251
Globalization Changed Market Economics
Solutions
Median Age 2015
China ~ 45
India ~ 25
Population 2025
1.5 billion each
$1000 solutions for 1 million = $1 billion
$1 solutions for 3 billion
Problems
= $3 billion
Micro-payments
Nobel Prize 2007
Micro-finance for Women
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
252
Globalization Demands Answers, not Numbers
Solutions
CONVERGENCE
Problems
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Solutions toConvergence
Problems
Innovation through
Sensor, Networks, Health Informatics
Intelligent Software, Medicine, Ethics
Blood Glucose Nano-sensor
Nanotube Radio
NanoLetters (2007) 7 3508 – 3511
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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MIT Tech Review March/April 2008
Papers and Articles
relevant to this talk, please explore:
• http://groups.google.com/group/shoumen/files?hl=en
• http://supplychain.mit.edu/library/sd-papers.aspx
• http://supplychain.mit.edu/about/datta.aspx
• http://supplychain.mit.edu/shoumen
If you wish to receive a full version of this talk, please write to me by email:
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 1-179, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
shoumen@mit.edu
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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“Did not entail being right all the time.
It was rather to dare, to propose new
ideas, and then to verify them and to
know how to admit errors.”
*
Professor Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1932-2007)
after receiving the 1991 Nobel Prize for Physics
* Died 18 May 2007
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
257
CIDS
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
258
s
Idea
New
“ May I be excused? My brain is full. ”
Dr Shoumen Palit Austin Datta < shoumen@mit.edu > MIT Forum for Supply Chain Innovation & MIT School of Engineering
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