98
lPAClIJFlI([;
§OllJTHWlEST
]fORlE§T & RANGlE lEXlPlERTIMlENT §TAl'TION
1.----- Be r k e ley ,
C a I i for n i a_ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ 1966_ _
Pacific Madrone ..... .
a general bibliography fo r a promising species
PHIL1P M.McDONALD and WILLIAM E.SUNDAHL
The supply of merchantable
hardwoods in California is estimated at about 1.6 billion board
feet (Int. 1/4 -inch log rule), according to the 1963 Forest Survey. A significant portion of this total is
Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii PurshJ, whose range extends along
the Pacific Coast from southern British Columbia to southern california
(fig.l). So far, the demand for this raw material has been rather small
largely because no profitable market has existed.
ABSTRACT: Lis t s 60 references, 21
of which emphasize the desirable wood
working characteristics of the species.
Recently, several operators - -both large and small- -have begun
to manufacture hardwood products in 0 reg 0 nan d California . Their
activities have created interest in the available knowledge on the species,
particularly on its wood working c haractenstics.
This note b r in g s together most of the available references on
Pacific madrone .
Index
Reference
Subject
.4, 7, 14, 25, 32, 33, 53
.44, 54
· 6, 29
· . . 3
1, 2, 12
· . 50
Dendrology
Ecology. . .
Biotic factor s.
Climatic factors
Exceptional size and longevity.
Forest types
Injuries
Disease.
Insects .
Management
Mensuration
Site quality
Surveys . .
Volume tables
Forest
Serv i ce
-
U.
S.
. 5,38,52,55
28
45
42
34,40, 58, 59
. . . . . 24
Department
of
Agriculture
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Prepared by Robert F. Tarrant, U.S. Forest Service.
Figure 1. --Natural range of Pacific madrone.
-2-
Subject
Reference
Products
Gluing.
Machining.
Medicinal.
Pulping . .
Seasoning.
Strength . . .
Uses of wood
Veneer . . . . .
Wood chemistry.
Silvicul tur e
Coppicing . .
Seed crops .
Regeneration
Weeding . . .
.10,36,37
. . 11
. . 23, 26
. . . . 31
8,9,13,15,16,17,18,19,20,49,56
46,47
35, 41
. . 60
22, 30
43
57
39
.21,27,48,51
Bibliography
Anonymous
1918.
Giant madrone of California.
Anonymous
1941.
California giant madrone.
Baker, F. S.
1949.
A revised tolerance table.
179 - 181.
Amer. Forestry 24: 102.
Amer. Forests 47: 356.
(1)
(2)
J. Forestry 47:
(3)
Benson, G. T.
1930.
The trees and shrubs of western Oregon. Stanford
Univ., Dudley Herb. Contrib. 2, 170 pp., illus.
(4)
Boyce, John S.
1961.
Forest pathology. Ed. 3, 572 pp., illus.
McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.
(5)
New York:
Brandt, L. E., Ihrig, H. G., and Stephenson, J. W.
1947.
Arbutus menziesii in its native habitat. Royal Hort.
Soc. J. 72: 159-160.
(6)
Brush, W. D.
1948.
Pacific madrone.
(7 )
Amer. Forests 54: 122-123.
Bryan, Eugene L.
1959.
Kiln drying 4 x 4 Pacific madrone.
& Forest Prod. 15, 5 pp.
Calif. Forestry
Bryan, Eugene L.
1960.
Collapse and its removal in Pacific madrone.
Prod. J. 10: 598 - 604.
(8)
Forest
Carstensen, J. P.
1961.
Gluing char acteristics of softwood veneers and
secondary western hardwoods. Forest Prod. J.
11: 313 - 315.
-3 -
(9)
(10)
Davis, E. M.
1947.
Machining of madrone, California laurel, tanbark
oak, and chinquapin. U. S. Forest Servo Forest
Prod. Lab. Rep. R-1727, 6 pp.
(11)
Dixon, Dorothy
1961.
These are the champs.
(12)
Amer. Forests 67: 40 - 50.
Ecklund, Barton A.
1959.
Drying behavior of wood with water replaced by
non -aqueous liquids. Univ. Calif. Forest Prod.
Lab. Paper, 14 pp., illus.
(13)
Eley, C.
1947.
(14)
Arbutus menziesii.
Royal Hort. Soc. J. 72: 32 - 33.
Ellwood, E. L.
1958.
Problems and prospects in drying California hardwoods for high-quality use. Calif. Forestry &
Forest Prod. 8, 5 pp.
(15)
Ellwood, E. L., and Ecklund, B. A.
1963.
The effect of organic liquids on collapse and shrinkage of wood. I. Effect of degrees of replacement.
Forest Prod. J. 13: 291 - 298.
(16 )
Ellwood, E. L., and Ecklund, B. A.
1963.
The effect of organic liquids on collapse and shrinkage of wood. II. Effect of drying temperatures.
Forest Prod. J. 13 : 350 - 354.
(17)
Ellwood, E. L., Ecklund, B. A., and Zavarin, E.
1963.
The effect of organic liquids on collapse and shrinkage of wood. III. Chemical influences. Forest
Prod. J. 13: 401 - 404.
(18)
Espenas, L. D.
1951.
The seasoning of Oregon hardwoods. Oreg. Forest
Prod. Lab. Inform. Circ. 6, 35 pp., illus.
(19)
Graham, R. D.
1954.
Vapor drying of western woods. Oreg. Forest Prod.
Lab. Rep. D-2, 11 pp., illus.
(20)
Gratkowski, Henry J.
1961.
Use of herbicides on forest lands in southwestern
Oregon. U. S. Forest Servo Pacific NW. Forest
& Range Exp. Sta. Res. Note 217, 18 pp.
(21)
Hamilton, J. K., and Thompson, N. S.
1959.
A comparison of the carbohydrates of hardwoods and
softwoods. Tappi 42: 752 - 760.
(22)
Hammarlund, E. R., Pennington, D E., and Rising, L. W.
1952.
An antibacterial substance from the leaves of
Arbutus menziesii. J. Amer. Pharm. Ass.
41: 561 - 565.
(23)
-4-
Hornibrook, E. M., Larson, R. W. J Van Akkeren, J. J., and
Hasel, A. A.
1950 .
Board-foot and cubic-foot volume tables for some
California hardwoods. U. S. Forest Servo Calif.
Forest & Range Exp. Sta. Ires. Note 67, 31 pp. ,
illus.
(24)
Jepson, Willis L.
1957.
A manual of the flowering plants of California.
744 pp. J illus . Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press.
(25)
Kabadi, B., and Hammarlund, E. R.
1963.
Preliminary identification of the antibacterial
principle "madronin" from the leaves of
Arbutus menziesii. J. Pharm. Sci. 52:
1154 - 1159.
(26)
Kay, B. L., Leonard, O. A., and Street, J. E.
1961.
Control of madrone and tanoak stump sprouting.
Weeds 9: 369 - 373.
(27)
Keen, F. P.
1952.
Insect enemies of western forests . U. S. Dep.
Agr. Misc. Publ. 273 (rev.), 280 pp., illus.
(28)
Kittridge, J. A.
1940.
Comparison of forest floors from plantations of
the same age and environment. J. Forestry 38 :
729 - 731.
(29)
Kurth, E. F.
1948.
Chemi c al analysis of western woods.
Paper Trade J. 126 ~6): 56 - 57.
(30)
Part 1.
Laundr i e, J. F.
1959.
Continuous cold soda pulping of west coast red
alder, tanoak, madrone, and big leaf maple.
U. S. Forest Servo Forest Prod. Lab. R-2162,
12 pp.
(31 )
Little, Elbert L., Jr.
1953.
Check list of native and naturalized tr ees of the
United States. U. S. Dep. Agr. Handb. 41,
472 pp.
(32)
Lyons, C. P.
1952.
Trees, shrubs, and flowers to know in British
Columbia. 168 pp., illus. Vancouver, B. C. :
J. M. Dent & Sons .
(33)
Metcalf, Melvin A.
1965.
Hardwood timber resources of the Douglas -fir
subregion . U. S. Forest Servo Res. Bull.
PNW -11 ~ Pacific NW. Forest & Range Exp.
Sta., Portland, Oreg. 12 pp.
(34 )
-5-
Mitchell, Harry O.
1958.
Pacific coast hardwoods and their uses.
Hardwood Mag. 32(11); 110 - 114.
Nat.
(35)
Olson, W. Z .
1949.
Some tests on the gluing characteristics of four
West Coast hardwoods: chinquapin, tanoak,
California laurel, and madrone. Calif. Lumber
Merchant 27 ' 24): 48 - 52.
(36)
Olson, W. Z.
1955.
Gluing characteristics of chinquapin, tanoak,
California laurel, madrone. U. S. Forest Serv.
Forest Prod. Lab. Rep. 2030, 7 pp.
(37)
Peace, T. R.
1962.
Pathology of trees and shrubs with special reference
to Britian. 753 pp., illus. Oxford: Clarendon
Press.
(38)
Pelton, John
1962.
Factors influencing survival and growth of a seedling
population of Arbutus menziesii in California.
Madrono 16: 237 - 276.
(39)
Pfeiffer, J. R.
1953.
Basic data for Oregon hardwoods. Oreg. Forest
Prod. Lab. Rep. G-2, 40 pp., illus.
(40)
Pfeiffer, J. R.
1953.
Western hardwoods - -a promising industry.
Hardwood Mag. 27 : 43 - 45, 51.
(41)
Nat.
Porter, D. R., and Wiant, H. V., Jr.
1965.
Site index equations for tanoak, Pacific madrone,
and red alder in the redwood reg ion of Humboldt
County, California. J. Forestry 63: 286 - 287.
(42)
Roy, Douglass F.
1955.
Hardwood sprout measurements in northwestern
California. U . S . Forest Servo Calif. Forest &
Range Exp. Sta. Res. Note 95, 6pp., illus.
(43)
Roy, Douglass F.
1957.
Silvical characteristics of tanoak. U. S. Forest
Servo Calif. Forest & Range Exp. Sta. Tech.
Paper 22, 21 pp., illus.
(44)
Roy, Douglass F.
1962.
California hardwoods: Management practices and
problems. J. Forestry 60: 184 - 186.
(45)
..
Schniewind, Arno P.
1957.
The strength and related properties of Pacific madrone.
1. General description and strength propert ies in
the green c ondition. Calif. Forestry & Forest
Prod. 3, 4 pp.
(46)
-6 -
Schniewind, Arno P.
1960.
The strength and
madrone. II.
ties in the air
Forest Prod.
related properties of Pacific
Shrinkage and strength properdry condition. Calif. Forestry &
20, 4 pp.
(47)
Schubert, G. H.
1950 .
Control of sprouting of tanoak and madrone stumps.
U . S. Forest Serv . Calif. Forest & Range Exp.
Sta . Res . Note 74, 2 pp.
(48)
Smith, H . H.
1954.
Seasoning California hardwoods . U . S . Forest Servo
Calif. Forest & Range Exp . Sta . Tech. Paper 5,
18 pp . , illus.
(49)
Society of American Foresters
1954 .
Forest cover types of North America. . 67 pp . , illus.
Washington, D. C . : Soc. Amer . Foresters.
(50)
Starker, T . J.
1942.
Will girdling always kill Douglas-fir?
40: 658 - 659.
(51)
J . Forestry
Stuntz, D. E., and Seliskar, E. C.
1943.
A stem canker of dogwood and madrone.
2: 207 - 221.
Mycol.
(52)
Sudworth, George B.
1908.
Forest trees of the Pacific slope. U. S. Forest Serv .,
441 pp . , illus. Washington, D. C . : U . S. Govt .
Printing Office .
(53 )
Tarrant, R. F.
1958.
Silvical characteristics of Pacific madrone. U. S.
Forest Servo Pacific NW. Forest & R ange Exp .
Sta. Silvical Ser . 6, 10 pp . , illus.
(54)
Tehon, L. R.
1943.
Canker of Pacific dogwood and madrona .
Nurseryman 77: 24 - 25.
(55)
Amer .
Torgeson, O. W.
1947.
Kiln drying schedules for I-inch laurel, madrone,
tanoak, and chinquapin. U. S. Forest Serv o Forest
Prod. Lab. R-1684, 24 pp., illus.
(56 )
U . S. Forest Service
1948.
Woody-plant seed manual. U . S. Dep . Agr. Misc .
Publ. 654, 416 pp . , illus .
(57)
U. S . Forest Service
1965.
Timber trends in the United States . U. S. Dep . Agr .
Forest Res. Rep. 17, 235 pp . , illus .
(58 )
-7 -
U. S. Forest Service California Forest and Range
Experiment Station
1954.
Forest statistics for California. Forest Surv.
Release 25, 66 pp., illus.
(59)
U. S. Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory
1959.
Veneer cutting and drying properties: Pacific
madrone. No. 1766-14, 5 pp.
(60)
The Authors'__________________________________________
PHILIP M. McDONALD is studying silvicultural problems
of young-growth Sierra forests , and headquartered at
Redding , California . A native of Seattle, Washington ,
he holds bachelor ' s (Washington State University, 1960)
and master ' s (Duke University , 1961) degrees in forestry .
WILLIAM E. SUNDAHL is on the research staff of the
Challenge Experimental Forest , Yuba Cbunty , California .
Born in Greenville , Calif ., he attended Chico State
Col~ege , w~ere he received a bachelor ' s degree in bio~og1cal SC1ences ( 1956) . He joined the Forest Servic
1n 1957 .
e
-8 -